CN108048922A - A kind of environmental-friendly preparation method of not figured type polypropylene superfine fiber - Google Patents
A kind of environmental-friendly preparation method of not figured type polypropylene superfine fiber Download PDFInfo
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- CN108048922A CN108048922A CN201711415323.7A CN201711415323A CN108048922A CN 108048922 A CN108048922 A CN 108048922A CN 201711415323 A CN201711415323 A CN 201711415323A CN 108048922 A CN108048922 A CN 108048922A
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- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 67
- -1 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 title claims abstract description 50
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 46
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 title claims abstract description 46
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 16
- 229920002635 polyurethane Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 50
- 239000004814 polyurethane Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 50
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 42
- 238000009987 spinning Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 claims abstract 2
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 229920003225 polyurethane elastomer Polymers 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 206010061592 cardiac fibrillation Diseases 0.000 claims 2
- 230000002600 fibrillogenic effect Effects 0.000 claims 2
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 229920001410 Microfiber Polymers 0.000 abstract description 24
- 239000003658 microfiber Substances 0.000 abstract description 17
- 239000002649 leather substitute Substances 0.000 abstract description 8
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 abstract description 7
- 238000003912 environmental pollution Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000011946 reduction process Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000009940 knitting Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000005416 organic matter Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000013585 weight reducing agent Substances 0.000 description 14
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 9
- 229920000728 polyester Polymers 0.000 description 8
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 8
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000004372 Polyvinyl alcohol Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229920002451 polyvinyl alcohol Polymers 0.000 description 5
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 4
- 125000003178 carboxy group Chemical group [H]OC(*)=O 0.000 description 4
- 238000002788 crimping Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000007062 hydrolysis Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000006460 hydrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 229920000098 polyolefin Polymers 0.000 description 4
- UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1 UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229920002292 Nylon 6 Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000004721 Polyphenylene oxide Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229920000747 poly(lactic acid) Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 229920000570 polyether Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000004626 polylactic acid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000004677 Nylon Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000002074 melt spinning Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229920001778 nylon Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 238000005299 abrasion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005202 decontamination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003588 decontaminative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005238 degreasing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- XNGIFLGASWRNHJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L phthalate(2-) Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1C([O-])=O XNGIFLGASWRNHJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229920001083 polybutene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000139 polyethylene terephthalate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000005020 polyethylene terephthalate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008685 targeting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 231100000331 toxic Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000002588 toxic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004580 weight loss Effects 0.000 description 1
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
- D01D—MECHANICAL METHODS OR APPARATUS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS
- D01D5/00—Formation of filaments, threads, or the like
- D01D5/08—Melt spinning methods
- D01D5/098—Melt spinning methods with simultaneous stretching
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
- D01D—MECHANICAL METHODS OR APPARATUS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS
- D01D5/00—Formation of filaments, threads, or the like
- D01D5/28—Formation of filaments, threads, or the like while mixing different spinning solutions or melts during the spinning operation; Spinnerette packs therefor
- D01D5/30—Conjugate filaments; Spinnerette packs therefor
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
- D01F—CHEMICAL FEATURES IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF CARBON FILAMENTS
- D01F13/00—Recovery of starting material, waste material or solvents during the manufacture of artificial filaments or the like
