CN107711028B - A kind of suspension slot type substrate culture system and method - Google Patents
A kind of suspension slot type substrate culture system and method Download PDFInfo
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- CN107711028B CN107711028B CN201711091187.0A CN201711091187A CN107711028B CN 107711028 B CN107711028 B CN 107711028B CN 201711091187 A CN201711091187 A CN 201711091187A CN 107711028 B CN107711028 B CN 107711028B
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G31/00—Soilless cultivation, e.g. hydroponics
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C23/00—Distributing devices specially adapted for liquid manure or other fertilising liquid, including ammonia, e.g. transport tanks or sprinkling wagons
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G31/00—Soilless cultivation, e.g. hydroponics
- A01G31/02—Special apparatus therefor
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G7/00—Botany in general
- A01G7/04—Electric or magnetic or acoustic treatment of plants for promoting growth
- A01G7/045—Electric or magnetic or acoustic treatment of plants for promoting growth with electric lighting
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G7/00—Botany in general
- A01G7/06—Treatment of growing trees or plants, e.g. for preventing decay of wood, for tingeing flowers or wood, for prolonging the life of plants
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G9/00—Cultivation in receptacles, forcing-frames or greenhouses; Edging for beds, lawn or the like
- A01G9/24—Devices or systems for heating, ventilating, regulating temperature, illuminating, or watering, in greenhouses, forcing-frames, or the like
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G9/00—Cultivation in receptacles, forcing-frames or greenhouses; Edging for beds, lawn or the like
- A01G9/24—Devices or systems for heating, ventilating, regulating temperature, illuminating, or watering, in greenhouses, forcing-frames, or the like
- A01G9/246—Air-conditioning systems
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
- Y02A40/25—Greenhouse technology, e.g. cooling systems therefor
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/20—Reduction of greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions in agriculture, e.g. CO2
- Y02P60/21—Dinitrogen oxide [N2O], e.g. using aquaponics, hydroponics or efficiency measures
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
- Ecology (AREA)
- Forests & Forestry (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of suspension slot type substrate culture system and methods, including liquid manure integrated device, several hanging cultivation slots and the cultivation matrix being placed in hanging cultivation slot；Wherein each hanging cultivation slot includes: a pair of of stand type support and a pair of of transverse support bar, and the both ends of transverse support bar are fixed with corresponding stand type support respectively；Arc planting groove, two opposite sides of arc planting groove are connected with corresponding transverse support bar respectively, and groove body is in the Asperity model shape that recessed portion and lug boss are interspersed；Water-fertilizer integral device includes sequentially connected nutrient solution liquid storing barrel, water pump, filter, nutrition pipeline and drip irrigation pipe.Cultivation matrix is placed in hanging cultivation slot, embedding electricity heating line in cultivation matrix, plants crops in cultivation matrix, drip irrigation pipe is placed in cultivation matrix top surface；) in the production estimation period, nutrient solution in liquid storing barrel by water pump, nutrition pipeline and drip irrigation pipe at regular time and quantity trickle irrigation into cultivation matrix.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to cultivation technique without soil fields, and in particular to a kind of suspension type substrate culture system and technique.
Background technique
Soilless cultivation (soilless culture) is not have to natural soil, cultivates substitution natural soil training with other materials
The method for supporting plant, including the training of water planting, mist (gas), matrix training.In 19th century, W. Ke Nuopu etc. has invented this method.To 20
The thirties in century starts in this technical application to agricultural production.It is further improved technology in 21st century people, so that
Soilless cultivation grows up.
The culture solution manually prepared in soilless cultivation, supplies the needs of plant and mineral nutrition, soilless cultivation be it is a kind of not
Nutrition is provided using the nutrient solution containing plant growth and development indispensable element with natural soil, normally completes plant entirely
The cultivation technique of life cycle.In cultivation technique without soil, a kind of eurythmy, the suitable nutrition of concentration can be provided for plant
Whether liquid finds suitable matrix, whether has suitable cultivating device, and corresponding warm light liquid manure gas management method is all system
About cultivate whether successful factor.
Existing general cultivation bed, which is substantially, uses round or square metal tube for groove body backing material, with metal plate,
Plastic plate, non-woven fabrics or woven cloth are that material forms groove body material, and connection installation method between the two is complex.Groove body material
The ventilating permeable of material is poor, and cultivation matrix lacks the specific physical and chemical index of science, and nutrient solution nutrient composition cost performance needs to be mentioned
Height, the controllability and practicability of water-fertilizer integral device are inadequate, the heating apparatus of cultivation matrix or no configuration or more multiple
It is miscellaneous.
Summary of the invention
The present invention provides a kind of suspension slot type substrate culture system and technique, and cultivation slot structure is simple and direct rationally, installation is simple
Convenient, connection is light and handy secured, and appearance looks elegant is clean and tidy, and cultivation system is scientific and reasonable, effectively improves the yield of cultivated crop.
