CN109655865A - Po-218, Po-214 tale closed loop measure the device and method of radium concentration in water - Google Patents

Po-218, Po-214 tale closed loop measure the device and method of radium concentration in water Download PDF

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CN109655865A
CN109655865A CN201811566301.5A CN201811566301A CN109655865A CN 109655865 A CN109655865 A CN 109655865A CN 201811566301 A CN201811566301 A CN 201811566301A CN 109655865 A CN109655865 A CN 109655865A
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radon
concentration
water
solenoid valve
water sample
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CN109655865B (en
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谭延亮
袁红志
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Hengyang Normal University
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    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01T—MEASUREMENT OF NUCLEAR OR X-RADIATION
    • G01T1/00—Measuring X-radiation, gamma radiation, corpuscular radiation, or cosmic radiation
    • G01T1/16—Measuring radiation intensity
    • G01T1/167—Measuring radioactive content of objects, e.g. contamination

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Abstract

Po-218, Po-214 tale closed loop measure the device and method of radium concentration in water, including water sample measurement bottle, bottle cap, air inlet pipe sleeve, outlet pipe sleeve, air inlet pipe, escape pipe, air pump, static collection emanometer, flowmeter, the first three-way magnetic valve and the second three-way magnetic valve；Measuring device is placed in isoperibol, the the second outlet side opening for controlling the first three-way magnetic valve and the second three-way magnetic valve is communicated with atmospheric environment, or the first three-way magnetic valve of control and the first outlet side of the second three-way magnetic valve are unfolded into closed loop gas circuit, air pump control air enters water sample measurement bottle and is bubbled, radon in water sample to be measured is carried out, enter air pump by escape pipe, subsequently into static collection emanometer, enters back into the inlet end of air inlet pipe.It is decayed to count according to environment temperature, the volume of water sample to be measured, the volume of closed loop gas circuit, static collection emanometer and Po-218, Po-214 and calculates radium concentration in water.Apparatus of the present invention structure is simple, easy to operate, and time of measuring is short.

Description

Po-218, Po-214 tale closed loop measure the device and method of radium concentration in water
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of nuclear radiation detection technology, especially a kind of Po-218, Po-214 tale closed loop measurement The device and method of radium concentration in water.
Background technique
Radium (Ra-226) is a kind of extremely toxic close bone alpha activity nucleic, its a large amount of deposits in vivo can induce osteocarcinoma Or leukaemia, to be detrimental to health.Radium (Ra-226) is generally higher in underground water activity, than general surface water (river water, Lake water, seawater etc.) the high 1-2 order of magnitude of activity；The drinking water source in many areas is underground water, some areas underground in the world Naturally the radium element containing high concentration or the exploitation with different mineral products such as uranium mine etc. have a large amount of radium element activated in water Discharge into underground water so that there are biggish security risks when doing drinking water source using underground water by people, thus into The concentration to the radium element contained in local underground water is needed to carry out long-term monitoring when row drinking water source is chosen.The prior art The measuring device and measuring method of radium concentration of element are complicated in water and time of measuring is long, need in a kind of achievable rapid survey water The device and method of radium concentration.
Summary of the invention
A kind of Po-218, Po-214 tale is provided and is closed the purpose of the present invention is overcoming the above-mentioned insufficient of the prior art Ring type measures the device and method of radium concentration in water, utilizes radium concentration in Po-218, Po-214 tale closed loop measurement water Device radium concentration in accurate water can quickly be obtained by this method.
The technical scheme is that Po-218, Po-214 tale closed loop measure the device of radium concentration in water, including Water sample measure bottle, bottle cap, air inlet pipe sleeve, outlet pipe sleeve, air inlet pipe, escape pipe, air pump, static collection emanometer, flowmeter, First three-way magnetic valve and the second three-way magnetic valve.
