CN109352000B - Piston ring inner hole finish machining method - Google Patents
Piston ring inner hole finish machining method Download PDFInfo
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- CN109352000B CN109352000B CN201811359054.1A CN201811359054A CN109352000B CN 109352000 B CN109352000 B CN 109352000B CN 201811359054 A CN201811359054 A CN 201811359054A CN 109352000 B CN109352000 B CN 109352000B
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- piston ring
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- positioning shaft
- hole
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23B—TURNING; BORING
- B23B35/00—Methods for boring or drilling, or for working essentially requiring the use of boring or drilling machines; Use of auxiliary equipment in connection with such methods
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23B—TURNING; BORING
- B23B41/00—Boring or drilling machines or devices specially adapted for particular work; Accessories specially adapted therefor
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
- B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
- B24B37/00—Lapping machines or devices; Accessories
- B24B37/02—Lapping machines or devices; Accessories designed for working surfaces of revolution
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
- B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
- B24B37/00—Lapping machines or devices; Accessories
- B24B37/27—Work carriers
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
- B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
- B24B41/00—Component parts such as frames, beds, carriages, headstocks
- B24B41/06—Work supports, e.g. adjustable steadies
- B24B41/061—Work supports, e.g. adjustable steadies axially supporting turning workpieces, e.g. magnetically, pneumatically
- B24B41/062—Work supports, e.g. adjustable steadies axially supporting turning workpieces, e.g. magnetically, pneumatically between centres; Dogs
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
- B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
- B24B49/00—Measuring or gauging equipment for controlling the feed movement of the grinding tool or work; Arrangements of indicating or measuring equipment, e.g. for indicating the start of the grinding operation
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
- B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
- B24B5/00—Machines or devices designed for grinding surfaces of revolution on work, including those which also grind adjacent plane surfaces; Accessories therefor
- B24B5/36—Single-purpose machines or devices
- B24B5/48—Single-purpose machines or devices for grinding walls of very fine holes, e.g. in drawing-dies
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Pistons, Piston Rings, And Cylinders (AREA)
- Gripping On Spindles (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a finish machining process for an inner hole of a piston ring, which comprises a clamp body, a positioning shaft and a piston ring, wherein the clamp body comprises a clamp base body and a clamping mechanism, the clamp base body is clamped on a three-jaw machine tool through a machine tool clamping part of the clamp base body, the positioning shaft is provided with a positioning hole, the positioning shaft can be inserted into the positioning hole to complete combination, a soft strip is used for wrapping the excircle of the piston ring in a combined state, the piston ring is sleeved in the positioning shaft to complete positioning, the clamping mechanism fixes the piston ring after positioning, the positioning shaft is pulled out of the positioning hole to complete disassembly, and then finish machining for the inner hole of the piston ring is completed The special machine tool and the transformed common machine tool can generate considerable economic benefits while ensuring the production efficiency.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of machining, in particular to a piston ring inner hole finish machining process.
Background
The piston ring is a common part in an engine, the appearance of the piston ring is in a ring shape, and the piston ring is a key part for the piston movement of the engine, so that the inner surface and the outer surface of the piston ring have higher size requirements, surface quality requirements and circular runout requirements; in the prior art, a common machine tool usually clamps the outer circle of a piston ring by three claws or four claws to process the inner hole, the mode has high positioning accuracy, but the outer circle of the piston ring has higher size requirement and surface quality requirement, and the clamping mode of rigid contact of the three claws or the four claws is very easy to cause the surface quality of the outer circle of the piston ring to be damaged or even cause deformation;
if the outer circle of the piston ring is covered by a soft strip material such as copper sheet and the like for protection, the surface quality cannot be damaged, but due to the fact that the material thickness is different, if the piston ring is clamped by three claws, the error generated by the protection mode can cause out-of-tolerance of the circular runout in a finishing process, for example, the thickness dimensional tolerance of a common strip material is +/-0.05 mm, and if the circular runout requirement of the piston ring is within 0.05mm, the out-of-tolerance of the circular runout of the piston ring can be caused; if four claws are used for clamping, the protection mode needs to ensure that the piston ring is coaxial with a main shaft of a machine tool by adjusting the positions of the four claws before each piston ring is processed, and the production efficiency is low due to time and labor consumption;
the piston rings are machined by customizing special machine tools or modifying common machine tools in some engine factories, but the cost of the special machine tools and modifying common machine tools is too high, the annual output of the piston rings is high in the engine factories which produce the engines in a large scale, for example, the annual output of the engine factories is 20W, the cost investment can generate good economic benefit, but in some engine maintenance factories, various parts which need to be replaced are machined according to the damaged parts and the damaged degree of the engine, the production type is medium-small scale production, for example, only 5000 piston rings which are used as maintenance parts need to be produced in the year, and the economic benefit which can be generated by purchasing the special machine tools or modifying the common machine tools with higher cost is not high.
In conclusion, for enterprises with middle and small batches of production types, the difficulty of ensuring the size of the inner hole of the piston ring after finish machining, not damaging the quality of the outer circle of the piston ring, and ensuring the production efficiency and the economic benefit becomes a problem faced by the enterprises.
Disclosure of Invention
The noun explains:
rotation precision: the revolving body is clamped on a chuck of the machine tool and rotates along with a main shaft of the machine tool to obtain a circular runout value.
And (3) coloring inspection: smearing color oily paint (such as red lead) which can be wiped off in the conical hole surface to ensure that the conical hole surface is completely covered, inserting the shaft with the conical surface into the conical hole to be in taper fit, rotating the shaft clockwise or anticlockwise, taking out the shaft for observation, and observing the covering condition of the conical surface color oily paint on the shaft.
The sealing strength: percentage of colored oil based paint on the taper of the resulting shaft after the color check method.
Sealing: the colored oil paint is coated on the conical surface of the shaft by a coloring inspection method.
Circular run-out: it is the difference between the maximum and minimum readings measured by a fixed indicator (usually a combination of a magnetometer stand + a dial or a dial gauge) in a given direction during one revolution of the element about the reference axis.
