CN107724762A - The viscous and difunctional damper of friction energy-dissipating - Google Patents
The viscous and difunctional damper of friction energy-dissipating Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN107724762A CN107724762A CN201711113658.3A CN201711113658A CN107724762A CN 107724762 A CN107724762 A CN 107724762A CN 201711113658 A CN201711113658 A CN 201711113658A CN 107724762 A CN107724762 A CN 107724762A
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- damper
- viscous
- damping cavity
- valve group
- difunctional
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- 238000013016 damping Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 80
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 208000002925 dental caries Diseases 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 238000002955 isolation Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 7
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000033001 locomotion Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 description 2
- UPLPHRJJTCUQAY-WIRWPRASSA-N 2,3-thioepoxy madol Chemical compound C([C@@H]1CC2)[C@@H]3S[C@@H]3C[C@]1(C)[C@@H]1[C@@H]2[C@@H]2CC[C@](C)(O)[C@@]2(C)CC1 UPLPHRJJTCUQAY-WIRWPRASSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000006096 absorbing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003139 buffering effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003292 glue Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04H—BUILDINGS OR LIKE STRUCTURES FOR PARTICULAR PURPOSES; SWIMMING OR SPLASH BATHS OR POOLS; MASTS; FENCING; TENTS OR CANOPIES, IN GENERAL
- E04H9/00—Buildings, groups of buildings or shelters adapted to withstand or provide protection against abnormal external influences, e.g. war-like action, earthquake or extreme climate
- E04H9/02—Buildings, groups of buildings or shelters adapted to withstand or provide protection against abnormal external influences, e.g. war-like action, earthquake or extreme climate withstanding earthquake or sinking of ground
- E04H9/021—Bearing, supporting or connecting constructions specially adapted for such buildings
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04H—BUILDINGS OR LIKE STRUCTURES FOR PARTICULAR PURPOSES; SWIMMING OR SPLASH BATHS OR POOLS; MASTS; FENCING; TENTS OR CANOPIES, IN GENERAL
- E04H9/00—Buildings, groups of buildings or shelters adapted to withstand or provide protection against abnormal external influences, e.g. war-like action, earthquake or extreme climate
- E04H9/02—Buildings, groups of buildings or shelters adapted to withstand or provide protection against abnormal external influences, e.g. war-like action, earthquake or extreme climate withstanding earthquake or sinking of ground
- E04H9/021—Bearing, supporting or connecting constructions specially adapted for such buildings
- E04H9/0235—Anti-seismic devices with hydraulic or pneumatic damping
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Architecture (AREA)
- Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
- Emergency Management (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Vibration Prevention Devices (AREA)
- Fluid-Damping Devices (AREA)
Abstract
The present invention discloses the viscous and difunctional damper of friction energy-dissipating, and it includes：Damper body, it includes：The internal cavity of cylinder barrel is separated into the first damping cavity and the second damping cavity by cylinder barrel and the piston being arranged in cylinder barrel, the piston, and viscous damping liquid is filled with the first damping cavity and the second damping cavity；First valve group, it is arranged at the first liquid mouth position of the first damping cavity, for adjusting the internal pressure of the first damping cavity；Second valve group, it is arranged at the second liquid mouth position of the second damping cavity, for adjusting the internal pressure of the second damping cavity；Switch valve group, by switching pipeline connection between the first liquid mouth and the second liquid mouth, switching valve group is arranged on switching pipeline, and switching valve group switches the connection situation of the first damping cavity and the second damping cavity by controlling the conducting situation of switching pipeline.The present invention is simple in construction, bearing capacity is big, easy for installation, as a kind of seismic isolation device of function admirable, can be widely applied to bridge and building field.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to building structure to subtract technical field of isolation, is related to a kind of vibration absorber for suppressing structural vibration, specifically
It is related to a kind of viscous and difunctional damper of friction energy-dissipating.