Air inlet pipe sleeve and outlet pipe sleeve are separately mounted on bottle cap, and air inlet pipe is inserted in air inlet pipe and puts on, and escape pipe is inserted in out On air pipe sleeve, escape pipe is connected by the inlet end of hose and air pump, and the outlet side of air pump passes through hose and the first threeway electromagnetism The inlet end of valve connects, and the first outlet side of the first three-way magnetic valve is connected by the inlet end of hose and static collection emanometer It connects, the second outlet side of the first three-way magnetic valve is communicated with atmospheric environment, and the outlet side of static collection emanometer passes through hose It being connect with the inlet end of flowmeter, the outlet side of flowmeter is connect by hose with the inlet end of the second three-way magnetic valve, and second First outlet side of three-way magnetic valve is connected by hose and the inlet end of air inlet pipe, the second outlet side of the second three-way magnetic valve It is communicated with atmospheric environment.
The method that radium concentration in Po-218, Po-214 tale closed loop measurement water is carried out using above-mentioned measuring device, packet Measurement process and calculating process are included, the specific steps of which are as follows:
One, measurement process
A, the device that Po-218, Po-214 tale closed loop measure radium concentration in water is placed on to the environment of constant temperature, and Measure environment temperature；
B, water sample to be measured is poured into water sample measurement bottle, and covers tightly bottle cap, the gas outlet of air inlet pipe in water sample to be measured simultaneously Close to the bottom of bottle of water sample measurement bottle, the air inlet of escape pipe is located on water sample liquid level to be measured；
C, the second outlet side of the first three-way magnetic valve, the second three-way magnetic valve is opened respectively, closes the first threeway electromagnetism First outlet side of valve, the second three-way magnetic valve, booster air pump, the flow rate for controlling air pump keeps it very big, so that air passes through Air inlet pipe, which enters in water sample to be measured, to be bubbled, while the radon in water sample to be measured being carried out, and is entered air pump by escape pipe and is entered Then first three-way magnetic valve enters atmospheric environment from the second outlet side of the first three-way magnetic valve, since the flow rate of air pump is non- Chang great, after air pump starts 5-30 minutes, it can be seen that the concentration of radon is 0 in gas circuit；
D, the second outlet side of the first three-way magnetic valve, the second three-way magnetic valve is closed respectively, opens the first threeway electromagnetism First outlet side of valve, the second three-way magnetic valve controls air pump tune by obtaining meter readings to form closed loop gas circuit Small flow rate is bubbled so that air is entered in water sample to be measured by air inlet pipe, while the radon in water sample to be measured being carried out, and passes through Escape pipe enters air pump and enters the first three-way magnetic valve, then enters electrostatic collection from the first outlet side of the first three-way magnetic valve After method emanometer, then by flowmeter, the second three-way magnetic valve is entered from the outlet side of flowmeter, then from the second threeway electromagnetism First outlet side of valve is again introduced into air inlet pipe；When turning air pump flow rate down, the flow rate of air pump keeps moderate, so that electrostatic collection Method emanometer measures the variation synchronous with the gaseous state radon consistence in water sample measurement bottle of intracavitary radon consistence；
E, it is measured using compared with short cycle of measurement, measurement period T is 2-20 minutes；
Two, calculating process
According to the reading of environment temperature, the volume of water sample to be measured, the volume of closed loop gas circuit and static collection emanometer Calculate the radium concentration in water sample.
