CN108168221B - A vacuum freeze-drying device and a method for vacuum freeze-drying materials - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of vacuum freeze-drying, in particular to a vacuum freeze-drying device and a method for vacuum freeze-drying materials using the vacuum freeze-drying device. The vacuum freeze-drying device includes a vacuum box, which is provided with a partition bracket, a refrigerant inlet and collection pipe, a refrigerant outlet collection pipe, a heat medium inlet collection pipe, a heat medium outlet collection pipe, and no less than one heat exchange layer. The exchange layer includes a single-layer heat medium coil, a single-layer refrigerant coil, and a single-layer panel. The single-layer heat The refrigerant coil is fitted and fixed on one side of the single-layer panel. The refrigerant and heat medium in the present invention go through different pipelines, so that multiple freezer vacuum drying chambers can use common refrigerant and heat medium even at different process nodes. At the same time, when cooling and heating are switched, the refrigerant or The heat medium can be recycled to the general refrigerant storage tank or heat medium storage tank through the respective coils to save energy.

Description

A vacuum freeze-drying device and a method for vacuum freeze-drying materials

technical field

The invention relates to the technical field of vacuum freeze-drying, in particular to a vacuum freeze-drying device. The present invention also relates to a method for vacuum freeze-drying materials by using the vacuum freeze-drying device.

Background technique

Vacuum freeze-drying, also known as sublimation drying, is based on the principle of freezing the material to turn the water contained in it into ice cubes, and then sublimating the ice cubes under vacuum to achieve the purpose of drying. Therefore, it can be seen that in addition to a certain degree of vacuum, the completion of vacuum freeze-drying also needs to control the temperature of the material at different time points.

At present, the interior of the vacuum freeze-drying box usually adopts a single-circuit coil structure, and only a single medium (such as silicone oil, heat transfer oil) can flow inside, and the temperature of the medium needs to be cooled or heated by the heat exchanger according to the process requirements, so that The following disadvantages usually occur in the medium and subsequent operation.

The same medium needs to change temperature repeatedly, the energy consumption is high, and the quality of the medium is reduced; the selectivity of the medium is very small, and silicone oil or heat transfer oil is often used. The specific heat of this type of medium is relatively small, only 40% or lower of water; silicone oil or Heat transfer oil has a small surface tension and is easy to leak from the machine; silicone oil or heat transfer oil has a large thermal expansion coefficient, which is prone to overpressure problems; silicone oil or heat transfer oil has poor lubricity and large flow resistance; silicone oil or heat transfer oil has certain hygroscopicity , After moisture absorption, the freezing point is lowered; the price of silicone oil or heat transfer oil is relatively expensive.

Therefore, how to solve the above-mentioned problems caused by using a single medium for vacuum freezing materials has become a technical problem to be solved urgently by those skilled in the art.

Contents of the invention

The first object of the present invention is to provide a vacuum freeze-drying device to solve the problems caused by using a single medium for vacuum freeze-drying materials.

The second object of the present invention is to provide a method for vacuum freeze-drying materials using the above-mentioned vacuum freeze-drying device.

In order to achieve the above-mentioned first object, the present invention provides a vacuum freeze-drying device, comprising a vacuum box, the vacuum box is provided with a partition support, a refrigerant inlet and collection pipe, a refrigerant outlet collection pipe, a heat medium inlet collection pipe, Heat medium outlet collecting pipe, no less than one heat exchange layer, the heat exchange layer includes single-layer heat medium coil, single-layer refrigerant coil, single-layer panel, the single-layer heat medium coil and the The single-layer refrigerant coils are arranged side by side and arranged in an S shape, and the single-layer heat medium coils are attached to the single-layer refrigerant coils and fixed on one side of the single-layer panel, and the single-layer panel is fixed on On the partition bracket; the heat medium inlet and the heat medium outlet of the single-layer heat medium coil are respectively connected to the heat medium inlet and outlet manifolds, and the refrigerant of the single-layer refrigerant coil The inlet and the refrigerant outlet are respectively connected to the refrigerant inlet collecting pipe and the refrigerant outlet collecting pipe.

