CN107542018A - Greening mat - Google Patents

Abstract

The object of the present invention is to provide a greening mat that can mix and arrange bryophytes and artificial turf naturally without damaging the bryophytes. The present invention can provide a hybrid greening mat of bryophytes and artificial turf. The aforesaid mat for greening comprises: a moss maintenance mat with bryophytes maintained, and a moss maintenance mat placed overlappingly on the aforementioned moss maintenance mat and having a base material woven into a net shape and a plurality of fluffs imitating lawn leaves erected on the aforementioned base material Mesh artificial turf mats. The greening mat can be installed, for example, by placing the moss maintenance mat and placing the artificial turf mat on the moss maintenance mat.

Description

Mats for greening

technical field

The invention relates to a mat for greening and a setting method thereof, in particular to a mat for greening mixed with bryophytes and artificial turf and a setting method thereof.

Background technique

Today, as a countermeasure against the heat island effect and against global warming, it is often required to secure a certain amount of green area on the ground and buildings. At this time, in many cases, plants are placed on roofs, walls, etc. of buildings due to land constraints. Specifically, vines such as loofah and fallen ground bell (Cardiospermum halicacabum L.) will crawl on the wall in a grid shape, or plant sedum and foliage plants on the wall, and arrange lawns and sedum on the roof Genus plants, foliage plants, succulents, trees, etc.

However, maintenance and management of many plants as exemplified above require time and effort. For example, if it is an annual herb, it must be replanted, propagated and removed every season. Even herbaceous perennials and evergreens require replanting of dead parts and, in most cases, frequent watering, fertilization, and cutting. In addition, when it is a seed plant, the surrounding ecosystem may collapse because the wind will cause the seeds to scatter and grow in the surrounding area. In addition, if it is a plant that requires soil of a certain depth or more for roots to cling to, it is necessary to consider the load resistance of the building.

In recent years, bryophytes have attracted attention as plants that overcome the above problems. Even if the bryophytes are dry, they will only be in a state of suspended animation, and will not die, and will regenerate if water is given, so it can be maintained even with only rain. In addition, bryophytes proliferate through spores, and only absorb water from the air to maintain cells, so no fertilizer is required. In addition, since it can grow anywhere, it has little impact on the surrounding ecosystem. Furthermore, even without soil, bryophytes can grow, and even on inorganic materials such as concrete, they decay slowly and have high carbon sequestration capacity, which is also very useful in reducing greenhouse gases. Patent Documents 1 and 2 disclose greening mats and boards using bryophytes.

prior art literature

patent documents

[Patent Document 1] Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2005-168370

[Patent Document 2] Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2003-250335

Contents of the invention

The problem to be solved by the invention

However, if the bryophyte enters a state of suspended animation, the chloroplasts inside the cells become difficult to see and become yellowish and tawny in color with faded hues. Regarding this point, Patent Document 2 discloses that artificial turf is used to supplement the color tone by embedding turf leaves of artificial turf in a grid pattern on a sheet material loaded with bryophytes. However, in this method, there is a risk of damaging the bryophytes and causing the bryophytes to fall off the sheet when the lawn leaves are planted. In addition, in the method of growing turf leaves of artificial turf in a grid pattern, the arrangement of the artificial turf is artificial, and the bryophytes and the artificial turf cannot be arranged naturally, and sometimes the appearance is lacking.

The present invention provides a mat for greening without harming the bryophytes, which can naturally mix and arrange the bryophytes and artificial turf and its installation method.

means of solving problems

The mat for greening according to the first aspect of the present invention includes a moss maintenance mat on which moss plants are maintained, and a netted artificial turf mat that is stacked on the moss maintenance mat and A base material woven into a net shape, and a plurality of piles imitating lawn leaves erected on the aforementioned base material.

The mat for greening according to the second aspect of the present invention is the mat for greening according to the first aspect characterized in that the fluff is woven into the net-like base material.

The mat for greening according to the third aspect of the present invention is the mat for greening according to the first aspect or the second aspect characterized in that the mesh base has an opening ratio of more than 20%.

