CN108242596A - Antenna element and antenna for base station - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention provides a kind of antenna element, including：Pedestal, including for isolation board of the reflection electromagnetic wave to improve the reflecting plate of the sensitivity of aerial signal and be formed in the opposite both sides of reflecting plate；The surface of reflecting plate has mutually perpendicular one laterally and one is longitudinal；Feeding network, for transmitting electromagnetic wave, feeding network is arranged on reflecting plate；Radiating element, for emitting or receiving electromagnetic wave；Multiple baluns, are arranged between radiating element and feeding network；Radiating element is electrically connected by balun and feeding network；Feeding network, pedestal and balun integrated setting.Inventive antenna unit and antenna for base station are designed by the way that pedestal, feeding network and balun are integrally formed, its function is realized by plastic electroplating technique, simplify assemble flow, and reduce the Insertion Loss of antenna in this way, material consistency is also high；Feeding network uses the feeder line of channel-type simultaneously, the mode of transmission electromagnetic wave in the medium is changed to transmit in air, Insertion Loss is reduced.

Description

Antenna unit and base station antenna

technical field

The invention belongs to the field of radio technology, and more specifically relates to an antenna unit and a base station antenna.

Background technique

Although the 4G network is gradually built and the network scale tends to be stable, frequency resources are in short supply, huge energy consumption and network optimization issues cannot be ignored. Countries around the world focus on the research and development of 5G and develop higher frequency resources. The large-scale phalanx is the core technology of future 5G research and development. As the frequency increases, the insertion loss and consistency issues become more prominent. How to develop a base station antenna suitable for the 5G frequency band and meet the requirements of low insertion loss and high consistency is one of the focuses of current research.

At present, the traditional base station antenna is mainly composed of a vibrator, a feed network, a calibration network, a reflector and an isolation plate. However, the vibrator and the feed network are separate components, which are connected as a whole through assembly and welding, resulting in high insertion loss of the antenna. The feed network usually adopts the form of microstrip line or stripline. The electromagnetic wave travels in the medium, and the loss caused by the medium must be difficult to overcome at high frequencies. At the same time, because the high-frequency signal is very sensitive, the consistency of material processing deviates slightly. , it will have a great impact on the electrical parameters, which is very unfavorable to the development and mass production of 5G frequency band base station antennas.

Contents of the invention

The purpose of the present invention is to provide an antenna unit and a base station antenna to solve the technical problems of high insertion loss and low consistency existing in the prior art.

In order to achieve the above object, the technical solution adopted in the present invention is to provide an antenna unit, comprising:

A base, which includes a reflection plate for reflecting electromagnetic waves to improve the sensitivity of antenna signals and isolation plates formed on opposite sides of the reflection plate; the surface of the reflection plate has a transverse direction and a longitudinal direction perpendicular to each other;

a feed network, used to transmit the electromagnetic waves, the feed network is arranged on the reflector;

a radiation unit, configured to emit or receive the electromagnetic wave;

A plurality of baluns are arranged between the radiating unit and the feeding network; the radiating unit is electrically connected to the feeding network through the balun; the feeding network, the base and The balun integration setting.

Further, the feeder network includes two feeder lines isolated from each other, and the two feeder lines are aligned on the longitudinal center line.

Further, each of the feeder lines includes a frame body and a first partition, the frame body is formed on the reflector plate, the frame body and the reflector plate form a groove, the recess The groove extends along the transverse direction; the first partition is arranged in the middle of the groove and divides the groove into two channels, and a channel is formed between the first partition and the inner side wall of the frame. There is a gap through which the two passages communicate.

Further, the frame body and the first partition are plastic parts, the inner side wall of the frame body and the side wall of the first partition plate are plated with a metal layer, and the frame body and the first partition plate are coated with metal layers. The top surfaces of the first separators are all coated with a metal layer.