Background technology
The common viscous damper applied at present, it is mainly made up of piston, piston rod, cylinder body and sealing, and piston is relative
Moved reciprocatingly vertically in cylinder body, piston is provided with some apertures or appropriate radial clearance is left between cylinder body, and piston will
Oil cylinder internal cavity is divided into two damping chambers, the higher viscous liquid of viscosity is full of in damping cavity room, when piston is relative to oil
Cylinder move when, the liquid being enclosed within the damping cavity room of compression side is squeezed, pressure rise, between piston and cylinder body between
Gap or aperture flow to another damping chamber, and the pressure differential between two chambers is formed to piston movement resistance, acting, mechanical energy is turned
Heat energy is turned to, so as to reach the purpose for absorbing outside energy, therefore can be widely applied to damping, buffering, the occasion of power consumption.But
It is that when viscous damper meets with the accident conditionses such as overload, can usually be caused later period maintenance by very havoc or change number
Measure that more, cost is higher；In addition, conventional viscous damper single can only realize its viscous damper characteristic, can not be in implementation
During carry out friction damper characteristic switching, can not even more realize.
Therefore, it is badly in need of providing a kind of new achievable viscous and two kinds of damping characteristics of friction and conversion can be realized at any time
Damper.
The content of the invention
In order to solve the above-mentioned technical problem, the present invention proposes the viscous and difunctional damper of friction energy-dissipating, the letter of its structure
List, bearing capacity are big, easy for installation, as a kind of seismic isolation device of function admirable, can be widely applied to bridge and building field.
In order to achieve the above object, technical scheme is as follows：
The viscous and difunctional damper of friction energy-dissipating, including：Damper body, it includes：Cylinder barrel and it is arranged at cylinder barrel
The internal cavity of cylinder barrel is separated into the first damping cavity and the second damping cavity by interior piston, the piston, in the first damping cavity and
Viscous damping liquid is filled with two damping cavities；The viscous and difunctional damper of friction energy-dissipating also includes：First valve group, it is arranged at
First liquid mouth position of the first damping cavity, for adjusting the internal pressure of the first damping cavity；Second valve group, it is arranged at the second resistance
Second liquid mouth position of Buddhist nun's chamber, for adjusting the internal pressure of the second damping cavity；Switch valve group, the first liquid mouth and the second liquid mouth it
Between by switch pipeline connect, switching valve group be arranged at switching pipeline on, switching valve group pass through control switching pipeline conducting feelings
Condition switches the connection situation of the first damping cavity and the second damping cavity.
A kind of viscous and difunctional damper of friction energy-dissipating of the invention, in the first liquid mouth of damper body cylinder barrel and second
The first valve group and the second valve group is respectively configured in liquid mouth.
In the state of switching valve group is closed, by adjusting the internal pressure of the first damping cavity and the inside of the second damping cavity
Pressure, to control pressure difference between two chambers, and the resistance of piston movement is formed with this, does work, mechanical energy is converted into heat energy,
So as to reach the purpose for absorbing outside energy, friction damper characteristic is realized.
In the state of switching valve group is opened, the first damping cavity company of realization under switching pipeline effect with the second damping cavity
Logical, the viscous damping liquid of filling realizes viscous damping property in the first damping cavity and the second damping cavity.
On the basis of above-mentioned technical proposal, following improvement can be also done：
As preferable scheme, the first damping cavity and the second damping cavity are not connected in cylinder barrel.
Using above-mentioned preferable scheme, viscous and two kinds of damping characteristics of friction conversion can be effectively realized.And can be effective
Piston damping hole or gap are avoided because the control of machining accuracy is so as to the adverse effect brought to damperparameters.
As preferable scheme, it is attached between the first valve group and the second valve group by two connecting pipes.
Using above-mentioned preferable scheme, a connecting pipe oil-feed, a connecting pipe oil return, it, which is connected, meets hydraulic pressure original
Reason figure requires.