Three claws: the machine tool accessory is specifically provided with three movable clamping jaws which are uniformly distributed on a chuck body of the machine tool, and the clamping jaws are matched with a chuck to have a self-centering effect and can move along the radial direction of the chuck of the machine tool so as to fix a workpiece.
Four claws: the machine tool accessory is specifically provided with four movable clamping jaws which are uniformly distributed on a chuck body of the machine tool, has no self-centering function, and can move along the radial direction of a chuck of the machine tool to fix a workpiece.
The invention aims to provide a finish machining process for an inner hole of a piston ring, which aims at solving the problems that the size and the surface quality of the piston ring cannot be ensured by using a traditional machine tool and the production cost is high by modifying the machine tool or purchasing a special machine tool in enterprises with low annual output of the piston ring and medium and small batch production types:
the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
a piston ring inner hole finish machining process comprises the following machining steps:
a) clamping a machine tool clamping part on a machine tool three-jaw chuck P to enable a clamp base body and a machine tool spindle to synchronously rotate;
b) inserting the positioning shaft into a positioning hole in the clamp base body;
c) wrapping the outer shaft surface of the piston ring with a soft strip, and sleeving the inner hole surface of the piston ring into the positioning shaft;
d) pressing the soft strip on the outer axial surface of the piston ring by a clamping mechanism;
e) drawing the positioning shaft away from the fixture base;
f) and rotating the main shaft of the machine tool to enable the cutting tool to extend into the inner hole of the piston ring to finish machining.
g) And loosening the clamping mechanism, taking out the piston ring, and inserting the positioning shaft into the positioning hole.
h) And c, repeating the steps c to g until batch processing of the piston rings is completed.
The invention aims to provide a processing method, which can be matched with a clamp and can carry out finish machining on an inner hole of a piston ring by using a three-jaw chuck on a common machine tool, the size of the inner hole of the piston ring is ensured, and the quality of the outer surface of the piston ring is not damaged, so that the design is adopted, and the overall design concept is as follows:
piston ring hole finish machining, the difficult point lies in guaranteeing that the piston ring internal hole is beated to the circle of piston ring excircle, traditional processing means, because there is the location relation between excircle and the hole, so need use the piston ring excircle to process the piston ring hole as the location benchmark, the circle is beated in the side can be guaranteed, but here is because the piston ring excircle has higher requirements for quality, the mode that adopts the location piston ring excircle must use three-jaw centre gripping piston ring excircle, this kind of rigid contact mode causes the damage of piston ring excircle easily, in order to avoid this risk, change the mode of traditional excircle location processing hole into the processing mode of hole self-align, based on this thinking, adopt following scheme:
the core thought of this scheme is, when piston ring hole and machine tool spindle have the coaxial relation, just think that the piston ring is in the exact processing position, and can realize the finish machining to the piston ring hole in this position, so there should be the anchor clamps that use in a set of course of working, setting element on this anchor clamps can realize clearance fit with the piston ring hole, make the piston ring be in the exact processing position, after being in the exact processing position, anchor clamps can fix the piston ring, make the piston ring keep the exact processing position, and after the piston ring keeps the exact processing position, before using cutting tool to process the piston ring hole, this setting element can take out the piston ring hole, and remove the clearance fit with the piston ring hole, around this core thought, a ~ h's processing step has been adopted:
a) clamping a machine tool clamping part on a machine tool three-jaw chuck P to enable a clamp base body and a machine tool spindle to synchronously rotate; at the moment, the clamp base body and the machine tool main shaft are connected into a fixed whole by the machine tool clamping part, and the clamp base body is of a stepped shaft structure, so that the machine tool main shaft and the clamp base body have a coaxial relation A;
b) inserting the positioning shaft into a positioning hole in the clamp base body; the positioning hole is designed to be coaxial with the clamp base body, and the positioning shaft is matched with the positioning hole through the hole shaft, so that the positioning shaft and the clamp base body form a coaxial relation B after the positioning shaft is inserted into the positioning hole;
c) wrapping the outer shaft surface of the piston ring with a soft strip, and sleeving the inner hole surface of the piston ring into the positioning shaft; the piston ring inner hole is in clearance fit with the positioning shaft, so that the positioning shaft and the piston ring inner hole form a coaxial relation C, and due to the coaxial relation A and the coaxial relation B, a coaxial relation D can be deduced that the piston ring inner hole and a machine tool spindle form a coaxial relation D at the moment;
d) pressing the soft strip on the outer axial surface of the piston ring by a clamping mechanism; after the piston ring is positioned at a correct machining position, the piston ring needs to be fixed by a clamp and can be kept unchanged in the whole machining process, so that a clamping mechanism is needed to fix the piston ring, if the clamping mechanism directly clamps the excircle of the piston ring, the excircle of the piston ring is clamped by rigid contact to scrap parts, so that the excircle of the piston ring is protected by wrapping a soft strip material, the clamping mechanism acts on the soft strip material, the soft strip material plays a buffering role in clamping the piston ring in the step, the clamping mechanism and the excircle of the piston ring are in flexible contact, and the outer surface of the piston ring is protected from being clamped while being fixed.
e) Drawing the positioning shaft away from the fixture base; in the steps b to D, the piston ring is already positioned and kept at the correct machining position unchanged, and the coaxial relation D still exists, so that the positioning shaft is pulled away at the moment, the machining position of the piston ring cannot be changed, and meanwhile, the clearance fit relation between the inner hole of the piston ring and the positioning shaft is also released, so that the interference on the machining inner hole of the cutting tool cannot be generated.
f) Rotating the main shaft of the machine tool to enable the cutting tool to extend into the inner hole of the piston ring to finish machining;
g) loosening the clamping mechanism, taking out the piston ring, and inserting the positioning shaft into the positioning hole; the single piston ring is machined, the positioning shaft is inserted, and initialization preparation is made for the next piston ring.
h) Repeating the steps c-g until batch processing of the piston rings is completed; c-g are continuously circulated, so that batch production of piston rings can be completed, and the purpose of finishing the inner hole of the piston ring by adopting the method is stably and effectively realized.