Further, a notch is formed on one side of each frame in the longitudinal direction, and each feeder circuit further includes a second partition, and one end of the second partition is connected to the first partition. The other end protrudes out of the frame through the gap; the bottom side of the reflector is formed with a terminal for connecting with a radio frequency circuit, and a first via hole is formed on the reflector, and the terminal passes through the The first via hole is electrically connected to the second partition; the terminal and the second partition are electrically isolated from the reflector.

Further, four baluns are formed on both sides of the feed network in the transverse direction; the four baluns on the same side are electrically isolated from each other.

Further, each of the baluns includes a hollow cylinder, a half-open cylinder and a central column, and the hollow cylinder, half-open cylinder and a central column are electrically isolated from each other; the semi-open cylinder It is arranged coaxially with the central column; each of the central columns is electrically connected to the first partition, and each of the semi-open cylinders is electrically connected to the corresponding frame.

Further, protrusions are formed on the top surface of each of the hollow cylinders and the top surface of each of the semi-open cylinders, and a plurality of through holes for insertion of the protrusions are formed on the radiation unit.

Further, the radiating unit includes an insulating flat plate, the top surface of the flat plate has a radiating surface, and the radiating surface has four regions electrically isolated from each other, each of which is formed with an annular conductive layer; The four areas are divided into two first areas and two second areas, the two first areas are arranged diagonally, and the two second areas are arranged diagonally and are respectively connected to the first area Adjacent; the conduction between the conductive layers of the two first regions and the conductive layers of the two second regions is conducted through a connecting sheet; each connecting sheet is formed with a The second via hole where the center post is inserted.

A base station antenna, the base station antenna includes a plurality of the foregoing antenna units.

The beneficial effects of the antenna unit and the base station antenna provided by the present invention are: compared with the prior art, the antenna unit and the base station antenna of the present invention are designed by integrating the base, the feed network and the balun, and realize their functions through the plastic electroplating process , which simplifies the assembly process, reduces the insertion loss of the antenna, and has high material consistency; at the same time, the feed network adopts a channel-type feed line, and the electromagnetic wave transmission in the medium is changed to transmission in the air. loss is reduced.

Description of drawings

In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention, the following will briefly introduce the accompanying drawings that need to be used in the descriptions of the embodiments or the prior art. Obviously, the accompanying drawings in the following description are only of the present invention. For some embodiments, those of ordinary skill in the art can also obtain other drawings based on these drawings without paying creative efforts.

FIG. 1 is an exploded diagram of an antenna unit provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a schematic perspective view of the antenna unit provided by the embodiment of the present invention after the radiation unit is removed;

Fig. 3 is a top view of the antenna unit provided by the embodiment of the present invention after removing the radiation unit;

Fig. 4 is the partially enlarged schematic diagram of Fig. 2;

Fig. 5 is a bottom view of the antenna unit provided by the embodiment of the present invention;

Fig. 6 is a partially enlarged schematic diagram of Fig. 5;

Fig. 7 is a top view of the radiation unit of the antenna unit provided by the embodiment of the present invention;

Fig. 8 is a bottom view of the radiation unit of the antenna unit provided by the embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 9 is a schematic perspective view of a dense array arrangement of base station antennas according to an embodiment of the present invention.

Wherein, each reference sign in the figure:

1-base; 11-reflector; 12-isolation plate; 2-feed network; 21-feed line; 211-frame; 212-first partition; 213-groove; 214-channel; 215- Gap; 216-baffle plate; 217-protruding structure; 218-terminal; 219-first through hole; 210-second partition; 3-balun; 31-semi-open cylinder; 32-central column; 33 -hollow tube; 34-protrusion; 4-radiation unit; 41-through hole; 42-plate; 43-radiation surface; 44-region; - the third via hole; 5 - the antenna unit.

Detailed ways

In order to make the technical problems, technical solutions and beneficial effects to be solved by the present invention clearer, the present invention will be further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described here are only used to explain the present invention, not to limit the present invention.

It should be noted that when an element is referred to as being “fixed” or “disposed on” another element, it may be directly on the other element or be indirectly on the other element. When an element is referred to as being "connected to" another element, it can be directly connected to the other element or indirectly connected to the other element.