- D01F13/04—Recovery of starting material, waste material or solvents during the manufacture of artificial filaments or the like of synthetic polymers
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
- D01F—CHEMICAL FEATURES IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF CARBON FILAMENTS
- D01F8/00—Conjugated, i.e. bi- or multicomponent, artificial filaments or the like; Manufacture thereof
- D01F8/04—Conjugated, i.e. bi- or multicomponent, artificial filaments or the like; Manufacture thereof from synthetic polymers
- D01F8/06—Conjugated, i.e. bi- or multicomponent, artificial filaments or the like; Manufacture thereof from synthetic polymers with at least one polyolefin as constituent
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
- D01F—CHEMICAL FEATURES IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF CARBON FILAMENTS
- D01F8/00—Conjugated, i.e. bi- or multicomponent, artificial filaments or the like; Manufacture thereof
- D01F8/04—Conjugated, i.e. bi- or multicomponent, artificial filaments or the like; Manufacture thereof from synthetic polymers
- D01F8/16—Conjugated, i.e. bi- or multicomponent, artificial filaments or the like; Manufacture thereof from synthetic polymers with at least one other macromolecular compound obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds as constituent
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
- Y02P70/50—Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product
- Y02P70/62—Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product related technologies for production or treatment of textile or flexible materials or products thereof, including footwear
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Abstract
一种不定岛型聚丙烯超细纤维的环境友好制备方法，通过将聚丙烯和水溶性可控的聚氨酯螺杆共混、熔融、挤出纺丝制备以水溶性可控的聚氨酯为海、聚丙烯为岛的不定岛型海岛纤维；调控海组分聚氨酯为水溶，则可将海组分减量制得聚丙烯超细纤维；将减量水中的聚氨酯调控为不水溶，则可将减量水中的聚氨酯沉淀回收，制备过程环境友好。所制得的超细纤维可广泛用于合成革、针织等行业。与现有技术相比，本发明增加了不定岛型超细纤维的环境友好制备方法，可克服目前不定岛型海岛纤维减量过程中有机物排放造成的环境污染及资源浪费。An environment-friendly preparation method of indeterminate island type polypropylene microfiber, by blending polypropylene and water-soluble controllable polyurethane screw, melting, extruding and spinning to prepare water-soluble controllable polyurethane as the sea, polypropylene The indeterminate island-type sea-island fiber is an island; if the sea component polyurethane is adjusted to be water-soluble, the polypropylene microfiber can be obtained by reducing the sea component; if the polyurethane in the reduced water is adjusted to be water-insoluble, the reduced water can be made The polyurethane precipitation is recycled, and the preparation process is environmentally friendly. The prepared superfine fiber can be widely used in synthetic leather, knitting and other industries. Compared with the prior art, the present invention adds an environmentally friendly preparation method of indeterminate-island superfine fibers, which can overcome the environmental pollution and waste of resources caused by the discharge of organic matter in the current indeterminate-island sea-island fiber reduction process.
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明涉及差别化纤维领域，特别是指一种不定岛型聚丙烯超细纤维的环境友好制备方法。The invention relates to the field of differentiated fibers, in particular to an environmentally friendly preparation method of indeterminate island type polypropylene superfine fibers.
背景技术Background technique
超细纤维通常指纤度0.3旦（直径0.5微米）以下的纤维，具有保暖舒适性、防水透气性、过滤性、去油去污性等特点，广泛应用针织、合成革、电子器件加工等行业。尤其国内超细纤维合成革的产量巨大，在国民经济中占有重要的地位。Microfibers usually refer to fibers with a denier of 0.3 denier (diameter 0.5 microns), which have the characteristics of warmth retention, comfort, waterproof and air permeability, filterability, degreasing and decontamination, and are widely used in knitting, synthetic leather, electronic device processing and other industries. In particular, the output of domestic microfiber synthetic leather is huge and occupies an important position in the national economy.
加工超细纤维的方法有多种，海岛法是目前极为重要的一种，尤其海岛型超细纤维用于合成革时，具有几乎不可替代的优势：海组分被减量后留下的空隙，使岛组分与聚氨酯之间产生“离型”效果，能极大提升超细纤维合成革的蓬松感、柔软性、撕裂强度、透气透湿等性能。There are many ways to process microfibers, and the sea-island method is an extremely important one at present, especially when the sea-island microfibers are used in synthetic leather, they have almost irreplaceable advantages: the voids left after the sea components are reduced , so that there is a "release" effect between the island component and the polyurethane, which can greatly improve the bulkiness, softness, tear strength, breathability and moisture permeability of the microfiber synthetic leather.
目前，海岛纤维的减量方式主要分为两种：甲苯减量和碱减量，甲苯减量是使用甲苯作溶剂将纤维中的海组分聚乙烯（PE）溶出开纤而成为超细纤维；碱减量是在碱液中将海组分聚酯（PET）或改性聚酯（CO-PET）水解洗出而开纤成为超细纤维。苯减量虽然在相对密闭的环境中进行，但减量及聚乙烯回收过程仍然会有大量甲苯（85-150g/1kg纤维）挥发，造成严重污染及资源浪费；碱减量后涤纶水解成为对苯二甲酸盐和乙二醇，不易回收和高附加值利用，直接排放亦造成严重的环境污染和资源浪费。At present, the reduction methods of sea-island fibers are mainly divided into two types: toluene reduction and alkali reduction. Toluene reduction is to use toluene as a solvent to dissolve the sea component polyethylene (PE) in the fiber and open the fiber to become ultrafine fibers. ; Alkali weight reduction is to hydrolyze and wash out the sea component polyester (PET) or modified polyester (CO-PET) in the lye and open the fibers into ultrafine fibers. Although benzene reduction is carried out in a relatively closed environment, a large amount of toluene (85-150g/1kg fiber) will still volatilize during the reduction and polyethylene recovery process, causing serious pollution and waste of resources; after alkali reduction, polyester is hydrolyzed and becomes Phthalate and ethylene glycol are not easy to recycle and use with high added value, and direct discharge also causes serious environmental pollution and waste of resources.
