CN107911051A - The startup method and start-up circuit of a kind of single-phase permanent-magnet synchronous motor - Google Patents
The startup method and start-up circuit of a kind of single-phase permanent-magnet synchronous motor Download PDFInfo
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- CN107911051A CN107911051A CN201810009964.0A CN201810009964A CN107911051A CN 107911051 A CN107911051 A CN 107911051A CN 201810009964 A CN201810009964 A CN 201810009964A CN 107911051 A CN107911051 A CN 107911051A
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- 230000001360 synchronised effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 58
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 29
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 230000002457 bidirectional effect Effects 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 230000006837 decompression Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 abstract description 5
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000001052 transient effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008450 motivation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000010363 phase shift Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000087 stabilizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
- H02P6/00—Arrangements for controlling synchronous motors or other dynamo-electric motors using electronic commutation dependent on the rotor position; Electronic commutators therefor
- H02P6/20—Arrangements for starting
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Control Of Ac Motors In General (AREA)
- Control Of Motors That Do Not Use Commutators (AREA)
Abstract
The startup method and start-up circuit of a kind of single-phase permanent-magnet synchronous motor, it is related to motor start-up technical field, it will be supplied by the symmetrical voltage of driving motor, motor is supplied after being changed into asymmetric exchange transient voltage, so that the magnetic field of motor produces transition and asymmetry, to obtain larger detent torque, so as to effectively utilize the inertia of rotor, realize the startup of one-way synchronization motor, profit can not change supply frequency in this way, in the case of not judging power supply power supply polarity, realize and single-phase permanent-magnet synchronous motor is started, this method and circuit can be used for the wind turbine of single-phase permanent-magnet synchronous motor driving, the bringing onto load of this load characteristic electric appliance such as drainage pump of washing machine starts.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to motor start-up technical field, more particularly to a kind of startup side of single-phase permanent-magnet synchronous motor
Method and start-up circuit.
Background technology
For single-phase permanent-magnet synchronous motor, realize motor startup drive when, initial start be one very
Scabrous problem.Because it is single phase poaer supply（That is alternating current）, its frequency fixes, and magnetic field cannot form phase angle, so it is difficult to obtaining
Initial start torque is obtained, therefore in the case of with load, motor can only be shaken, it is difficult to which synchronization is simultaneously run.
The startup and operation of conventional this motor, it is conventional to be driven using the frequency converter of bridge arm type, because frequency converter
Its output frequency can be changed, make it according to the actual speed of motor to control the corresponding frequency of output, it is synchronous to reach
Purpose.But the overall cost of synchronous motor can be greatly improved by so doing, and add its overall complexity.So in list
The stringent application scenario of body cost requirement hardly results in popularization and is used by client.
In view of above such case, this single-phase permanent-magnet synchronous motor, adds some mechanical structures in the application, comes
Solution is difficult to starting problem.That is, it needs to the inertial mechanism of a startup zero load, after motor obtains preliminary torque, load
It can just be applied on motor rotor, so as to drive motor rotation acting, this method is by existing single-phase permanent magnetic synchronous electricity
Institute of motivation water pump producer extensive use, but this mode is complicated, reliability is low, since rotor and impeller are left between startup
Gap, is allowed to the rotor in zero load and hits generation noise with impeller.
To sum up, for single-phase permanent-magnet synchronous motor, a kind of simple, reliable and of low cost drive how is realized
Dynamic circuit and method, it appears it is particularly important that.
The content of the invention
A kind of single-phase permanent-magnet synchronous motor is provided it is an object of the invention to avoid shortcoming of the prior art
Startup method and start-up circuit, the startup method and start-up circuit of the single-phase permanent-magnet synchronous motor can not change power supply frequency
In the case of rate, single-phase permanent-magnet synchronous motor startup is realized, single-phase permanent-magnet synchronous motor starts quick and easy, noise
It is small.