It is to be understood that the terms "length", "width", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer" etc. indicate an orientation or The positional relationship is based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, which is only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the referred device or element must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, Therefore, it should not be construed as limiting the invention.

In addition, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only, and cannot be interpreted as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the quantity of indicated technical features. Thus, a feature defined as "first" and "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of these features. In the description of the present invention, "plurality" means two or more, unless otherwise specifically defined.

Referring to FIG. 1 , the antenna unit 5 provided by the present invention will now be described. The antenna unit 5 includes a base 1, a feed network 2, a plurality of baluns 3 and a radiation unit 4, the base 1 includes a reflector 11 for reflecting electromagnetic waves to improve the sensitivity of the antenna signal, and a reflector 11 opposite to the reflector 11 is formed. The isolation plates 12 on both sides, the isolation plates 12 and the reflector 11 are vertically arranged; the feed network 2 is used to transmit electromagnetic waves, and the feed network 2 is arranged on the reflector 11; the radiation unit 4 is used to radiate or receive electromagnetic waves, and the radiation unit 4 The plurality of baluns 3 are electrically connected to the feed network 2, and the base 1, the feed network 2 and the plurality of baluns 3 are integrally formed.

The beneficial effects of the antenna unit 5 and the base station antenna provided by the present invention are: compared with the prior art, the antenna unit 5 and the base station antenna of the present invention are designed by integrating the base 1, the feed network 2 and the balun 3, so that The assembly process is simplified, the insertion loss of the antenna is reduced, and the material consistency is also high; at the same time, the feed network 2 adopts the feed line 21 of the channel 214 type, which constitutes a three-dimensional air belt, and transmits the electromagnetic wave in the medium. The method is changed to transmission in the air, and the insertion loss can be reduced.

Further, please refer to Fig. 1 and Fig. 2, as a specific embodiment of the antenna unit 5 provided by the present invention, the reflecting plate 11 and the isolation plate 12 are all made of plastic, and then the outer surface is plated on its outer surface by a plastic electroplating process. copper. Its function is realized through the plastic electroplating process, and the material consistency is high, which is conducive to improving the consistency and stability of the antenna.

Further, please refer to Fig. 1 to Fig. 3 together, as a kind of specific embodiment of the antenna unit 5 provided by the present invention, the surface of the reflecting plate 11 has a transverse direction (X direction in the figure) and a longitudinal direction (Y direction in the figure). ), the feed network 2 includes two mutually insulated feed lines 21, and the two feed lines 21 are symmetrically arranged with the midline of the reflector 11 in the longitudinal direction as the axis of symmetry. Each feeder line 21 includes a frame body 211 and a first partition 212, the frame body 211 is arranged on the reflection plate 11, the frame body 211 and the reflection plate 11 form a groove 213, and the first partition plate 212 is set In the middle of the groove 213, the groove 213 is divided into two channels 214 of equal width, and the two ends of the two channels 214 communicate with each other in the transverse direction.

Further, please refer to FIG. 1 to FIG. 3 together. As a specific embodiment of the antenna unit 5 provided by the present invention, the block diagram is a rectangular frame body 211, the length direction of the frame body 211 is in the horizontal direction, and the frame body 211 and the second A groove 213 formed by a partition 212 extends along the transverse direction, and two channels 214 of equal width are connected to each other at both ends of the transverse direction to form a channel 214 connected end to end. The distance between the top surface of the frame body 211 and the top surface of the reflector 11 is greater than or equal to the distance between the top surface of the first partition 212 and the top surface of the reflector 11 . The inside wall of the frame body 211, the top surface of the frame body 211, the four sides of the first partition plate 212 and the top surface of the first partition plate 212 are all plated with a copper layer. Since the outer surface of the reflecting plate 11 is plated with a copper layer, Therefore, the frame body 211 and the reflector 11 should be insulated, and the first partition 212 and the reflector 11 should be insulated to prevent short circuit. As shown in FIG. The area 44 with hatching is the copper plated area 44 . The electromagnetic wave is transmitted in the channel 214 formed by the frame body 211 and the first partition 212 arranged in the frame body 211, which has less loss than the traditional way of transmission in the medium, and can meet the high-frequency high-precision requirements, so that the antenna Get better stability and consistency.