Water sample measures the radon in the water in bottle from the decay of radium in water.If the volume of water sample is V, radium activity is in water ARa, then radium concentration C in waterRaAre as follows:
CRa=ARa/V (1)
Water sample measures radon consistence C ' in the water in bottleRnChanging rule are as follows:
dC'Rn/ dt=CRaλRn-λRn(C'Rn+CRnV1/V)-λlCRnV1/V (2)
λ in formulaRnIt is the decay coefficient of radon；CRnIt is the concentration of radon in closed loop gas circuit；V1It is the volume of closed loop gas circuit, closed loop gas The volume on road includes the conduit volume of hose, the conduit volume of air inlet pipe, the conduit volume of escape pipe, static collection emanometer The sum of the volume of volume and water sample the measurement bottle ullage space of internal measurement chamber；λlIt is leadage coefficient；
Temperature when according to measurement tables look-up to obtain concentration ratio X when water radon and gaseous state radon balance, has:
C'Rn=XCRn (3)
Formula (3) are substituted into formula (2) to obtain:
Enable Effective Decay Constant λeAre as follows:
Formula (4) simplifies are as follows:
Initial radon consistence is 0, the solution of formula (6) are as follows:
Since the flow rate of air pump is moderate, measured it can be seen that static collection emanometer measures intracavitary radon consistence and water sample The synchronous variation of gaseous state radon consistence in bottle.According to the measuring principle of static collection emanometer, the gas of static collection emanometer State radon consistence actual measurement is the concentration for measuring intracavitary Po-218, the intracavitary Po-218 concentration of the measurement of static collection emanometer CPo(t) changing rule are as follows:
Formula (7) are substituted into formula (8) to obtain
The initial concentration of Po-218 is 0, the solution of formula (9) are as follows:
Obtaining measuring in chamber in static collection emanometer according to radon decay chain has:
CPb(t)、CBi(t) be respectively Pb-214, Bi-214 concentration；λPb、λBiIt is the decay of Pb-214, Bi-214 respectively Constant.
After Bi-214 decay is Po-214, Po-214 half-life period only has 164us, it can be seen that the concentration of Bi-214 is exactly The concentration of Po-214；That is:
CPo214(t) be Po-214 concentration.
When initial measurement, the concentration of Pb-214, Bi-214, Po-214 are 0, are solved according to formula (11), (13):
Static collection emanometer first carries out under conditions of radon reaches balance with Po-218, Po-214 in Standard Radon Chamber Measurement calibration in 30-120 minutes, obtains:
C0=k1m1=k2m2 (16)
m1、m2Respectively the unit time of Po-218, Po-214 decay emission high-energyα-particle counts； C0For Standard Radon Chamber Radon consistence；k1、k2For scale factor.
Since measurement period T is shorter, the average counter rate of each measurement period is the counting rate at the measurement period midpoint.It is right Have in n-th of measurement period:
m1(n)、m2It (n) is respectively the counting rate of Po-218, Po-214 in n-th of measurement period radioactive decay.By formula (10), (15) substitute into formula (17), then carry out nonlinear data fitting according to the data of formula (17) to all measurement periods and obtain water Middle radium concentration.
The invention has the following advantages over the prior art:
1, the apparatus structure of radium concentration is simple in Po-218, Po-214 tale closed loop of the invention measurement water, operation Convenient, time of measuring is short.
2, radium densimeter in water is calculated by the method that Po-218, Po-214 tale closed loop measures radium concentration in water Calculation process is simple, and the radium concentration results of acquisition are accurate, can be by continue for a long time to radium concentration in the underground water water sample of somewhere Property monitoring, analysis formulates the drinking water standard of health for country, and is water pollution control, national disease prevention and treatment, agriculture Animal husbandry water etc. provides foundation, it is ensured that groundwater environment and Drinking Water for Residents safety.
Detailed construction of the invention is further described below in conjunction with the drawings and specific embodiments.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the structural schematic diagram that Po-218, Po-214 tale closed loop of the present invention measures the device of radium concentration in water.
Specific embodiment
As shown in Figure 1, Po-218, Po-214 tale closed loop measure the device of radium concentration in water, including water sample measurement Bottle 1, bottle cap 2, air inlet pipe sleeve 3, outlet pipe sleeve 4, air inlet pipe 5, escape pipe 6, air pump 7, static collection emanometer 8, flowmeter 9, the first three-way magnetic valve 10 and the second three-way magnetic valve 11.
