CN109741663A - Physics lesson free fall experimental device - Google Patents
Physics lesson free fall experimental device Download PDFInfo
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- CN109741663A CN109741663A CN201910209780.3A CN201910209780A CN109741663A CN 109741663 A CN109741663 A CN 109741663A CN 201910209780 A CN201910209780 A CN 201910209780A CN 109741663 A CN109741663 A CN 109741663A
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Abstract
The present invention relates to physics lesson free fall experimental devices, including magnechuck, inner cylinder, outer cylinder, movable contact connecting terminal, fixed contact connecting terminal, the control assembly containing timer, switching group.Control circuit can make timer start timing moment magnechuck power-off and timing during the entire process of magnechuck remain powered off state.Below outer cylinder face magnechuck, top is equipped with clamp rail.The closing of inner cylinder bottom, outer wall be equipped with the matched guide groove of clamp rail, the two can be relatively fixed in several preset height and positions.In any preset height and position, movable contact connecting terminal can be connected with fixed contact connecting terminal, establish precondition for timer initiation timing.It is adsorbed on magnechuck and falls block.Falling block can fall into inner cylinder with bottom wall collision, move down inner cylinder with respect to outer cylinder, movable contact connecting terminal and fixed contact connecting terminal are detached from, and stop timing.Its convenience for being able to ascend operation experiments reduces the probability or experimental bias of the failure of an experiment.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to experiment device for teaching fields, and in particular in high school physics class to the characteristics of motion of freely falling body into
The experimental provision arrived is used when row experiment.
Background technique
The movement of falling object belongs to uniformly accelerated motion.In physical teaching course, for intuitivism apprehension, it is even acceleration fortune
It is dynamic, offer confirmatory experiment class.
It mainly include bracket, dotted timer, paper tape, extension currently used for simulating the experimental provision of the movement of falling object
Hook, counterweight and ruler.By by dotted timer left on paper tape continuously get ready and dotted timer every dozen one by one
The time changeless rule of point, the final displacement for obtaining vertical direction and corresponding time, to complete confirmatory experiment.Such as
The multiple spot (described point on experiment paper) that fruit obtains can cross same straight line, just prove that freely falling body is uniformly accelerated motion.
Current free fall experimental device, when operation, need for dotted timer to be fixed on bracket, and paper tape is passed through and beaten
It is arranged along the vertical direction in point timer, and the lower end of paper tape connects upper counterweight with clip, pinches the upper end of paper tape, opening is got ready
Paper tape is unclamped when timer, paper tape will be pierced by dotted timer under the traction of counterweight.According to dotted timer on paper tape
Get distribution situation ready, obtaining vertical displacement data and time data, (time span two-by-two between adjacent two o'clock is identical, slightly
Approximation is 0.02 second, and spacing is inconsistent).
Above-mentioned free fall experimental device, it is desirable that unclamp paper tape after opening dotted timer, it is desirable that paper tape is maintained at perpendicular
Histogram is upward, extends perpendicularly through dotted timer.If the up rightness of paper tape in the vertical direction is bad, experiment can be seriously affected
As a result.So more inconvenient when people operation, increase experimental result have relatively large deviation (described point on experiment grid paper,
Be distributed in same oblique line two sides spacing it is larger or excessively dispersion be difficult to concentrate near straight line well) a possibility that or
The failure of an experiment probability.The top of hand-held paper tape protects the initial velocity of paper tape (or saying counterweight) in the vertical direction in original state
It is inconvenient to hold the epidemic situation comparison for being absolutely zero, and counterweight can have certain shaking, also will affect experiment effect.
In addition, the experimental provision be used for verify gravity acceleration g value when, error source be mainly adjacent two get ready between
The error in reading of spacing, so after needing to carry out multiple groups experiment, the conclusion of the lesser several groups of experiments of selection operation error takes it flat
Mean value.
Summary of the invention
For currently used free fall experimental device, existing one man operation is inconvenient, is easy to cause the failure of an experiment
Or the problem that error is excessive, the present invention provides a kind of free fall experimental devices used on physics lesson, have behaviour
Work is convenient, facilitates the advantages of reducing the failure of an experiment probability, promoting experimental demonstration effect.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention to solve the technical problem is that: a kind of physics lesson free fall experimental device,
Including pedestal, the fixed hack lever set on the base, the top plate being located at the top of hack lever, the magnechuck being fixed on top plate, inner cylinder,
Outer cylinder, the movable contact connecting terminal for being located at inner cylinder lower part, the fixed contact connecting terminal being located on outer cylinder and control assembly.