Further, please refer to FIG. 1 to FIG. 3 together. As a specific embodiment of the antenna unit 5 provided by the present invention, the frame body 211 of each feeding line 21 is formed with a notch 215 in the longitudinal direction, and the notch 215 A second partition 210 is arranged in the middle, and the second partition 210 is connected to the first partition 212 on one longitudinal side, and extends to the outside of the frame body 211 through the gap 215 on the other longitudinal side. The channel 214 of the feed network 2 is separated by connecting the second partition 210 with the first partition 212 to realize the function of power division.

Further, please refer to FIG. 1 to FIG. 3 together. As a specific embodiment of the antenna unit 5 provided by the present invention, a baffle 216 is arranged at intervals on both sides of the second partition 210 in the transverse direction. The distance between the partition plate 210 and each baffle plate 216 is equal to the width of the channel 214 formed by the frame body 211 and the first partition plate 212 .

Further, please refer to FIGS. 1 to 3 together. As a specific embodiment of the antenna unit 5 provided by the present invention, like the frame body 211, the second partition 210 and the baffle 216 are first made of plastic materials. , and then copper-plated on the top surface and four side walls of the second partition 210 through a plastic electroplating process, and copper-plated on the top surface of the baffle 216 and the side facing the second partition 210, so that it is electrically connected to the feed network 2 pass to form an output channel 214 of the feed network 2. Using plastic as the medium of the antenna can greatly reduce the quality of the antenna, and at the same time reduce the cost. The plastic electroplating process can ensure the consistency of the material, so that the antenna can meet the high-frequency precision requirements.

Further, please refer to FIGS. 1 to 3 together. As a specific embodiment of the antenna unit 5 provided by the present invention, the distance between the top surface of the baffle 216 and the radiation plate is greater than or equal to the top surface of the second partition 210 The distance between the top surface of the baffle plate 216 and the radiation plate is equal to the distance between the top surface of the frame body 211 and the radiation plate, and the distance between the top surface of the second partition plate 210 and the radiation plate is equal to that of the first partition plate 212. , the distance between the top surface and the radiation plate. In this way, it can better ensure that the electromagnetic wave is smoothly transported in the channel 214 .

Further, please refer to FIG. 1 to FIG. 3 together. As a specific embodiment of the antenna unit 5 provided by the present invention, the notch 215 of each frame body 211 faces another frame body 211, and the baffle plate 216 and the second frame body 211 The two partitions 210 are arranged obliquely in the longitudinal direction, and such a structure is relatively compact, which is beneficial to the miniaturization of the equipment.

Further, please refer to FIG. 1 to FIG. 3 together. As a specific embodiment of the antenna unit 5 provided by the present invention, a protruding structure 217 is formed on the top surface of each first partition 212, and the protruding structure 217 It has a stepped structure in the transverse direction. To make the transmitting antenna match the feeder, the input impedance of the antenna should be equal to the characteristic impedance of the feeder. That is, to match the receiving antenna to the receiver, the input impedance of the antenna should be equal to the complex conjugate of the load impedance. The stepped structure forms side walls of the channel 214 with different heights on the first partition 212 , which can provide different impedances for the antenna, thereby increasing the versatility of the antenna.

Further, please refer to FIG. 2 , FIG. 3 , FIG. 5 and FIG. 6 together. As a specific embodiment of the antenna unit 5 provided by the present invention, the other side of the reflecting plate 11 opposite to the side where the feeding network 2 is provided One side is provided with a cylindrical terminal 218, the terminal 218 is insulated from the reflector 11, and the side of the second partition 210 outside the gap 215 is electrically connected to the terminal 218 through a first via hole 219 formed on the reflector 11. As shown in FIG. 5 , the area 44 with the hatching line is not plated with copper, so that the terminal 218 and the first via hole 219 are insulated from the reflector 11 . The terminal 218 is used to connect the feed network 2 with other networks, such as a calibration network.