专利ZL03121512.2、ZL201010554602.3、ZL200410013813.0提出使用聚乳酸或聚乙烯醇作为海组分，聚乳酸作为海组分减量时是聚乳酸水解、降解，对环境影响不大，但造成资源浪费；聚乙烯醇易吸水，接触水分会发粘，不利于纺丝工艺，并且聚乙烯醇的熔融温度与分解温度很接近，因此聚乙烯醇不适合用于熔融纺丝：相关人员也在针对聚乙烯醇用于熔融纺丝方面进行大量研究工作，但均未取得突破。Patents ZL03121512.2, ZL201010554602.3, and ZL200410013813.0 propose to use polylactic acid or polyvinyl alcohol as the sea component. When polylactic acid is used as the sea component, polylactic acid is hydrolyzed and degraded, which has little impact on the environment, but causes resource pollution. Waste; polyvinyl alcohol is easy to absorb water, and it will become sticky when exposed to moisture, which is not conducive to the spinning process, and the melting temperature of polyvinyl alcohol is very close to the decomposition temperature, so polyvinyl alcohol is not suitable for melt spinning: relevant personnel are also targeting A lot of research work has been done on the use of polyvinyl alcohol in melt spinning, but no breakthrough has been made.
专利：ZL201510604060.9公开了一种以水可溶聚氨酯弹性体为海的海岛纤维：以水可溶聚氨酯弹性体为海、以尼龙6为岛通过复合纺丝方式制备了海岛纤维，即定岛型超细纤维。以尼龙6或聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯（PET）为岛组分通过复合纺丝方式制备定岛型超细纤维，可解决定岛型超细纤维减量过程造成的环境污染及资源浪费问题，但不能通过共混方式制备不定岛型超细纤维，限制了其应用范围；使用尼龙或聚酯成本较高，并且纺丝过程温度较高、能耗高；使用尼龙制备的超细纤维不耐酸、使用聚酯制备的超细纤维不耐碱。Patent: ZL201510604060.9 discloses a sea-island fiber with water-soluble polyurethane elastomer as the sea: the sea-island fiber is prepared by composite spinning with water-soluble polyurethane elastomer as the sea and nylon 6 as the island, that is, fixed island type microfiber. Using nylon 6 or polyethylene terephthalate (PET) as the island component to prepare island-fixed ultrafine fibers by composite spinning can solve the environmental pollution and resources caused by the island-fixed ultrafine fiber reduction process Waste problem, but indeterminate island superfine fiber cannot be prepared by blending, which limits its application range; the cost of using nylon or polyester is high, and the spinning process temperature is high and energy consumption is high; superfine fibers prepared by using nylon The fiber is not resistant to acid, and the microfiber made of polyester is not resistant to alkali.
因此，目前不定岛型超细纤维的生产技术，在减量过程中会存在有毒有害的有机物排放造成环境污染或（和）资源浪费。在目前约80%的超细纤维合成革采用不定岛型超细纤维的情况下，不利于超细纤维合成革产业的可持续发展，也不利于超细纤维产业的可持续发展。Therefore, in the current production technology of indeterminate island microfibers, there will be toxic and harmful organic matter emissions during the reduction process, which will cause environmental pollution or (and) waste of resources. At present, about 80% of microfiber synthetic leather uses indeterminate island microfibers, which is not conducive to the sustainable development of the microfiber synthetic leather industry, nor is it conducive to the sustainable development of the microfiber industry.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本发明的主要目的在于克服现有技术的缺点，提供一种不定岛型聚丙烯超细纤维的环境友好的制备方法，所制备的不定岛型海岛纤维可在温和条件下减量及在温和条件下回收海组分，制备过程能耗低、环境友好，制备的超细纤维成本低、耐磨性好、吸湿排汗作用明显、对酸和碱抵抗性能好的特性；同时可以使用该不定岛纤维的海、岛组分材料，通过调整设备及工艺进行定岛纤维的纺丝。该不定岛型超细纤维可广泛用于合成革、针织等行业。The main purpose of the present invention is to overcome the shortcomings of the prior art, to provide an environmentally friendly preparation method of indeterminate island type polypropylene superfine fiber, the prepared indeterminate island type sea-island fiber can be reduced under mild conditions and can Recycling sea components, the preparation process has low energy consumption and is environmentally friendly, and the prepared microfibers are low in cost, good in wear resistance, obvious in moisture absorption and perspiration, and good in acid and alkali resistance; at the same time, the adventitious island can be used The sea and island component materials of the fiber are spun by adjusting the equipment and process. The indeterminate island superfine fiber can be widely used in industries such as synthetic leather and knitting.