In conclusion, by adopting the processing method, the inner hole of the piston ring realizes self-positioning processing by the positioning shaft, and the outer circle of the piston ring is wrapped and protected by the soft strip material in the processing process, so that the quality of the outer circle of the piston ring is ensured not to be damaged, the invention aims at the finish machining of the inner hole of the piston ring, and is used on a common machine tool such as a grinding machine or a numerical control lathe, so that for enterprises of medium and small batch production types, a special machine tool does not need to be purchased or a common machine tool is not needed to be modified, a four-jaw machine tool is not needed to be adopted for machining, before each piston ring is machined, the piston ring is coaxial with the main shaft of the machine tool by adjusting the position of the four claws, the batch processing of the piston ring can be completed only by matching the clamp with a three-claw machine tool, the production efficiency is ensured while the cost is saved and better economic benefit is brought for enterprises in medium and small batch production.
Furthermore, the positioning hole is a taper hole, and the positioning shaft comprises a guide part, a straight section part and a taper part;
for the step b, the specific mode of the step b is as follows: an operator holds the guide part by hand, inserts a positioning shaft into the positioning hole, enables the conical part to be in taper fit with the positioning hole, and finishes the step b until the positioning hole cannot be inserted continuously in the axial direction; the taper fit is different from the traditional clearance fit between the cylindrical hole and the cylindrical shaft, and the cylindrical hole and the cylindrical shaft can not be completely consistent due to the existence of manufacturing errors, so the actual fit state of the cylindrical hole shaft is interference fit or clearance fit, compared with the interference fit, the taper fit is easy to disassemble, the switching between the combination state and the disassembly state of the positioning shaft and the clamp base body is convenient to realize easily, compared with the clearance fit, due to the conical surface characteristic of taper fit, when the hole shafts have axial relative motion tendency, mutual extrusion force can be generated among the conical surfaces, the extrusion force can completely eliminate the gap between the conical surfaces of the positioning shaft and the positioning hole, so that the conical surfaces of the positioning shaft and the positioning hole are jointed, errors generated in processing due to the existence of the gap are avoided, the machining precision of the inner hole of the piston ring is further improved, and the axial relative movement trend is generated in the process that the positioning shaft is inserted into the positioning hole; and c, after the piston ring inner hole surface is sleeved into the positioning shaft, the piston ring inner hole is in clearance fit with the straight section part.
In conclusion, the guiding part is convenient for an operator to hold the positioning shaft to insert and pull out, the gap can be eliminated by the taper part of the positioning shaft and the taper hole design of the positioning hole, the machining precision of the inner hole of the piston ring is improved, and the straight section part is used for establishing a coaxial relation between the positioning shaft and the piston ring.
Further, a step m should be performed between the step b and the step c, where the step m is to check the rotation precision S of the positioning shaft, and the specific manner of the step m is as follows: rotating the main shaft of the machine tool to enable the positioning shaft to rotate synchronously, and using a magnetic gauge stand to erect a dial gauge to check the rotation precision S of the positioning shaft, wherein the specific detection means X of the rotation precision S is as follows: the dial indicator is attached to the straight section part, and the reading change value of the dial indicator is the revolution precision S when the positioning shaft rotates for a circle; and c, if the rotation precision S is less than or equal to 0.01mm, executing the step c. Before finish machining of an inner hole of a first piston ring, the rotation precision S of the positioning shaft needs to be checked, if the rotation precision S is out of tolerance, S is larger than 0.01mm, at the moment, due to the fact that a machine tool spindle, a clamp base body, a positioning hole and the positioning shaft are connected, the coaxial relation of the machine tool spindle and the piston ring cannot be guaranteed, the piston ring is not located at a correct machining position, and then the related size of the inner hole of the piston ring cannot be guaranteed during subsequent steps.
Further, step m is performed once, while checking the rotation accuracy S of the positioning shaft once per 100 piston rings. The rotary precision S of the positioning shaft is required to be checked in batch processing of piston rings, the positioning shaft is repeatedly inserted into and pulled out of the positioning hole in the processing process, the rotary precision S is easily out of tolerance due to abrasion generated in the process, the checking frequency is 100 pieces/time according to actual processing experience, the quality of an inner hole of the piston ring is guaranteed, and the production efficiency in the whole processing process is not influenced.
Further, the method further comprises a step n, wherein the step n is located between the step m and the step c, the step n is used for restoring the rotation precision S, and the specific mode for restoring the rotation precision S is as follows: placing the fixture base body together with the positioning shaft inserted into the fixture base body into a three-jaw chuck Q of a grinding machine tool, enabling the three-jaw chuck Q to clamp a clamping part of the grinding machine tool, rotating a main shaft of the grinding machine tool, and grinding the straight section part by using a grinding rod; after grinding, detecting the primary rotation precision S by the detection means X after the step n is finished, executing the step m, and continuing to execute the step c if S is less than or equal to 0.01 mm; if S is greater than 0.01mm, repeating step n until S is less than or equal to 0.01 mm. Should carry out corresponding restoration work when gyration precision S is out of tolerance, the concrete mode is as a whole with anchor clamps base member and location axle, synchronous rotation on grinding the machine, then carry out the grinding to location axle surface and restore, and the abrasive machining size precision is high, and the machining allowance is little, can not make location axle size great change appear when guaranteeing effectual restoration, and then causes the clearance fit of location axle and piston ring hole too big, and leads to the unable normal processing of product.
Furthermore, when the grinding rod grinds the straight section part, the fastening screw is screwed in, so that the fastening screw presses the conical part and is fixed on the positioning hole until the positioning shaft cannot rotate freely. The set screw can make the location axle and the anchor clamps base member form interim connection for repair work effectively goes on.