Preferably, the heat medium inlet and the heat medium outlet of the single-layer heat medium coil are respectively connected to the heat medium inlet collecting pipe and the heat medium outlet collecting pipe through elbows; the refrigerant inlet of the single-layer refrigerant coil The refrigerant outlet and the refrigerant outlet are respectively connected to the refrigerant inlet collecting pipe and the refrigerant outlet collecting pipe through an elbow.

Preferably, the heat medium inlet of the single-layer heat medium coil and the refrigerant inlet of the single-layer refrigerant coil are vertically lower than the single-layer panel, and the heat medium outlet of the single-layer heat medium coil . The refrigerant outlet of the single-layer refrigerant coil is vertically higher than the single-layer panel.

Preferably, the heat medium inlet header, the heat medium outlet header, the refrigerant inlet header, and the refrigerant outlet header all extend horizontally to the outside of the vacuum box through elbows.

Preferably, the inlet position of the heat medium inlet collecting pipe is lower than the outlet position of the heat medium outlet collecting pipe in the vertical direction, and the inlet position of the refrigerant inlet collecting pipe is lower than the outlet position of the refrigerant outlet collecting pipe in the vertical direction. The outlet position of the tube.

Preferably, the vacuum box includes a vacuum box and a vacuum door, and the vacuum box and the vacuum door are connected by a double hinge structure.

Preferably, the vacuum box is provided with a manhole and no less than one vacuum suction pipe.

Preferably, both the vacuum box and the vacuum door include an inner plate and a reinforced rectangular tube, the reinforced rectangular tube is fixed on the inner plate, and the outside of the vacuum box and the vacuum door are covered with Insulation.

Preferably, the heating medium is hot water, and the cooling medium is calcium chloride brine.

In order to achieve the above-mentioned second purpose, the present invention provides a method for vacuum freeze-drying materials using the above-mentioned vacuum freeze-drying device, including:

Put the material to be dried on the single-layer board;

Inject refrigerant into the single-layer refrigerant coil through the refrigerant inlet and collection pipe, and the refrigerant enters the refrigerant outlet collection pipe through the single-layer refrigerant coil. After the temperature of the dry material reaches the preset freezing temperature, the reverse pump discharge the refrigerant in the single-layer refrigerant coil;

vacuumizing the vacuum box so that the vacuum degree in the vacuum box reaches a preset value;

Heat medium is injected into the single-layer heat medium coil through the heat medium inlet and collection pipe, and the heat medium enters the heat medium out of the heat medium coil through the single-layer heat medium coil to control the flow of the heat medium so that the drying The temperature of the material changes according to the preset temperature time change curve;

After the drying material is dried, reversely pump out the heat medium in the single-layer heat medium coil;

Inject refrigerant into the single-layer refrigerant coil through the refrigerant inlet and collection pipe, and the refrigerant enters the refrigerant outlet collection pipe through the single-layer refrigerant coil. After the temperature of the dry material cools to the preset cooling temperature, reverse Pump out the refrigerant in the single-layer refrigerant coil;

The vacuum in the vacuum box is returned to normal pressure, and the dried material is taken out.

The vacuum freeze-drying device and the method for vacuum freeze-drying materials provided by the present invention adopt the scheme of side-by-side design of the heat medium circulation circuit and the refrigerant circulation circuit, so that the vacuum drying device has the functions of cooling and heating, so that the refrigerant and heat medium are respectively in different The heat exchange in the circuit does not need to change the temperature of the refrigerant or heat medium. The choice of refrigerant and heat medium is relatively large. Even if multiple vacuum freeze-drying devices are in different process nodes, they can also use common refrigerant and heat medium; When cooling or heating is switched, the refrigerant and heat medium can be recycled to the refrigerant storage tank or heat medium storage tank through various coils to save energy.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of the front stereoscopic structure of a vacuum freeze-drying device provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

Fig. 2 is the schematic diagram of the rear stereoscopic structure of the vacuum freeze-drying device in Fig. 1;

Fig. 3 is the structural schematic diagram of partition support in Fig. 1;

Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the connection between the heat exchange layer and the heat medium inlet collecting pipe, the refrigerant inlet collecting pipe, the heat medium outlet collecting pipe, and the refrigerant outlet collecting pipe in Fig. 1;

Fig. 5 is a schematic structural view of the single-layer heat exchange layer in Fig. 1;

Fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of the working state distribution structure of multiple vacuum freeze-drying devices;

Among them, in Fig. 1-Fig. 6:

Vacuum box 1, vacuum door 2, heat exchange layer 3, vacuum exhaust pipe 4, single-layer heat medium coil 5, single-layer refrigerant coil 6, single-layer panel 7, heat medium inlet and collection pipe 8, heat medium outlet Collecting pipe 9, refrigerant inlet collecting pipe 10, refrigerant outlet collecting pipe 11, partition bracket 12, double hinge structure 13, manhole 14, elbow 15, elbow 16;

Vacuum freeze-drying device 100 , shared heater 200 , shared refrigerator 300 , shared vacuum pump 400 , shared refrigerant pipeline 500 , shared heat medium pipeline 600 , and shared vacuum pipeline 700 .

Detailed ways

In order to enable those skilled in the art to better understand the technical solutions of the present invention, the present invention will be further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

Please refer to Fig. 1-Fig. 5, Fig. 1 is the front three-dimensional structure schematic diagram of the vacuum freeze-drying device provided by an embodiment of the present invention; Fig. 2 is the back stereoscopic structure schematic diagram of the vacuum freeze-drying device in Fig. 1; Fig. 3 is Fig. 1 Schematic diagram of the structure of the middle partition bracket; Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of the connection between the heat exchange layer in Figure 1 and the heat medium inlet header, refrigerant inlet header, heat medium outlet header, and refrigerant outlet header; Schematic diagram of the structure of a single-layer heat exchange layer.

As shown in Figures 1-5, the vacuum freeze-drying device provided by the present invention includes a vacuum box, and the vacuum box can be a cube or a cuboid or other shapes; Pipe 10, refrigerant outlet collecting pipe 11, heat medium inlet collecting pipe 8, heat medium outlet collecting pipe 9, and no less than one layer of heat exchange layer 3.

The heat exchange layer 3 includes a single-layer heat medium coil 5, a single-layer refrigerant coil 6, and a single-layer panel 7, and the single-layer heat medium coil 5 and the single-layer refrigerant coil 6 are arranged side by side in an S The single-layer heat medium coil 5 and the single-layer refrigerant coil 6 are attached and fixed on one side of the single-layer panel 7, and the single-layer panel 7 is fixed on the partition bracket 12 Above; the heat medium inlet and the heat medium outlet of the single-layer heat medium coil 5 are respectively connected to the heat medium inlet collecting pipe 8 and the heat medium outlet collecting pipe 9, and the refrigerant inlet of the single-layer refrigerant coil 6 , and the refrigerant outlet are connected to the refrigerant inlet collecting pipe 10 and the refrigerant outlet collecting pipe 11 respectively.

The single-layer heat medium coil 5, the heat medium inlet collecting pipe 8, and the heat medium outlet collecting pipe 9 constitute a heat medium circulation loop, and the single-layer refrigerant coil 6, the refrigerant inlet collecting pipe 10, and the refrigerant outlet collecting pipe 11 form a refrigerant cycle circuit.

In a specific solution, a plurality of heat exchange layers 3 can be arranged on the separator support 12 , and the plurality of heat exchange layers 3 can be arranged side by side up and down.

The vacuum freeze-drying device and the method for vacuum freeze-drying materials provided by the present invention adopt the scheme of side-by-side design of the heat medium circulation circuit and the refrigerant circulation circuit, so that the vacuum drying device has the functions of cooling and heating, so that the refrigerant and heat medium are respectively in different The heat exchange in the circuit does not need to change the temperature of the refrigerant or heat medium. The choice of refrigerant and heat medium is relatively large. Even if multiple vacuum freeze-drying devices are in different process nodes, they can also use common refrigerant and heat medium; When cooling or heating is switched, the refrigerant and heat medium can be recycled to the refrigerant storage tank or heat medium storage tank through various coils to save energy.