本发明采用如下的技术方案：The present invention adopts following technical scheme:
通过将聚烯烃高聚物和水溶性可控的聚氨酯螺杆共混、熔融、挤出纺丝制得以水溶性可控的聚氨酯为海、聚烯烃为岛的不定岛型海岛纤维，聚烯烃高聚物可以是聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚丁烯，考虑到聚烯烃的熔融温度及纤维的使用温度，优选使用聚丙烯；调控海组分聚氨酯为水溶，将海组分减量制得聚丙烯超细纤维；将减量水中的聚氨酯调控为不水溶，则可将减量水中的聚氨酯沉淀回收，制备过程环境友好，具体通过如下步骤制备：Polyolefin high polymer and water-soluble controllable polyurethane screws are blended, melted, extruded and spun to prepare indefinite island sea-island fibers with water-soluble controllable polyurethane as sea and polyolefin as islands. Polyolefin high polymer The material can be polyethylene, polypropylene, polybutene. Considering the melting temperature of polyolefin and the use temperature of fibers, polypropylene is preferably used; the sea component polyurethane is adjusted to be water-soluble, and the sea component is reduced to obtain polypropylene super fine fibers; if the polyurethane in the weight reduction water is regulated to be insoluble in water, the polyurethane in the weight reduction water can be precipitated and recovered, and the preparation process is environmentally friendly, and the preparation is specifically carried out through the following steps:
a.将聚丙烯与水溶性可控的聚氨酯以（45-60）：（55-40）的重量比初步混合，然后送入单螺杆挤出机进一步共混、熔融，随后经计量泵送入纺丝组件进行纺丝、牵伸、卷曲、干燥调湿、裁断制得以水溶性可控的聚氨酯为海、聚丙烯为岛的不定岛型海岛纤维；其中，水溶性可控的聚氨酯为：分子中含有潜在亲水基团羧基的聚氨酯弹性体，其在纺丝过程中不溶于水及pH值为2-5的条件下不溶于水、在pH值为9-11的条件下溶于水；螺杆挤出机温度为：（40、100、120、180、200、230、230）℃±25℃、计量泵及纺丝组件温度为：230℃±25℃，在纺丝温度下聚丙烯与水溶性可控的聚氨酯的熔融粘度比为（3-9）:1；a. Preliminarily mix polypropylene and water-soluble controllable polyurethane at a weight ratio of (45-60): (55-40), then send them into a single-screw extruder for further blending and melting, and then send them into the Spinning, drafting, crimping, drying and humidity control, and cutting of the spinning components are used to produce indeterminate island-type sea-island fibers with controllable water-solubility polyurethane as the sea and polypropylene as islands; among them, the controllable water-solubility polyurethane is: molecule A polyurethane elastomer containing a carboxyl group with a potential hydrophilic group, which is insoluble in water during the spinning process and insoluble in water at a pH value of 2-5, and soluble in water at a pH value of 9-11; The temperature of the screw extruder is: (40, 100, 120, 180, 200, 230, 230) °C ± 25 °C, the temperature of the metering pump and spinning components is: 230 °C ± 25 °C, at the spinning temperature, polypropylene and The melt viscosity ratio of water-soluble and controllable polyurethane is (3-9):1;
b.将水溶性可控的聚氨酯为海、聚丙烯为岛的不定岛型海岛纤维置于pH值为9-11、温度为40-90℃的水中进行20-40分钟的海岛纤维减量、开纤，然后将开纤后的纤维用水洗至中性得到聚丙烯超细纤维，收集减量水；b. Place the indeterminate island-type sea-island fiber with water-soluble controllable polyurethane as the sea and polypropylene as the island in water with a pH value of 9-11 and a temperature of 40-90°C for 20-40 minutes to reduce the weight of the sea-island fiber, Open the fiber, then wash the fiber after opening to neutrality to obtain polypropylene microfibers, and collect weight loss water;
c.将减量水的pH值调整为2-5，沉淀并过滤出水溶性可控的聚氨酯。c. Adjust the pH value of the reduced water to 2-5, precipitate and filter out the polyurethane with controllable water solubility.