The purpose of the present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions：
A kind of startup method of single-phase permanent-magnet synchronous motor, including conversion step are provided：Symmetrical alternating current is changed into not
Motor is supplied after symmetrical alternating current.
Wherein, the transformation is to be cut the starting ripple of alternating current.
Wherein, the cutting process is：Judge the dead-center position of alternating current, start time delay A to handing in dead-center position
Galvanic electricity carries out copped wave, wherein, the time A is not more than 2 milliseconds, and the alternating current is alternating current.
Wherein, the copped wave is regularly intermittent copped wave.
Wherein, the regularly intermittent copped wave be specially the time A length alternately.
Wherein, the working status of motor is detected, the conversion step is performed when motor is not synchronous.
The present invention also provides a kind of start-up circuit of single-phase permanent-magnet synchronous motor, including for symmetrical alternating current to be turned
It is changed into supplying after asymmetric alternating current the conversion circuit of motor.
Wherein, the conversion circuit includes being used to be cut the starting ripple of alternating current to form asymmetric alternating current
Cutting circuit.
Wherein, the cutting circuit includes being used to judge synchronizing voltage generative circuit, the copped wave of the dead-center position of alternating current
Circuit and for control chopper circuit the dead-center position of alternating current start time delay A carry out copped wave microprocessor, wherein,
The time A is not more than 2 milliseconds, and the alternating current is alternating current.
Wherein, the synchronizing voltage generative circuit includes current limliting dropping resistor and the first clamp diode, and alternating current is successively
Enter microprocessor after current limliting reduction voltage circuit and clamp diode.
Wherein, the chopper circuit includes bidirectional triode thyristor, the first anode and second plate point of the bidirectional triode thyristor
The firewire of alternating current and the stator coil of motor are not connect, and the control pole of the bidirectional triode thyristor connects the microprocessor.
Wherein, the microprocessor control chopper circuit carries out alternating current regularly intermittent copped wave.
Wherein, the regularly intermittent copped wave be specially the time A length alternately.
Wherein, the motorrun state detection circuit being connected between motor and microprocessor is further included.
Wherein, the motorrun state detection circuit includes dropping resistor and the second clamp diode, chopper circuit
The voltage of output is connected to microprocessor through dropping resistor and clamp diode successively.
The startup method and start-up circuit of a kind of single-phase permanent-magnet synchronous motor of the present invention, symmetrical alternating current is changed
To supply motor after asymmetric alternating current, asymmetric exchange transition is changed into by the voltage of driving motor even if being supplied in
Motor is supplied after voltage, so that the magnetic field of motor produces transition and asymmetry, to obtain larger detent torque, from
And the inertia of rotor is effectively utilized, realize the startup of one-way synchronization motor, profit can not change with circuit in this way
Supply frequency, in the case of not judging power supply power supply polarity, realize and single-phase permanent-magnet synchronous motor started, single-phase permanent is same
Step motor start-up is quick and easy, noise is small, and this method and circuit can be used for the wind turbine of single-phase permanent-magnet synchronous motor driving, wash
The bringing onto load of this load characteristic electric appliance such as clothing machine draining pump starts.
Brief description of the drawings
Invention is described further using attached drawing, but the embodiment in attached drawing does not form any limitation of the invention,
For those of ordinary skill in the art, without creative efforts, it can also be obtained according to the following drawings
Its attached drawing.
Fig. 1 is a kind of circuit diagram of the start-up circuit of single-phase permanent-magnet synchronous motor of the present invention.
Fig. 2 be the present invention a kind of single-phase permanent-magnet synchronous motor start-up circuit copped wave before, in copped wave and after copped wave
Alternating current comparison of wave shape figure.
Fig. 3 is a kind of motorrun state when having load of the start-up circuit of single-phase permanent-magnet synchronous motor of the present invention
The synchronized oscillogram of detection circuit output.