A kind of suspension slot type substrate culture system, including liquid manure integrated device, the assembling of several single hanging cultivation slots and
At culture apparatus and the cultivation matrix that is placed in hanging cultivation slot；
Wherein single hanging cultivation slot includes:
A pair of of stand type support and a pair of of the transverse support bar for being parallel to each other and being located in the same horizontal plane, transverse support bar
Both ends are fixed with corresponding stand type support respectively, and the transverse support bar is hollow tube and bottom is equipped with axially extending along hollow tube
Opening；
And arc planting groove, two opposite sides of arc planting groove connect with the opening of corresponding transverse support bar respectively
Connect, the groove body of the arc planting groove is in the Asperity model shape that recessed portion and lug boss are interspersed, recessed portion bottom open up it is ventilative/
Drainage hole；
Water-fertilizer integral device includes sequentially connected nutrient solution liquid storing barrel, water pump, filter, nutrition pipeline and drop
Pipe is filled, the drip irrigation pipe is distributed at the top of the cultivation matrix in arc planting groove.
The groove body of cultivation bed of the present invention is Asperity model, and the recessed portion and lug boss of Asperity model are interspersed, recessed portion bottom
Aperture, for draining and breathing freely.Groove body can in the opening by forming concavo-convex plastic tab insertion transverse support bar through hot pressing,
It bends to semi-circular groove to form, Asperity model is as root guard container；Stand type support uses metal stand type support, and transverse support bar uses
Metal tube.
Preferably, the recessed portion and lug boss are uniformly distributed and overlap.
Preferably, the width of the opening is less than the thickness in the depressions or protrusions portion of groove body.It can be directly by Asperity model
It is plugged and fixed, does not need additional fixation, it is simple and fast.
Further, the depressions or protrusions portion with a thickness of 2~5cm, the maximum in the depressions or protrusions portion is opened
Bore at mouthful is 1.5~3cm.
Preferably, the end of the transverse support bar is equipped with the connection sheet that transversely support rod axis extends, the connection
On piece is opened up for bolted through-hole.
Connection sheet facilitates the assembling of cultivation bed, in the non-end head of first cultivation bed for connecting adjacent cultivation bed
One connection sheet is installed, is inserted into the transverse support bar of next cultivation bed, is fixed with bolt, the last one tail is located at when concatenation
Slot can not set connection sheet.
Preferably, it is detachably connected between the transverse support bar both ends and corresponding stand type support.
Further, the corresponding position of the transverse support bar and stand type support opens up aperture, is connected by fastening bolt
It connects.Convenient for the assembling of each component of single cultivation bed, when field cultivation, is assembled into different forms as needed, such as can assemble
One layer, bilayer can also be assembled into.
Preferably, the water-fertilizer integral device further includes the cyclelog for controlling the water pump.It realizes according to difference
Crop demand sprays at regular time and quantity, by taking strawberry cultivating as an example, applies at interval of 4~6 hours intervals and fills one body fluid of liquid manure, every time
Applying the filling time is 15~30 minutes, increases water content of substrate by 15-20%.
Preferably, the cultivation matrix embedded set electric warming device.Electric warming device is to use to add with metal wire to be conductive
Adiabator, the line style electricity heating line that ageing-resistant and temperature resistant plastic is insulating materials composition, in the energized state, metal wire generates
40-50 DEG C of temperature heats electricity heating line periphery object.The operating power 800- of common electrofarming heating wire
1000w, electricity heating line length 100-120m, line footpath about 3mm (contain plastic insulating layer).It is cultivated in use, electricity heating line is embedded to
The root growth position of matrix, depth about 5cm.After energization, electricity heating line generates heat, is transmitted in cultivation matrix, to crop
Root system position is heated.General heating can increase by 5 DEG C or so than the substrate temperature not heated.
Preferably, hydraulic pressure is irrigated for discharging at interval of 10~15cm aperture, tapping setting in the top of the drip irrigation pipe
The water dropper of power being made of curved elongated runner.Drip irrigation pipe is directly placed at stromal surface.
Preferably, the stand type support is ladder frame.
Water-fertilizer integral device is by liquid receiver, water pump, irrigation procedure controller, filter, liquid-transport pipe-line, drip irrigation pipe and each
The parts such as kind connector form.Liquid receiver is the container for storing irrigation water and nutrient solution, using plastic barrel, metal drum or water
Mud liquid storage tank, volume size are set according to cultivated area size.Water pumpPressure is provided for the conveying of irrigation water or nutrient solution, one
As operating pressure in 1-2kg/m2.Irrigation procedure controller is by water content of substrate sensor, cyclelog, appliance controller group
At according to the inductive signal of water content of substrate sensor, manipulation water pump opens and closes work automatically at regular time and quantity.Cyclelog is adopted
It is realized, can be customized to producer with the prior art.Filter plays impurity in filtering irrigation water or nutrient solution, prevents water-supply-pipe
Road and trickle irrigation blockage.Liquid-transport pipe-line is the transfer passage of irrigation water or nutrient solution.Drip irrigation pipe is going out for irrigation water or nutrient solution
Water installations.Various connectors are the connection of aqueduct, turn, variable diameter, close the effects of opening.Its workflow is " reservoir
Bucket --- water pump --- filter --- liquid-transport pipe-line --- drip irrigation pipe ", water pump is controlled by irrigation procedure controller.