聚丙烯的熔融温度为165-175℃，水溶性可控的聚氨酯的熔融温度为135-165℃。The melting temperature of polypropylene is 165-175°C, and the melting temperature of water-soluble controllable polyurethane is 135-165°C.
水溶性可控的聚氨酯为聚醚型、耐酸碱水解型聚氨酯弹性体。The polyurethane with controllable water solubility is a polyether type, acid and alkali hydrolysis-resistant polyurethane elastomer.
纺丝组件喷丝板的孔数为2000-50000孔。The number of holes in the spinning assembly spinneret is 2000-50000 holes.
减量水的pH值调整为2-5为使用盐酸和硫酸中的1种或其组合对pH值调整。Adjusting the pH value of the reduced water to 2-5 is to use one of hydrochloric acid and sulfuric acid or a combination thereof to adjust the pH value.
通过调整设备及工艺，可以使用该不定岛纤维的海、岛组分材料进行相应的定岛型海岛纤维的纺丝。By adjusting the equipment and process, the sea and island component materials of the indeterminate island fiber can be used to spin the corresponding fixed island type sea-island fiber.
由上述对本发明的描述可知，与现有技术相比，本发明具有如下有益效果：As can be seen from the above description of the present invention, compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:
1、本发明不定岛型聚丙烯超细纤维的制备方法环境友好：通过调整环境的酸碱性来改变海组分聚氨酯弹性体的水溶性，达到不定岛型海岛纤维的减量、海组分的回收，过程中无有机物排放，不造成环境污染；纤维减量过程、海组分回收过程不对海组分水可溶聚氨酯弹性体的分子主链造成破坏，回收后可以再次利用，不造成资源浪费。1. The preparation method of the indeterminate island type polypropylene ultrafine fiber of the present invention is environmentally friendly: the water solubility of the sea component polyurethane elastomer is changed by adjusting the acidity and alkalinity of the environment, so as to achieve the reduction of the indeterminate island type sea island fiber and the sea component The recovery process has no organic emissions and does not cause environmental pollution; the fiber reduction process and the sea component recovery process do not damage the molecular main chain of the sea component water-soluble polyurethane elastomer, and can be reused after recycling without causing resource pollution. waste.
2、本发明制备的聚丙烯超细纤维，耐磨性好，芯吸能力强、吸湿排汗作用明显，尤其对酸和碱抵抗性能好。2. The polypropylene superfine fiber prepared by the present invention has good abrasion resistance, strong wicking ability, obvious moisture absorption and perspiration effect, and especially good resistance to acid and alkali.
3、本发明使用聚丙烯为岛组分，可以在较低的温度条件下进行纺丝，可以降低纺丝能耗。3. The present invention uses polypropylene as the island component, which can be spun at a lower temperature and can reduce spinning energy consumption.
4、本发明使用聚丙烯为岛组分，对比使用尼龙6或PET制备的超细纤维成本低。4. In the present invention, polypropylene is used as the island component, and the cost is lower than that of ultrafine fibers prepared by nylon 6 or PET.
5、本发明可使用现有海岛混合纺丝设备进行生产，可为超细纤维行业可持续发展提供方案。5. The present invention can use existing sea-island hybrid spinning equipment for production, and can provide a solution for the sustainable development of the ultrafine fiber industry.
