CN109688902A - 通信装置和方法 - Google Patents

通信装置和方法 Download PDF

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CN109688902A
CN109688902A CN201780054733.5A CN201780054733A CN109688902A CN 109688902 A CN109688902 A CN 109688902A CN 201780054733 A CN201780054733 A CN 201780054733A CN 109688902 A CN109688902 A CN 109688902A
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data
subcutaneous
sensor
sensed
power
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B·扬森
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Norwich Co Specialized In Department Of Orthopedics
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Norwich Co Specialized In Department Of Orthopedics
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Abstract

一种用于感测数据的可植入装置包括被配置为与植入物耦合的皮下传感器。可植入装置被可操作地配置为经皮地无线传输由皮下传感器感测到的数据。传感器可被经皮地无线供电。可利用超声波提供数据和/或电力的传输。传感器可与被配置为接收超声波的压电换能器电通信。

Description

通信装置和方法
对其他申请的交叉引用
本申请要求于2016年7月18日提交的待决的美国临时专利申请No.62/363,340的优先权和权益,该美国临时专利申请的内容以引用方式全部并入。
技术领域
本公开涉及医疗装置领域。更具体地,本公开涉及包括皮下传感器的可植入装置,所述可植入装置被配置为经皮地传输数据。
背景技术
医疗植入物,尤其是在处于受试者或患者体内的同时是可调节(诸如,可旋转或可伸展的)的医疗植入物,在体内被施加各种力。例如在肢体延长和脊柱可调节外科手术中使用这些可调节医疗植入物来分别治疗诸如肢体畸形和脊柱侧凸的病症。通常,这些可调节医疗植入物被固定于一个或更多个骨骼,并且随着时间推移而逐步调节这些医疗植入物,直到达到所期望的结果。
然而,这些外科植入物和手术并不包括特别地在植入了植入物之后以及在治疗过程(即,调节可调节植入物)期间在体内测量植入部位处存在的状况(诸如,力)的准确的非侵入式装置。所需要的是某种非侵入性地在体内对植入部位处存在的状况执行所需测量的装置和方法。
附图说明
为了进一步例示本公开的优点和特征,将参照附图中例示的本发明的特定实施方式来呈现本发明的更具体的描述。要理解,这些附图将不被视为限制了范围。利用附图将通过附加的特征和细节来描述和说明本发明,在附图中:
图1示出传感器系统的实施方式的剖视图。
图2示出传感器系统的另一实施方式的详细剖视图。
图3示出传感器系统的又一实施方式的部分视图。
图4示出传感器系统的实施方式的流程图。
图5示出根据传感器系统的实施方式的用载波信号进行调制的技术。
图6A至图6C例示根据传感器系统的实施方式的移动装置上的图形用户界面。
图7A至图7C例示根据传感器系统的实施方式的移动装置上的图形用户界面。
图8A至图8D例示根据传感器系统的实施方式的移动装置上的图形用户界面。
图9例示传感器系统的实施方式中的存储在移动装置上的计算机可执行指令的流程图。
图10例示与传感器系统的实施方式中的在植入物上测得的力相比的施加在固定装置上的力的图形视图。
图11A例示根据传感器系统的实施方式的施加到植入物的正弦电压和检测到的振动。
图11B例示根据传感器系统的实施方式的两个压电换能器之间的声能传递,其中,一个换能器正激励另一个换能器。因这两个换能器之间产生了距离,响应被延迟。
发明内容