Motorrun state is examined when Fig. 4 is a kind of zero load of the start-up circuit of single-phase permanent-magnet synchronous motor of the present invention
The oscillogram of slowdown monitoring circuit output.
Fig. 5 is a kind of motorrun state when having load of the start-up circuit of single-phase permanent-magnet synchronous motor of the present invention
The step-out of detection circuit output（I.e. motor does not rotate）Oscillogram.
Include in figure：
Chopper circuit 1,
Motorrun state detection circuit 2,
Conllinear power circuit 3,
Synchronizing signal generative circuit 4,
Input voltage detection circuit 5.
Embodiment
The invention will be further described with the following Examples.
A kind of startup method of single-phase permanent-magnet synchronous motor of the present embodiment, including conversion step：To symmetrically it exchange
Electricity supplies motor after being changed into asymmetric alternating current, is specifically cut the starting ripple of alternating current.
Cutting process is：Judge the dead-center position of alternating current, starting time delay A in dead-center position cuts alternating current
Ripple, wherein, the time A is not more than 2 milliseconds, and preferably method is that 0.5 millisecond of delay carries out copped wave and 2 milliseconds of delay is cut
Ripple both of these case alternately carries out, and the alternating current is alternating current.
By detecting the working status of motor when motor is not synchronous the asymmetric friendship can be provided for motor
Galvanic electricity, that is, asymmetric alternating current are supplied to motor to be started, and wait motor start-up to complete, that is, detect electronic
The working status of machine is synchronous, then is switched to symmetrical alternating current for motor, not have to thus judge zero point position again
Put and copped wave.Above-mentioned asymmetric waveform can also be used always, drives motor operation, can so reduce electrical-coil hair
Heat.Such method, can change according to the height of supply voltage, appropriate to adjust copped wave angle, make to be added in the electricity on motor
Pressure, does not increase with the increase of input voltage, makes the voltages keep constant on motor.
This method of the present embodiment need not judge the position of single-phase permanent-magnet synchronous motor rotor, it is not necessary to unidirectional pulse
Orientation encourages, without to being actuated for judging, need not judge that the position of p-m rotor can be achieved normally to start and run.
In the present embodiment, above method is come especially by a kind of start-up circuit of following single-phase permanent-magnet synchronous motor
Realize, which includes being used to for symmetrical alternating current to be changed into the conversion electricity for supplying motor after asymmetric alternating current
Road, the conversion circuit include being used to be cut in the starting ripple of alternating current to form the cutting electricity of asymmetric alternating current
Road.
Specifically, the cutting circuit includes motorrun state detection circuit 2, conllinear power circuit 3, for judging
The synchronizing signal generative circuit 4 of the dead-center position of alternating current, input voltage detection circuit 5, chopper circuit 1 and for controlling copped wave
Circuit starts the microprocessor IC1 of time delay A progress copped waves in the dead-center position of alternating current, wherein, the time A is not more than
2 milliseconds.The microprocessor IC1 control chopper circuits carry out alternating current regularly intermittent copped wave, when being specially described
Between A length alternately, preferably method be delay 0.5 millisecond carry out copped wave and delay 2 milliseconds progress copped wave both of these case
Alternately carry out.
As shown in Figure 1, the operation principle of the start-up circuit of the present embodiment is：
（1）Conllinear power circuit 3：By resistance R4, resistance R3, capacitance C2, capacitance C3, resistance R5, diode D3, diode D4 groups
Into.220V alternating currents after diode D3 rectifications, resistance R3 and resistance R4 decompression through diode D4 voltage stabilizings, then formed relative to
5 volts of DC voltages on direct current ground, are that bidirectional triode thyristor T1 and microprocessor IC1 powers.
（2）Synchronizing signal generative circuit 4：Synchronizing signal is shown in the TB waveforms in Fig. 2 to Fig. 5, and galvanic electricity is through current limliting dropping resistor
After the decompression of R7 and R6 current limlitings, believe through the clamped acquisitions of first clamp diode D5, D6 and 5 volts of square waves of input AC electricity same phase
Number, the benchmark for judging power supply signal is used as by B points supply microprocessor IC1.