Air inlet pipe sleeve 3 and outlet pipe sleeve 4 are separately mounted on bottle cap 2, and air inlet pipe 5 is inserted on air inlet pipe sleeve 3, escape pipe 6 It is inserted on outlet pipe sleeve 4, escape pipe 6 is connect by hose with the inlet end of air pump 7, and the outlet side of air pump 7 passes through hose and the The inlet end of one three-way magnetic valve 10 connects, and the first outlet side of the first three-way magnetic valve 10 is surveyed by hose and static collection The inlet end of radon instrument 8 connects, and the second outlet side of the first three-way magnetic valve 10 is communicated with atmospheric environment, static collection emanometer 8 outlet side is connect by hose with the inlet end of flowmeter 9, and the outlet side of flowmeter 9 passes through hose and the second threeway electromagnetism The inlet end of valve 11 connects, and the first outlet side of the second three-way magnetic valve 11 is connect by hose with the inlet end of air inlet pipe 5, the Second outlet side of two three-way magnetic valves 11 is communicated with atmospheric environment.
The method that radium concentration in Po-218, Po-214 tale closed loop measurement water is carried out using above-mentioned measuring device, packet Measurement process and calculating process are included, the specific steps of which are as follows:
One, measurement process
A, the device that Po-218, Po-214 tale closed loop measure radium concentration in water is placed on to the environment of constant temperature, and Measure environment temperature；
B, water sample to be measured is poured into water sample measurement bottle 1, and covers tightly bottle cap 2, the gas outlet of air inlet pipe 5 is in water sample to be measured And close to the bottom of bottle of water sample measurement bottle 1, the air inlet of escape pipe 6 is located on water sample liquid level to be measured；
C, the second outlet side of the first three-way magnetic valve 10, the second three-way magnetic valve 11 is opened respectively, closes the first threeway The flow rate of first outlet side of solenoid valve 10, the second three-way magnetic valve 11, booster air pump 7, control air pump 7 keeps it very big, makes Air is obtained by being bubbled in the entrance of air inlet pipe 5 water sample to be measured, while the radon in water sample to be measured being carried out, passes through escape pipe 6 Enter the first three-way magnetic valve 10 into air pump 7, then enter atmospheric environment from the second outlet side of the first three-way magnetic valve 10, Since the flow rate of air pump 7 is very big, after air pump 7 starts 5-30 minutes, it can be seen that the concentration of radon is 0 in gas circuit；
D, the second outlet side of the first three-way magnetic valve 10, the second three-way magnetic valve 11 is closed respectively, opens the first threeway First outlet side of solenoid valve 10, the second three-way magnetic valve 11, to form closed loop gas circuit, by obtain the reading of flowmeter 9 come Control air pump 7 turns flow rate down, is bubbled so that air is entered in water sample to be measured by air inlet pipe 5, while by the radon in water sample to be measured It is carried out, the first three-way magnetic valve 10 is entered into air pump by escape pipe 6, then from the first of the first three-way magnetic valve 10 After outlet side enters static collection emanometer 8, then by flowmeter 9, the second threeway electromagnetism is entered from the outlet side of flowmeter 9 Then valve 11 is again introduced into air inlet pipe 5 from the first outlet side of the second three-way magnetic valve 11；When turning 7 flow rate of air pump down, air pump 7 flow rate keeps moderate, so that static collection emanometer 8 measures the gaseous state radon in intracavitary radon consistence and water sample measurement bottle 1 The synchronous variation of concentration；
E, it is measured using short cycle of measurement, measurement period T is 2-20 minutes；
Two, calculating process
According to the reading of environment temperature, the volume of water sample to be measured, the volume of closed loop gas circuit and static collection emanometer 8 Calculate the radium concentration in water sample.