The greening mat related to the fourth aspect of the present invention is the greening mat related to any one of the first aspect to the third aspect having the following characteristics: the length of each opening of the aforementioned net-shaped base material is 65 mm on one side The following approximate quadrilateral shape.

The greening mat according to the fifth aspect of the present invention is the greening mat according to the fourth aspect characterized in that each opening of the net-like base material is a substantially quadrangular shape with a side length of 35 mm or less.

The greening mat according to the sixth aspect of the present invention is the greening mat according to the fifth aspect characterized in that each opening of the net-like base material has a substantially quadrangular shape with a side length of 15 mm or less.

The mat for greening according to the seventh aspect of the present invention is the mat for greening according to any one of the first to sixth aspects characterized in that the length of the fluff is 5 mm or more.

The installation method of the mat for greening which concerns on the 8th aspect of this invention contains the following steps.

(1) The step of installing the moss maintenance mat on which the bryophytes are maintained.

(2) On the aforementioned moss maintenance mat, the step of placing a net-shaped artificial turf mat having a mesh-like base material and a plurality of fluffs imitating lawn leaves erected on the aforementioned base material.

The installation method of the mat for greening which concerns on the 9th viewpoint of this invention contains the following steps.

(1) On the moss maintenance mat on which the bryophytes are maintained, the step of loading a netted artificial turf mat having a base material woven into a net shape and a plurality of hairs imitating lawn leaves standing on the base material.

Invention effect

In the present invention, on the moss maintenance mat on which the bryophytes are maintained, the mat of the net-shaped artificial turf having a plurality of hairs imitating lawn leaves is stacked. Thus, for example, even when the bryophytes are in a state of suspended animation, it is possible to complement the color tone of the bryophytes with the color tone of the artificial turf. In addition, the structure of placing the artificial turf mat on the moss maintenance mat is, so to speak, a structure in which the artificial turf mat is attached to the moss maintenance mat like a "wig", so the risk of damage to the moss plants by the artificial turf can be reduced. Therefore, it is possible to provide a mat for greening in which artificial turf and bryophytes are mixed without harming bryophytes.

Furthermore, in the present invention, the base material of the artificial turf mat is woven into a net shape. Therefore, the substrate can be deformed relatively freely. As a result, the lawn leaf-like fluff arranged on the base material is arranged in a well-balanced and overall manner, and forms a natural arrangement instead of a uniform arrangement such as a grid-like arrangement. Thereby, after the artificial turf mat is attached to the moss maintenance mat, the moss plants and the artificial turf which can be seen from the gaps of the mesh artificial turf mat can be naturally mixed and arranged.

Description of drawings

[ Fig. 1 ] A side view of a greening mat according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[ Fig. 2 ] A sectional view taken along line II-II in Fig. 1 .

[ Fig. 3A ] A diagram showing a manufacturing process (first stage) of the mat for greening.

[ Fig. 3B ] A diagram showing a manufacturing process (second stage) of the mat for greening.

[ Fig. 3C ] A diagram showing the manufacturing process (third stage) of the mat for greening.

[ FIG. 3D ] A diagram showing a manufacturing process (fourth stage) of the mat for greening.

[ Fig. 3E ] A diagram showing a manufacturing process (stage 5) of the mat for greening.

[ Fig. 4 ] A side view of a moss maintenance mat according to a modified example.

Symbol Description

1 mat for landscaping

2 moss care mats

21 1st nonwoven sheet layer

22 Second non-woven sheet layer

23 springs

24 Moss maintenance materials

25 base layer

26 Bryophyte layers

28 mesh components

3 artificial turf mats

31 Substrate

32 fluff

detailed description

Hereinafter, the mat for greening which concerns on one Embodiment of this invention, and its installation method are demonstrated with reference to drawings.

＜1. Structure of greening mat＞

＜1-1. Overall structure＞

The greening mat 1 according to the present embodiment is a hybrid greening mat of bryophytes and artificial turf. The greening mat 1 is a material for coping with the heat island effect and global warming, and is typically installed on roofs, walls, and the like of buildings. However, its application is not limited, for example, it can be used for gardening, and it can also be installed in the median of a road, a roadside, etc.