As preferable scheme, two connecting pipes are in cross-distribution or horizontal distribution.
Using above-mentioned preferable scheme, connection meets hydraulic schematic diagram requirement, and the overall structure of damper is more compact.
As preferable scheme, switching valve group is electric control reversing valve.
Using above-mentioned preferable scheme, logical closed by automatically controlled, it is possible to achieve switch the convenient control of valve group.
As preferable scheme, the first valve group and the second valve group include respectively：Check valve and pressure valve.
Using above-mentioned preferable scheme, damper tonnage is adjustable, i.e., damper ton can be achieved by the adjustment to pressure valve
The adjustment of position.
As preferable scheme, pressure valve is electromagnetic type pressure valve.
Using above-mentioned preferable scheme, it can save and change to valve oil road, make its structure compacter, and effectively reduce system
Make cost.
As preferable scheme, piston includes：Piston only and the elastic layer for being arranged at piston only surface, elastic layer
Surface and inner wall of cylinder can Frictional Slipping；
The cavity filled with gas is provided with the inside of elastic layer, bullet is adjusted by adjusting the content of the sky intracavity gas
The size of property layer.
Using above-mentioned preferable scheme, the size of elastic layer is adjusted by adjusting the content of empty intracavity gas, so as to adjust
Frictional force between whole elastic layer and inner wall of cylinder.
As preferable scheme, multiple not connected multiple cavitys, multiple cavity distributions are provided with the inside of elastic layer
In the different zones of elastic layer.
Using above-mentioned preferable scheme, the frictional force of elastic layer different zones is conveniently adjusted.
As preferable scheme, there are the sliding recess or slide protrusion of shaped form in the surface distributed of elastic layer, in cylinder barrel
Inwall on be provided with corresponding to raised or groove.
Using above-mentioned preferable scheme, during piston activity, the sliding recess or slide protrusion of setting can be with one
The slip for making piston for determining degree carries certain rotary torsion, increases the frictional force of elastic layer and inner wall of cylinder.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the provided in an embodiment of the present invention viscous and front view of the difunctional damper of friction energy-dissipating.
Fig. 2 is the provided in an embodiment of the present invention viscous and top view of the difunctional damper of friction energy-dissipating.
Fig. 3 is the provided in an embodiment of the present invention viscous and difunctional dampener hydraulic schematic diagram of friction energy-dissipating.
Fig. 4 is the structural representation of piston provided in an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 5 is the sectional view of piston provided in an embodiment of the present invention.
Wherein：Damper body 1, cylinder barrel 11, piston 12, piston only 121, elastic layer 122, the first valve group 2, check valve
21st, pressure valve 22, the second valve group 3, check valve 31, pressure valve 32, switching valve group 4, switching pipeline 5, connecting pipe 6, slip are recessed
Groove 7.
Embodiment
The preferred embodiment that the invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
It is viscous with some of embodiments of the difunctional damper of friction energy-dissipating in order to reach the purpose of the present invention, glue
The stagnant and difunctional damper of friction energy-dissipating includes：
As Figure 1-3, damper body 1, it includes：Cylinder barrel 11 and the piston 12 being arranged in cylinder barrel 11, the work
The internal cavity of cylinder barrel 11 is separated into the first damping cavity and the second damping cavity by plug 12, in the first damping cavity and the second damping cavity
Filled with viscous damping liquid, the first damping cavity and the second damping cavity are not connected in cylinder barrel 11.；
First valve group 2, it is arranged at the first liquid mouth position of the first damping cavity, for adjusting the inside pressure of the first damping cavity
Power；
Second valve group 3, it is arranged at the second liquid mouth position of the second damping cavity, for adjusting the inside pressure of the second damping cavity
Power；
Switch valve group 4, connected between the first liquid mouth and the second liquid mouth by switching pipeline 5, switching valve group 4 is arranged at switching
On pipeline 5, switching valve group 4 switches the company of the first damping cavity and the second damping cavity by controlling the conducting situation of switching pipeline 5
Understanding and considerate condition.