Further, a step X should be performed between the step b and the step c, where the step X is a coloring check, and the specific manner of the coloring check is as follows: smearing oily color paint on the surface of the positioning hole, inserting the positioning shaft into the positioning hole for taper fit, holding the guide part by hand after the taper fit is finished, enabling the cone part to rotate clockwise or anticlockwise for three circles relative to the positioning hole, and taking out to observe the surface tight joint of the cone part; and c, if the sealing strength is more than or equal to 90%, executing the step c. Before the first piston ring piece is processed, the tightness degree of the taper fit between the positioning hole and the positioning shaft is checked, the positioning shaft needs to be repeatedly inserted into and pulled out of the positioning hole when the piston rings are processed in batches by adopting the method, the conical surfaces of the positioning hole and the positioning shaft are easily abraded, so the quality of the taper fit is influenced, further influencing the finish machining size of the inner hole of the piston ring, the coloring inspection is a common method for inspecting the quality of the taper fit, the condition that the oily color paint is attached to the conical surface of the positioning hole after coloring inspection is the tight joint, the tightness of taper fit can be reflected, according to the practical processing experience, when the close contact degree is more than 90%, effective positioning can be provided, and the common red lead in a factory is used as a coating for coloring inspection, the red lead is commonly used as a temporary mark in the manufacturing and processing process of parts, and the red lead is very suitable for the invention because the daubing part of the red lead is easy to wipe and remove.
Further, for every 100 piston rings to be processed, a coloring inspection should be performed, i.e., step X is performed once. In the batch production process of finish machining of the piston ring inner hole, in order to ensure the stable size of the piston ring inner hole in the whole batch, a coloring inspection method is applied to carry out sampling inspection on the taper fit quality of the positioning hole and the positioning shaft, and according to the actual machining experience, the sampling inspection frequency is 100 pieces/time, so that the quality of the piston ring inner hole is ensured, and the whole production efficiency is not influenced.
Further, the method also comprises a step Y, wherein the step Y is positioned between the step X and the step c, the step Y is used for repairing the sealing strength, and the repairing sealing strength is specifically realized by the following steps: placing the fixture base body together with the positioning shaft inserted into the fixture base body into a three-jaw chuck Q of a grinding machine tool, enabling the three-jaw chuck Q to clamp a clamping part of the grinding machine tool, rotating a main shaft of the grinding machine tool, and grinding the conical surfaces of the positioning hole and the conical part by using a grinding rod; after grinding, after finishing the step Y, carrying out the coloring inspection again, namely, carrying out the step X once, and if the sealing strength is more than or equal to 90 percent, continuing to carry out the step c; if the sealing strength is less than 90%, repeating the step Y until the sealing strength is more than or equal to 90%. When the taper fit quality is unqualified, the conical surface is ground and repaired, the grinding machining precision is high, the machining allowance is small, the quality of the conical surface with high precision is guaranteed, and the size of the conical surface is controlled.
Further, the specific manner of step d is as follows:
the method comprises the following steps: the two compression bolts are screwed into threaded holes in the part processing part, and at the moment, the two compression blocks are visually observed to be in contact with the outer circle of the piston ring without any gap, and the screwing is stopped; step two: and continuously symmetrically and uniformly screwing the upper and lower compression bolts, stopping when both hands synchronously screw in the compression bolts or one side screws in 1/5-1/2 circles, and screwing the compression bolts in the opposite side with the same number of circles until the pressing block completely fixes the excircle of the piston ring. The process of clamping the piston ring should uniformly apply the clamping force, so as to avoid the deformation of the piston ring or the positioning shaft caused by uneven stress.
Further, the method for determining that the pressing block completely fixes the outer circle of the piston ring comprises the following steps: the excircle of the piston ring is held by hand and rotates clockwise, if the clamp base body rotates synchronously along with the piston ring at the moment, the excircle of the complete piston ring is completely fixed by the pressing block. The method is simple and effective and is convenient to implement in the processing process.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages and beneficial effects:
1. the invention can solve the problem that the outer circle surface quality of a piston ring can be damaged due to direct rigid contact and even the deformation is caused by overlarge clamping force when a common machine tool is directly clamped in finish machining in the prior art, and ensures that the part is fully protected from being damaged by clamping in the clamping process.
2. By applying the invention, when the copper sheet is wrapped to protect the excircle in the process of clamping the part, the problem that the positioning cannot be realized due to different thicknesses of the copper sheet in the process of three-jaw clamping is solved, so that the positioning can still be realized, and the final size and position tolerance of the product are ensured.
3. By applying the invention, the complicated process that the piston ring and the machine tool spindle are coaxial by adjusting the four-jaw position before each piston ring is required to be processed in the prior art for four-jaw clamping can be avoided, and the production efficiency is greatly improved;
4. by applying the invention, the purchase of a special machine tool or the modification of the machine tool can be avoided to realize the finish machining of parts, the production cost is reduced, and the invention is suitable for the production types of various enterprises in small and medium-sized batches.
To sum up, to the enterprise that the production type is medium and small batch, when guaranteeing piston ring hole size after the finish machining, avoided piston ring excircle quality to suffer destruction, and guaranteed production efficiency and economic benefits.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the embodiments of the invention and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this application, illustrate embodiment(s) of the invention and together with the description serve to explain the principles of the invention. In the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a method of processing according to one embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is an isometric view of a clamp used in one embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of step b according to an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of step c according to one embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 5 is a diagram illustrating step e according to an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 6 is a diagram illustrating step g according to an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 7 is a front view of a fixture used in one embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 8 is a cross-sectional view of a fixture A-A used in one embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 9 is an enlarged view of fig. 8 at II.
FIG. 10 is a schematic view of a positioning shaft according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Reference numbers and corresponding part names in the drawings:
11-clamp base body, 111-machine tool clamping part, 112-part processing part, 12-clamping mechanism, 122-pressing block, 123-pressing bolt, 13-set screw, 2-positioning shaft, 21-guiding part, 22-straight part, 23-conical part and 3-piston ring.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is further described in detail below with reference to examples and accompanying drawings, and the exemplary embodiments and descriptions thereof are only used for explaining the present invention and are not meant to limit the present invention.