Water-fertilizer integral device can realize the accurate liquid manure supply of " the fixed side's (formula) of fixed fertilizer at regular time and quantity ": by specific appearance
Long-pending fertilising container carries out with fertilizer, precisely deploying the quantizating index such as the quantity of nutrient solution, concentration, nutrient formula, pH, Ec；Pass through
Water pump provides stable pressure for nutrient solution conveying；By infusion pipeline system, nutrient input is sent to each of implant system
Position；By drip irrigation system, nutrient solution is accurately transported to crop root base portion；By different valvings, to plantation
The nutrient input at each position of system is sent into row and controls respectively；Water pump, which is controlled, by irrigation procedure controller applies filling at regular time and quantity.
Hanging cultivation slot of the invention supports and fixes transverse support bar with " ladder type " metal stand type support, with lateral branch
The specific attachment device of strut end connects into single cultivation bed the strip cultivation bed of random length；It is laterally propped up at two
Concavo-convex plastic tab is hung between strut；Concavo-convex plastic tab bends to semi-circular container, forms semicircle cultivation bed；?
Matrix is placed in semicircle cultivation bed；The long-term cropping in matrix.
Hanging cultivation slot of the invention, will be concavo-convex using the transverse support bar of special shape and size as backing material
For plastic tab out of, transverse support bar port insertion opening, the opening of transverse support bar blocks concavo-convex plastic tab can not
It skids off, plays insertion conveniently, hang firm good result.The opening width of transverse support bar is specifically that opening width is small
In the concave-convex body thickness of plastic tab.When installation, concavo-convex plastic tab is out of cross-brace boom end insertion groove.In insertion groove
Concavo-convex plastic tab be securely suspended in transverse support bar, will not glide and drop out the opening of transverse support bar, Ke Yifang
Just concavo-convex plastic tab is inserted into or is removed from transverse support bar end.With two transverse support bars fix one it is concavo-convex
Plastic tab makes plastic tab be formed by bending semicircle cultivation bed.Transverse support bar, which plays, blocks concavo-convex plastic tab and branch
The dual function for supportting fixed cultivation bed, becomes the cultivation bed of agriculture hydroponics.
The cross-brace rod structure of the C-shaped slot in section as groove body backing material, using concavo-convex plastic tab as groove body material
Cultivation slot structure composed by material and backing material and the distinctive connection type of plastic tab is specific to the present invention, this
Kind structure can directly be inserted into the concavo-convex plastic tab of strip from transverse support bar termination openings, rely on plastic tab
Concavo-convex raised body is fixed on plastic tab suspension in transverse support bar.
It is connected between cultivation bed and cultivation bed using connection sheet, connection method simplicity is ingenious, with short time several seconds energy
The connection or disassembly between two groove bodies are completed, assembling and dissembling process is very efficient.Groove body material is concavo-convex plastic tab, is had thereon
The intensive aperture with drainage ventilation function, can breathe freely water flowing, highly beneficial to crop root growth, be a kind of dedicated
Crop root system growing container.
In addition to These characteristics, hanging cultivation slot of the invention also has a characteristic that in use
(1) structure of the invention is simply light and handy.Using building block system mounting means, profession installation technical ability, Yong Huke are not needed
The installation of DIY autonomous type, simple installation are quick；
(2) the groove body material of concavo-convex plastic tab composition, surface is concavo-convex and has blow vent, can increase matrix in slot
Aeration and drainage, be advantageous to crop root growth needs, concavo-convex plastic tab have preferable mechanical strength, compared with
High bearing capacity and the service life up to the several years；
(3) tailored appearance is beautiful.
The present invention also provides a kind of suspension slot type substrate culture methods, using the suspension slot type substrate culture system, packet
Include following steps:
(1) cultivation matrix is placed in hanging cultivation slot, embedding electricity heating line in cultivation matrix, is planted on cultivation matrix
Crops, drip irrigation pipe are placed in cultivation matrix top surface；
(2) in the production estimation period, the nutrient solution in liquid storing barrel is by water pump, nutrition pipeline and drip irrigation pipe in program
Under the control of control timer, fixed side's (formula) trickle irrigation of fixed fertilizer is into cultivation matrix at regular time and quantity.
Preferably, the crops are the herbaceous crops such as strawberry, melon and fruit or vegetables.
Cultivation matrix passes through different material using organic and inorganic two kinds of raw material and different additive and conditioner
The formula of type different ratio difference physical specification, is precisely configured, reaches good physical and chemical character, is plant growth
The needs of basic nutrient is provided, meets crop root growth and absorbs nutrient.
The design of cultivation matrix will enter as follows:
Physical element: aeration porosity > 23%, water-holding porosity > 55%, trickle irrigation expand hydrosphere radius > 100mm；
Tincture: pH value (pH) 5.5-6.5, conductivity (Ec): 0.45-1.2mS/cm.