在第一方面,本公开提供了一种系统,该系统包括用于感测数据的可植入装置。可植入装置包括被配置为与植入物耦合的皮下传感器。植入物可以是脊柱杆、髓内杆或棘突间隔物。装置被可操作地配置为经皮地无线传输由皮下传感器感测到的数据。装置可被配置为可操作地从超声波接收能量并且向所述皮下传感器提供能量。超声波的频率可大于大约20千赫。装置可包括与皮下传感器通信的压电换能器。压电换能器可被配置为利用超声波经皮地接收能量。压电换能器可被配置为经皮地无线传输感测到的数据。被无线传输的所述感测到的数据可以是通过大约2.4至2.485GHz的医用无线电频带中的短波长超高频无线电波传输的。可利用超声波传输被无线传输的感测到的数据。
在第二方面,本公开提供了一种经皮地传输来自位于受试者体内的皮下传感器的数据的方法。该方法包括:将电力经皮地无线传输到皮下传感器:用皮下传感器感测数据;并且经皮地传输来自皮下传感器的感测到的数据。感测到的数据可以是力数据、温度数据、电数据、pH数据、距离数据、压力数据、生物分子数据或其组合。感测到的数据可被皮下或皮肤外部的接收器接收。接收器可被配置为将数据经皮地传输到移动装置。感测到的数据可以是通过大约2.4至2.485GHz的医用无线电频带中的短波长超高频无线电波传输到移动装置的。该方法可包括在无线传输期间对感测到的数据进行幅度调制。
在第三方面,本发明提供了一种植入物套件。该植入物套件包括被配置为植入受试者中的植入物以及被配置为与植入物耦合的皮下力传感器。皮下传感器被配置为无线地接收电力。
具体实施方式
虽然已描述了本公开的特定实施方式,但是这些参照不旨在被解释为对本公开的范围的限制,除非在权利要求书中有阐述。
参照图1和图2,系统10的实施方式包括可植入装置12,可植入装置12用于植入受试者或患者2(特别地,人)。人类受试者2可以是任何年龄或体型。可植入装置12包括一个或更多个皮下传感器14,皮下传感器14被配置为联接于植入物16,或者联接于植入物16。传感器14可测量力、温度、电、pH、距离、压力和生物分子,并且可传输包括这些测量值的数据。在其中传感器14是力传感器的系统10的实施方式中,传感器14可测量0至300磅、0至200磅、0至100磅、0至50磅或其任何子范围的力。传感器14可以是例如电容型、电阻型、应变仪、微机械型、压电型或其任何组合。感测到的数据也可具有数据准确性。在力的情况下,传感器14可具有+/-5磅、+/-2磅、+/-1磅、+/-0.5磅或其任何子范围的数据准确性。
举例来说,植入物16可以是脊柱杆或髓内杆。传感器14可接触力-负荷耦合器18,力-负荷耦合器18被配置为连接在植入物16和传感器14之间。力-负荷耦合器18可具有表面19,表面19的形状与传感器14的接触表面21互补,其中,耦合器18与传感器14连接,使得传感器14和耦合器18抵抗横向移动。耦合器18可具有凸轮20,凸轮20一体地形成在耦合器18中并且设置在耦合器18的与传感器14相对的一侧。一个或多个止推轴承22可形成在植入物14内并且设置在凸轮20的相对侧,以将来自植入物14的力传递到耦合器18进而传递到传感器14。一个或更多个防回退垫圈24可设置在止推轴承22和联接器18之间,使得当装置12经历振动时,装置12将抵抗松动。
传感器14可与诸如印刷电路板的电路板26通信,并且传感器14可将感测到的数据传输到电路板26。电路板26被配置为从传感器14接收感测数据并且将数据传送到控制器28(例如,微控制器),以便进行处理和/或临时或永久地存储在存储器(未示出)中。控制器28可被配置为将数据传输到发送器30。控制器28可被配置为在不使用系统10时降低或消除功耗。
发送器30可以是例如管状压电换能器。可用例如环氧树脂将发送器30固定在植入物16内。在采用管状压电换能器的系统10的实施方式中,管状的几何形状允许压电换能器被装配在诸如脊柱杆和髓内钉的管状植入物16中。并且,由于振动呈径向模式,管状换能器径向地传播数据,覆盖了360度。带有硅酮粘合剂(例如,胶带)的聚酰亚胺膜可设置在发送器30和植入物16之间,以将发送器与植入物16隔离。
电路板26可包括频率合成器(即,为压电换能器30产生载波)、功率放大器和噪声过滤器(即,条件载波)、功率和读出应变仪(即,力传感器控制),并且可被配置为调节载波、功率等(诸如,通过借助图形用户界面与用户交互的计算机可执行指令,如以下所讨论的)。