FIG. 1 shows a side view of the mat 1 for greening, and FIG. 2 shows a sectional view taken along line II-II of FIG. 1 . As shown in these figures, the mat 1 for greening is comprised by combining the moss maintenance mat 2 and the artificial turf mat 3. 3A to 3E are diagrams sequentially showing the manufacturing process of the mat 1 for greening, and among them, FIGS. 3A to 3D show the manufacturing process of the moss maintenance mat 2 . FIG. 3E is a side view of the greening mat 1 completed by combining the artificial turf mat 3 with the moss maintenance mat 2 .

＜1-2. Moss care mat＞

As shown in FIG. 3D , the moss maintenance mat 2 according to this embodiment has a first non-woven fabric sheet layer 21, a second non-woven fabric sheet layer 22, a base layer 25 and a moss plant layer sequentially stacked from bottom to top. 26 structures. The moss maintenance mat 2 is produced in the following steps. First, as shown in FIG. 3A , the spring 23 is attached to the second nonwoven fabric sheet layer 22 . The spring 23 is a member obtained by randomly bending an elongated metal material three-dimensionally multiple times, and is configured such that it is all accommodated in a thin space.

Then, as shown in FIG. 3B, on the 2nd non-woven fabric sheet layer 22, with the state of burying spring 23, form the bryophyte mixture 24 layers that are mixed with the seedling (kind of moss) of moss conservation material and bryophyte , that is, the substrate layer 25 . The bryophyte mixture 24 at this stage is powdery, and the moss maintenance material and the bryophytes are evenly mixed. In addition, at this time, the bryophyte mixture 24 is arranged so as to also enter the space in the spring 23 . The spring 23 mainly functions to maintain the shape of the base layer 25 , that is, to maintain the strength of the base layer 25 .

In this embodiment, the moss maintenance material is made of water-absorbing fibrous materials such as paper or sawdust, and paste may be mixed in these fibrous materials. Thus, at least in the state of FIG. 1 , the moss maintenance material layer constitutes a substantially integrated aggregate. In addition, in order to adjust the maintenance environment of moss, in addition to fibrous materials, minerals such as diatomaceous earth and zeolite powder (preferably minerals with good compatibility with moss plants), water retention and other minerals can also be mixed appropriately in moss maintenance materials. Water-retaining agents such as permanent polymers, granular cotton, etc.

The material constituting the moss maintenance material is not limited to the above-mentioned examples, and preferably has the ability to retain water and has the ability to fix the moss plants on the surface. In addition, moss maintenance materials can be used almost as soil, but as the main material, it is preferable to select light materials such as paper and sawdust as mentioned above. In addition, the material of the spring 23 is not particularly limited as long as it can support the shape of the substrate layer 25 made of the moss curing material, that is, can function to maintain the strength of the substrate layer 25 described above. As a preferable example of the material of the spring 23, resin materials, such as polyethylene, are mentioned other than the said metal material.

Next, the bryophytes are grown while giving water to the bryophyte mixture 24 and the second nonwoven fabric sheet layer 22 . During this cultivation period, the rhizoid roots of the bryophytes are grown in a network form in the moss maintenance material contained in the base layer 25, and the moss maintenance material is entwined, so that the bryophytes are fixed on the surface of the moss maintenance material. Reference numeral 26a in Fig. 3B denotes a bryophyte. The cultivation time varies depending on the cultivation environment, preferably more than one year, more preferably about one and a half years. In this case, a bryophyte layer 26 composed of approximately 10 mm bryophytes can be formed (see FIG. 3C ). In addition, at least in the state of FIG. 1 in which the bryophytes are fully grown, the rhizoid roots of the bryophytes form a network as a whole in the moss curing material.