Water sample measures the radon in the water in bottle 1 from the decay of radium in water.If the volume of water sample is V, radium activity in water For ARa, then radium concentration C in waterRaAre as follows:
CRa=ARa/V (1)
Water sample measures radon consistence C ' in the water in bottle 1RnChanging rule are as follows:
dC'Rn/ dt=CRaλRn-λRn(C'Rn+CRnV1/V)-λlCRnV1/V (2)
λ in formulaRnIt is the decay coefficient of radon；CRnIt is the concentration of radon in closed loop gas circuit；V1It is the volume of closed loop gas circuit, closed loop gas The volume on road includes the conduit volume of hose, the conduit volume of air inlet pipe 5, the conduit volume of escape pipe 6, static collection survey radon The sum of the volume of volume and water sample measurement 1 ullage space of bottle of 8 internal measurement chamber of instrument；λlIt is leadage coefficient.
Temperature when according to measurement tables look-up to obtain concentration ratio X when water radon and gaseous state radon balance, has:
C'Rn=XCRn (3)
Formula (3) are substituted into formula (2) to obtain:
Enable Effective Decay Constant λeAre as follows:
Formula (4) simplifies are as follows:
Initial radon consistence is 0, the solution of formula (6) are as follows:
Since the flow rate of air pump 7 is moderate, surveyed it can be seen that static collection emanometer 8 measures intracavitary radon consistence and water sample The synchronous variation of gaseous state radon consistence in measuring bottle 1.According to the measuring principle of static collection emanometer 8, static collection emanometer 8 Gaseous state radon consistence actual measurement be the concentration for measuring intracavitary Po-218, the intracavitary Po- of the measurement of static collection emanometer 8 218 concentration CsPo(t) changing rule are as follows:
Formula (7) are substituted into formula (8) to obtain
The initial concentration of Po-218 is 0, the solution of formula (9) are as follows:
Obtaining measuring in chamber in static collection emanometer 8 according to radon decay chain has:
CPb(t)、CBi(t) be respectively Pb-214, Bi-214 concentration；λPb、λBiIt is the decay of Pb-214, Bi-214 respectively Constant.
After Bi-214 decay is Po-214, Po-214 half-life period only has 164us, it can be seen that the concentration of Bi-214 is exactly The concentration of Po-214；That is:
CPo214(t) be Po-214 concentration.
When initial measurement, the concentration of Pb-214, Bi-214, Po-214 are 0, are solved according to formula (11), (13):
Static collection emanometer 8 first in Standard Radon Chamber under conditions of radon and Po-218, Po-214 reach balance into Row measurement in 30-120 minutes calibration, obtains:
C0=k1m1=k2m2 (16)
m1、m2Respectively the unit time of Po-218, Po-214 decay emission high-energyα-particle counts； C0For Standard Radon Chamber Radon consistence；k1、k2For scale factor.
Since measurement period T is shorter, the average counter rate of each measurement period is the counting rate at the measurement period midpoint.It is right Have in n-th of measurement period:
m1(n)、m2It (n) is respectively the counting rate of Po-218, Po-214 in n-th of measurement period radioactive decay.By formula (10), (15) substitute into formula (17), then carry out nonlinear data fitting according to the data of formula (17) to all measurement periods and obtain water Middle radium concentration.

