CN1082014A - Self-released enamel ceramic with high whiteness and thermal stability - Google Patents
Self-released enamel ceramic with high whiteness and thermal stability Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN1082014A CN1082014A CN 93111637 CN93111637A CN1082014A CN 1082014 A CN1082014 A CN 1082014A CN 93111637 CN93111637 CN 93111637 CN 93111637 A CN93111637 A CN 93111637A CN 1082014 A CN1082014 A CN 1082014A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- porcelain
- self
- released
- enamel
- ceramic
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 28
- 210000003298 dental enamel Anatomy 0.000 title claims abstract description 21
- 229910052573 porcelain Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 239000010433 feldspar Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000005995 Aluminium silicate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 235000012211 aluminium silicate Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N kaolin Chemical compound O.O.O=[Al]O[Si](=O)O[Si](=O)O[Al]=O NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 229910004298 SiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000000454 talc Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 235000012222 talc Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 229910052623 talc Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052656 albite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000004411 aluminium Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 abstract description 8
- 238000010304 firing Methods 0.000 abstract description 6
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 210000001161 mammalian embryo Anatomy 0.000 abstract 1
- CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium oxide Inorganic materials [Mg]=O CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 14
- 239000000395 magnesium oxide Substances 0.000 description 14
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 9
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 8
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 6
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000004907 flux Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000007791 liquid phase Substances 0.000 description 4
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910052878 cordierite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- JSKIRARMQDRGJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimagnesium dioxido-bis[(1-oxido-3-oxo-2,4,6,8,9-pentaoxa-1,3-disila-5,7-dialuminabicyclo[3.3.1]nonan-7-yl)oxy]silane Chemical compound [Mg++].[Mg++].[O-][Si]([O-])(O[Al]1O[Al]2O[Si](=O)O[Si]([O-])(O1)O2)O[Al]1O[Al]2O[Si](=O)O[Si]([O-])(O1)O2 JSKIRARMQDRGJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- KZHJGOXRZJKJNY-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxosilane;oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Si]=O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O KZHJGOXRZJKJNY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910052863 mullite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 230000035939 shock Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000000498 ball milling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004927 fusion Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910000272 alkali metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052728 basic metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000003818 basic metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- SVPXDRXYRYOSEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N bentoquatam Chemical compound O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O SVPXDRXYRYOSEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000001354 calcination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052593 corundum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010431 corundum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003317 industrial substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium;oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[Mg+2] AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010137 moulding (plastic) Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- -1 quartzy Chemical compound 0.000 description 1
- 238000007493 shaping process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000013589 supplement Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002834 transmittance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010456 wollastonite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052882 wollastonite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Landscapes
- Compositions Of Oxide Ceramics (AREA)
Abstract
The invention belongs to the ceramic technology field, is a kind of self-released enamel ceramic with high whiteness and thermal stability.The chemical ingredients of this porcelain comprises: SiO
243-58%, Al
2O
328-36%, MgO4.5-10.65%, K
2O+Na
2O1.8-5.5% (by weight percentage).Used composition of raw materials is: kaolin 25-68%, talcum 15-35%, feldspar 15-40%, (by weight percentage).This porcelain does not need through the glazing operation behind blank forming; At sintering process, base substrate can self discharge glaze and be covered in the porcelain embryo surface.This porcelain has high whiteness height, high strength, high thermal stability, and firing range is wide, is applicable to household china, decorative ceramic, architectural ceramics, industrial porcelain, electronics porcelain etc.
Description
The invention belongs to the ceramic technology field, is a kind of self-released enamel ceramic.