In a specific scheme, the single-layer heat medium coil 5 and the single-layer refrigerant coil 6 are side by side and then bent into an S shape, so that the adjacent single-layer heat medium coil 5 and the single-layer refrigerant coil 6 are closely attached to each other. After being uniformly arranged, it is welded together with the single-layer panel 7. Small holes are reserved in the heat medium inlet and collection pipe 8, heat medium out of the collection pipe 9, refrigerant in and out of the collection pipe 10, and refrigerant out of the collection pipe 11. These small holes are used for In order to communicate with the single-layer heat medium coil 5 and the single-layer refrigerant coil 6, the single-layer heat medium coil 5 and the single-layer refrigerant coil 6 can be welded to the heat medium inlet collecting pipe 8, heat The medium exits the collecting pipe 9, the refrigerant enters the collecting pipe 10, and the refrigerant exits the small hole reserved on the collecting pipe 11.

In a preferred solution, in order to reduce the resistance of the connection between the heat medium flowing through the single-layer heat medium coil 5 and the heat medium inlet header 8 and the heat medium outlet header 9, the single-layer heat medium coil The heat medium inlet and heat medium outlet of 5 are respectively connected to the heat medium inlet collecting pipe 8 and the heat medium outlet collecting pipe 9 through an elbow 15 .

In a preferred solution, in order to reduce the resistance of the refrigerant flowing through the single-layer refrigerant coil 6 and the connection between the refrigerant inlet header 10 and the refrigerant outlet header 11, the refrigerant inlet of the single-layer refrigerant coil 6, The outlet of the refrigerant is respectively connected to the refrigerant inlet collecting pipe 10 and the refrigerant outlet collecting pipe 11 through the elbow pipe 15 .

In a preferred solution, the heat medium inlet of the single-layer heat medium coil 5 and the refrigerant inlet of the single-layer refrigerant coil 6 are vertically lower than the single-layer panel 7, and the single-layer heat medium plate The heat medium outlet of the pipe 5 and the refrigerant outlet of the single-layer refrigerant coil 6 are vertically higher than the single-layer panel 7, and the refrigerant or heat medium can be connected with the single-layer refrigerant coil 6 or the single-layer heat medium coil 5, so that the heat exchange efficiency between the refrigerant or the heat medium and the single-layer refrigerant coil 6 or the single-layer heat medium coil 5 can be improved.

In a preferred solution, the heat medium inlet collecting pipe 8, the heat medium outlet collecting pipe 9, the refrigerant inlet collecting pipe 10, and the refrigerant outlet collecting pipe 11 all extend horizontally to the vacuum box through an elbow 16 1 in vitro.

In a preferred solution, in order to reduce the force deformation of the single-layer refrigerant coil 6 or the single-layer heat medium coil 5 and maintain a relatively fixed position, each single-layer panel 7 and the partition bracket 12 can be fixed as a whole by welding .

In order to facilitate maintenance, the partition support 12 and each heat exchange layer 3 can be removed out of the vacuum box through a tool.

In a preferred solution, the inlet position of the heat medium inlet collecting pipe 8 is lower than the outlet position of the heat medium outlet collecting pipe 9 in the vertical direction, and the inlet position of the refrigerant inlet collecting pipe 10 is lower than that in the vertical direction. The refrigerant exits the outlet of the collecting pipe 11 to improve the heat exchange efficiency between the refrigerant and the heating medium.

In a preferred solution, the vacuum box includes a vacuum box 1 and a vacuum door 2, the vacuum box 1 and the vacuum door 2 are connected by a double hinge structure 13, which can realize the opening and closing of the vacuum door 2, and can also Ensure the tightness between the vacuum door 2 and the vacuum box body 1 .

In a preferred solution, the vacuum box 1 is provided with not less than one vacuum pumping pipeline 4 . The vacuum pumping pipeline 4 can communicate with the vacuum pump through the vacuum pipeline, and the air in the vacuum box 1 is discharged by the vacuum pump.

As shown in Figure 2, a vacuum exhaust pipe 4 is arranged at the upper, middle and lower positions of the rear end of the vacuum box 1, so as to quickly discharge the air in the upper, middle and lower positions of the vacuum box 1, and maintain the preset of vacuum.