Claims (2)

1.Po-218、Po-214总计数闭环式测量水中镭浓度的装置，其特征是：包括水样测量瓶、瓶盖、进气管套、出气管套、进气管、出气管、气泵、静电收集法测氡仪、流量计、第一三通电磁阀及第二三通电磁阀；1. Po-218, Po-214 total count closed-loop device for measuring radium concentration in water, it is characterized in that: comprise water sample measuring bottle, bottle cap, air inlet pipe sleeve, air outlet pipe sleeve, air inlet pipe, air outlet pipe, air pump, static electricity Radon measuring instrument by collection method, flow meter, first three-way solenoid valve and second three-way solenoid valve; 进气管套及出气管套分别安装在瓶盖上，进气管插在进气管套上，出气管插在出气管套上，出气管通过软管与气泵的进气端连接，气泵的出气端通过软管与第一三通电磁阀的进气端连接，第一三通电磁阀的第一出气端通过软管与静电收集法测氡仪的进气端连接，第一三通电磁阀的第二出气端与大气环境相通，静电收集法测氡仪的出气端通过软管与流量计的进气端连接，流量计的出气端通过软管与第二三通电磁阀的进气端连接，第二三通电磁阀的第一出气端通过软管与进气管的进气端连接，第二三通电磁阀的第二出气端与大气环境相通。The air inlet tube sleeve and the air outlet tube sleeve are respectively installed on the bottle cap, the air inlet tube is inserted into the air inlet tube sleeve, the air outlet tube is inserted into the air outlet tube sleeve, the air outlet tube is connected with the air inlet end of the air pump through a hose, and the air outlet end of the air pump passes through The hose is connected to the intake end of the first three-way solenoid valve, the first air outlet end of the first three-way solenoid valve is connected to the intake end of the electrostatic collection method radon meter through the hose, and the third The second gas outlet is connected to the atmospheric environment. The gas outlet of the electrostatic collection radon meter is connected to the inlet end of the flowmeter through a hose, and the outlet end of the flowmeter is connected to the inlet end of the second three-way solenoid valve through a hose. The first air outlet end of the second three-way solenoid valve is connected with the air inlet end of the air intake pipe through a hose, and the second air outlet end of the second three-way electromagnetic valve is communicated with the atmospheric environment. 2.利用权利要求1所述的测量装置进行Po-218、Po-214总计数闭环式测量水中镭浓度的方法，其特征是，包括测量过程和计算过程，其具体步骤如下：2. utilize the measuring device described in claim 1 to carry out the method for Po-218, Po-214 total count closed-loop measurement water radium concentration, it is characterized in that, comprise measurement process and calculation process, and its concrete steps are as follows: 一、测量过程1. Measurement process A、将Po-218、Po-214总计数闭环式测量水中镭浓度的装置放置在恒温的环境，并测量环境温度；A. Place the Po-218, Po-214 total count closed-loop device for measuring radium concentration in water in a constant temperature environment, and measure the ambient temperature; B、将待测水样倒入水样测量瓶内，并盖紧瓶盖，进气管的出气口在待测水样内并靠近水样测量瓶的瓶底，出气管的进气口位于待测水样液面上；B. Pour the water sample to be measured into the water sample measuring bottle, and close the bottle cap tightly. The air outlet of the air inlet pipe is in the water sample to be measured and close to the bottom of the water sample measuring bottle. Measure the liquid level of the water sample; C、分别打开第一三通电磁阀、第二三通电磁阀的第二出气端，关闭第一三通电磁阀、第二三通电磁阀的第一出气端，启动气泵，控制气泵的流率使其非常大，使得空气通过进气管进入待测水样中鼓泡，同时将待测水样中的氡携带出来，通过出气管进入气泵进入第一三通电磁阀，然后从第一三通电磁阀的第二出气端进入大气环境，由于气泵的流率非常大，气泵启动5-30分钟后，能够认为气路中氡的浓度为0；C. Open the second gas outlet of the first three-way solenoid valve and the second three-way solenoid valve respectively, close the first gas outlet of the first three-way solenoid valve and the second three-way solenoid valve, start the air pump, and control the flow of the air pump At the same time, the radon in the water sample to be tested is carried out, and the air pump enters the first