After the bryophyte layer 26 grows to a desired height, a nonwoven fabric sheet is placed under the second nonwoven fabric sheet layer 22 to form a first nonwoven fabric sheet layer 21 (see FIG. 3D ). The first and second nonwoven fabric sheet layers 21 and 22 are layers that function to retain moisture given to bryophytes. In addition, it also becomes a buffer layer to protect the bryophytes. Therefore, the first nonwoven fabric sheet layer 21 is preferably thicker than the second nonwoven fabric sheet layer 22 . Thereafter, the first nonwoven fabric sheet layer 21, the second nonwoven fabric sheet layer 22, and the base layer 25 are sewn with yarns 27 in the vertical direction to fix the first nonwoven fabric sheet layer 21 Material layer 21, the second non-woven fabric sheet layer 22, base plate layer 25 and bryophyte layer 26. Thereby, the moss maintenance mat 2 is completed.

In addition, the method of fixing layers 21, 22, 25 is not limited to sewing, For example, pin fixing may be performed suitably. In addition, as shown in FIG. 4 , in order to further suppress the separation and scattering of the bryophyte layer 26 from the substrate layer 25 , the bryophyte layer 26 may be covered with a wire mesh sheet 28 (hereinafter referred to as a mesh member). The mesh member 28 may be made of, for example, resin such as polyethylene, or may be made of metal. When the net member 28 is used, it is preferable to fix the net member 28 to other layers 21 , 22 , 25 , and 26 included in the moss maintenance mat 2 , for example, in a state of being sewn or pinned with yarn 27 .

The type of bryophyte is not particularly limited. Preferable examples include Pseudomonas esophagus, Septoria spp., Sphagnum moss, etc. Among them, Pseudomonas esophagus is particularly preferred.

＜1-3. Artificial turf mat＞

Next, the artificial turf mat 3 will be described. The artificial turf mat 3 is a mat that is stacked on the moss maintenance mat 2, and is a mat like a "wig" installed on the moss maintenance mat 2. The bryophytes constituting the upper layer of the moss maintenance mat 2 are slightly yellow or brown in the state of suspended animation, and the color tone deteriorates, but the deteriorated moss can be compensated by the artificial turf mat 3 installed like a "wig" Vegetal shades. In addition, even when the bryophytes are not in suspended animation, for example, during the period before the bryophytes are fully grown, the aesthetic appearance can be improved.

As shown in FIG. 3E , the artificial turf mat 3 has a base material 31 and a plurality of piles 32 standing on the base material 31 and imitating lawn leaves. As shown in FIG. 2 , the base material 31 is configured in a net shape or a wire mesh shape, and the fluff 32 stands upright at various places on the base material 31 as if "growing out" at predetermined intervals. As a result, the overall shape of the artificial turf mat 3 is also net-like or silk-like, and the color tone of the fluff 32 can be introduced into the mat 1 for greening as a whole. Furthermore, the bryophyte layer 26 covered by the artificial turf mat 3 can be provided with sunlight through the openings of the reticulated artificial turf mat 3 . In addition, the mesh artificial turf mat 3 can protect the bryophyte layer 26 and suppress the bryophyte layer 26 from being peeled off and scattered.

In addition, because the layer of bryophytes 26 is hidden in the moderate shade formed by the fluff 32, it is less exposed to direct sunlight. Therefore, the bryophyte layer 26 is not easy to dry, and is not easy to enter into a state of suspended animation. In addition, since the fluff 32 makes it difficult for wind to blow directly into the bryophyte layer 26, scattering of the bryophytes can also be suppressed in this sense.

The material and shape of the fluff 32 are not particularly limited as long as the appearance of a lawn leaf can be realized. In the present embodiment, flat monofilament (thread) fluff 32 made of polyethylene is used. The fluff 32 may preferably be made of, for example, thermoplastic resin such as polypropylene, other than polyethylene. Of course, the shade of the fluff 32 is the color of a lawn leaf, typically green. The cross-sectional shape in the longitudinal direction of the fluff 32 is not particularly limited, and may be, for example, triangular, rectangular, circular, star-shaped, or the like.