Fig. 1 to 9 show a preferred embodiment of the present invention:
the invention adopts the fixture shown in fig. 2 to process the piston ring 3, and the processing steps adopted by the invention as shown in fig. 1 comprise:
a) clamping the machine tool clamping part 111 on a machine tool three-jaw chuck P to enable the clamp base body 11 and a machine tool spindle to synchronously rotate;
b) as shown in fig. 3, the positioning shaft 2 is inserted into the positioning hole in the jig base body 11;
c) as shown in fig. 4, the outer axial surface of the piston ring 3 is wrapped with a soft strip, and then the inner hole surface of the piston ring 3 is sleeved into the positioning shaft 2;
d) pressing the soft strip material on the outer axial surface of the piston ring 3 by a clamping mechanism 12;
e) as shown in fig. 5, the positioning shaft 2 is pulled away from the jig base 11;
f) and (3) rotating the main shaft of the machine tool to enable the cutting tool to extend into the inner hole of the piston ring 3, and finishing machining.
g) As shown in fig. 6, the clamping mechanism 12 is released and the piston ring 3 is removed, and the positioning shaft 2 is inserted into the positioning hole.
h) And c, repeating the steps c to g until the batch processing of the piston rings 3 is completed.
The invention aims to provide a processing method, which can be matched with a clamp and can carry out finish machining on an inner hole of a piston ring 3 by using a three-jaw chuck on a common machine tool, the size of the inner hole of the piston ring 3 is ensured, and the quality of the outer surface of the piston ring 3 cannot be damaged, so that the design is adopted, and the overall design concept is as follows:
3 hole finish machining of piston ring, the difficult point lies in guaranteeing that 3 holes of piston ring are beated to the circle of 3 excircles of piston ring, traditional processing means, because there is the location relation between excircle and the hole, so need use 3 excircles of piston ring to process 3 holes of piston ring for the location benchmark, the circle is beated in the side can be guaranteed, but here is because 3 excircles of piston ring have higher requirements for quality, the mode that adopts 3 excircles of location piston ring must use three-jaw centre gripping piston ring 3 excircles, this kind of rigid contact mode causes the damage of 3 excircles of piston ring easily, in order to avoid this risk, change the mode of traditional excircle location processing hole into the processing mode of hole self-align, based on this thinking:
the core thought of this scheme is, when 3 holes of piston ring and lathe main shaft have the coaxial relation, just think that piston ring 3 is in the correct processing position, and can realize the finish machining to 3 holes of piston ring in this position, so there should be a set of anchor clamps that use in the course of working, setting element on this anchor clamps can realize clearance fit with 3 holes of piston ring, make piston ring 3 be in the correct processing position, after being in the correct processing position, anchor clamps can fix piston ring 3, make piston ring 3 keep the correct processing position, and after piston ring 3 keeps the correct processing position, before using cutting tool processing 3 holes of piston ring, this setting element can take out 3 holes of piston ring, and remove the clearance fit with 3 holes of piston ring, around this core thought, a ~ h's processing step has been adopted:
a) clamping the machine tool clamping part 111 on a machine tool three-jaw chuck P to enable the clamp base body 11 and a machine tool spindle to synchronously rotate; at the moment, the clamp base body 11 and the machine tool spindle are connected into a fixed whole by means of the machine tool clamping part 111, the clamp base body 11 is of a stepped shaft structure, and the machine tool spindle and the clamp base body 11 are in a coaxial relation A in the clamping mode;
b) as shown in fig. 3, the positioning shaft 2 is inserted into the positioning hole in the jig base body 11; the positioning hole is designed to be coaxial with the clamp base body 11, and the positioning shaft 2 is matched with the positioning hole through a hole shaft, so that after the positioning shaft 2 is inserted into the positioning hole, the positioning shaft 2 and the clamp base body 11 form a coaxial relation B;
c) as shown in fig. 4, the outer axial surface of the piston ring 3 is wrapped with a soft strip, and since the copper strip is a common consumable material in a factory and is convenient to cut, the invention preferably uses the copper strip with the thickness specification of 0.1-0.2 mm to wrap, and then the inner axial surface of the piston ring 3 is sleeved in the positioning shaft 2; the inner hole of the piston ring 3 is in clearance fit with the positioning shaft 2, so the positioning shaft 2 and the inner hole of the piston ring 3 form a coaxial relation C, and due to the coaxial relation A and the coaxial relation B, the coaxial relation D can be deduced that the inner hole of the piston ring 3 and a machine tool spindle form a coaxial relation D at the moment, and the piston ring 3 is positioned at a correct processing position at the moment depending on the coaxial relation D, after the position is positioned, the inner hole of the piston ring 3 can be finely processed, and the positioning shaft 2 plays a role of a bridge for establishing the coaxial relation between the piston ring 3 and the machine tool spindle;
d) pressing the copper strip material on the outer axial surface of the piston ring 3 by the clamping mechanism 12; after the piston ring 3 is positioned at a correct machining position, the piston ring 3 needs to be fixed by a clamp and can be kept unchanged in the whole machining process, so that the piston ring 3 needs to be fixed by a clamping mechanism 12, and if the clamping mechanism 12 directly clamps the excircle of the piston ring 3, the excircle of the piston ring 3 is clamped by rigid contact to scrap parts, so that the excircle of the piston ring 3 is protected by wrapping a copper strip, the clamping mechanism 12 acts on the copper strip, the piston ring 3 is clamped by the copper strip, and the copper strip plays a role in buffering in the step, so that the excircle of the clamping mechanism 12 and the piston ring 3 is changed into flexible contact, and the outer surface of the piston ring 3 is protected from being clamped while being fixed.
e) As shown in fig. 5, the positioning shaft 2 is pulled away from the jig base 11; because the piston ring 3 is already positioned and kept at the correct machining position unchanged in the steps b to D, the coaxial relation D still exists, so that the positioning shaft 2 is pulled away at the moment, the machining position of the piston ring 3 cannot be changed, and meanwhile, the clearance fit relation between the inner hole of the piston ring 3 and the positioning shaft 2 is also released, so that the interference on the machining inner hole of the cutting tool cannot be generated.
f) As shown in fig. 6, the machine tool spindle is rotated to make the cutting tool extend into the inner hole of the piston ring 3, and the machining is finished;
g) loosening the clamping mechanism 12, taking out the piston ring 3, and inserting the positioning shaft 2 into the positioning hole; the machining of the single piston ring 3 is completed and the positioning shaft 2 is inserted in preparation for the initialization of the next piston ring 3 machining.
h) Repeating the steps c-g until batch processing of the piston rings 3 is completed; c-g are continuously circulated, so that batch production of the piston rings 3 can be completed, and the purpose of finishing the inner holes of the piston rings 3 by adopting the method is stably and effectively realized.