6、可以使用本发明的海、岛组分材料进行相应的定岛型海岛纤维的纺丝。6. The sea-island component material of the present invention can be used to spin corresponding island-fixed sea-island fibers.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
下面通过实施例对本发明进行具体描述，有必要在此指出的是以下实施例只是用于对本发明进行进一步的说明，不能理解为对本发明保护范围的限制，该领域的技术熟练人员可以根据上述本发明的内容做出一些非本质的改进和调整，仍属于本发明的保护范围。The present invention is described in detail by the following examples, it is necessary to point out that the following examples are only used to further illustrate the present invention, and can not be interpreted as limiting the protection scope of the present invention, those skilled in the art can according to the above-mentioned present invention The contents of the invention make some non-essential improvements and adjustments, which still belong to the protection scope of the present invention.
实施例一：Embodiment one:
将熔融温度为165-167℃聚丙烯与含有潜在亲水基团羧基的聚醚型、耐酸碱水解型、熔融温度为145-147℃的水溶性可控的聚氨酯以50：50的重量比初步混合，然后送入单螺杆挤出机在（40、100、120、180、200、230、230）℃±3℃的温度下进一步共混、熔融，随后经230℃±3℃的计量泵送入喷丝板的孔数为42000孔的纺丝组件进行纺丝、牵伸、卷曲、干燥调湿、裁断制得以水溶性可控的聚氨酯为海、聚丙烯为岛的不定岛型海岛纤维；在纺丝温度230℃的条件下聚丙烯与水溶性可控的聚氨酯的熔融粘度比为4.6:1；Polypropylene with a melting temperature of 165-167°C and polyether type, acid and alkali hydrolysis-resistant type, and water-soluble controllable polyurethane with a melting temperature of 145-147°C containing latent hydrophilic carboxyl groups in a weight ratio of 50:50 Preliminary mixing, then sent to a single-screw extruder for further blending and melting at a temperature of (40, 100, 120, 180, 200, 230, 230) °C ± 3 °C, and then passed through a metering pump at 230 °C ± 3 °C The spinning assembly with 42,000 holes sent to the spinneret is used for spinning, drafting, crimping, drying and humidity control, and cutting to produce indeterminate island-type sea-island fibers with water-soluble controllable polyurethane as the sea and polypropylene as the island. ;The melt viscosity ratio of polypropylene and water-soluble controllable polyurethane is 4.6:1 under the condition of spinning temperature of 230°C;
将水溶性可控的聚氨酯为海、聚丙烯为岛的不定岛型海岛纤维置于pH值为10、温度为85℃的水中进行30分钟的减量、开纤，然后将开纤后的纤维用水洗至中性得到聚丙烯超细纤维，收集减量水；Put water-soluble and controllable polyurethane as sea and polypropylene as islands indeterminate island-type sea-island fibers in water with a pH value of 10 and a temperature of 85°C for 30 minutes of weight reduction and fiber opening, and then the fiber-opened fibers Wash with water until neutral to obtain polypropylene microfibers, and collect decremented water;
使用盐酸将减量水的pH值调整为4，沉淀并过滤出水溶性可控的聚氨酯。The pH of the reduced water was adjusted to 4 using hydrochloric acid, and the water-soluble controllable polyurethane was precipitated and filtered.
所制得海岛纤维的减量率为99.3%，减量水中聚氨酯的回收率为99.2%。The weight reduction rate of the obtained sea-island fiber is 99.3%, and the recovery rate of polyurethane in weight reduction water is 99.2%.