Preferably, the cultivation matrix has the following raw material to prepare according to a conventional method:
The raw material of the matrix is conventional raw material, can pass through commercially available acquisition.
Further, it is prepared by the following raw material:
Most preferably, it is prepared by the following raw material:
Surveying matrix physics and chemistry, the results are shown in Table 1:
Table 1
The cultivation matrix is suitable for the plantation of the herbaceous crops such as strawberry, melon and fruit or vegetables, is particularly suitable for the cultivation of strawberry.
Conventional strawberry production is based on soil cultivation, and fertilising lid mulch is ditched, and whole furrow workload is more, bending over property planting tube
Field labours are heavy, field humidity is larger, soil disease is more difficult to control, water and fertilizer management is more extensive for reason and picking etc., and yield mentions
It is high more difficult；It is also not suitable with the development need for the novel agriculturals service trades such as picking of going sightseeing simultaneously.Substrate culture system of the present invention
Above-mentioned problem is relatively well made up: first is that strawberry cultivating matrix and the standardization level of liquid manure supply have largely
It improves；Second is that reducing bending over property labor intensity, production comfort is improved；Third is that water and fertilizer management, field humidity and soil disease control
Effect processed can increase；Fourth is that whole furrow workload of fertilising lid mulch ditching is reduced compared with conventional soil cultivation；Fifth is that yield
It can increase with quality；Sixth is that adapting to the agriculture development need of picking of going sightseeing；Seventh is that can be obtained centainly by Extension Services
Input-output efficiency.
Cultivating nutrient solution is according to the different stages of growth of Different Crop to the different demands and different cultivation bases of nutrient
Matter formula, science formulate nutrient formula.Nutrient includes a great number of elements (N, P, K), moderate-element (Ca, Mg, S), microelement
(Fe, Mn, Zn, Cu, Mo, B, CI etc.), and there is specific content to match；And the chemical index such as suitable pH, Ec value, it is sufficiently full
Demand of the sufficient plant growth to nutrient.
By taking strawberry cultivating as an example, strawberry breeding time be up to 9 months (current year September to May next year), strawberry it is fertilizer favorite but intolerant to
Fertilizer, and demand of the different growing to nutrient is different.In general, the concentration of different elements is as follows in nutrient solution: N 105ppm
(N-NH4+ 7ppm, N-NO3- 98ppm), P 15ppm, K 117ppm, Ca 40ppm, Mg 12ppm, S 16ppm, Fe
2.1ppm, Mn 0.26ppm, Cu 0.01ppm, Zn 0.02ppm, B 0.2ppm, Mo 0.004ppm.
Control lower nutrient solution concentration before flowering, can reduce the generation of malformed fruit in this way, Post flowering due to blooming,
As a result consumption nutrient is more, and should have additional nutrients liquid concentration, to prevent plant strain growth gesture from weakening and early ageing, reduces yield, influences product
Matter.Strawberry field planting initial stage, 2 weeks to epiphragma, epiphragma to bloom, the nutrient solution concentration that later different growing uses of blooming is respectively
0.4,0.8-1.6,1.2-1.8,1.6-2.4mS/cm.Nutrient solution optimum pH is 5.5-6.5.If the pH of nutrient solution is more than
Most suitable range can be adjusted with diluted acid or dilute alkaline soln.Solution temperature controls about 20 DEG C.
The present invention selects suitable cultivation matrix according to Different Crop or different way to manages；During plant growth, root
According to Different Crop or different cultivation matrixes, suitable moisture, nutrient supply scheme are selected, realizes " the fixed side of fixed fertilizer at regular time and quantity
The accurate liquid manure of (formula) " supplies, and guarantees general requirement of the plant growth to rich water；Illumination, temperature, humidity, the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control,
The control of the ambient growths factors such as plant strain growth adjusting.
Foregoing matrix formulations and nutrient solution prescription are combined with cultivation system of the invention, the cultivation for strawberry
Training can make the average product of strawberry increase by 10%.
By taking strawberry cultivating as an example, matched Managed Solution is as follows:
1. field planting: temperature is colonized at 15-25 DEG C, line-spacing 20-25cm, spacing in the rows 15-20cm.
2. temperature: after field planting, day temperature is no more than 25 DEG C, and night is kept for 10-15 DEG C, and nutrient solution liquid temperature is preferably maintained at 18
~22 DEG C or so, Rhizosphere temperature is maintained at 15 DEG C or more.
3. illumination: extending to the daily duration of day 15~16 hours by lighting mode, while guaranteeing minimum night temperature 5-6
℃。
It is stored in liquid storing barrel after the mixture such as water, fertilizer, nutrient solution, water-fertilizer integral device match and applied, liquid manure of the invention
Integrated apparatus is accomplished " four is fixed ": timing, quantitative, fixed square, fixed fertilizer.
Timing is completed by timer, the interval time of setting liquid manure application；Quantitatively pass through the volume and timing of liquid storing barrel
Device setting is matched every time applies the time；The requirement of fixed side and fixed fertilizer by different plantation period crops to nutrient, passes through human configuration Cheng Shui
The nutrient liquid of fertile one, is placed in liquid storing barrel.