In conclusion, by adopting the processing method, the inner hole of the piston ring 3 realizes self-positioning processing by the positioning shaft 2, and the outer circle of the piston ring 3 is wrapped and protected by the soft strip material in the processing process, so the purpose of finish processing the inner hole of the piston ring 3 is well realized while ensuring that the quality of the outer circle of the piston ring 3 is not damaged, and the invention is used on a common machine tool such as a grinding machine or a numerical control lathe, so for enterprises of medium and small batch production types, a special machine tool does not need to be purchased or a common machine tool is not needed to be modified, four-jaw machine tool processing is also not needed to be adopted, the piston ring 3 is coaxial with a main shaft of the machine tool by adjusting the four-jaw position before each piece of piston ring 3 is processed, the batch processing of the piston ring 3 can be completed only by matching the clamp with the three-jaw, the production efficiency is ensured.
Further, as shown in fig. 10, the positioning hole is a tapered hole, and the positioning shaft 2 includes a guide portion 21, a straight portion 22 and a tapered portion 23;
for the step b, the specific mode of the step b is as follows: an operator holds the guide part 21 by hand, inserts the positioning shaft 2 into the positioning hole, and enables the conical part 23 to be in taper fit with the positioning hole until the insertion action can not be continued in the axial direction of the positioning hole, and the step b is finished; the taper fit is different from the traditional clearance fit between the cylindrical hole and the cylindrical shaft, and the cylindrical hole and the cylindrical shaft can not be completely consistent due to the existence of manufacturing errors, so the actual fit state of the cylindrical hole shaft is interference fit or clearance fit, compared with the interference fit, the taper fit is easy to disassemble, the switching between the combined state and the disassembled state of the positioning shaft 2 and the clamp base body 11 is convenient to realize, compared with the clearance fit, due to the conical surface characteristic of taper fit, when the hole shafts have axial relative motion tendency, mutual extrusion force can be generated among the conical surfaces, the extrusion force can completely eliminate the gap between the positioning shaft 2 and the conical surface of the positioning hole, so that the conical surfaces of the positioning shaft and the positioning hole are jointed, errors generated in the processing due to the existence of the gap are avoided, the processing precision of the inner hole of the piston ring 3 is further improved, and the axial relative movement trend is generated in the process that the positioning shaft 2 is inserted into the positioning hole; and c, after the inner hole surface of the piston ring 3 is sleeved in the positioning shaft 2, the inner hole of the piston ring 3 is in clearance fit with the straight section part 22.
In conclusion, the guiding portion 21 facilitates the operator to insert and withdraw the positioning shaft 2 by holding the positioning shaft, the taper 23 of the positioning shaft 2 and the taper hole of the positioning hole can eliminate the gap, the machining precision of the inner hole of the piston ring 3 is improved, and the straight section 22 is used for establishing the coaxial relationship between the positioning shaft 2 and the piston ring 3.
Further, as shown in fig. 1, a step m should be added between the step b and the step c, where the step m is to check the rotation precision S of the positioning shaft 2, and the specific manner of the step m is as follows: rotating the main shaft of the machine tool to enable the positioning shaft 2 to rotate synchronously, and using a magnetic gauge stand to erect a dial gauge to check the rotation precision S of the positioning shaft 2, wherein the specific detection means X of the rotation precision S is as follows: the dial indicator is attached to the straight section part 22, and the reading change value of the dial indicator is the revolution precision S when the positioning shaft 2 rotates for a circle; and c, if the rotation precision S is less than or equal to 0.01mm, executing the step c. Before finish machining of an inner hole of a first piston ring 3, the rotation precision S of the positioning shaft 2 needs to be checked, if the rotation precision S is out of tolerance, S is larger than 0.01mm, at the moment, due to the fact that a machine tool spindle, the clamp base body 11, the positioning hole and the positioning shaft 2 are connected with each other, the coaxial relation between the machine tool spindle and the piston ring 3 cannot be guaranteed, the piston ring 3 is not located at a correct machining position, and further, the related size of the inner hole of the piston ring 3 cannot be guaranteed during subsequent steps.
Further, as shown in fig. 1, the rotation accuracy S of the positioning shaft 2 should be checked once every 100 piston rings 3 are machined, and step m is performed once. The rotary precision S of the positioning shaft 2 is required to be checked in the process of batch processing of the piston rings 3, the positioning shaft 2 is repeatedly inserted into and pulled out of the positioning hole in the processing process, the rotary precision S is easily out of tolerance due to abrasion generated in the process, the checking frequency is 100 pieces/time according to actual processing experience, the quality of inner holes of the piston rings 3 is guaranteed, and the production efficiency in the whole processing process is not influenced.