The band glaze ceramic generally all form by base and glaze two portions, its production process be after the last layer glaze is executed on the inside and outside surface of base substrate through burning till, the base glaze is combined.The applicant has applied for a kind of " self-releasing enamel low-temp ceramics " on October 23rd, 1991, this application is open on May 5th, 93, publication number CN1071658A.In this patent application, introduced and used kaolin, wollastonite, quartzy, potassium felspar sand, calcination of talc, raw materials such as wilkinite are made self-releasing enamel low-temp ceramics can save glaze processing, operations such as glazing, and do not have the base substrate of glazing in sintering process, can produce the glaze layer from self discharging enamel, ceramic product with glazing has same glaze effect like this, thereby simplified the technological process of production greatly, reduce production costs, but the porcelain whiteness made from this patent application technology is not high, thermostability is not enough, and easy fired is difficult to the processing requirement that the high temperature klining of suitable many big factories becomes.
The objective of the invention is to provide a kind of Heat stability is good, whiteness height, high impact strength can be applicable to that klining becomes low temperature with high temperature, the glaze that base substrate does not need glazing to lean on and self discharges is carried out the self-released enamel ceramic that is placed on the porcelain body surface.
The objective of the invention is to realize with the following methods.Comprise in its chemical ingredients of self-released enamel ceramic of the present invention: SiO
243-58%, Al
2O
328-36%, MgO 4.5-10.65% K
2O+Na
2O 1.8-5.5%(by weight percentage).At chemical ingredients K
2O+Na
2In the content of O, K preferably
2O 2.0-5%, Na
2O 0.2-0.5% or K
2O 0.2-0.5%, Na
2O 1.6-4.5%(accounts for the weight percent in the chemical ingredients of whole porcelain).Form according to above-mentioned chemical ingredients, can determine that the composition of raw materials composition of self-released enamel ceramic of the present invention comprises: kaolin 25-68%, talcum 15-35%, feldspar 15-40%(are by weight percentage).For making Al in the prescription
2O
3Content reach the requirement in forming of chemical ingredients in the porcelain, can according to circumstances add aluminium powder or the alumina of 0-20%.The both available potassium felspar sand of used feldspar raw material, also available albite or other feldspar, and with the albite of 2/3 potassium felspar sand and 1/3 common introduce best.
In the chemical ingredients that the present invention introduced, the content that should make MgO like this, makes MgO both play skeleton and acts on mutually between playing the skeleton phase and plaing between the flux effect, plays the flux effect again.Form from chemical ingredients of the present invention, its main chemical compositions belongs to MgO-Al substantially as can be known
2O
3-SiO
2In the three-part system, by formulation selection, make principal crystalline phase in the porcelain be trichroite and mullite as the skeleton in the porcelain, promptly a part of MgO and Al
2O
3, SiO
2Reaction generates trichroite (2MgO2Al
2O
35SiO
2) play skeleton and act on mutually.Simultaneously owing to introduced Na again in the chemical ingredients
2O k
2Two kinds of alkalimetal oxides of O, MgO and basic metal effect are similar to the effect of MgO in the feldspar glaze, so part MgO and Na
2O, k
2O plays a part flux jointly, is easy to generate at low temperatures liquid phase (glassy phase), promptly reduces melt temperature and high temperature viscosity.The too high levels of MgO is crossed to hang down and all is difficult to obtain the glaze self-releasing porcelain products, and has a strong impact on the performance of product.MgO mainly introduces by talcum or other raw material that contains MgO, also can directly use the magnesium oxide industrial chemicals.SiO
2And Al
2O
3Main effect is to form skeleton phase mullite and trichroite crystalline phase, Al
2O
3Mainly introduce by the feldspar raw material, felspathic introducing amount height, this is the principal element that obtains from releasing glaze and wide sintering range (50-70 ℃).Felspathic use with potassium felspar sand account for 2/3, albite accounts for the 1/3 common best results of introducing.Kaolin provides the required plastic material of moulding, brings into and satisfy the mutually required Al of skeleton simultaneously
2O
3, SiO
2, aluminium powder or alumina are as used kaolin and felspathic Al
2O
3When content was on the low side, agent was introduced as a supplement.
The technological process of production of the present invention and feed particles grating require or are basic identical with present porcelain production technique, reach all process steps of establishing for glazing but saved glaze processing.