The of the invention a kind of viscous and difunctional damper of friction energy-dissipating, in the first liquid mouth of damper body cylinder barrel 11 and the
The first valve group 2 and the second valve group 3 is respectively configured in two liquid mouths, and its course of work is as follows.
In the state of switching valve group 4 is closed, in the internal pressure and the second damping cavity by adjusting the first damping cavity
Portion's pressure, to control pressure difference between two chambers, and the resistance of the motion of piston 12 is formed with this, acting, mechanical energy is converted into
Heat energy, so as to reach the purpose for absorbing outside energy, realize friction damper characteristic.
In the state of switching valve group 4 is opened, the first damping cavity company of realization in the case where switching pipeline 5 acts on the second damping cavity
Logical, the viscous damping liquid of filling realizes viscous damping property in the first damping cavity and the second damping cavity.
Switching pipeline 5 can be realized in the present embodiment using hard tube.
The invention has the advantages that：
First, the viscous and difunctional damper of friction energy-dissipating of the invention, its is simple in construction, bearing capacity is big, easy for installation, makees
For a kind of seismic isolation device of function admirable, bridge and building field can be widely applied to.
The second, the first damping cavity and the second damping cavity are not connected in cylinder barrel 11, it is possible to prevente effectively from piston damping hole
Or gap is because the control of machining accuracy is so as to the adverse effect brought to damperparameters.
3rd, the pressure differential between chamber is control effectively by the first external valve group 2 with the second valve group 3, more square
The regulation for the pressure differential being easy to implement between two chambers, adjustability by force and conveniently, realize effective adjustment to damper tonnage.
4th, by the adjustment to the first valve group 2 and the second valve group 3, the output of asymmetric damping power can be achieved.
5th, between the first damping cavity and the second damping cavity outside cylinder body, and associated is realized by switching pipeline 5
Connect, can more easily realize the related assembling of damper., can be viscous more convenient for realizing by the control to switching valve group 4
Conversion between damping characteristic and friction damper characteristic.
In order to further optimize the implementation result of the present invention, in other embodiment, remaining feature technology phase
Together, difference is, is attached between the first valve group 2 and the second valve group 3 by two connecting pipes 6.Connecting pipe 6 exists
It can be realized in the present embodiment using hard tube.
Hydraulic pressure is met using above-mentioned preferable scheme, an oil-feed of connecting pipe 6, an oil return of connecting pipe 6, its connection
Schematic diagram requirement.
Further, two connecting pipes 6 are in cross-distribution.
Using above-mentioned preferable scheme, connection meets hydraulic schematic diagram requirement, and the overall structure of damper is more compact.When
So, two connecting pipes 6 can also be in horizontal distribution, be adjusted according to the particular location of hydraulic fluid port.
In order to further optimize the implementation result of the present invention, in other embodiment, remaining feature technology phase
Together, difference is, switching valve group 4 is electric control reversing valve.
Using above-mentioned preferable scheme, logical closed by automatically controlled, it is possible to achieve the convenient control of switching valve group 4.
In order to further optimize the implementation result of the present invention, in other embodiment, remaining feature technology phase
Together, difference is, the first valve group 2 includes check valve 21 and pressure valve 22, and the second valve group 3 includes respectively：The He of check valve 31
Pressure valve 32.
Using above-mentioned preferable scheme, damper tonnage is adjustable, i.e., damper ton can be achieved by the adjustment to pressure valve
The adjustment of position.
Further, pressure valve is electromagnetic type pressure valve.
Using above-mentioned preferable scheme, it can save and change to valve oil road, make its structure compacter, and effectively reduce system
Make cost.
In order to further optimize the implementation result of the present invention, in other embodiment, remaining feature technology phase
Together, difference is, the first valve group 2 bag and the second valve group 3 select hydraulic valve in the system, and hydraulic valve selects the shape of guiding valve
Formula.