In a preferred solution, the vacuum box 1 is provided with a manhole 14 . In a specific solution, the manhole 14 can be arranged at the rear end of the vacuum box 1 , and it is convenient to observe and detect the equipment operation and material status of the vacuum box 1 through the manhole 14 .

In a preferred solution, the vacuum box 1 and the vacuum door 2 both include an inner plate and a reinforced rectangular tube, the reinforced rectangular tube is fixed on the inner plate, and the vacuum box 1 and the vacuum door The outer sides of 2 are all covered with insulation layer.

In a preferred solution, hot water may be used as the heating medium, and calcium chloride brine may be used as the cooling medium. Both hot water and calcium chloride brine are cheap media with high specific heat capacity, which can reduce costs and are not prone to overpressure problems.

The present invention also provides a method for vacuum freeze-drying materials by using the above-mentioned vacuum freeze-drying device, and the method includes the following steps.

Put the material to be dried on the single-layer panel 7, and close the vacuum door 2;

Inject refrigerant into the single-layer refrigerant coil 6 through the refrigerant inlet collecting pipe 10, the refrigerant enters the refrigerant outlet collecting pipe 11 through the single-layer refrigerant coil 6, and the temperature of the material to be dried reaches the preset freezing temperature After that, the refrigerant in the single-layer refrigerant coil 6 is reversely pumped out;

vacuumizing the vacuum box so that the vacuum degree in the vacuum box reaches a preset value;

The heat medium is injected into the single-layer heat medium coil 5 through the heat medium inlet collecting pipe 8, and the heat medium enters the heat medium outlet collecting pipe 9 through the single-layer heat medium coil 5 to control the flow of the heat medium The flow rate makes the temperature of the material to be dried change according to the preset temperature time change curve;

After the dried material is dried, the heat medium in the single-layer heat medium coil 5 is reversely pumped out;

The refrigerant is injected into the single-layer refrigerant coil 6 through the refrigerant inlet collecting pipe 10, and the refrigerant enters the refrigerant outlet collecting pipe 11 through the single-layer refrigerant coil 6, and the temperature of the material to be dried is cooled to the preset cooling temperature. After the temperature is reached, the refrigerant in the single-layer refrigerant coil 6 is reversely pumped out;

The vacuum in the vacuum box is returned to normal pressure, and the dried material is taken out.

In a specific solution, as shown in Figure 6, a plurality of vacuum cooling and drying devices 100 are used to carry out vacuum cooling and drying on the same or different materials, and a shared refrigerator 300 and a shared heating machine 200 are used to provide refrigerant and heat medium respectively. The common refrigerant pipeline 500 and the common heat medium pipeline 600 provide refrigerant and heat medium to each vacuum cooling and drying device 100 , and the common vacuum pump 400 is used to communicate with each vacuum box through the shared vacuum pipeline 600 to vacuumize each vacuum box.

Each vacuum cooling and drying device can use different processes or be at different process nodes, but they can all use common refrigerants and heat media, instead of cooling and heating each vacuum cooling and drying device separately, which reduces costs.

The refrigerant and heat medium in the present invention go through different pipelines, so that multiple freezer vacuum drying chambers can use common refrigerant and heat medium even at different process nodes. At the same time, when cooling and heating are switched, the refrigerant or The heat medium can be recycled to the general refrigerant storage tank or heat medium storage tank through the respective coils to save energy.