发送器30可被配置为发送和接收诸如承载数据的超声波的无线信号,并且诸如从超声波接收电力。这些超声波可以是任何频率的超声波,但是通常大于大约20千赫兹。在实施方式中,超声波的频率是200至400千赫兹或者是大约300千赫兹。利用超声波进行电力和/或数据传输的益处包括超声波:(1)穿过金属或固体介质(例如,金属医疗植入物)传播,并且(2)经过各种人体皮肤经皮地发送数据。
发送器30可被配置为经皮地(即,从受试者2体内起并且穿过受试者2的皮肤)传输数据和/或电力,使得可从受试者2体外接收数据和/或电力。另外,发送器30可从受试者2体外接收电力。电池或电容器32可与发送器30电通信,使得电池32可存储从发送器30接收的电力,并且将储存的电力传输到发送器30、控制器28、电路板26和传感器14。电路板26、控制器28、发送器30和电池32可被包含在密封隔室34中,使得它们被配置为在被植入时不直接接触受试者2。密封隔室34可有利地将这些部件与可植入装置12的其他零件分开,因为与由生物相容性材料构造的植入物16相比,这些部件可能不被认为直接在体内接触身体。超声耦合剂可设置在发送器30和密封隔室34之间或在密封隔室34和植入物16之间,使得装置12具有单个共振频率。
发送器30可被配置为用大约2.4至2.485GHz(即,)的医用无线电频带的短波长超高频无线电波无线经皮地传输来自传感器14的感测到的数据。
发送器可被配置为具有0.5mW至80mW、1mW至60mW以及2.0mW至40mW、10mW、5mW或其任何子范围的功耗。发送器30在进行操作时可消耗大约20mW的功率。发送器30可被配置为以每秒5个值的速率(1kb/s)穿过水传输数据至少四尺寸,数据可靠性达95%。在这些功率水平下从发送器传输的数据可靠性可以是至少95%、至少98%、至少99%、至少99.9%或100%。“数据可靠性”意指用误码率(BER)计算出的10分钟内的可靠性。
发送器的功率可小于20mW,诸如,小于5mW。信噪比可小于30dB,诸如,10dB。在具有压电换能器的发送器30的系统10的实施方式中,可利用压电相位阵列(PPA)将振动聚焦到特定位置(例如,植入物)。
有利地,当传感器14与植入物16一起被植入时,无线经皮传感器14使得传感器14能够在体内测量诸如力的数据。这种益处在植入物在体内可调节的实施方式中是特别有利的,诸如,在磁性可调节植入物系统(诸如,加利福尼亚州圣地亚哥的NuVasive公司销售的用于脊柱和肢体延长术的磁性可调节植入物系统)中的情况下。在例如其全部内容以引用方式并入本文中的美国专利No.9,398,925和No.9,393,117中公开了这种可调节系统。
包括其各种部件的系统10可设置在套件中,以便在脊柱矫正和肢体延长外科手术期间使用(即,植入)。
如图3中所示,系统10可将由皮下传感器14感测到的数据从发送器30无线传输到受试者2外部的接收器36。接收器输出可小于1mV,诸如,0.2mV。接收器36可以是受试者2可穿戴的(例如,与受试者2将穿戴的衣服制品或配饰联接)或者可以是在受试者2外部和附近的计算机系统。可由超声波执行从发送器30到接收器36的这种数据传输。接收器36可从发送器30接收数据传输,并且处理数据,以通过大约2.4至2.485GHz的医用无线电频带中的短波长超高频无线电波将感测到的数据传输到移动装置38。
这种双重无线能力是有利的,因为例如当在短距离处经皮地采用时(诸如,当接收器36被穿戴在受试者2的身体上时),超声波是有效的,并且这使得系统10能够与诸如智能电话、膝上型计算机、外部远程控制器、云计算机系统或平板的许多现有移动装置38互操作,移动装置38被配置为接收大约2.4至2.485GHz的医用无线电频带中的超高频无线电波。图4例示系统10的实施方式的流程图,特别地,例示系统10的实施方式的部件如何彼此传送数据和/或电力。可诸如用环氧树脂屏蔽连接系统的这些部件的布线。
如图5中所示,可调制承载感测到的数据的无线信号,以便进行无线传输。合适的调制形式包括开关键控、幅移键控(ASK)、频移键控(FSK)、相移键控(PSK)和模拟频率调制。有利地,被调制的信号需要的功率可比非调制信号少,并且与非调制信号相比,可从距离发送器30更远处接收被调制的信号。调制信号的准确性也可大于非调制信号。