Further, please refer to FIGS. 1 to 4 together. As a specific embodiment of the antenna unit 5 provided by the present invention, the feeding network 2 is respectively formed with two baluns 3 on both sides in the lateral direction, and each balun 3 Each of the housings 3 includes a semi-open cylinder 31, a central column 32 and a hollow cylinder 33. The semi-open cylinder 31 is formed on one side of the top surface of the frame body 211 in the transverse direction, and is integrally formed with the frame body 211. The central column 32 is a cylinder formed on one side of the top surface of the first partition 212 in the transverse direction; the semi-open cylinder 31 is coaxially arranged with the central column 32, which is beneficial to realize integrated drafting.

Further, please refer to FIGS. 1 to 4 together. As a specific embodiment of the antenna unit 5 provided by the present invention, the hollow cylinder 33 of the balun 3 can also be designed as a solid cylinder, and the hollow cylinder 33 is arranged on the reflector 11 and located near the semi-open cylinder 31; each balun 3 is set at the same height, and each balun 3 is arranged in a square shape to support a radiation unit 4 together. In this embodiment, adopting the arrangement of the hollow cylinder 33 is beneficial to reduce the mass of the antenna.

Further, please refer to FIGS. 1 to 4 together. As a specific embodiment of the antenna unit 5 provided by the present invention, the balun 3 is made of plastic, and then the inner wall, the outer wall and the top of the hollow tube 33 A copper layer is plated on the wall to realize the function of guiding and amplifying electromagnetic waves; metal copper is plated on the side wall and top surface of the center column 32 to make it conduct with the first partition 212; Metal copper is plated on the inner wall, outer wall and top surface of the balun 3 to realize its function. Balun 3 uses plastic as the medium, which can effectively reduce the manufacturing cost of the antenna, and at the same time reduce the quality of the antenna, which is conducive to the light weight and low cost of the antenna.

Further, please refer to Fig. 1 to Fig. 4 together, as a specific embodiment of the antenna unit 5 provided by the present invention, the top surfaces of the semi-open cylinder 31 and the hollow cylinder 33 are formed with two cylindrical convex 34, and the radiation unit 4 is provided with 8 through holes 41 for inserting the protrusions 34. The protrusions 34 do not need to play a conductive role. During installation, the balun 3 and the radiation unit 4 are welded together through the protrusions 34. Usually, the protrusions 34 also play a role in positioning the radiation unit 4 when the radiation unit 4 is installed. .

Further, please refer to Fig. 7 and Fig. 8, as a specific embodiment of the antenna unit 5 provided by the present invention, the radiating unit 4 is used for radiating and receiving electromagnetic waves, and it includes a flat plate 42 made of plastic, and the top of the flat plate 42 is The surface has a square radiation surface 43, the radiation surface 43 is divided into four square regions 44, and a ring-shaped conductive layer 47 is formed on each region 44 by means of copper plating, and the four regions 44 are insulated. , the part with hatching in the figure is an insulating surface, and the rest is a copper-plated surface. The two diagonal regions 44 are connected through a connecting piece 45, and the connecting piece 45 is also formed by copper plating. A second via hole 46 is opened on each connecting piece 45, and the central column 32 of the balun 3 passes through the second via hole 46. The via hole 46 conducts with the connection sheet 45 , and further conducts with the corresponding conductive layer 47 .

Further, please refer to Fig. 7 and Fig. 8, as a specific embodiment of the antenna unit 5 provided by the present invention, one of the connection boards leads to two opposite corners of the conductive layer 47 through the top surface of the flat plate 42, and the other connection board Then, conduction is conducted to the back of the plate 42 through a third via hole 48 , and then conduction is conducted to the conductive layer 47 diagonally corresponding to it through another third via hole 48 . Such an arrangement makes the structure very compact, which is conducive to the miniaturization of the antenna. Of course, the shape of each region 44 is not limited to a square shape, and the shape of each conductive layer 47 is not limited to the shape adopted in this embodiment.