（3）Motorrun state detection circuit 2：M is that permasyn morot, T1 are bidirectional triode thyristor（Thyristor）、
Dropping resistor R2, diode D1, diode D2（That is the second clamp diode）, capacitance C1 collectively constitute electric motor state detection
Circuit, microprocessor IC1 is connected to by A points.By the waveform for detecting A points, it can be determined that the operating status of motor.With drop
Piezoresistance R2 is connected to the anode of diode D1 and the cathode of diode D2, and this clamp circuit of composition, can obtain larger
The back-emf signal output of value signal is lied prostrate, is conducive to judgement of the microcontroller to electric motor state, the state of motor is included together
Step, step-out（It is i.e. not synchronous）And stall（I.e. motor can not rotate）Deng referring to the oscillogram of Fig. 3 to Fig. 5, Fig. 3 is has load
When motor synchronous waveform, the waveform of motor synchronous when Fig. 4 is zero load, Fig. 5 is that motor can not rotate when having load
The waveform come, waveform MT touch LE lines, and representing motor can not rotate.
（4）Chopper circuit 1：Including bidirectional triode thyristor T1, the first anode and second plate of bidirectional triode thyristor T1 connect respectively
The firewire of alternating current and the stator coil of permasyn morot M, the control pole of bidirectional triode thyristor T1 is through resistance R1（That is T points）Connect
To microprocessor IC1.Microprocessor IC1 judges the operating condition of motor, is lost if motor is according to the waveform of A points
Step state, then 5 volts of square waves that microprocessor ICA is sent by B points, judges the dead-center position of 5 volts of square waves, runs into zero point position
Put 0.5 millisecond of then delay controls bidirectional triode thyristor T1 conductings to carry out low-angle copped wave to alternating current by T points, and low-angle is cut for several times
After ripple, and 2 milliseconds of progress wide-angle copped waves of delay are changed to, successively alternately untill motor synchronous, referring to the ripple of Fig. 2
Shape figure.
Certainly, wide-angle copped wave also can be first carried out, then carries out low-angle copped wave, can as long as forming regular waveform
With.
（5）Start-up circuit in the present embodiment further includes input voltage detection circuit 5：Alternating current by dropping resistor R9 and
R10 is depressured, rectified diode D7, D8 rectifications, then the opposite magnitude of voltage of input voltage is obtained with resistance R11 partial pressures, passes through C
Point is sent to microprocessor IC1, for judging the analog value of the current voltage of supply motor to microprocessor IC1, if currently
Overtension, then microprocessor IC1 the current voltage is adjusted to suitable voltage, avoid overtension and burn out motor.
The startup method and start-up circuit of a kind of single-phase permanent-magnet synchronous motor of the present embodiment, will be symmetrical by copped wave
Alternating current supplies motor after being changed into asymmetric alternating current so that be supplied in be changed into by the voltage of driving motor it is not right
This conversion circuit of motor is supplied after the exchange transient voltage of title, so that the magnetic field of motor produces transition and not right
Claim, to obtain larger detent torque, so as to effectively utilize the inertia of rotor, realize the startup of one-way synchronization motor, profit
With control copped wave angle（That is time delay A, can also cry phase shift）To change the method for driving torque, allow drive signal it is artificial
, there is dead band in specific position, and the dead band controlled can reduce synchronous repulsion, and two above method can increase the used of rotor
Property, the inertia of rotor can be effectively utilized, realizes the startup of one-way synchronization motor, the situation of supply frequency can not changed
Under, single-phase permanent-magnet synchronous motor startup is realized, noise is small when single-phase permanent-magnet synchronous motor starts.