By taking strawberry cultivating as an example, nutrient solution applies filling once at interval of 4~12 hours intervals, and applying the filling time every time is 15~30
Minute.Water content of substrate increases 15-20%.
Nutrient solution partitioning control valve can also be set in liquid manure integrated device, and a control valve controls a piece of growing area
Domain carries out the management of modularization zonal control.
Cultural method of the invention is placed in conventional glasshouse or even progress in vinyl house.Cultivation side of the invention
In method, hanging cultivation slot: placing plantation substrate in slot, and specific crops are planted in matrix；Water-fertilizer integral dress
It sets: for providing the device of nutrient solution to plant growth during planting；Plantation substrate: specific match using through what is determined
, there is specific physicochemical character in side, provides support for crop root growth and carries out the medium of fertile water_air exchange；Using special formulation
The nutrient solution of cultivation: by water-fertilizer integral device, required nutrient is provided for plant growth during plant growth；Configuration electricity adds
Warm device provides certain temperature in cool period for matrix and crop root；Mating growth management technology: being in plant growth
Period, by scientific and reasonable cultivation management technology, adjust the growth managements such as moisture, nutrition, temperature, humidity, illumination, ventilation because
Son, it is ensured that crop normal growth.By production containers device (hanging cultivation slot), water-fertilizer integral device, heating apparatus, cultivation
Each section that matrix, nutrient solution, corresponding cultivation administrative skill form complements each other, and forms complete substrate culture production system
System, collectively promotes crop production, improves the comprehensive production efficiency of soilless cultivation.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the planar structure schematic diagram of present invention suspension slot type cultivation system.
Fig. 2 is the perspective view of hanging cultivation slot of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is the front view of hanging cultivation slot of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is the left view of hanging cultivation slot of the present invention.
Fig. 5 is transverse support bar schematic cross-section of the present invention.
Fig. 6 is cultivation bed concatenation schematic diagram of the present invention (arc planting groove is not shown in figure).
Fig. 7 is liquid manure integrated device schematic diagram of the present invention.
Fig. 8 is heating apparatus setting schematic diagram of the present invention.
Appended drawing reference as shown in the figure is as follows:
1- cultivation bed 2- nutrition pipeline 3- liquid storing barrel
4- crops 5- drip irrigation pipe 6- water pump
7- timer 8- electricity heating line 9- root system
11- stand type support 12- transverse support bar 13- arc planting groove
14- connection sheet 121- opening 131- recessed portion
132- lug boss.
Specific embodiment
As shown in Figure 1, a kind of suspension slot type cultivation system, including several cultivation beds and water-fertilizer integral device, individually
It arranges, arranges as shown in Figure 1 in matrix, centre is by channel partition, water-fertilizer integral device on demand after cultivation bed concatenation assembling
Including liquid storing barrel 3, water pump 6, filter (not shown), nutrition pipeline 2 and the drip irrigation pipe 5 being sequentially connected in series, water pump with
Timer 7 connects.
The structural schematic diagram of single cultivation bed is as shown in Figure 2-5, including stand type support 11, transverse support bar 12 and arc
Planting groove 13, stand type support 11 are a pair of of ladder frame, the both ends of a pair of of transverse support bar 12 respectively with corresponding stand type support top
Portion connects, and is parallel to each other between a pair of of transverse support bar, and transverse support bar and the equal aperture in stand type support corresponding position are connected by bolt
It connects.
Transverse support bar 12 is the hollow tube that is square of section, and transversely support rod axis direction is opened up and continuously opened for bottom
Mouth 121, as shown in figure 5, forming two opposite sides of concavo-convex rigid plastics sheet container through hot pressing is inserted into cross-brace
In the opening of bar, semicircle is bent to, forms the transversely axially extending arc planting groove 3 of support rod, the slot of arc planting groove 3
Body is in the Asperity model of recessed portion and lug boss interlaced arrangement, and recessed portion 131 and lug boss 132 uniformly and are interspersed, adjacent
Depressions or protrusions overlap between portion, and the bottom of recessed portion opens up aperture, for ventilating and draining.
The thickness of recessed portion or lug boss is all larger than the opening width of transverse support bar, can directly be realized by Asperity model
The fixation of groove body and transverse support bar, without additional fixed.
Multiple cultivation bed assemblings are can to snap connection, and transversely support rod can also be arranged in the end of transverse support bar
Axially extending connection sheet 14 opens up circular hole in connection sheet,；Connection sheet penetrates in the transverse support bar of next cultivation bed, passes through
Bolt fixation is assembled, and the cultivation bed after concatenation assembling as shown in Figure 6 (arc planting groove is not shown in figure), concatenates assembling
Stern notch no setting is required connection sheet.