Using above-mentioned preferable scheme, install and connect more convenient, performance is more stable.
In order to further optimize the implementation result of the present invention, in other embodiment, remaining feature technology phase
Together, difference is, the first valve group 2 bag and the second valve group 3 select hydraulic valve in the system, and hydraulic valve is using inserted valve
Form (screw-in cartridge valve or two-way plug-in valve).
Using above-mentioned preferable scheme, the integrated of hydraulic valve can be more easily realized, structure is compacter, assembling letter
It is single, and leakage point can be efficiently reduced.
As shown in Figures 4 and 5, in order to further optimize the implementation result of the present invention, in other embodiment, its
Remaining feature technology is identical, and difference is, piston 12 includes：Piston only 121 and it is arranged at the surface of piston only 121
Elastic layer 122, surface and the inwall of cylinder barrel 11 of elastic layer 122 can Frictional Slippings；
The cavity filled with gas is provided with the inside of elastic layer 122, is adjusted by adjusting the content of the sky intracavity gas
The size of whole elastic layer.
Using above-mentioned preferable scheme, the size of elastic layer is adjusted by adjusting the content of empty intracavity gas, so as to adjust
Frictional force between the whole inwall of elastic layer and cylinder barrel 11.
Further, multiple not connected multiple cavitys are provided with the inside of elastic layer 122, multiple cavitys are distributed in elasticity
The different zones of layer.
Using above-mentioned preferable scheme, the frictional force of the different zones of elastic layer 122 is conveniently adjusted.
Further, there is the sliding recess 7 of shaped form in the surface distributed of elastic layer 122, set on the inwall of cylinder barrel 11
There is corresponding projection.
Using above-mentioned preferable scheme, during the activity of piston 12, the sliding recess of setting can be with a certain degree of
The slip of piston 12 is set to carry certain rotary torsion, the frictional force of increase elastic layer 122 and the inwall of cylinder barrel 11.Wherein, in bullet
The slide protrusion of shaped form can also be distributed with the surface of property layer 122, and corresponding groove is provided with the inwall of cylinder barrel 11.
The above is only the preferred embodiment of the present invention, it is noted that for the person of ordinary skill of the art,
Without departing from the concept of the premise of the invention, various modifications and improvements can be made, these belong to the guarantor of the present invention
Protect scope.
Claims (10)
1. the viscous and difunctional damper of friction energy-dissipating, including：
Damper body, it includes：Cylinder barrel and the piston being arranged in the cylinder barrel, the piston is by the inner chamber of the cylinder barrel
Body is separated into the first damping cavity and the second damping cavity, and viscous damping is filled with first damping cavity and the second damping cavity
Liquid；
Characterized in that, the described viscous and difunctional damper of friction energy-dissipating also includes：
First valve group, it is arranged at the first liquid mouth position of first damping cavity, for adjusting in first damping cavity
Portion's pressure；
Second valve group, it is arranged at the second liquid mouth position of second damping cavity, for adjusting in second damping cavity
Portion's pressure；
Switch valve group, connected between the first liquid mouth and the second liquid mouth by switching pipeline, the switching valve group is set
In on the switching pipeline, the switching valve group switches first damping by controlling the conducting situation of the switching pipeline
The connection situation of chamber and second damping cavity.
2. the according to claim 1 viscous and difunctional damper of friction energy-dissipating, it is characterised in that first damping cavity
With second damping cavity in the cylinder barrel it is not connected.
3. the viscous and difunctional damper of friction energy-dissipating according to claim 2, it is characterised in that first valve group with
It is attached between second valve group by two connecting pipes.
4. the according to claim 3 viscous and difunctional damper of friction energy-dissipating, it is characterised in that two connecting tubes
Road is in cross-distribution or horizontal distribution.