It is logical that timer, the control magnechuck are equipped in the control circuit of the control assembly -- the switch of power-off, control
Make the switch that the timer starts timing.
The control circuit is arranged so that the moment that the timer starts timing is in the electromagnetism of energized state
Sucker powers off and the timer is during the entire process of timing, and the magnechuck remains powered off state.
The outer cylinder is fixed on the pedestal, and face is in the lower section of the top plate, and the top of the outer cylinder is set
There is the clamp rail extended radially inwardly.
The bottom of the inner cylinder be closed end, outer wall be equipped with extend vertically and can be with the matched guiding of the clamp rail
Slot enables the inner cylinder to slide along the vertical direction with respect to outer cylinder, and relatively fixed in several preset height and positions.It is
By the interaction force (clamping force, frictional force) between clamp rail and guide groove, (preset so that inner cylinder is fixed on certain with respect to outer cylinder
) height and position.
When the relatively described outer cylinder of the inner cylinder is fixed on any one preset height and position, the movable contact connecting terminal
One end can be connected with the end thereof contacts of the fixed contact connecting terminal, and be connected into the associated control circuit of the timer,
Precondition is established so as to start timing for the circuit connection of the timer, lacks the precondition, even if closure institute
The control timer stated starts the switch of timing, and timer will not still work and (play clocking capability).
The magnetic attraction that the magnechuck is generated by it, is adsorbed with and falls block.It is described to fall after block falls by magnechuck
It can fall into the inner cylinder and be collided with the bottom wall of the inner cylinder, so that the relatively described outer cylinder of the inner cylinder moves down, together
Shi Suoshu movable contact connecting terminal and the fixed contact connecting terminal are detached from, so that the timer just in timing stops meter
When.
In above scheme, after the switch connection for starting timing for controlling the timer, the electromagnetism is enabled to inhale
Disk power-off, while the timer starts timing, and it is inner cylinder with respect to outer cylinder that timer, which is capable of the precondition of normal timing,
It is fixed on some preset height and position, movable contact connecting terminal is in the shape for contacting conducting with fixed contact connecting terminal
State.If inner cylinder is fixed on some preset height and position without opposite outer cylinder, movable contact connecting terminal connects with fixed contact
Line terminals just can not contact conducting, after pressing the switch for starting timing for controlling the timer at this time, the timer
It can not start timing, so, it is that can start timing that movable contact connecting terminal, which contacts conducting with fixed contact connecting terminal,
Prerequisite, and when a flash that movable contact connecting terminal and fixed contact connecting terminal are detached from, the timer will stop
Timing can read the time value that timer shows screen display at this time, and as falling block, that certain is fallen to from magnechuck is default
Used time length when at height.Later, the reset button on timer is pressed, the time read of timer can be into after becoming zero
Next group of experiment of row.
In a particular embodiment, when the relatively described outer cylinder of the inner cylinder is fixed on any one preset height and position,
The cell wall of the guide groove and the clamp rail opposite position is rough surface, is increased between set clamp rail and set guide groove whereby
Contact friction force, to guarantee that the inner cylinder steadily can be fixed on some preset height and position by opposite outer cylinder.
It is set with set clamp rail phase on set guide groove it should be noted that at any one preset height and position
The vertical development length of the rough surface of interaction, as long as can guarantee that set inner cylinder can steadily relatively set outer cylinder be fixed on
The preset height and position.So the rough surface set by each height and position on set guide groove, vertical development length
It should be as short as possible.
In a particular embodiment, when the relatively described outer cylinder of the inner cylinder is fixed on any one preset height and position,
It is tight fit at the guide groove and the clamp rail opposite position and is the cooperation of line face contact, by the clamping at tight fit
Power guarantees that the inner cylinder steadily can be fixed on some preset height and position with respect to outer cylinder.So clamp rail and guide groove
Other positions are chosen as loose fit relationship, can preferably contact with each other and an opposite timing will not generate excessive frictional resistance
(pine) matching relationship.
In a particular embodiment, the fixed preset height and position of the relatively described outer cylinder of the corresponding inner cylinder, in institute
It states and is respectively equipped with radially opposite a pair of of the fixed contact connecting terminal of multilayer on the wall body of outer cylinder along the vertical direction.Relatively
Ground, the inner cylinder are equipped with diametrically opposite a pair of of movable contact connecting terminal.
Fixed contact connecting terminal one end opposite with the movable contact connecting terminal can radially translate, Jin Erneng
It is enough to contact contact lug terminal set by each layer with the movable contact connecting terminal.