Connection type between liquid manure integrated device and cultivation bed as shown in fig. 7, comprises several liquid storing barrels 3, water pump 6,
Filter, nutrition pipeline 2 and drip irrigation pipe 5, are sequentially connected with, and drip irrigation pipe is placed in the top surface of matrix in cultivation bed 1, configured
Nutrient solution is placed in liquid storing barrel, is pumped in each drip irrigation pipe by water, and by drip irrigation pipe trickle irrigation into cultivation matrix, cultivation bed groove body is recessed
The aperture of concave portion bottom is for draining and ventilating.
For cultivated area larger range situation, control valve, the control of trickle irrigation fragment is arranged in fragment area, and water pump connects one
Timer 7 is arranged trickle irrigation interval time and each trickle irrigation time, conveys nutrient solution into cultivation bed at regular time and quantity.
Cultivation matrix is placed in cultivation bed, crop planting in cultivation matrix, can also in cultivation matrix 9 center of root system
Locate embedding electricity heating pipe 8 (as shown in Figure 8), for heating to 9 growing environment of root system.
The cultural method of cultivation system of the present invention is as follows:
After cultivation bed, water-fertilizer integral device are completed, cultivation matrix is placed in cultivation bed, farming is planted in matrix
Object is poured at regular time and quantity by water-fertilizer integral device.
The present invention selects suitable cultivation matrix according to Different Crop or different way to manages；During plant growth, root
According to Different Crop or different cultivation matrixes, suitable moisture, nutrient supply scheme are selected, realizes " the fixed side of fixed fertilizer at regular time and quantity
The accurate liquid manure of (formula) " supplies, and guarantees general requirement of the plant growth to rich water；Illumination, temperature, humidity, the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control,
The control of the ambient growths factors such as plant strain growth adjusting.It is specifically described by taking cultivated strawberry as an example below:
Matrix formulations:
Nutrient management:
Strawberry breeding time is up to 9 months (current year September to May next year), and strawberry is fertilizer favorite but intolerant to fertilizer, and different growing pair
The demand of nutrient is different.In general, the concentration of different elements is as follows in nutrient solution: N 105ppm (N-NH4+ 7ppm, N-NO3-
98ppm), P 15ppm, K 117ppm, Ca 40ppm, Mg 12ppm, S 16ppm, Fe 2.1ppm, Mn 0.26ppm, Cu
0.01ppm, Zn 0.02ppm, B 0.2ppm, Mo 0.004ppm.
Control lower nutrient solution concentration before flowering, can reduce the generation of malformed fruit in this way, Post flowering due to blooming,
As a result consumption nutrient is more, and should have additional nutrients liquid concentration, to prevent plant strain growth gesture from weakening and early ageing, reduces yield, influences product
Matter.Strawberry is colonized initial stage, 2 weeks to epiphragma, epiphragma to the nutrient solution concentration (Ec value) bloomed, later different growing of blooming uses
Respectively 0.4,0.8-1.6,1.2-1.8,1.6-2.4ms/cm.Nutrient solution optimum pH is 5.5-6.5.If the pH of nutrient solution
It has been more than most suitable range, can have been adjusted with diluted acid or dilute alkaline soln.Solution temperature controls about 20 DEG C.
Matched Managed Solution is as follows:
(1) it is colonized
Strawberry resident time can comprehensively consider according to locating geographical location, facility condition and supply time.Work as temperature
At 15-25 DEG C, the transplanting survival rate highest of strawberry.General line-spacing 20-25cm, spacing in the rows 15-20cm.When field planting extract old leaf and
The fibrous root of black, promotes new root.The new stem of strawberry is in " bow " shape, and inflorescence carries on the back direction pumping from " bow ".Therefore, field planting when because
New stem " bow " should be carried on the back and be transplanted in one direction, keep inflorescence pumping direction consistent, convenient for picking and management.In addition, grasping kind
Depth is planted, is accomplished " deep not bury the heart, shallowly not crab rooting ", when irrigation does not become silted up the heart.
(2) temperature
After field planting, for day temperature no more than 25 DEG C, night is kept for 10-15 DEG C in facility, is conducive to normal growth and development
With yield positive results.Higher than 35 DEG C or lower than 3 DEG C, it can all influence to bloom, pollinate, be easy to happen malformed fruit.Nutrient solution liquid Wen Yibao
It holds at 20 DEG C or so, Rhizosphere temperature is maintained at 15 DEG C or more.Matrix is heated using electricity heating method during low temperature, is used in combination
Thermal insulation material wraps up cultivation bed and increases groove body heat insulating ability, heats amplitude and generally increases about 5 DEG C than not heating, it is raw to not only improve root system
It is long, and do not increase power consumption excessively.
(3) illumination
Strawberry light, but also low light tolerance.Long-day facilitates pollen development, thus under condition license can appropriate light filling, especially
It uses facility high-level cultivating, and layer frame is cultivated in lower part, and often illumination is insufficient.Long-day item is created using lamp lighting in production
Part and heat preservation artificially inhibit strawberry to enter dormant state, promote vine growth and development.100 watts of incandescent lamp 25-30 are needed per acre
It is a, it is ensured that more than 20 lux of minimal illumination.The lighting since at sunset about illuminates 5-6 hour, so that sunshine is long daily
Degree extends to 16 hours, while guaranteeing minimum 5-6 DEG C of night temperature.