The structure, features and effects of the present invention have been described in detail above based on the embodiments shown in the drawings. The above descriptions are only preferred embodiments of the present invention, but the present invention does not limit the scope of implementation as shown in the drawings. Changes made to the idea of the present invention, or modifications to equivalent embodiments that are equivalent changes, and still within the spirit covered by the description and illustrations, shall be within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (7)

1. The vacuum freeze drying device is characterized by comprising a vacuum box, wherein a partition plate bracket, a refrigerant inlet header pipe, a refrigerant outlet header pipe, a heat medium inlet header pipe, a heat medium outlet header pipe and at least one heat exchange layer are arranged in the vacuum box, each heat exchange layer comprises a single-layer heat medium coil pipe, a single-layer refrigerant coil pipe and a single-layer panel, the single-layer heat medium coil pipes and the single-layer refrigerant coil pipes are arranged side by side and are distributed in an S shape, the single-layer heat medium coil pipes and the single-layer refrigerant coil pipes are attached and fixed on one side of the single-layer panel, and the single-layer panel is fixed on the partition plate bracket; the heat medium inlet and the heat medium outlet of the single-layer heat medium coil are respectively communicated with the heat medium inlet header pipe and the heat medium outlet header pipe, and the refrigerant inlet and the refrigerant outlet of the single-layer refrigerant coil are respectively communicated with the refrigerant inlet header pipe and the refrigerant outlet header pipe;

the heat medium inlet and the heat medium outlet of the single-layer heat medium coil are respectively communicated with the heat medium inlet header pipe and the heat medium outlet header pipe through bent pipes; the refrigerant inlet and the refrigerant outlet of the single-layer refrigerant coil are respectively communicated with the refrigerant inlet header pipe and the refrigerant outlet header pipe through bent pipes;

the heating medium is hot water, and the cooling medium is calcium chloride brine;

the inlet position of the heat medium inlet header pipe is lower than the outlet position of the heat medium outlet header pipe in the vertical direction, and the inlet position of the refrigerant inlet header pipe is lower than the outlet position of the refrigerant outlet header pipe in the vertical direction.

2. The vacuum freeze drying device according to claim 1, wherein the heat medium inlet of the single-layer heat medium coil and the refrigerant inlet of the single-layer refrigerant coil are vertically lower than the single-layer panel, and the heat medium outlet of the single-layer heat medium coil and the refrigerant outlet of the single-layer refrigerant coil are vertically higher than the single-layer panel.

3. The vacuum freeze drying apparatus of claim 1, wherein the heat medium inlet header pipe, the heat medium outlet header pipe, the refrigerant inlet header pipe, and the refrigerant outlet header pipe all extend horizontally out of the vacuum box through bends.

4. The vacuum freeze-drying apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the vacuum box comprises a vacuum box and a vacuum door, the vacuum box and the vacuum door being connected by a double hinge structure.

5. The vacuum freeze-drying apparatus according to claim 4, wherein a manhole and not less than one vacuum suction pipe are provided on the vacuum box.

6. The vacuum freeze-drying apparatus according to claim 4, wherein the vacuum box and the vacuum door each comprise an inner plate and a reinforcing rectangular tube fixed on the inner plate, and the outer sides of the vacuum box and the vacuum door are each covered with a heat insulating layer.

7. A method of vacuum freeze-drying a material using the vacuum freeze-drying apparatus of any one of claims 1-6, comprising:

placing the material to be dried on the single-layer panel;

injecting a refrigerant into the single-layer refrigerant coil pipe through the refrigerant inlet header pipe, enabling the refrigerant to enter the refrigerant outlet header pipe through the single-layer refrigerant coil pipe, and reversely pumping the refrigerant in the single-layer refrigerant coil pipe after the temperature of the dried material reaches a preset freezing temperature;

vacuumizing the vacuum box to enable the vacuum degree in the vacuum box to reach a preset value;

injecting a heating medium into the single-layer heating medium coil pipe through a heating medium inlet header pipe, enabling the heating medium to enter a heating medium outlet header pipe through the single-layer heating medium coil pipe, and controlling the flow of the heating medium to enable the temperature of a material to be dried to change according to a preset temperature time change curve;

after the drying material is dried, reversely pumping out the heating medium in the single-layer heating medium coil;

injecting a refrigerant into the single-layer refrigerant coil pipe through the refrigerant inlet header pipe, enabling the refrigerant to enter the refrigerant outlet header pipe through the single-layer refrigerant coil pipe, and reversely pumping the refrigerant in the single-layer refrigerant coil pipe after the temperature of the dried material is cooled to a preset cooling temperature;

and (5) recovering the vacuum degree in the vacuum box to normal pressure, and taking out the dried material.

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