图6A至图6C例示移动装置38的截屏,该截屏包含了被配置为接收、处理和显示来自皮下传感器14的感测到的数据的计算机可执行指令。移动装置38可包含图形用户界面(GUI)40,GUI 40向诸如患者和医生的用户呈现感测到的数据,并且允许用户借助计算机可执行指令来控制系统10。如图6C中所示,GUI 40可显示感测到的数据42(力和温度,如图所示),并且提供感测到的数据的图形表示44。GUI 40可显示并且系统10可存储感测到的数据的最大值46、平均值48和最小值50。GUI 40还可被配置为允许用户控制系统10的设置52、暂停/启动54系统10、重置56系统10以及将系统10通电和断电58。
图7A至图8D例示根据系统10的另一实施方式的具有被配置为与皮下传感器14通信的计算机可读指令的移动装置的屏幕截图。存储在移动装置38上的计算机可执行指令可被配置为随时间推移记录60感测到的数据,以便稍后诸如由医生查看。计算机可执行指令可指示移动装置38是否正与传感器14积极通信(即,连接)。计算机可读指令可被配置为以公制和/或英国(即,英制)单位在移动装置38上显示感测到的数据。
如图7B中所示,计算机程序可包含被配置为选择性将功能或数据限制于不同类型的用户(诸如,医生、患者和装置服务提供商)的计算机可执行指令。举例来说,医生可能能够访问来自多个患者的数据(如图8A中所示),而计算机可执行指令被配置为通过诸如密码的安全措施限制其他类型的用户对患者数据的访问。类似地,计算机可执行指令被配置为限制访问期望通过诸如密码的安全措施仅被提供到装置服务提供商的数据的特征。如图8B中例示的,计算机可执行指令可被配置为及时存储来自不同会话的感测到的数据并且允许用户独立访问感测到的数据。
如图8C中所示,计算机可执行指令可被配置为包括共享特征62,使得移动装置38的用户可能能够直接利用移动装置38的计算机可执行指令通过例如电子邮件、文本消息和社交媒体共享感测数据。另外,如图8D中所示,计算机可执行指令可使用户能够定制移动装置38的功能(开/关),在英国或公制单位之间进行选择,并且控制移动装置38上的GUI 40的比例,包括自动比例和定制比例。
图9示出根据系统10的实施方式的计算机可读指令的流程图。
本公开还提供了经皮地传输来自处于受试者2体内的皮下传感器14的数据的方法和/或在受试者2的植入部位处测量数据的方法。还公开了确定杆中的应变以预测故障并且确定融合的健康状况和进程的方法。提供了以下的方法:使用本公开的系统10测量施加的力,以便利用Heuter Volkman原理(即,当置于拉伸负荷下时骨骼生长更快)来控制骨骼的生长。因此,可利用系统10在期望的骨骼上保持理想的压缩负荷,该压缩负荷可用于控制面部手术、长骨、四肢(手指、脚趾等)中的骨骼生长以及脊柱侧凸的顶点矫正。系统10可用于牵引成骨的方法,监测骨骼融合质量,并且检测装置12的冲程或移动。可将系统10与药理学试剂结合起来使用,使得如果传感器14检测到较慢的骨骼生长或融合速率低于预定水平,则生长促进药理学试剂(例如,双膦酸盐)被储存在植入部位处并且被本地释放,以促成骨骼形成。类似地,传感器14检测到炎症或温度升高,传感器14可指示植入物16局部释放药剂,以减少诸如感染的病因。
本文中公开了一种方法,该方法包括测量植入物16中的力,以确定和监视患者是否符合治疗计划(即,手术之后推荐的活动水平)。通过随时间推移记录力,可确定患者2是否符合推荐的活动。
本文中公开了以下方法:如果系统10感测到跨断裂部位的压缩不高于预定水平,则自动调节植入物16(即,以增加力)。
本文中公开了当牵引或压缩椎弓根跨受试者2的脊柱中的移植物扭转时测量器械中的力的方法。
本文中公开了测量力并自动调节缝合或束缚装置中的张力的方法。如果力传感器14确定已满足了预定张力,则系统10将指令传输到植入物16,以收紧张力,或者警告医生应改变张力。
本文中描述了如下方法:系统监视椎间盘内压力以帮助受试者2理解如何在活动期间使其盘承受的压力较小。传感器14设置在受试者2的椎间盘之间。
本文中描述的方法包括将无线电力经皮地传输(包括间接地)到皮下传感器14,用皮下传感器14感测数据,并且经皮地传输(包括间接地)来自皮下传感器14的感测到的数据。感测到的数据可被皮下或外部接收器36接收。可通过可调制的超声波将数据传输到接收器36。接收器36可被配置为诸如利用将数据传输(如果在内部,包括经皮地)到移动装置38。
工作例1:
将根据本公开的传感器14放置在固定装置内,将预定力施加在固定装置上,并且传感器测量施加在固定装置上的力。图10例示将预定力(固定装置的力)与感测到的力(植入物的力)进行比较的曲线图。如可看出的,感测到的力与+/-3磅内的固定装置的力相匹配。可通过例如固定装置的内部摩擦来说明固定装置的力与传感器的力之间的差异。
工作例2:
将管状压电换能器放置在金属可调长度脊柱杆(即,管状)的壳体内。用超声耦合剂填充压电换能器和壳体金属之间的间隙。超声耦合剂与两种不同材料之间的声阻抗匹配。
测试并验证压电传感器发送类似RF信号的能力。将包含管状压电传感器(“植入物PT”)的可调节长度脊柱杆壳体放置于壶中的水浴内,然后将另一个压电换能器放置于壶的壁(“读取器PT”)上。
如图11A中所示,植入物压电换能器被激励(被施加正弦电压)并且压电换能器产生振动,振动经过耦合剂、经过金属壳体管、经过水、经过塑料壶,并且最终被读取器PT检测。
可调制数据信号,从而有利地显著减小了所需的能量存储装置的大小。参见例如图11B。电信号被施加到被转换成振动的读取器的压电换能器30。根据一些实施方式,使用例如杆,所使用的频率是植入物磁体的结构共振频率,结构共振频率迫使振动得以保持,即使在去除了驱动力之后。当在几个方波之后停止驱动信号从而足以驱动植入物的压电换能器30进行谐振时,植入物信号慢慢下降。该信号的尾端可以被调制用于读取器的压电换能器30并且被发送回读取器的压电换能器30。

Claims (20)

1.一种用于感测数据的可植入装置,该可植入装置包括:
皮下传感器,该皮下传感器被配置为与植入物耦合,所述装置被可操作地配置为经皮地无线传输由所述皮下传感器感测到的数据。
2.根据权利要求1所述的装置,其中,所述装置被配置为可操作地从超声波接收能量并且向所述皮下传感器提供能量。
3.根据权利要求2所述的装置,其中,所述超声波的频率大于大约20千赫兹。
4.根据权利要求1所述的装置,该装置还包括与所述皮下传感器通信的压电换能器,所述压电换能器被配置为无线传输所述感测到的数据。
5.根据权利要求4所述的装置,其中,所述压电换能器被配置为利用超声波经皮地接收能量并且利用超声波经皮地无线传输由所述皮下传感器感测到的数据。
6.根据权利要求1所述的装置,其中,所述植入物选自由脊柱杆、髓内杆及其组合组成的组。
7.根据权利要求1所述的装置,其中,被无线传输的所述感测到的数据是利用超声波传输的。
8.根据权利要求1所述的装置,其中,被无线传输的所述感测到的数据是通过大约2.4至2.485GHz的医用无线电频带中的短波长超高频无线电波传输的。
9.一种经皮地传输来自位于受试者体内的皮下传感器的数据的方法,该方法包括以下步骤:
将无线电力经皮地传输到所述受试者体外或皮下的所述接收器;
用所述皮下传感器感测数据;并且
经皮地传输来自所述皮下传感器的感测到的数据。
10.根据权利要求9所述的方法,其中,所述感测到的数据是力数据、温度数据、电数据、pH数据、距离数据、压力数据、生物分子数据或其组合。
11.根据权利要求9所述的方法,其中,传输无线电力包括利用超声波无线传输电力。
12.根据权利要求9所述的方法,其中,传输感测到的数据包括利用超声波进行传输。
13.根据权利要求9所述的方法,该方法还包括用皮下控制器接收感测到的数据。
14.根据权利要求13所述的方法,其中,所述皮下接收器被配置为经皮地将数据传输到移动装置。
15.根据权利要求14所述的方法,其中,被传输的所述感测到的数据是通过大约2.4至2.485GHz的医用无线电频带中的短波长超高频无线电波传输到所述移动装置的。
16.根据权利要求9所述的方法,该方法还包括在无线传输期间对所述感测到的数据进行幅度调制。
17.一种植入物套件,该植入物套件包括:
植入物,该植入物被配置为被植入受试者中;以及
皮下力传感器,该皮下力传感器被配置为与所述植入物耦合,所述皮下力传感器被配置为无线地接收电力。
18.根据权利要求17所述的植入物套件,其中,所述无线电力是利用超声波传输的。
19.根据权利要求17所述的植入物套件,其中,压电换能器被配置为皮下地无线接收电力并且将电力传递到所述皮下力传感器。
20.根据权利要求19所述的植入物套件,其中,所述压电换能器被配置为利用超声波无线传输从所述皮下力传感器接收到的感测到的数据。
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