(4) plant manages
It, should be in time from petiole base when strawberry lower blade is horizontal and starts to turn yellow withered in the season of growth
Portion's removal accelerates plant strain growth, and the propagation of less pathogen with sharp ventilation and penetrating light.General every plant of strawberry has 3-4 inflorescence,
Each inflorescence has 10-30 flower, and each inflorescence stays fruit 3-5.It is dredged early in squaring period and goes to high level small bud or strain clump lower part
The weak inflorescence of pumping can save nutrient, increase fruit body, concentrate picking time.
(5) prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control
The main disease of strawberry has powdery mildew, anthracnose, gray mold, leaf spot, root rot etc. and Bemisia tabaci, red spider
Spider, aphid, cutworm etc..The prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control follows the principle of " putting prevention first, integrated control ", formulates " strawberry common disease and pest
Prevention and treatment and nutritional deficiency administer prediction scheme ", the green prevention and controls measures such as cultural control, physical control, biological control are preferentially selected, are made when necessary
With the safety pesticide of low toxicity and low residue.
Cultural control
Resistant kind is selected, sick leaf, old leaf, diseased plant is extractd in time, centrally disposes (hole or packed), carries out field cleaning
Work reduces germ, pest source；Nurturing staff, reinforcement cultivation management, balance fertilizing etc., carry out healthy and strong cultivation, improve plant and resist
Property.Scientific Regulation environment selects suitable temperature and humidity, mitigates disease.
Physical control
Using insecticidal lamp, yellow plate (trapping aphid)/backboard (trapping thrips), gyplure (trapping prodenia litura), fly net,
Pest is walked quickly and kept away in the trappings such as silver gray Double-color film/barrier/.Using colour table trapping (above strawberry 50 centimetres or so extension Huang plate
Or backboard, 60 pieces per acre)；Insecticidal lamp traps and kills (one insecticidal lamp of every 20-30 mus of suspension): (in greenhouse ventilation, leak informaton fly net mouth
Place sets fly net, is preferred with red, prevents the pests such as thrips, aphid from moving into and endangers strawberry in canopy)；(strawberry is in the ranks for smell repellent
The plants such as green onion, garlic are planted, 10 plants~20 plants is planted every 5 meters~10 meters, utilizes green onion, the smell pest of garlic) etc..
Biological control
Using " controlling worm with worm ", " using predatory mite to control pest mites " technology.Aphid early period of origination prevents and treats strawberry aphid using harmonia axyridia.Make
Used time, by 200/mu~400/mu harmonia axyridia ovum card is suspended on strawberry proper site.
Tetranychid is prevented and treated using 13 bottles~20 bottles small new neoseiulus californicus per acre.In use, spread fertilizer over the fields on Strawberry Leaves when walking,
The control of every plant of dosage can (or every leaf have soybean grain size amount) in the amount of a small soupspoon.Wheat bran or sawdust can also be mixed
After spread fertilizer over the fields.
Facilities environment regulation
Temperature: after greenhouse epiphragma, 30 DEG C or so are maintained at daytime, night is maintained at 10 DEG C or more；Poppyhead sequence Post flowering is white
It is maintained at 20 DEG C~25 DEG C, and night is maintained at 5 DEG C or more.
Humidity: by adjusting the switch and size of canopy door and two sides ventilation opening, and to take off canopy film in lid relatively wet to control
Degree, makes it below 80%.Ventilation is drained after rain in time.The covering of the garden Peng Neiquan prevents the evaporation of ground moisture from increasing air wet
Degree.
Supplement carbon dioxide: when the fine day sun just comes out, carbon dioxide has the call, and should add to 500-
1000ppm makes the photosynthesis of Strawberry Leaves reach maximum, is conducive to coloring, produces high-quality strawberry.
Cleanly production: cleanly production mode mainly for avoiding fruit from being evaporated by microbial contamination and furrow ditch moisture,
Humidity in canopy is reduced, the full garden soverlay technique that disease occurs and takes in the phase of yielding positive results is mitigated.Using 1.5 meters wide of unregistered land film
Or Double-color film spreads furrow face and ditch, after bearing fruit, upper white net is padded on furrow ditch floor file cloth, furrow both sides.Both wet down is kept the temperature, the hair of disease is reduced
It is raw, and beautified greenhouse-environment, be conducive to strawberry and go sightseeing to pick.
Water, fertilizer are stored in liquid storing barrel after being compounded into nutrient solution, match with water-fertilizer integral device and be applied, water of the invention
Fertile integrated apparatus is accomplished " four is fixed ": timing, quantitative, fixed square, fixed fertilizer.
It is periodically and quantitative: to be completed by watch-dog timer, the artificial interval time designing liquid manure and applying；It is quantitatively logical
The volume and timer setting for crossing liquid storing barrel are matched every time applies the time, by water pump and liquid-transport pipe-line, quantitatively conveys nutrient solution to grass
In the matrix at certain kind of berries root system position.