The inner cylinder relative to the outer cylinder along the vertical direction move during, the fixed contact connecting terminal can with it is described
Movable contact connecting terminal contacts and the movable contact connecting terminal is stopped to continue to move up, so that the inner cylinder is relatively described outer
Cylinder is fixed on preset height position corresponding to the fixed contact connecting terminal.
In specific embodiment, fixed contact connecting terminal one end opposite with the movable contact connecting terminal is set as U
Type groove end, and the notch at the U-type groove end is downward, free end end face is opening mode.By the fixed contact connecting terminal edge of a certain layer
It radially-inwardly elapses after moving certain length (other layers retract out against, step down), is moved down on movable contact connecting terminal
In dynamic process, movable contact connecting terminal is eventually caught in the U-type groove end of the fixed contact connecting terminal.
In a particular embodiment, the inner bottom wall of the outer cylinder is equipped with resilient snubber.It is relatively outer in inner cylinder in this way
During cylinder moves down, it can be directly impinging bolster, the bottom wall without directly hitting outer cylinder.The setting of bolster is answered
Guarantee that its bounce will not will fall block pop-up inner cylinder.The bolster is typically chosen in spring or sponge column.
In a particular embodiment, the bottom of the inner cylinder is equipped with the connection frame that its opposite outer bottom extends downwardly, institute
It states movable contact connecting terminal and is arranged in that the connection frame is opposite to be extended on the part of the inner cylinder subjacent.Outside the inner cylinder
Bottom surface is equipped with the safety block extended downwardly.The position of the connection frame setting is avoided in the setting position of the safety block, to keep away
Exempting from safety block stops movable contact connecting terminal to contact with fixed contact connecting terminal.Furthermore the lower end surface of the safety block is relatively described
The lower end surface of connection frame extends downwardly or flush relative.The effect of safety block is to avoid bottom wall or the bottom of connection frame and outer cylinder
The bolster being arranged on wall directly acts on.Safety block preferably has the material production of certain elasticity, and safety block at this time exists
When it generates the maximum distortion of vertical direction, bottom surface is still not above the floor height position of connection frame.
In a particular embodiment, inner bottom plating, the making material of the inner bottom plating are embedded on the inner bottom surface of the inner cylinder
Hardness is not less than the making material hardness for falling block.
The beneficial effects of the present invention are:
It is able to ascend convenience when one man operation's experiment, leads to the failure of an experiment when being substantially reduced one man operation's experiment
Probability, or it is substantially reduced experimental bias, it helps so that experimental implementation easy, brings better experience effect.
Multiple groups because enabling to acquisition fall block stroke value and corresponding time-consuming length value is more acurrate, and error can significantly subtract
It is small, help so that on experiment grid paper, the multiple spot described can be distributed well on the same line or by offset control
System is to a very small extent.It avoids the problem that existing and generates biggish error when being read by people with ruler, so last
When experiment conclusion is verified, better experience effect can be brought to experimenter.The g value of acquisition, error source are limited primarily to fall block
With the frictional resistance of air, help to verify gravity acceleration value well.
It can easily guarantee that fall block is freely fallen with stable state, especially fall block and be set as sphere and electromagnetism suction
Smoothly the fixed electromagnetism that is adsorbed on of sphere can be inhaled with after the groove of the sphere-contact of sphere in the lower end surface setting of disk
On the bottom surface of disk.
The inner cylinder being equipped with and outer cylinder mating structure are simple, the two can be made to constitute so that timer stops the switch of timing
Associated section, and reliable, effective collection can be carried out to the block that falls fallen well, avoid the loss for falling block.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the overall structure diagram of scheme involved by this patent.
Fig. 2 is certain specific embodiment, and inner cylinder is fixed on structural schematic diagram when a certain preset height and position with respect to outer cylinder.
Fig. 3 is a kind of control circuit schematic diagram that this patent is able to use.
Fig. 4 is another control circuit schematic diagram that this patent is able to use.
Fig. 5 is the partial enlargement structural representation in Fig. 2 at A.
In figure: 10 fall block, 1 pedestal, 11 hack levers, 12 top plates, 2 magnechucks, 3 inner cylinders, 31 guide grooves, 32 connection frames, and 33
Safety block, 34 inner bottom platings, 4 outer cylinders, 41 clamp rails, 42 springs, 5 movable contact connecting terminals, 51 conducting wires, 6 fixed contact connecting terminals, 61
Insulating bar, 62 conductors, 621 connecting pins, 622U type groove end
Specific embodiment
Structure depicted in Figure of description, ratio, size etc., only to cooperate the revealed content of specification, with
Understand for those skilled in the art and read, be not intended to limit the invention enforceable qualifications, therefore does not have technically
Essential meaning, the modification of any structure, the change of proportionate relationship or the adjustment of size can be generated not influencing the present invention
Under effect and the purpose that can reach, should all still it fall in the range of disclosed technology contents can cover.Meanwhile
Cited such as "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", " centre " term in this specification are merely convenient to being illustrated for narration, and
It is non-that to limit the scope of the invention, relativeness is altered or modified, under the content of no substantial changes in technology, when
Also it is considered as the enforceable scope of the present invention.