From releasing the mechanism more complicated that glaze forms, according to preliminary discussion, in the present invention, behind the blank forming, when goods when high temperature burns till, feldspar at first fusion along with the continuation of temperature raises, MgO also partly simultaneously plays flux effect fusion gradually and generates the bigger liquid phase of viscosity, one side forms cordierite crystal, the generation of mullite crystal is also arranged simultaneously, thereby the feldspar liquid phase that viscosity is less is squeezed to the surface, when firing temperature is controlled at an appropriate zone, makes the product surface zone form intact glaze layer and porcelain body inside also maintains a certain amount of cordierite crystal and corundum crystal is relative as skeleton on a small quantity, just obtain the self-released enamel ceramic goods, and be in this crystalline phase exactly, liquid phase state makes the porcelain body particularly compact, thereby high resistance to impact shock is arranged, because certain cordierite crystal is arranged, so high thermostability is arranged,, makes porcelain whiter owing in the top layer glaze that forms certain MgO composition is arranged.
Self-released enamel ceramic of the present invention reaches following technical indicator after tested:
1, rapid heat cycle of thermostability 260-280 ℃ to 20 ℃ cold water does not split;
2, goods resistance to impact shock 2.8-3.7J/cm
2;
3, whiteness 80-93%;
4, transparence 40-55%;
5, glaze face thickness 50-270 micron, the smooth smooth glost ware effect same that reaches of glaze.
Be embodiments of the invention below;
Embodiment one:
Take by weighing kaolin 550kg, potassium felspar sand 250kg, talcum 200kg, raw materials used chemical ingredients sees Table one, above-mentioned raw materials is dropped in 1 tonne of ball mill, by expecting: ball: water=add 1800kg ball milling body and 900kg water at 1: 1.8: 0.9, ball milling 14-28 hour, emitted 200 mesh sieves, inhale iron, press filtration, vacuum pugging, plastic molding is gone into kiln after the drying finishing and is burnt till at 1320-1400 ℃, promptly gets the self-released enamel ceramic product.The weight percent of its chemical ingredients consists of: SiO
254.56%, Al
2O
329.40%, MgO 6.50%, Fe
2O
30.23%, CaO 0.36% k
2O 2.45%, Na
2O 1.08%, the mistake 5.42% of burning.After tested: rapid heat cycle of 280 ℃ to 20 ℃ cold water of thermostability does not split resistance to impact shock 3.7J/cm
2, whiteness 92.34%, transparence 50%, glaze layer thickness: 200 microns.
Embodiment two:
Take by weighing by composition of raw materials: kaolin 400kg, potassium felspar sand 140kg, albite 130kg, talcum 210kg, aluminium powder 120kg, raw materials used chemical ingredients sees Table one.The processing of blank, moulding firing temperature are identical with embodiment one, products obtained therefrom after tested: rapid heat cycle of 260 ℃ to 20 ℃ cold water of thermostability does not split whiteness 90.67%.
Embodiment three:
Take by weighing by composition of raw materials: kaolin 350kg, albite 250kg, talcum 200kg, aluminium powder 200kg, used chemical ingredients sees Table one.The machine-shaping of blank, firing temperature are identical with embodiment one, products obtained therefrom after tested, rapid heat cycle of 240 ℃ to 20 ℃ cold water of thermostability does not split whiteness 89.72%.
The present invention has following characteristics from released enamel ceramic:
1, raw material is had no special requirements, can adjust easily during batching, save glaze The operation of processing and glazing is simplified the technological process of production, improves work efficiency, reduces production costs.
2, can in wider scope, select firing temperature (1250-1430 ℃), and firing range is wider reaches 50-70 ℃, and can in the high temperature kiln, burns till again, can be applicable to that existing household china high temperature kiln produces.
3, product has high whiteness, high-transmittance, high strength, high thermal stability and certainly release the characteristics of glaze, thereby properties of product are especially good.
4, wide application can be used in a plurality of fields such as household china, decorative ceramics, architectural ceramics, industrial porcelain, electronics porcelain.