Fixed side and fixed fertilizer: requirement is applied by nutrient solution, the type and concentration of fertilizer is artificially set using, is configured to liquid manure one
The nutrient solution of body reaches the Ec value and pH value of setting, is placed in liquid storing barrel.
Subregion irrigation control valve is also set up in water-fertilizer integral device, a control valve controls a panel region, carries out area
Block irrigation control management.
The foregoing is merely the specific implementation cases of the invention patent, but the technical characteristic of the invention patent is not limited to
This, within the field of the present invention, made changes or modifications all cover of the invention special any those skilled in the relevant art
Among sharp range.
Claims (6)
1. a kind of suspension slot type substrate culture system, which is characterized in that planted including liquid manure integrated device, by several single suspension types
The training slot culture apparatus assembled and the cultivation matrix being placed in hanging cultivation slot；Wherein single hanging cultivation slot packet
It includes:
A pair of of stand type support and a pair of of the transverse support bar for being parallel to each other and being located in the same horizontal plane, the both ends of transverse support bar
It is fixed respectively with corresponding stand type support, the transverse support bar is that hollow tube and bottom are equipped with and open along hollow tube is axially extending
Mouthful；
And arc planting groove, two opposite sides of arc planting groove are connected with the opening of corresponding transverse support bar respectively, institute
The Asperity model shape that the groove body of arc planting groove is interspersed in recessed portion and lug boss is stated, recessed portion bottom opens up ventilative/draining
Hole, the recessed portion and lug boss are uniformly distributed and overlap；The width of the opening is less than the depressions or protrusions of groove body
The thickness in portion；
Water-fertilizer integral device includes sequentially connected nutrient solution liquid storing barrel, water pump, filter, nutrition pipeline and trickle irrigation
Pipe, the drip irrigation pipe are distributed at the top of the cultivation matrix in arc planting groove.
2. hanging slot type substrate culture system according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the end of the transverse support bar is set
There is the connection sheet that transversely support rod axis extends, opens up in the connection sheet for bolted through-hole.
3. according to claim 1 hang slot type substrate culture system, which is characterized in that the transverse support bar both ends with it is right
It is detachably connected between the stand type support answered.
4. hanging slot type substrate culture system according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the water-fertilizer integral device also wraps
Include the watch-dog timer for controlling the water pump.
5. hanging slot type substrate culture system according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the cultivation matrix is embedded with electricity
Heating apparatus.
6. a kind of suspension slot type substrate culture method, which is characterized in that using suspension slot type substrate culture as described in claim 1
System includes the following steps:
(1) cultivation matrix is placed in hanging cultivation slot, embedding electricity heating line in cultivation matrix, plants farming in cultivation matrix
Object, drip irrigation pipe are placed in cultivation matrix top surface；
(2) in the production estimation period, the nutrient solution in liquid storing barrel is by water pump, nutrition pipeline and drip irrigation pipe in process control
Under the control of timer, trickle irrigation at regular time and quantity is into cultivation matrix；The crops are strawberry, melon and fruit or vegetables；The cultivation
Training matrix is made of the following raw material:
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| SU1014537A1 (en) * | 1981-08-20 | 1983-04-30 | Агрофизический научно-исследовательский институт | Device for growing plants in protected ground |
| CN2515939Y (en) * | 2001-10-11 | 2002-10-16 | 贺先文 | Suspension planting cultivating device |
| CN1860845A (en) * | 2005-05-08 | 2006-11-15 | 陈建 | Equipment for growing plants |
| CN204518764U (en) * | 2015-04-07 | 2015-08-05 | 北京中农美景温室工程技术有限公司 | Substrate culture system |
| CN205454893U (en) * | 2016-04-06 | 2016-08-17 | 昆明西谷机电技术有限公司 | Realize integrability cultivation device of perpendicular cultivation of plant |
| CN205584875U (en) * | 2016-03-02 | 2016-09-21 | 西北农林科技大学 | Cultivation groove based on phase change material keeps warm |
| CN205813078U (en) * | 2016-07-04 | 2016-12-21 | 上海孙桥溢佳农业技术股份有限公司 | A kind of sliceable slot type matrix culture device |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| SU1014537A1 (en) * | 1981-08-20 | 1983-04-30 | Агрофизический научно-исследовательский институт | Device for growing plants in protected ground |
| CN2515939Y (en) * | 2001-10-11 | 2002-10-16 | 贺先文 | Suspension planting cultivating device |
| CN1860845A (en) * | 2005-05-08 | 2006-11-15 | 陈建 | Equipment for growing plants |
| CN204518764U (en) * | 2015-04-07 | 2015-08-05 | 北京中农美景温室工程技术有限公司 | Substrate culture system |
| CN205584875U (en) * | 2016-03-02 | 2016-09-21 | 西北农林科技大学 | Cultivation groove based on phase change material keeps warm |
| CN205454893U (en) * | 2016-04-06 | 2016-08-17 | 昆明西谷机电技术有限公司 | Realize integrability cultivation device of perpendicular cultivation of plant |
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