The length W1 from the surface of the base material 31 to the tip of the fluff 32 is preferably W1≥5 mm, more preferably W1≥7 mm. In this case, as shown in FIG. 1 , even if the bryophytes grow between the fluffs 32 , the fluffs 32 are not easily buried by the moss plants, and the color tone of the fluffs 32 can give the appearance of the greening mat 1 in any case. In addition, the fluff 32 inclines slightly by its own weight, but the length W1 here refers to the length when the fluff 32 stands straight. In addition, W1≤45mm is preferred, W1≤35mm is more preferred, W1≤25mm is further preferred. If the above viewpoints are considered comprehensively, it is preferably 7mm≤W1≤30mm, especially preferably about 10mm (7mm≤W1≤15mm).

The base material 31 is a member woven in a mesh shape so as to expand two-dimensionally. That is, the base material 31 is constituted by knitting threads as a material so as to expand two-dimensionally as a whole in a mesh shape. In addition, in the present embodiment, the piles 32 are generally integrally woven into the threads constituting the base material 31 woven into a net shape at constant intervals. For example, the pile 32 can be formed by folding a thread of W1×2 length as the pile 32 in half and knitting it so as to be wound around the knitting eyes of the base material 31 . The material of the thread constituting the base material 31 is not particularly limited, but is a polyester thread in the present embodiment. In addition, the knitting method of the base material 31 is not particularly limited, but Russell knitting is mentioned as a preferable example. In addition, it is preferable to apply an adhesive such as SBR latex to a part of the base material 31, and fix the knitting eyelets of the base material 31 so that the knitting eyes of the base material 31 do not unravel. Furthermore, by applying the adhesive in this way, it is also possible to prevent the fluff 32 from coming off from the base material 31 .

As described above, by weaving the base material 31 of the artificial turf mat 3 into a mesh shape, the base material 31 can be relatively freely deformed. As a result, the openings of the net-like base material 31 become uneven in shape and size. Therefore, the fluff 32 arranged on the base material 31 is arranged two-dimensionally as a whole with a good balance, but does not form an orderly arrangement, but forms a natural arrangement. Therefore, when the artificial turf mat 3 is attached to the moss maintenance mat 2, the bryophytes and the artificial turf (fluff 32) that can be seen from the gaps of the artificial turf mat 3 can be naturally mixed and arranged.

FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of the greening mat 1 at the height position of the base material 31 . In addition, in FIG. 2 , all the openings of the base material 31 are drawn to be substantially uniform in shape and size, but in the state where the artificial turf mat 3 is set on the moss maintenance mat 2 , it is more uneven. The opening ratio N (average) of the artificial turf mat 3 is preferably N>20%, more preferably N>60%, more preferably N>80%, still more preferably N>90%. In this case, sufficient sunlight can be given to the bryophyte layer 26 covering the artificial turf mat 3 . In addition, the aperture ratio N here means the aperture ratio of the substrate 31 , and refers to the area of openings per unit area in a plan view or a bottom view of the substrate 31 . In addition, preferably N≤97%, preferably N≤96%, more preferably N≤94%. In this case, since the ratio of the visible area of the bryophyte layer 26 becomes small in the top view of the greening mat 1 , even when the bryophytes enter a state of suspended animation, the color tone does not deteriorate too much.

In this embodiment, the shape of each opening of the artificial turf mat 3 is approximately a rhombus. The length L1 (average) of one side of each opening of the substrate 31 is preferably L1≦65 mm, more preferably L1≦35 mm, and still more preferably L1≦15 mm. In this case, the function of preventing the detachment of the bryophyte layer 26 can be more effectively improved. In addition, in this case, it is particularly preferable to omit the mesh member 28 as shown in FIG. 4 .

＜2. How to install mats for greening＞

Next, the installation method of the above-mentioned greening mat 1 will be described. First, the moss maintenance mat 2 and the artificial turf mat 3 are prepared and transported to the installation position. The moss maintenance mat 2 and the artificial turf mat 3 are formed in, for example, a rectangular mat or a plate shape of several meters by several meters from the viewpoint of ease of transportation and workability. Therefore, here, the necessary number is prepared according to the area of the installation location. In addition, the sizes of the moss maintenance mat 2 and the artificial turf mat 3 may be the same or different.