Claims (6)
1, a kind of self-released enamel ceramic is characterized in that the chemical ingredients of this self-released enamel ceramic comprises: SiO
243-58%, Al
2O
328-36%, MgO4.5-10.65%, K
2O+Na
2O1.8-5.5% (by weight percentage).
2, self-released enamel ceramic according to claim 1 is characterized in that chemical ingredients K
2O+Na
2In the content of O, K
2O 2.0-5%, Na
2O 0.2-0.5%(accounts for the weight percent in the chemical ingredients of whole porcelain).
3, self-released enamel ceramic according to claim 1 is characterized in that K in the chemical ingredients
2O+Na
2K in the content of O
2O 0.2-0.5%, Na
2O1.6-4.5%(accounts for the weight percent in the chemical ingredients of whole porcelain).
4, according to claim 1 or 2 or 3 described self-released enamel ceramics, it is characterized in that making the used composition of raw materials scope of this porcelain and comprise: kaolin 25-68%, talcum 15-35%, feldspar 15-40%(are by weight percentage).
5, self-released enamel ceramic according to claim 4 is characterized in that also comprising in the composition of raw materials aluminium powder or the alumina of 0-20%.
6,, it is characterized in that used feldspar raw material adopts 2/3 potassium felspar sand, 1/3 albite according to claim 4 or 5 described self-released enamel ceramics.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 93111637 CN1037599C (en) | 1993-07-31 | 1993-07-31 | High whiteness and high thermal stability self-releasing enamel |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 93111637 CN1037599C (en) | 1993-07-31 | 1993-07-31 | High whiteness and high thermal stability self-releasing enamel |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN1082014A true CN1082014A (en) | 1994-02-16 |
| CN1037599C CN1037599C (en) | 1998-03-04 |
Family
ID=4989402
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 93111637 Expired - Fee Related CN1037599C (en) | 1993-07-31 | 1993-07-31 | High whiteness and high thermal stability self-releasing enamel |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN1037599C (en) |
Cited By (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102249740A (en) * | 2011-06-20 | 2011-11-23 | 河南省耕生高温材料有限公司 | Porcelain glaze and glazing method of porcelain |
| CN103951380A (en) * | 2014-04-02 | 2014-07-30 | 景德镇陶瓷学院 | High-whiteness high-transparency reinforced porcelain and its preparation method |
| CN105906326A (en) * | 2016-04-21 | 2016-08-31 | 福建省德化县晖龙陶瓷有限公司 | High-whiteness autogenous glaze creamy porcelain, preparation method and production process thereof |
| CN106747288A (en) * | 2016-12-27 | 2017-05-31 | 福建省德化县聚德艺瓷有限公司 | Beautiful porcelain of profit and preparation method thereof and renovation technique |
| CN107244884A (en) * | 2017-06-22 | 2017-10-13 | 安徽省德邦瓷业有限公司 | A kind of preparation method for releasing glaze domestic ceramics certainly of antibacterial silica addition |
| CN110330309A (en) * | 2019-07-04 | 2019-10-15 | 新化县顺达电子陶瓷有限公司 | A kind of high whiteness kaolin and its preparation method and application |
| CN110963791A (en) * | 2019-12-19 | 2020-04-07 | 广东宏陶陶瓷有限公司 | Self-releasing glaze inducer, self-releasing glaze ceramic tile and preparation method thereof |
| CN112408941A (en) * | 2020-11-20 | 2021-02-26 | 龙岩高岭土股份有限公司 | High-whiteness and high-light-transmittance petuntse and preparation method thereof |
| CN117209248A (en) * | 2023-09-01 | 2023-12-12 | 龙岩高岭土股份有限公司 | A kind of porcelain clay formula for 3D printing |
-
1993
- 1993-07-31 CN CN 93111637 patent/CN1037599C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Cited By (10)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102249740A (en) * | 2011-06-20 | 2011-11-23 | 河南省耕生高温材料有限公司 | Porcelain glaze and glazing method of porcelain |