Further, as shown in fig. 1, the method further includes a step n, where the step n is located between the step m and the step c, and the step n is to repair the rotation precision S, where the specific way of repairing the rotation precision S is as follows: placing the fixture base body 11 together with the positioning shaft 2 inserted therein in a three-jaw chuck Q of a grinding machine tool, so that the three-jaw chuck Q clamps a machine tool clamping part 111, rotating a main shaft of the grinding machine tool, and grinding the straight section 22 with a grinding rod; after grinding, detecting the primary rotation precision S by the detection means X after the step n is finished, executing the step m, and continuing to execute the step c if S is less than or equal to 0.01 mm; if S is greater than 0.01mm, repeating step n until S is less than or equal to 0.01 mm. Should carry out corresponding restoration work when gyration precision S is out of tolerance, the concrete mode is as a whole with anchor clamps base member 11 and location axle 2, synchronous rotation on grinding the machine, then carry out the grinding to location axle 2 surfaces and restore, grind the machining size precision height, the machining allowance is little, can not make location axle 2 sizes great change appear when guaranteeing effectual restoration, and then cause the clearance fit volume of location axle 2 and piston ring 3 hole too big, and lead to the unable normal processing of product.
Further, as shown in fig. 8 and 9, when the grinding rod grinds the straight portion 22, the set screw 13 is screwed so that the set screw 13 presses and fixes the tapered portion 23 to the positioning hole until the positioning shaft 2 cannot rotate freely. The set screws 13 enable the positioning shaft 2 to be temporarily connected to the clamp base body 11, so that the repair work can be carried out efficiently.
Further, as shown in fig. 1, a step X should be added between step b and step c, where step X is a coloring check, and the specific manner of the coloring check is as follows: smearing oily color paint on the surface of the positioning hole, inserting the positioning shaft 2 into the positioning hole for taper fit, and after the taper fit is finished, holding the guide part 21 by hand to enable the cone part 23 to rotate clockwise or anticlockwise for three circles relative to the positioning hole, and taking out to observe the surface sealing strength of the cone part 23; and c, if the sealing strength is more than or equal to 90%, executing the step c. Before the first piece of the piston ring 3 is processed, the tightness degree of the taper fit between the positioning hole and the positioning shaft 2 is checked, the piston ring 3 is processed in batch by adopting the method, the positioning shaft 2 needs to be repeatedly inserted into and pulled out of the positioning hole, the conical surfaces of the positioning hole and the positioning shaft 2 are easily worn, the taper fit quality is influenced, and further the finish machining size of the inner hole of the piston ring 3 is influenced, the coloring inspection is a common method for checking the taper fit quality, the tightness degree can be reflected by the condition that oil-based color paint is attached to the conical surface of the positioning hole after the coloring inspection, effective positioning can be provided when the tightness degree is more than 90 percent according to the actual processing experience, red lead commonly used in factories is used as paint for the coloring inspection, the red lead is commonly used as a temporary mark in the manufacturing and processing process of parts, and the smearing part of the, are well suited for use in the present invention.
Further, as shown in fig. 1, a coloring inspection should be performed once every 100 piston rings 3 are processed, i.e., a step X is performed once. In the batch production process of finish machining of the inner hole of the piston ring 3, in order to ensure the stable size of the inner hole of the piston ring 3 in the whole batch, a coloring inspection method is applied to carry out selective inspection on the taper fit quality of the positioning hole and the positioning shaft 2, and the selective inspection frequency is 100 pieces/time according to the actual processing experience, so that the quality of the inner hole of the piston ring 3 is ensured, and the whole production efficiency is not influenced.
Further, as shown in fig. 1, the method further includes a step Y, where the step Y is located between the step X and the step c, and the step Y is a repair adhesion, and the repair adhesion is specifically: placing the fixture base body 11 together with the positioning shaft 2 inserted therein in a three-jaw chuck Q of a grinding machine tool, so that the three-jaw chuck Q clamps a machine tool clamping part 111, rotating a main shaft of the grinding machine tool, and grinding the conical surfaces of the positioning hole and the conical part 23 by using a grinding rod; after grinding, after finishing the step Y, carrying out the coloring inspection again, namely, carrying out the step X once, and if the sealing strength is more than or equal to 90 percent, continuing to carry out the step c; if the sealing strength is less than 90%, repeating the step Y until the sealing strength is more than or equal to 90%. When the taper fit quality is unqualified, the conical surface is ground and repaired, the grinding machining precision is high, the machining allowance is small, the quality of the conical surface with high precision is guaranteed, and the size of the conical surface is controlled.
Further, as shown in fig. 7, the specific manner of step d is as follows:
the method comprises the following steps: the two compression bolts 123 are screwed into threaded holes in the part processing part 112, and at the moment, the two compression blocks 122 are visually observed to be in contact with the outer circle of the piston ring 3 without any gap, and the screwing is stopped; step two: and continuously symmetrically and uniformly screwing the upper and lower compression bolts 123, stopping when both hands are synchronously screwed in or one side is screwed in 1/5-1/2 circles when the compression bolts 123 are screwed in, and screwing the compression bolts 123 in the same number of circles on the opposite side until the pressing block 122 completely fixes the outer circle of the piston ring 3. The process of clamping the piston ring 3 should be to apply the clamping force evenly, avoid the uneven atress to cause the deformation of piston ring 3 or location axle 2.
Further, the method for determining that the pressing block 122 completely fixes the outer circle of the piston ring 3 is as follows: the outer circle of the piston ring 3 is held by hand and rotates clockwise, if the clamp base body 11 rotates synchronously along with the piston ring 3 at the moment, the outer circle of the complete piston ring 3 is completely fixed by the pressing block 122. The method is simple and effective and is convenient to implement in the processing process.