5. the viscous and difunctional damper of friction energy-dissipating according to claim 4, it is characterised in that the switching valve group is
Electric control reversing valve.
6. the viscous and difunctional damper of friction energy-dissipating according to claim any one of 1-5, it is characterised in that described
One valve group and the second valve group include respectively：Check valve and pressure valve.
7. the according to claim 6 viscous and difunctional damper of friction energy-dissipating, it is characterised in that the pressure valve is electricity
Magnetic-type pressure valve.
8. the according to claim 7 viscous and difunctional damper of friction energy-dissipating, it is characterised in that the piston includes：
Piston only and the elastic layer for being arranged at the piston only surface, the surface of the elastic layer can rub with the inner wall of cylinder
Wipe smooth is moved；
The cavity filled with gas is provided with the inside of the elastic layer, by adjusting the content of the sky intracavity gas to adjust
State the size of elastic layer.
9. the according to claim 8 viscous and difunctional damper of friction energy-dissipating, it is characterised in that in the elastic layer
Inside is provided with multiple not connected multiple cavitys, and multiple cavitys are distributed in the different zones of the elastic layer.
10. the according to claim 9 viscous and difunctional damper of friction energy-dissipating, it is characterised in that in the elastic layer
Surface distributed have the sliding recess or slide protrusion of shaped form, be provided with the inwall of the cylinder barrel corresponding to it is raised or recessed
Groove.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201711113658.3A CN107724762A (en) | 2017-11-10 | 2017-11-10 | The viscous and difunctional damper of friction energy-dissipating |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201711113658.3A CN107724762A (en) | 2017-11-10 | 2017-11-10 | The viscous and difunctional damper of friction energy-dissipating |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN107724762A true CN107724762A (en) | 2018-02-23 |
Family
ID=61214560
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201711113658.3A Pending CN107724762A (en) | 2017-11-10 | 2017-11-10 | The viscous and difunctional damper of friction energy-dissipating |
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| Country | Link |
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| CN (1) | CN107724762A (en) |
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN110685370A (en) * | 2019-10-30 | 2020-01-14 | 株洲时代新材料科技股份有限公司 | Device for improving synchronism of viscous damper |
| CN113279322A (en) * | 2021-05-26 | 2021-08-20 | 山东高速工程检测有限公司 | Bridge vibration damping viscous damper made of metal |
| CN117822762A (en) * | 2024-02-05 | 2024-04-05 | 同济大学 | Composite viscous damper |
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| CN106989131A (en) * | 2017-04-10 | 2017-07-28 | 北京航空航天大学 | A kind of SMA point of big stroke of valve sleeve actively adjusts damper |
| CN107165969A (en) * | 2017-06-27 | 2017-09-15 | 武汉科技大学 | Screw piston bar granule damper |
| CN207499568U (en) * | 2017-11-10 | 2018-06-15 | 智性科技南通有限公司 | The viscous and difunctional damper of friction energy-dissipating |
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| JP2004036753A (en) * | 2002-07-03 | 2004-02-05 | Tomoe Giken:Kk | Hydraulic variable friction force damper |
| TW561216B (en) * | 2002-10-07 | 2003-11-11 | Chien-Yu Hou | A viscous fluid damper for engineering structures |
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| CN200981970Y (en) * | 2006-05-08 | 2007-11-28 | 丁美林 | Air type vibration reduction damper |
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Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN110685370A (en) * | 2019-10-30 | 2020-01-14 | 株洲时代新材料科技股份有限公司 | Device for improving synchronism of viscous damper |
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| CN113279322A (en) * | 2021-05-26 | 2021-08-20 | 山东高速工程检测有限公司 | Bridge vibration damping viscous damper made of metal |
| CN117822762A (en) * | 2024-02-05 | 2024-04-05 | 同济大学 | Composite viscous damper |
| CN117822762B (en) * | 2024-02-05 | 2025-09-05 | 同济大学 | Composite viscous damper |
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Application publication date: 20180223 |