| CN103951380A (en) * | 2014-04-02 | 2014-07-30 | 景德镇陶瓷学院 | High-whiteness high-transparency reinforced porcelain and its preparation method |
| CN105906326A (en) * | 2016-04-21 | 2016-08-31 | 福建省德化县晖龙陶瓷有限公司 | High-whiteness autogenous glaze creamy porcelain, preparation method and production process thereof |
| CN106747288A (en) * | 2016-12-27 | 2017-05-31 | 福建省德化县聚德艺瓷有限公司 | Beautiful porcelain of profit and preparation method thereof and renovation technique |
| CN107244884A (en) * | 2017-06-22 | 2017-10-13 | 安徽省德邦瓷业有限公司 | A kind of preparation method for releasing glaze domestic ceramics certainly of antibacterial silica addition |
| CN110330309A (en) * | 2019-07-04 | 2019-10-15 | 新化县顺达电子陶瓷有限公司 | A kind of high whiteness kaolin and its preparation method and application |
| CN110963791A (en) * | 2019-12-19 | 2020-04-07 | 广东宏陶陶瓷有限公司 | Self-releasing glaze inducer, self-releasing glaze ceramic tile and preparation method thereof |
| CN110963791B (en) * | 2019-12-19 | 2022-04-22 | 广东宏陶陶瓷有限公司 | Self-releasing glaze inducer, self-releasing glaze ceramic tile and preparation method thereof |
| CN112408941A (en) * | 2020-11-20 | 2021-02-26 | 龙岩高岭土股份有限公司 | High-whiteness and high-light-transmittance petuntse and preparation method thereof |
| CN117209248A (en) * | 2023-09-01 | 2023-12-12 | 龙岩高岭土股份有限公司 | A kind of porcelain clay formula for 3D printing |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN1037599C (en) | 1998-03-04 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| EP0584977B1 (en) | Vitreous china, method for preparing the vitreous china, and sanitary ware produced therefrom | |
| EP0402007B1 (en) | Glass composition for use in glazes | |
| US6946414B2 (en) | Glass-ceramics, process for the their preparation and use | |
| Toya et al. | Preparation and properties of CaO–MgO–Al2O3–SiO2 glass-ceramics from kaolin clay refining waste (Kira) and dolomite | |
| CN1037599C (en) | High whiteness and high thermal stability self-releasing enamel | |
| CN1050347C (en) | High-toughness reinforced porcelain and production method thereof | |
| EP1003695A1 (en) | Glass-ceramics process for their preparation and use | |
| US2910760A (en) | Method of firing ceramic composition | |
| CN1037598C (en) | Self-released enamel enhanced ceramic | |
| SU893956A1 (en) | Ceramic composition | |
| CN1055672C (en) | Method for prodn. of quartz cordierite kiln ware | |
| JPH04114969A (en) | Nitride-bonded sic refractory material | |
| CN1115179A (en) | Body comprising crystalline corundum and method for its manufacture | |
| SU1477705A1 (en) | Composition for producing translucent glaze | |
| US3384500A (en) | Refractory | |
| CN1096999A (en) | Olivine and iolite porcelain | |
| JPH01192761A (en) | Ingot azs refractory composition | |
| SU1392038A1 (en) | Decorative glass | |
| US1862974A (en) | Ceramic wares and method of manufacture | |
| SU1730066A1 (en) | Glaze | |
| CN120841944B (en) | An amorphous phase modified cordierite ceramic material and its preparation method | |
| SU1386598A1 (en) | Transparent glaze | |
| SU1733412A1 (en) | Glaze | |
| RU2014294C1 (en) | Glaze | |
| Jackson | Boroflux (Zinc Borate) Lower Cost Flux Systems: Reduce the Firing of Most Bodies to Cone 01 |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| C10 | Entry into substantive examination | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| C06 | Publication | ||
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| C14 | Grant of patent or utility model | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant | ||
| C19 | Lapse of patent right due to non-payment of the annual fee | ||
| CF01 | Termination of patent right due to non-payment of annual fee |