This method and circuit can be used for this loads such as the wind turbine of single-phase permanent-magnet synchronous motor driving, drainage pump of washing machine
The bringing onto load of characteristic electric appliance starts.
Finally it should be noted that the above embodiments are merely illustrative of the technical solutions of the present invention, rather than the present invention is protected
The limitation of scope is protected, although being explained with reference to preferred embodiment to the present invention, those of ordinary skill in the art should
Work as understanding, can be to technical scheme technical scheme is modified or replaced equivalently, without departing from the reality of technical solution of the present invention
Matter and scope.
Claims (15)
1. a kind of startup method of single-phase permanent-magnet synchronous motor, it is characterised in that：Including conversion step：By symmetrical alternating current
Motor is supplied after being changed into asymmetric alternating current.
A kind of 2. startup method of single-phase permanent-magnet synchronous motor as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that：The transformation is
The starting ripple of alternating current is subjected to part cutting.
A kind of 3. startup method of single-phase permanent-magnet synchronous motor as claimed in claim 2, it is characterised in that：The cutting side
Method is：Judge the dead-center position of alternating current, start time delay A in dead-center position carries out copped wave to alternating current, wherein, when described
Between A be not more than 2 milliseconds, the alternating current is alternating current.
A kind of 4. startup method of single-phase permanent-magnet synchronous motor as claimed in claim 3, it is characterised in that：The copped wave is
Regularly intermittent copped wave.
A kind of 5. startup method of single-phase permanent-magnet synchronous motor as claimed in claim 4, it is characterised in that：It is described regular
Ground intermittence copped wave be specially the time A length alternately.
A kind of 6. startup method of single-phase permanent-magnet synchronous motor as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that：Detect motor
Working status, perform the conversion step when motor is not synchronous.
A kind of 7. start-up circuit of single-phase permanent-magnet synchronous motor, it is characterised in that：Including for symmetrical alternating current to be changed
To supply the conversion circuit of motor after asymmetric alternating current.
A kind of 8. start-up circuit of single-phase permanent-magnet synchronous motor as claimed in claim 7, it is characterised in that：The conversion electricity
Road includes being used to be cut the starting ripple of alternating current to form the cutting circuit of asymmetric alternating current.
A kind of 9. start-up circuit of single-phase permanent-magnet synchronous motor as claimed in claim 8, it is characterised in that：The cutting electricity
Road includes being used to judge the synchronizing voltage generative circuit of the dead-center position of alternating current, chopper circuit and for controlling chopper circuit to exist
The dead-center position of alternating current starts the microprocessor that time delay A carries out copped wave, wherein, the time A is not more than 2 milliseconds, institute
It is alternating current to state alternating current.
A kind of 10. start-up circuit of single-phase permanent-magnet synchronous motor as claimed in claim 9, it is characterised in that：The synchronization
Generative circuit includes current limliting dropping resistor and the first clamp diode, and alternating current is successively through current limliting reduction voltage circuit and clamp diode
Enter microprocessor afterwards.
A kind of 11. start-up circuit of single-phase permanent-magnet synchronous motor as claimed in claim 9, it is characterised in that：The copped wave
Circuit includes bidirectional triode thyristor, and the first anode and second plate of the bidirectional triode thyristor connect the firewire of alternating current and electronic respectively
The stator coil of machine, the control pole of the bidirectional triode thyristor connect the microprocessor.
A kind of 12. start-up circuit of single-phase permanent-magnet synchronous motor as claimed in claim 9, it is characterised in that：Micro- place
Manage device control chopper circuit and regularly intermittent copped wave is carried out to alternating current.
A kind of 13. start-up circuit of single-phase permanent-magnet synchronous motor as claimed in claim 12, it is characterised in that：It is described to have rule
The intermittent copped wave in rule ground be specially the time A length alternately.
A kind of 14. start-up circuit of single-phase permanent-magnet synchronous motor as claimed in claim 9, it is characterised in that：Further include and connect
Motorrun state detection circuit between motor and microprocessor.