At the site, the moss maintenance mats 2 are fixed to the installation surface, and at the same time, the moss maintenance mats 2 are lined up. At this time, the moss maintenance mat 2 is installed so that the moss plant layer 26 faces upward. In addition, the fixing method can be appropriately selected. For example, in the case of a horizontal or sloped roof, adhesives, double-sided tapes, etc. can be used for fixing, and metal parts such as concrete nails and anchors can be used for fixing.

Thereafter, on the moss maintenance mat 2 covered, artificial turf mats 3 are further arranged. At this time, the artificial turf mat 3 is installed such that the side of the base material 31 faces downward and the pile 32 faces upward. In addition, at this time, the artificial turf mat 3 is gently placed on the moss maintenance mat 2 so as not to damage the moss maintenance mat 2 , especially the moss plant layer 26 . The artificial turf mat 3 is also fixed relative to the installation position. The fixing method can be appropriately selected. For example, metal parts such as nails and anchors can be used to directly fix the installation surface, or pin fixing can be used to fix the moss maintenance mat 2 fixed on the installation surface.

In addition, the artificial turf mat 3 can also be installed at the installation position where the moss maintenance mat 2 has already been introduced.

Through the above operations, the installation work of the greening mat 1 is completed. The mat 1 for greening at this stage is, for example, the state shown in FIG. 3E . Thereafter, if the bryophyte layer 26 further grows, it will be in the state shown in FIG. 1 . That is, the bryophytes enter between the hairs 32, forming an appearance that the artificial turf and the bryophytes are integrated. Through the above operations, the greening mat 1 according to the present embodiment can properly protect the bryophyte layer 26 with the artificial turf mat 3 and can provide a more stable and beautiful appearance due to the color development of the artificial turf.

＜3. Modifications＞

As mentioned above, although one embodiment of this invention was described, this invention is not limited to the said embodiment, As long as it does not deviate from the range of the summary, various changes are possible. For example, the following changes can be made.

In the above-described embodiment, the moss maintenance mat 2 and the artificial turf mat 3 are fixed to each other at installation positions, but they may be fixed in advance. The fixing method of pre-fixing can be selected suitably, for example, both may be fixed by sewing, and both may be fixed by pin fixing etc. similarly to the above-mentioned example.

Claims (9)

1. a kind of greening mat, it is characterised in that possess：

Maintenance has the liver moss maintenance mat of bryophyte, and

The netted chinampa mat being overlappingly placed on the liver moss maintenance mat, the chinampa mat have braiding Webbed base material and the multiple fine hair intended like lawn leaf being erected on the base material.

2. greening mat as claimed in claim 1, wherein, the fine hair is incorporated into the Network substrates.

3. greening mat as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein, the aperture opening ratio of the Network substrates is more than 20%.

4. greening mat as claimed any one in claims 1 to 3, wherein, each opening of the Network substrates is on one side Length below 65mm approximate quadrangle shape.

5. greening mat as claimed in claim 4, wherein, each openings of the Network substrates is the length on one side in 35mm The shape of following approximate quadrangle.

6. greening mat as claimed in claim 5, wherein, each openings of the Network substrates is the length on one side in 15mm The shape of following approximate quadrangle.

7. the greening mat as any one of claim 1 to 6, wherein, the length of the fine hair is in more than 5mm.

A kind of 8. method to set up of greening mat, it is characterised in that including：

Maintenance is set to have the step of liver moss maintenance mat of bryophyte, and

The step of placing netted chinampa mat on mat is conserved in the liver moss, the netted chinampa mat, which has, to be compiled Knit the multiple fine hair of webbed base material and the plan being erected on the base material like lawn leaf.

A kind of 9. method to set up of greening mat, it is characterised in that including：

The step of placing netted chinampa mat on mat, the netted pedaline are conserved in the liver moss that maintenance has bryophyte Level ground mat, which has, weaves the multiple fine hair of webbed base material and the plan being erected on the base material like lawn leaf.