three-way solenoid valve through the air outlet pipe, and then flows from the first three-way solenoid valve to the first three-way solenoid valve. The second air outlet of the solenoid valve enters the atmospheric environment. Since the flow rate of the air pump is very large, 5-30 minutes after the air pump is started, it can be considered that the concentration of radon in the air circuit is 0; D、分别关闭第一三通电磁阀、第二三通电磁阀的第二出气端，打开第一三通电磁阀、第二三通电磁阀的第一出气端，从而形成闭环气路，通过获取流量计读数来控制气泵调小流率，使得空气通过进气管进入待测水样中鼓泡，同时将待测水样中的氡携带出来，通过出气管进入气泵进到第一三通电磁阀，然后从第一三通电磁阀的第一出气端进入静电收集法测氡仪后，再通过流量计，从流量计的出气端进到第二三通电磁阀，然后从第二三通电磁阀的第一出气端再次进入进气管；在调小气泵流率时，气泵的流率保持适中，使得静电收集法测氡仪测量腔内的氡浓度与水样测量瓶内的气态氡浓度同步变化；D. Close the second gas outlet of the first three-way solenoid valve and the second three-way solenoid valve respectively, and open the first gas outlet of the first three-way solenoid valve and the second three-way solenoid valve, thereby forming a closed-loop gas path, Obtain the flow meter reading to control the air pump to reduce the flow rate, so that the air bubbles into the water sample to be measured through the air inlet pipe, and at the same time, the radon in the water sample to be measured is carried out, and enters the air pump through the air outlet pipe and enters the first three-way electromagnetic After entering the electrostatic collection method radon tester from the first outlet end of the first three-way solenoid valve, it passes through the flowmeter and enters the second three-way solenoid valve from the gas outlet end of the flowmeter, and then enters the second three-way solenoid valve from the second three-way valve. The first air outlet end of the solenoid valve enters the air intake pipe again; when the flow rate of the air pump is reduced, the flow rate of the air pump remains moderate, so that the radon concentration in the measuring chamber of the electrostatic collection method radon meter and the gaseous radon concentration in the water sample measuring bottle are synchronous changes; E、采用短测量周期测量，测量周期T为2-20分钟；E. Use short measurement period measurement, measurement period T is 2-20 minutes; 二、计算过程Second, the calculation process 根据环境温度、待测水样的体积、闭环气路的体积以及静电收集法测氡仪的读数计算水样中的镭浓度；Calculate the radium concentration in the water sample according to the ambient temperature, the volume of the water sample to be tested, the volume of the closed-loop gas circuit and the reading of the radon meter by electrostatic collection method; 水样测量瓶中的水中的氡来源于水中镭的衰变；设水样的体积为V，水中镭活度为ARa，则水中镭浓度CRa为：The radon in the water in the water sample measurement bottle comes from the decay of radium in the water; let the volume of the water sample be V and the radium activity in the water be A Ra , then the radium concentration in the water C Ra is: CRa＝ARa/V (1)C Ra =A Ra /V (1) 水样测量瓶中的水中氡浓度C’Rn的变化规律为：The variation rule of the radon concentration C' Rn in the water sample measuring bottle is: dC'Rn/dt＝CRaλRn-λRn(C'Rn+CRnV1/V)-λlCRnV1/V (2)dC' Rn /dt=C Ra λ Rn -λ Rn (C' Rn +C Rn V 1 /V)-λ l C Rn V 1 /V (2) 式中λRn是氡的衰变常数；CRn是闭环气路中氡的浓度；V1是闭环气路的体积，闭环气路的体积包括软管的管道体积、进气管的管道体积、出气管的管道体积、静电收集法测氡仪内部测量腔的体积和水样测量瓶液面上部空间的体积之和；λl是泄漏系数；where λ Rn is the decay constant of radon; C Rn is the concentration of radon in the closed-loop gas path; V 1 is the volume of the closed-loop gas path, and the volume of the closed-loop gas path includes the pipe volume of the hose, the pipe volume of the intake pipe, and the exhaust pipe. The sum of the volume of the pipeline, the volume of the internal measuring cavity of the electrostatic