As shown in Figure 1 and Figure 2, wherein the orientation of Fig. 1 section with respect to Fig. 2 section orientation be mutually perpendicular to relationship.
The physics lesson free fall experimental device of diagram including pedestal 1, the fixed hack lever 11 being located on pedestal 1, is located at
The top of hack lever 11 top plate 12 (horizontality after guaranteeing its installation), the magnechuck 2, the inner cylinder 3, outer cylinder that are fixed on top plate 12
4, the movable contact connecting terminal 5 for being located at 3 lower part of inner cylinder, the fixed contact connecting terminal 6 being located on outer cylinder 4 and control assembly (are grasped
Control assembly).Magnechuck 2 can be adsorbed by magnetic force and fall block 10, and it is that (iron and steel material quality, can for sphere that this in diagram, which falls block 10,
Attracted by magnet).As the iron ball for falling block 10, quality is not required too greatly, corresponding, to be adjusted magnechuck 2, be guaranteed its production
Raw magnetic attraction can stablize iron ball on the lower end surface of magnechuck 2.The surface of iron ball preferably makes it have by processing
Higher hardness.To guarantee that iron ball (centre of sphere) can smoothly be fixed on certain position of 2 lower end plane of magnechuck (in lower section institute
If the position of the axis face of inner cylinder and/or outer cylinder), in a particular embodiment, spherical surface can be set in the lower end surface of magnechuck
Groove (radial depth of groove does not require excessive, generally the 1/8 to 1/3 of iron ball outer diameter, big with specific reference to the outer diameter of iron ball
Small selection can also break through the proportional region).Under specific embodiment, when iron ball is adsorbed on the lower end surface of magnechuck, most
Good that the spherical surface of iron ball and the groove face of groove are completely attached to, this face contact relationship corresponding point face contact can be more stable.
So-called fixed contact connecting terminal, i.e. its movement in the vertical direction are defined.Movement in other directions is (such as
Left and right, front and back are rotated around axle center) and be not exclusively defined, need the mating structure in conjunction with specific embodiments specific
Setting.
It is logical at least provided with timer, the control magnechuck in the control circuit of the control assembly -- the switch of power-off
And start the switch of timing for controlling the timer.
The setting of the control circuit, it is desirable that so that the moment that the timer starts timing is in the described of energized state
Magnechuck 2 powers off and the timer is during the entire process of timing, and the magnechuck 2 remains powered off state.
The outer cylinder 4 is fixed on the pedestal 1, and face is in the lower section of the top plate 12, and the outer cylinder 4 is upper
The clamp rail 41 extended radially inwardly is equipped at port.
The bottom of the inner cylinder 3 is closed end, outer wall be equipped with it is extending vertically and can with the clamp rail 41 is matched leads
To slot 31, the opposite outer cylinder 4 of the inner cylinder 3 is slided along the vertical direction, and it is relatively fixed several (be illustrated as 2,
Can extend to 3 and with last) preset height and position.In diagram, preset two height and position differences are Δ H.Iron ball is (i.e.
Falling block 10) lower end to the distance between the inner bottom surface of inner cylinder 3 is H.Inner cylinder 3 moves to the pre- of downside by the preset height position of upside
If height and position, the stroke that interior bottom (flat) is walked downwards is Δ H, also the stroke mobile for movable contact connecting terminal 5.
When the relatively described outer cylinder 4 of the inner cylinder 3 is fixed on any one preset height and position, the movable contact connecting terminal
5 one end can be connected with the end thereof contacts of the fixed contact connecting terminal 6, and be connected into and the associated control electricity of the timer
Precondition is established for the circuit connection of the timer so as to start timing in road.
The magnechuck 2 falls block 10 by its magnetic-adsorption generated, and falling can after block 10 is fallen by magnechuck 2
It falls into the inner cylinder 3 and is collided with the bottom wall of the inner cylinder 3, so that the relatively described outer cylinder 4 of the inner cylinder 3 moves down, together
Shi Suoshu movable contact connecting terminal 5 and the fixed contact connecting terminal 6 are detached from, so that the timer just in timing stops
Timing.