实施例二：Embodiment two:
将熔融温度为169-170℃聚丙烯与含有潜在亲水基团羧基的聚醚型、耐酸碱水解型、熔融温度为139-140℃的水溶性可控的聚氨酯以45：55的重量比初步混合，然后送入单螺杆挤出机在（40、100、120、180、210、240、240）℃±5℃的温度下进一步共混、熔融，随后经240℃±5℃的计量泵送入喷丝板的孔数为3000孔的纺丝组件进行纺丝、牵伸、卷曲、干燥调湿、裁断制得以水溶性可控的聚氨酯为海、聚丙烯为岛的不定岛型海岛纤维；在纺丝温度240℃的条件下聚丙烯与水溶性可控的聚氨酯的熔融粘度比为4.2:1；Polypropylene with a melting temperature of 169-170°C and polyether type, acid and alkali hydrolysis-resistant type, and water-soluble controllable polyurethane with a melting temperature of 139-140°C containing latent hydrophilic carboxyl groups are used in a weight ratio of 45:55 Preliminary mixing, then sent to a single-screw extruder for further blending and melting at a temperature of (40, 100, 120, 180, 210, 240, 240) °C ± 5 °C, and then passed through a metering pump at 240 °C ± 5 °C The spinneret with 3000 holes is sent to the spinneret for spinning, drafting, crimping, drying and humidity control, and cutting to produce indeterminate island-type sea-island fibers with water-soluble controllable polyurethane as the sea and polypropylene as the island. ;The melt viscosity ratio of polypropylene and water-soluble controllable polyurethane is 4.2:1 under the condition of spinning temperature of 240°C;
将水溶性可控的聚氨酯为海、聚丙烯为岛的不定岛型海岛纤维置于pH值为11、温度为85℃的水中进行20分钟的海岛纤维减量、开纤，然后将开纤后的纤维用水洗至中性得到聚丙烯超细纤维，收集减量水；Put water-soluble and controllable polyurethane sea-islands and polypropylene-islands indeterminate island-type sea-island fibers in water with a pH value of 11 and a temperature of 85°C for 20 minutes of sea-island fiber weight reduction and fiber opening, and then the fiber-opened The fiber is washed with water to neutrality to obtain polypropylene superfine fiber, and the weight reduction water is collected;
使用硫酸将减量水的pH值调整为2，沉淀并过滤出水溶性可控的聚氨酯。The pH of the reduced water was adjusted to 2 using sulfuric acid, and the water-soluble controllable polyurethane was precipitated and filtered.
所制得海岛纤维的减量率为99.3%，减量水中聚氨酯的回收率为99.5%。The weight reduction rate of the obtained sea-island fiber is 99.3%, and the recovery rate of polyurethane in weight reduction water is 99.5%.
实施例三：Embodiment three:
将熔融温度为170-171℃的聚丙烯与含有潜在亲水基团羧基的聚醚型、耐酸碱水解型、熔融温度为145-146℃的水溶性可控的聚氨酯以55：45的重量比初步混合，然后送入单螺杆挤出机在（40、100、120、180、200、220、220）℃±5℃的温度下进一步共混、熔融，随后经225℃±5℃的计量泵送入喷丝板的孔数为40000孔的纺丝组件进行纺丝、牵伸、卷曲、干燥调湿、裁断制得以水溶性可控的聚氨酯为海、聚丙烯为岛的不定岛型海岛纤维；在纺丝温度220℃的条件下聚丙烯与水溶性可控的聚氨酯的熔融粘度比为5.1:1；Polypropylene with a melting temperature of 170-171°C and polyether-type, acid-base hydrolysis-resistant, and water-soluble controllable polyurethane with a melting temperature of 145-146°C containing latent hydrophilic carboxyl groups in a weight ratio of 55:45 Preliminary mixing, then sent to a single-screw extruder for further blending and melting at a temperature of (40, 100, 120, 180, 200, 220, 220) °C ± 5 °C, and then measured at 225 °C ± 5 °C The spinning assembly with 40,000 holes is pumped into the spinneret for spinning, drafting, crimping, drying and humidity control, and cutting to make indeterminate islands with water-soluble and controllable polyurethane as the sea and polypropylene as the island. Fiber; the melt viscosity ratio of polypropylene to water-soluble controllable polyurethane is 5.1:1 at a spinning temperature of 220°C;
将水溶性可控的聚氨酯为海、聚丙烯为岛的不定岛型海岛纤维置于pH值为10.5、温度为50℃的水中进行40分钟的海岛纤维减量、开纤，然后将开纤后的纤维用水洗至中性得到聚丙烯超细纤维，收集减量水；Put water-soluble and controllable polyurethane sea-islands and polypropylene-islands indeterminate island-type sea-island fibers in water with a pH value of 10.5 and a temperature of 50°C for 40 minutes of sea-island fiber weight reduction and fiber opening, and then the fiber-opened The fiber is washed with water to neutrality to obtain polypropylene superfine fiber, and the weight reduction water is collected;
使用硫酸将减量水的pH值调整为2.5，沉淀并过滤出水溶性可控的聚氨酯。The pH of the reduced water was adjusted to 2.5 using sulfuric acid, and the water-soluble controllable polyurethane was precipitated and filtered.
所制得海岛纤维的减量率为99.0%，减量水中聚氨酯的回收率为99.2%。The weight reduction rate of the obtained sea-island fiber is 99.0%, and the recovery rate of polyurethane in weight reduction water is 99.2%.
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