collection method and the volume of the upper space of the liquid surface of the water sample measuring bottle; λ l is the leakage coefficient; 根据测量时的温度查表得到水氡与气态氡平衡时的浓度比X，有：According to the temperature at the time of measurement, the concentration ratio X of water radon and gaseous radon in equilibrium is obtained by looking up the table, as follows: C'Rn＝XCRn (3)C' Rn = XC Rn (3) 将式(3)代入式(2)得：Substitute equation (3) into equation (2) to get: 令有效衰变常数λe为：Let the effective decay constant λ e be: 式(4)简化为：Equation (4) is simplified to: 初始氡浓度为0，式(6)的解为：The initial radon concentration is 0, the solution of equation (6) is: 由于气泵的流率适中，能够认为静电收集法测氡仪测量腔内的氡浓度与水样测量瓶内的气态氡浓度同步变化；根据静电收集法测氡仪的测量原理，静电收集法测氡仪的气态氡浓度实际测量的是测量腔内Po-218的浓度，静电收集法测氡仪的测量腔内Po-218浓度CPo(t)的变化规律为：Since the flow rate of the air pump is moderate, it can be considered that the radon concentration in the measuring chamber of the electrostatic collection method radon measuring instrument changes synchronously with the gaseous radon concentration in the water sample measuring bottle; The gaseous radon concentration of the instrument actually measures the concentration of Po-218 in the measuring cavity. The variation rule of the Po-218 concentration C Po (t) in the measuring cavity of the electrostatic collection radon measuring instrument is: 将式(7)代入式(8)得Substitute equation (7) into equation (8) to get Po-218的初始浓度为0，式(9)的解为：The initial concentration of Po-218 is 0, the solution of equation (9) is: 根据氡衰变链得到在静电收集法测氡仪测量腔中有：According to the radon decay chain, there are: CPb(t)、CBi(t)分别是Pb-214、Bi-214的浓度；λPb、λBi分别是Pb-214、Bi-214的衰变常数；C Pb (t) and C Bi (t) are the concentrations of Pb-214 and Bi-214, respectively; λ Pb and λ Bi are the decay constants of Pb-214 and Bi-214, respectively; Bi-214衰变为Po-214后，Po-214半衰期只有164us，能够认为Bi-214的浓度就是Po-214的浓度；即：After Bi-214 decays into Po-214, the half-life of Po-214 is only 164us, so it can be considered that the concentration of Bi-214 is the concentration of Po-214; namely: CPo214(t)是Po-214的浓度；C Po214 (t) is the concentration of Po-214; 初始测量时，Pb-214、Bi-214、Po-214的浓度为0，根据式(11)、(13)解得：During the initial measurement, the concentrations of Pb-214, Bi-214, and Po-214 are 0. According to equations (11) and (13), we can obtain: 静电收集法测氡仪先在标准氡室中在氡与Po-218、Po-214达到平衡的条件下进行30-120分钟的测量校准，得到：The electrostatic collection method radon tester is firstly calibrated for 30-120 minutes under the condition that radon, Po-218 and Po-214 reach equilibrium in a standard radon chamber, and obtain: C0＝k1m1＝k2m2 (16)C 0 =k 1 m 1 =k 2 m 2 (16) m1、m2分别为Po-218、Po-214衰变发射高能α粒子的单位时间计数；C0为标准氡室氡浓度；k1、k2为比例因子；m 1 and m 2 are the unit time counts of high-energy alpha particles emitted by the decay of Po-218 and Po-214 respectively; C 0 is the radon concentration in standard radon chamber; k 1 and k 2 are scale factors; 由于测量周期T较短，每个测量周期的平均计数率为该测量周期中点的计数率；对于第n个测量周期有：Due to the short measurement period T, the average count rate of each measurement period is the count rate at the midpoint of the measurement period; for the nth measurement period: m1(n)、m2(n)分别为Po-218、Po-214在第n个测量周期放射性衰变的计数率；将式(10)、(15)代入式(17)，再依据式(17)对所有测量周期的数据进行非线性数据拟合得到水中镭浓度。m 1 (n), m 2 (n) are the count rates of the radioactive decay of Po-218 and Po-214 in the nth measurement cycle, respectively; Substitute equations (10) and (15) into equation (17), and then according to equation (17) Perform nonlinear data fitting on the data of all measurement periods to obtain the concentration of radium in water.
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