In the scheme of this patent, after the switch connection for starting timing for controlling the timer, the electricity is enabled to
Magnetic-disc power-off, while the timer starts timing, and it is that inner cylinder is opposite that timer, which is capable of the precondition of normal timing,
Outer cylinder has been fixed on some preset height and position, and movable contact connecting terminal is in fixed contact connecting terminal and contacts conducting
State.If inner cylinder is fixed on some preset height and position, movable contact connecting terminal and fixed contact without opposite outer cylinder
Connecting terminal just can not contact conducting, after pressing the switch for starting timing for controlling the timer at this time, the timing
Device can not start timing, so, it is (timer) energy that movable contact connecting terminal, which contacts conducting with fixed contact connecting terminal,
Enough start the prerequisite of timing, and when a flash that movable contact connecting terminal and fixed contact connecting terminal are detached from, the timing
Device will stop timing, the time value that timer shows screen display can be read at this time, under as falling block from magnechuck
Used time length when dropping down at certain preset height.
In a particular embodiment, when the relatively described outer cylinder of the inner cylinder is fixed on any one preset height and position,
The cell wall of the guide groove and the clamp rail opposite position is rough surface, is increased between set clamp rail and set guide groove whereby
Contact friction force, to guarantee that the inner cylinder steadily can be fixed on some preset height and position by opposite outer cylinder.
It is set with set clamp rail phase on set guide groove it should be noted that at any one preset height and position
The vertical development length of the rough surface of interaction, as long as can guarantee that set inner cylinder can steadily relatively set outer cylinder be fixed on
The preset height and position.So the rough surface set by each height and position on set guide groove, vertical development length
It should be as short as possible.Guarantee fall block hit inner cylinder bottom wall after inner cylinder can promptly be moved down with respect to outer cylinder.It is specific to extend length
The size and friction co-efficient value of degree, it is also contemplated that falling the starting altitude of block whereabouts and falling the weight of block.
In a particular embodiment, when the relatively described outer cylinder of the inner cylinder is fixed on any one preset height and position,
It is tight fit at the guide groove and the clamp rail opposite position and is the cooperation of line face contact (comprising single line and face contact or more
The situation of line and face contact), to guarantee that the inner cylinder can be steadily fixed on respect to outer cylinder by the clamping force at tight fit
Some preset height and position.So clamp rail and the other positions of guide groove are chosen as loose fit relationship, preferably can be mutual
Contact and an opposite timing will not generate (pine) matching relationship of excessive frictional resistance.
As shown in Figure 1 and Figure 2, the fixed preset height and position (2) of the relatively described outer cylinder 4 of the corresponding inner cylinder 3, in
Two layers of radially opposite a pair of of fixed contact connecting terminal 6 is respectively equipped on the wall body of the outer cylinder 4 along the vertical direction.
Relatively, the inner cylinder 3 is equipped with diametrically opposite a pair of of movable contact connecting terminal 5, this passes through movable contact connecting terminal 5
The connection of conducting wire 51 forms access.The fixed contact connecting terminal 6 one end opposite with the movable contact connecting terminal 5 can be along diameter
To translation, and then contact lug terminal 6 set by each layer can alternatively be made to contact 5 with the movable contact connecting terminal.Figure
In showing, fixed contact connecting terminal 6 includes insulating bar 61 and conductor 62, and conductor 62 includes connecting pin 621 and U-type groove end 622.Outer cylinder
4 barrel is equipped with through-hole, and one end of insulating bar 61 passes through the through-hole and enters in the barrel chamber of outer cylinder 4, in the fixed setting of end
Conductor 62.Insulating bar 61 is equipped with axial threading hole, after conducting wire connect with conductor 62, lead to outside outer cylinder 4 and
Control assembly connection.Insulating bar 61 can adjust (the diameter of conductor 62 in such a way that set through-hole on opposite outer cylinder 4 radially slides
To) position, it may make that through-hole is prism hole or cylindrical hole at this time, accordingly, insulating bar 61 and the matched part of through-hole are prism
Section or cylindrical section.If conductor 62 is cooperated by U-type groove end 622 thereon with movable contact connecting terminal 5, easily make insulating bar 61
It is prism section with the matched part of through-hole (through-hole corresponding part is prism hole).If insulating bar passes through with through-hole set on outer cylinder
Helicitic texture matching is rotated by insulating bar 61 to adjust (radial direction) position of conductor 62, at this point, if conductor 62 passes through it
On U-type groove end 622 and movable contact connecting terminal 5 cooperate, then need by changing the structure that connect with insulating bar 61 of conductor 62,
When so that insulating bar rotating, conductor will not and then rotate together, can be incited somebody to action at this time in the connecting pin of insulating bar and conductor by bearing
The two connection, and draw support arm from conductor and be inserted on the inner wall of outer cylinder, guarantee that the opposite outer cylinder of support arm energy of conductor moves radially.