The above-mentioned embodiments are intended to illustrate the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention in further detail, and it should be understood that the above-mentioned embodiments are merely exemplary embodiments of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements and the like made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. The piston ring inner hole finish machining process is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
the finish machining step of the inner hole of the piston ring (3) comprises the following steps:
a. clamping a machine tool clamping part (111) on a machine tool three-jaw chuck P to enable a clamp base body (11) and a machine tool main shaft to synchronously rotate;
b. inserting the positioning shaft (2) into a positioning hole in the clamp base body (11);
c. wrapping the outer shaft surface of the piston ring (3) with a soft strip, and sleeving the inner hole surface of the piston ring (3) into the positioning shaft (2);
d. pressing the soft strip material on the outer axial surface of the piston ring (3) by a clamping mechanism (12);
e. drawing the positioning shaft (2) away from the clamp base body (11);
f. rotating a main shaft of the machine tool to enable the cutting tool to extend into an inner hole of the piston ring (3) to finish machining;
g. loosening the clamping mechanism (12) and taking out the piston ring (3), and inserting the positioning shaft (2) into the positioning hole
h. Repeating the steps c-g until batch processing of the piston rings (3) is completed;
a step m is also arranged between the step b and the step c, the step m is used for checking the rotation precision S of the positioning shaft (2), and the specific mode of the step m is as follows: rotating a main shaft of the machine tool to enable the positioning shaft (2) to rotate synchronously, erecting a dial indicator by using a magnetic indicator base to check the rotation precision S of the positioning shaft (2), wherein the specific detection means X of the rotation precision S is as follows: the dial indicator is attached to the straight section part (22), and the reading change value of the dial indicator is the revolution precision S when the positioning shaft (2) rotates for a circle;
if the rotation precision S is less than or equal to 0.01mm, executing the step c;
a step n is also arranged between the step m and the step c, the step n is used for restoring the rotation precision S, and the specific mode for restoring the rotation precision S is as follows: placing the fixture base body (11) together with the positioning shaft (2) inserted therein in a three-jaw chuck Q of a grinding machine tool, clamping the machine tool clamping part (111) by the three-jaw chuck Q, rotating a main shaft of the grinding machine tool, and grinding the straight section part (22) by using a grinding rod; after grinding, namely after the step n is finished, detecting the primary rotation precision S by the detection means X, namely executing the step m, and continuing to execute the step c if S is less than or equal to 0.01 mm; if S is larger than 0.01mm, repeating the step n until S is less than or equal to 0.01 mm;
a step X is also arranged between the step b and the step c, wherein the step X is a coloring check which is specifically carried out in the following way: smearing oily color paint on the surface of the positioning hole, inserting the positioning shaft (2) into the positioning hole for taper fit, holding the guide part (21) by hand after the taper fit is finished, enabling the cone part (23) to rotate clockwise or anticlockwise for three circles relative to the positioning hole, and taking out to observe the surface tight joint of the cone part (23);
and c, if the sealing strength is more than or equal to 90%, executing the step c.
2. A piston ring bore finishing process according to claim 1, wherein: the positioning hole is a taper hole, and the positioning shaft (2) comprises a guide part (21), a straight section part (22) and a taper part (23);
for the step b, the specific mode of the step b is as follows: an operator holds the guide part (21) by hand, inserts the positioning shaft (2) into the positioning hole, and enables the conical part (23) to be in taper fit with the positioning hole until the insertion action can not be continued in the axial direction of the positioning hole, and the step b is finished;
and c, after the inner hole surface of the piston ring (3) is sleeved into the positioning shaft (2), the inner hole of the piston ring (3) is in clearance fit with the straight section part (22).
3. A piston ring bore finishing process according to claim 1, wherein: and (3) checking the rotation precision S of the positioning shaft (2) once every 100 piston rings (3) are processed, and executing the step m once.
4. A piston ring bore finishing process according to claim 1, wherein: when the grinding rod grinds the straight section (22), the set screw (13) is screwed in, so that the set screw (13) presses the taper section (23) and fixes the taper section on the positioning hole until the positioning shaft (2) can not rotate freely.
5. A piston ring bore finishing process according to claim 1, wherein: the coloring inspection is performed once for each 100 piston rings (3) processed.
6. A piston ring bore finishing process according to claim 1 or 5, wherein: and step Y, wherein the step Y is positioned between the step X and the step c, the step Y is the repair adhesion, and the repair adhesion is specifically as follows: placing the fixture base body (11) together with the positioning shaft (2) inserted therein into a three-jaw chuck Q of a grinding machine tool, enabling the three-jaw chuck Q to clamp a clamping part (111) of the machine tool, rotating a main shaft of the grinding machine tool, and grinding the conical surfaces of the positioning hole and the conical surface of the conical part (23) by using a grinding rod;
after grinding, after finishing the step Y, carrying out the coloring inspection again, namely, carrying out the step X once, and if the sealing strength is more than or equal to 90 percent, continuing to carry out the step c;
if the sealing strength is less than 90%, repeating the step Y until the sealing strength is more than or equal to 90%.
7. A piston ring bore finishing process according to claim 1, wherein: the specific mode of the step d is as follows:
the method comprises the following steps: the two compression bolts (123) are screwed into threaded holes in the part processing part (112), and at the moment, the two pressing blocks (122) are visually observed to be in contact with the outer circle of the piston ring (3) without any gap, and the screwing is stopped;
step two: and the upper and lower compression bolts (123) are continuously symmetrically and uniformly screwed in, when the compression bolts (123) are screwed in, both hands are synchronously screwed in or one side is screwed in 1/5-1/2 circles, the compression bolts (123) are screwed in the opposite side with the same number of circles until the pressing block (122) completely fixes the excircle of the piston ring (3).
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| CN116214284A (en) * | 2023-03-03 | 2023-06-06 | 苏州夏垒精密机械科技有限公司 | A high-precision grinding machine carrier |
| CN117325011A (en) * | 2023-09-19 | 2024-01-02 | 中国航发贵州红林航空动力控制科技有限公司 | High-precision coaxiality machining and grinding device and method for bearing |
| CN120287127A (en) * | 2025-05-27 | 2025-07-11 | 六安永达机械股份有限公司 | A positioning tool for eccentric shaft grinding and its use method |
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| CN101059329B (en) * | 2007-04-16 | 2010-05-26 | 齐重数控装备股份有限公司 | Machine tool parts rotating accuracy detecting device and detection method |
| CN102615521A (en) * | 2012-04-01 | 2012-08-01 | 哈尔滨飞机工业集团有限责任公司 | Fixture used in machining of outer circle of eccentric shaft |
| CN102814676A (en) * | 2012-08-31 | 2012-12-12 | 烟台艾迪液压科技有限公司 | Inner hole re-machining tool for workpieces with asymmetric contours |
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