Referring to FIG. 9 , the base station antenna provided by the present invention will now be described. The base station antenna includes a plurality of above-mentioned antenna units 5, and the plurality of antenna units 5 may or may not be arranged in a misplaced position. As a base station antenna, the invention is not only applicable to 5G dense arrays, but also to TD dual-channel or eight-channel antennas. It can be used as a fixed-inclination antenna, or as an electric-adjustable inclination antenna, or it can only work in the form of a binary oscillator. , The new base station antenna is not limited to the 5G frequency band, but also applies to the 2G, 3G, and 4G frequency bands.

The above are only preferred embodiments of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent replacements and improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention. Inside.

Claims (10)

1. An antenna unit, characterized in that, comprising: A base, which includes a reflection plate for reflecting electromagnetic waves to improve the sensitivity of antenna signals and isolation plates formed on opposite sides of the reflection plate; the surface of the reflection plate has a transverse direction and a longitudinal direction perpendicular to each other; a feed network, used to transmit the electromagnetic waves, the feed network is arranged on the reflector; a radiation unit, configured to emit or receive the electromagnetic wave; A plurality of baluns are arranged between the radiating unit and the feeding network; the radiating unit is electrically connected to the feeding network through the balun; the feeding network, the base and The balun integration setting. 2. The antenna unit according to claim 1, wherein the feed network comprises two feed lines isolated from each other, and the two feed lines are aligned on the longitudinal center line. 3. The antenna unit according to claim 2, characterized in that: each of the feed lines comprises a frame and a first partition, the frame is formed on the reflector, and the frame and the A groove is surrounded by the reflecting plate, and the groove extends along the lateral direction; the first separator is arranged in the middle of the groove and divides the groove into two channels, and the first A gap is formed between the partition plate and the inner side wall of the frame, and the two passages communicate through the gap. 4. The antenna unit according to claim 3, characterized in that: the frame body and the first partition are plastic parts, the inner side wall of the frame body and the side wall of the first partition A metal layer is plated on top, and the top surfaces of the frame body and the first partition are plated with a metal layer. 5. The antenna unit according to claim 4, characterized in that: a gap is formed on one side of each frame in the longitudinal direction, and each feeder circuit further includes a second partition, the One end of the second partition is connected to the first partition, and the other end protrudes out of the frame through the gap; the bottom side of the reflector is formed with a terminal for connecting with a radio frequency circuit, and the reflector A first via hole is formed, and the terminal is electrically connected to the second partition through the first via hole; both the terminal and the second partition are electrically isolated from the reflector. 6. The antenna unit according to claim 1, wherein two baluns are formed on both sides of the feed network in the lateral direction; the two baluns on the same side are electrically isolated from each other. 7. The antenna unit according to claim 6, wherein each of the baluns comprises a hollow cylinder, a half open cylinder and a central column, and the hollow cylinder, half open cylinder and a The central columns are electrically isolated from each other; the semi-open cylinders are arranged coaxially with the central columns; each of the central columns is electrically connected to the first partition, and each of the semi-open cylinders is connected to the corresponding The frame is electrically connected. 8. The antenna unit according to claim 7, characterized in that: the top surface of each of the hollow cylinders and the top surface of each of the semi-open cylinders are formed with protrusions, and the radiation unit is formed with multiple a through hole through which the protrusion is inserted. 9. The antenna unit according to claim 8, characterized in that: the radiating unit comprises an insulating flat panel, the top surface of the flat panel has a radiating surface, and the radiating surface has four regions electrically isolated from each other, Each of the regions is formed with an annular conductive layer; the four regions are divided into two first regions and two second regions, the two first regions are arranged diagonally, and the two second regions The areas are arranged diagonally and are respectively adjacent to the first areas; a connecting piece is passed between the conductive layers of the two first areas and the conductive layers of the two second areas conduction; each of the connecting pieces is formed with a second via hole for the central column to be inserted into. 10. A base station antenna, characterized in that: the base station antenna comprises a plurality of antenna units according to any one of claims 1 to 9.