In diagram, conductor 62 is connect with collets by helicitic texture, so insulating bar is to adjust conductor by the movement of radial pull
Radial position.
During the inner cylinder 3 is moved along the vertical direction relative to the outer cylinder 4, the fixed contact connecting terminal 6 can be with
The movable contact connecting terminal 5 contacts and the movable contact connecting terminal 5 is stopped to continue to move up, so that 3 phase of the inner cylinder
Preset height position corresponding to the fixed contact connecting terminal 6 is fixed on to the outer cylinder 4.It is described to determine touching as shown in Fig. 2, Fig. 5
Point connecting terminal 6 one end opposite with the movable contact connecting terminal 5 is set as U-type groove end 622, and the slot at the U-type groove end 622
Mouth down, free end end face are opening mode.The fixed contact connecting terminal 6 of a certain layer is elapsed to dynamic certain length radially inward
(the fixed contact connecting terminal 6 of other layers radially retracts certain length, such as Fig. 2) afterwards, in about 5 movable contact connecting terminal
In mobile process, movable contact connecting terminal 5 is eventually caught in the type groove at U-type groove end 622 of the fixed contact connecting terminal 6,
Movable contact connecting terminal 5 is formed by the roof of type groove and is stopped.
As shown in Figure 1, the inner bottom wall of the outer cylinder 4 is equipped with resilient snubber.So downwards with respect to outer cylinder 4 in inner cylinder 3
In mobile process, it can be directly impinging bolster, the bottom wall without directly hitting outer cylinder 4.The setting of bolster should ensure that
Its bounce will not will fall block pop-up inner cylinder.The resilient snubber is typically chosen in spring 42 or sponge column.
The bottom of the inner cylinder 3 is equipped with the connection frame 32 that its opposite outer bottom extends downwardly, the movable contact connecting terminal 5
The connection frame 32 is arranged in extend on the part of 3 subjacent of inner cylinder relatively.The outer bottom of the inner cylinder 3 be equipped with to
The safety block 33 of lower extension.The position that the connection frame 32 is arranged is avoided in the setting position of the safety block 33, to avoid insurance
Block 33 stops movable contact connecting terminal 5 to contact with fixed contact connecting terminal 6.Furthermore the lower end surface of the safety block 33 is relatively described
The lower end surface of connection frame 32 extends downwardly.The effect of safety block 33 is to avoid being arranged on connection frame 32 and 4 bottom wall of outer cylinder slow
Stamping directly acts on.Safety block 33 preferably has the material production of certain elasticity, and safety block at this time is vertical in its generation
When the maximum distortion in direction, bottom surface is still not above the floor height position of connection frame.
Inner bottom plating 34 is embedded on the inner bottom surface of the inner cylinder 3, the hardness of the making material of the inner bottom plating 34, which is not less than, to be fallen
The hardness of the making material (also being understood as its surfacing) of block 10.Why to falling block 10 and inner bottom plating 34 (or inner cylinder 3
Bottom wall) material hardness have it is required, it is therefore intended that anti-falling stop block 10 is with inner cylinder 3 (its bottom wall or the inner bottom plating 34 of setting) in phase
Big deformation is generated during mutually hitting, prevents its deflection from influencing whether the influence to H numerical value in diagram.Inner bottom plating is set
34, benefit is to be conveniently replaceable.
It is with movable contact connecting terminal by fixed contact connecting terminal specifically by inner cylinder phase in the diagram of this patent is introduced
Preset height and position is arranged in outer cylinder, i.e. fixed contact connecting terminal can stop movable contact connecting terminal to move up, and prevent
Only inner cylinder is moved up with respect to outer cylinder transition.It is and by the effect between guide groove and clamp rail, inner cylinder is opposite with outer cylinder solid
Fixed.In other examples, traditional means can be taken, the scale of vertical direction is such as set, realize adjustment inner cylinder phase
The purpose of height is set to outer cylinder fixed bit.This means above-mentioned are read because existing, so stroke value error can be made opposite
It is big.Or corresponding graticule is set on outer wall of the clamp rail with inner cylinder, it is to reach preset position when graticule is aligned.This
When insulating bar the settable counterbore in inner end, conductor is placed in counterbore.Graticule on the graticule and inner cylinder of clamp rail at certain height
It when alignment, rotates or pushing directly on insulating bar moves radially inwardly it, so that the opposite end insertion of movable contact connecting terminal is heavy
It is contacted in hole with conductor, forms turning circuit.