A kind of 15. start-up circuit of single-phase permanent-magnet synchronous motor as claimed in claim 14, it is characterised in that：It is described electronic
Machine operating condition detection circuit includes dropping resistor and the second clamp diode, and the voltage of chopper circuit output is successively through decompression electricity
Resistance and clamp diode are connected to microprocessor.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201810009964.0A CN107911051B (en) | 2018-01-05 | 2018-01-05 | Starting method and starting circuit of single-phase permanent magnet synchronous motor |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201810009964.0A CN107911051B (en) | 2018-01-05 | 2018-01-05 | Starting method and starting circuit of single-phase permanent magnet synchronous motor |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
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| CN107911051A true CN107911051A (en) | 2018-04-13 |
| CN107911051B CN107911051B (en) | 2024-02-23 |
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| CN201810009964.0A Active CN107911051B (en) | 2018-01-05 | 2018-01-05 | Starting method and starting circuit of single-phase permanent magnet synchronous motor |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN115993530A (en) * | 2023-01-10 | 2023-04-21 | 中车株洲电机有限公司 | Separation Method of Iron Loss and Mechanical Loss of Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor Started by Variable Frequency |
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| US5481171A (en) * | 1994-02-07 | 1996-01-02 | James River Corporation Of Virginia | Method and apparatus for symmetrical current starting of polyphase induction motors |
| JPH08191593A (en) * | 1995-01-09 | 1996-07-23 | Hitachi Ltd | Electric motor control device and electric vacuum cleaner using the control device |
| US6239563B1 (en) * | 1997-01-21 | 2001-05-29 | Wunnibald Kunz | Electronic starting and operating control system for a single-phase synchronous motor with a permanent magnetic rotor, also in case of failure |
| JP2004336851A (en) * | 2003-05-01 | 2004-11-25 | Nidec Shibaura Corp | Drive unit for single-phase ac synchronous motor |
| JP2008029115A (en) * | 2006-07-21 | 2008-02-07 | Japan Servo Co Ltd | Single-phase position sensorless permanent magnet motor controller |
| US20080174262A1 (en) * | 2007-01-23 | 2008-07-24 | Moteurs Leroy-Somer | Method of powering a single-phase electric motor and a power supply system for implementing such a method |
| CN201409107Y (en) * | 2009-03-12 | 2010-02-17 | 敬石桥 | AC motor control circuit and AC synchronous water pump |
| CN202301063U (en) * | 2011-06-30 | 2012-07-04 | 深圳市钜泰泵业有限公司 | Directional-operating alternating current permanent magnet synchronous water pump |
| CN207664901U (en) * | 2018-01-05 | 2018-07-27 | 无锡好力泵业有限公司 | A kind of start-up circuit of single-phase permanent-magnet synchronous motor |
-
2018
- 2018-01-05 CN CN201810009964.0A patent/CN107911051B/en active Active
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5481171A (en) * | 1994-02-07 | 1996-01-02 | James River Corporation Of Virginia | Method and apparatus for symmetrical current starting of polyphase induction motors |
| JPH08191593A (en) * | 1995-01-09 | 1996-07-23 | Hitachi Ltd | Electric motor control device and electric vacuum cleaner using the control device |
| US6239563B1 (en) * | 1997-01-21 | 2001-05-29 | Wunnibald Kunz | Electronic starting and operating control system for a single-phase synchronous motor with a permanent magnetic rotor, also in case of failure |
| JP2004336851A (en) * | 2003-05-01 | 2004-11-25 | Nidec Shibaura Corp | Drive unit for single-phase ac synchronous motor |
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| CN115993530A (en) * | 2023-01-10 | 2023-04-21 | 中车株洲电机有限公司 | Separation Method of Iron Loss and Mechanical Loss of Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor Started by Variable Frequency |
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| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN107911051B (en) | 2024-02-23 |
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