Fig. 3 and Fig. 4 gives two kinds of electric operation control circuit figures suitable for illustrated embodiment, i.e. time control circuit A and meter
When control circuit B.
Time control circuit A:
Closure switch S, magnechuck, which is powered to falling block and be sucked, is suspended at the surface of inner cylinder.Button SB opens for time-delay reset
It closes or needs to press the button switch that first power can reset after pressing again, it is that control timer starts timing in circuit
Switch.So (on condition that movable contact connecting terminal contacts conducting with fixed contact connecting terminal) after pressing lower button SB, intermediate relay
The coil K of device one1Obtain electric, normally closed type contact switch K1s1It disconnects, contact switch K open in usual1s2Closure, so that magnechuck is disconnected
Electricity falls block and is fallen by eminence towards inner cylinder, meanwhile, the circuit of timer is switched on and starts timing.Inner cylinder is impacted when falling block
Bottom wall is detached from inner cylinder with respect to the moment that outer cylinder moves down, movable contact connecting terminal and fixed contact connecting terminal, and cuts off
The coil K of intermediate relay one1Access (button SB is still in closed state at this time) so that coil K1Power loss, normally closed type contact
Switch K1s1, contact switch K open in usual1s2It resets simultaneously, magnechuck is once again powered up, intermediate even if button SB is still closed at this time
The coil K of relay one1It will not obtain electric.In circuit, movable contact connecting terminal and fixed contact connecting terminal constitute control timing
Switch (the i.e. S of device stopping timingStop)
Above-mentioned control circuit, can be by SStopOn concatenation to the route of timer.It still is able to using this patent.At this point, timing
After device stops timing, if button SB is not turned off, magnechuck will not still be powered.
Time control circuit B:
Closure switch S, magnechuck, which is powered to falling block and be sucked, is suspended at the surface of inner cylinder.Button SB is that reset is opened immediately
It closes, it will be appreciated that at, the contact switch of itself and intermediate relay constitutes the switch that control timer starts timing in circuit, or
Being understood as button SB is the switch for controlling timer and starting timing.(premise is still movable contact terminals after pressed lower button SB
Son contacts conducting with fixed contact connecting terminal), the coil K of intermediate relay one1Obtain electric, normally closed type contact switch K1s1It disconnects,
Contact switch K open in usual1s2Closure falls block and is fallen by eminence towards inner cylinder so that magnechuck powers off, meanwhile, intermediate relay two
Coil K2Obtain electric, contact switch K open in usual2s1Closure, normally closed type contact switch K2s2It disconnects.Because button SB is immediately multiple
Position, so the coil K of intermediate relay one1It is electric followed by will power loss.By the way that intermediate relay two is arranged, even if intermediate
After one power loss of relay, because of contact switch K open in usual2s1It is closure, so the coil K of intermediate relay two2It is able to maintain
Electricity condition, enable the normal timing of timer.In time status, magnechuck powers off always.Inner cylinder is impacted when falling block
Bottom wall make inner cylinder with respect to the moment that outer cylinder moves down, movable contact connecting terminal and fixed contact connecting terminal are detached from, and are cut
The coil K of disconnected intermediate relay two2Access so that coil K2Power loss, contact switch K open in usual2s1, normally closed type contact switch
K2s2It resets simultaneously, magnechuck is once again powered up.In circuit, movable contact connecting terminal and fixed contact connecting terminal constitute control meter
When device stop timing switch (SStop)
The principle of the present invention and its effect is only illustrated in above embodiment, and is not intended to limit the present invention.This hair
It is bright to be improved under the premise of without prejudice to overall thought there are many more aspect, it all can be for those skilled in the art
Without prejudice under spirit and scope of the invention, can carry out modifications and changes to above-described embodiment.Therefore, technical field such as
Middle all equivalent modifications for being completed without departing from the spirit and technical ideas disclosed in the present invention of tool usually intellectual or
Change, should be covered by the claims of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of physics lesson free fall experimental device, it is characterised in that: including pedestal, set hack lever on the base, be located at
Top plate on hack lever, inner cylinder, outer cylinder, the movable contact connecting terminal for being located at inner cylinder lower part, is located at the magnechuck being located on top plate
Fixed contact connecting terminal and control assembly on outer cylinder；
It controls in the control circuit of assembly and starts to count equipped with timer, the switch of control magnechuck on-off electricity, control timer
When switch；The setting of control circuit so that the moment that timer starts timing be in the magnechuck power-off of energized state and count
When during magnechuck remain powered off state；
Outer cylinder fixation is set on the base, and face is in the lower section of top plate, and the top of outer cylinder is equipped with the clamp rail extended radially inwardly；
The bottom of inner cylinder is closed end, and outer wall is equipped with extending vertically and can enable inner cylinder with the matched guide groove of clamp rail
Enough opposite outer cylinders slide along the vertical direction, and relatively fixed in several preset height and positions；
When inner cylinder is fixed on any preset height and position with respect to outer cylinder, one end of movable contact connecting terminal can be with fixed contact wiring
One end of terminal is connected, be connected into the associated control circuit of timer, timing can be activated for timer and establish precondition；
Magnechuck is adsorbed with by its magnetic attraction and falls block；Fall after block is fallen by magnechuck can fall into inner cylinder and with
The bottom wall of inner cylinder collides, so that inner cylinder is moved down with respect to outer cylinder, while movable contact connecting terminal and fixed contact connecting terminal are de-
From so that the timer just in timing stops timing.
2. physics lesson free fall experimental device according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: inner cylinder is fixed with respect to outer cylinder
In any one preset height and position, the cell wall of guide groove and clamp rail opposite position is rough surface.
3. physics lesson free fall experimental device according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: inner cylinder is fixed with respect to outer cylinder
In any one preset height and position, guide groove and clamp rail opposite position are tight fit and are the cooperation of line face contact.
4. physics lesson free fall experimental device according to any one of claim 1 to 3, it is characterised in that: corresponding
The inner cylinder each preset height and position fixed with respect to outer cylinder, in being respectively equipped with multilayer on the wall body of outer cylinder along the vertical direction along diameter
A pair of of the fixed contact connecting terminal opposite to direction；Relatively, inner cylinder is equipped with diametrically opposite a pair of of movable contact terminals
Son；
Fixed contact connecting terminal one end opposite with movable contact connecting terminal can radially translate, and then can alternatively make
Contact lug terminal set by each layer is contacted with movable contact connecting terminal；
Inner cylinder relative to outer cylinder along the vertical direction move during, fixed contact connecting terminal can be contacted with movable contact connecting terminal and
Movable contact connecting terminal is stopped to continue to move up, so that inner cylinder is fixed on corresponding to the fixed contact connecting terminal with respect to outer cylinder
Preset height position.
5. physics lesson free fall experimental device according to claim 4, it is characterised in that: fixed contact connecting terminal with
The opposite one end of movable contact connecting terminal is set as U-type groove end, and the notch at the U-type groove end is downward, and free end end face is to open
Form；Movable contact connecting terminal can be inserted into the U-type groove end of fixed contact connecting terminal.
6. physics lesson free fall experimental device according to claim 4, it is characterised in that: set in the inner bottom wall of outer cylinder
Flexible bolster.
7. physics lesson free fall experimental device according to claim 4, it is characterised in that: the bottom of inner cylinder is equipped with phase
To the connection frame that its outer bottom extends downwardly, movable contact connecting terminal is located at the connection frame and extends to inner cylinder subjacent relatively
On part；
The outer bottom of inner cylinder is equipped with the safety block extended downwardly, and the position of connection frame setting is avoided in the setting position of the safety block
It sets, and the lower end surface of safety block is extended downwardly with respect to the lower end surface of connection frame or flush relative.
8. physics lesson free fall experimental device according to any one of claim 1 to 3, it is characterised in that: outer cylinder
Inner bottom wall be equipped with resilient snubber.
9. physics lesson free fall experimental device according to any one of claim 1 to 3, it is characterised in that: inner cylinder
Bottom be equipped with the connection frame that its opposite outer bottom extends downwardly, in movable contact connecting terminal is located at that the connection frame is opposite and extends to
On the part of cylinder subjacent；
The outer bottom of inner cylinder is equipped with the safety block extended downwardly, and the position of connection frame setting is avoided in the setting position of the safety block
It sets, and the lower end surface of safety block is extended downwardly with respect to the lower end surface of connection frame or flush relative.
10. physics lesson free fall experimental device according to any one of claim 1 to 3, it is characterised in that: inner cylinder
Inner bottom surface on be embedded with inner bottom plating, the making material hardness of the inner bottom plating is not less than the making material hardness for falling block.
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|---|---|---|---|
| CN201910209780.3A CN109741663A (en) | 2019-03-19 | 2019-03-19 | Physics lesson free fall experimental device |
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| CN201910209780.3A CN109741663A (en) | 2019-03-19 | 2019-03-19 | Physics lesson free fall experimental device |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN112802382A (en) * | 2021-02-02 | 2021-05-14 | 中国人民解放军国防科技大学 | Remote-controlled gravity acceleration physical experiment system |
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