CN109746112B - Coarse slime gravity separation equipment and method - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a coarse coal slime gravity separation device and a coarse coal slime gravity separation method, which are suitable for being used in the technical field of coal separation. The spiral sorting machine comprises a spiral generating device, wherein a spiral sorting device is arranged above the spiral generating device; when particles with different densities are used in the movement process of the spiral chute, the vibration exciter of the spiral middle shaft support generates vibration exciting torque around the vertical shaft, the vibration exciting torque around the vertical shaft enhances the radial centrifugal force of materials, increases the inward friction force of the chute surface facing the bottom layer of the materials, enhances the interlayer repulsion force of the materials, and strengthens the density distribution of the materials. Meanwhile, the spiral chute surface is provided with a groove along an upper spiral line, the depth in the chute is gradually deepened from inside to outside along the radial direction, the generated water flow is vertically divided to speed so as to strengthen the separation and layering of materials, and light particles which mistakenly enter the chute bottom and heavy particles which mistakenly enter the chute edge are delaminated and banded again, so that the separation of gangue and clean coal is realized, and the separation precision is improved.

Description

A kind of coarse slime gravity separation equipment and method

technical field

The invention relates to a coarse coal slime gravity separation device and method, and is especially suitable for coarse coal slime gravity separation device and method used in the coal separation technical field.

Background technique

In the whole process of coal separation, the particle size of coarse slime is between the lower limit of dense medium separation and the upper limit of flotation (2-0.3mm), and it is difficult to use dense medium separation and flotation to improve the coarse coal slime. Precision sorting. Therefore, coarse coal slime is generally separated separately, and its separation process also has a decisive linking effect in the entire coal separation process. . The extensive application of large-diameter heavy medium cyclones and fine-grained coal treatment equipment not only improves product quality and separation effect, but also reduces the separation of coarse slime near the junction of gravity separation and coal slime water treatment particle size to a certain extent. Select effect. The problem of coarse slime separation has become the main bottleneck affecting the improvement of clean coal yield in most coal preparation plants in China.

In recent years, there have been some new equipment applications in the development of gravity coarse slime separation equipment. Although the coal slime separation technology has been continuously improved and new equipment has appeared, some equipment still has some limitations when dealing with coarse slime. According to Stokes' theory of the decline of mineral particles in the density field of centrifugal force, the centrifugal force received by the particles in the cyclone is proportional to the particle size. Therefore, during the sedimentation process of materials above +3mm, the larger particles The diameter can increase the centrifugal force and the effective separation speed of the ore particles, and the material can be separated according to the density, and the ordinary cyclone can solve the problem of +0.3mm material. For -0.5mm slime agent, it is preferentially adsorbed and has strong selectivity, and the slime flotation of this part can be solved well.

The existing coarse slime sorting equipment has been widely used, such as disturbed bed separator (TBS), spiral separator, slime heavy medium cyclone, etc., but it also exists in the process of sorting coarse slime. More or less shortcomings restrict the improvement of sorting accuracy. The parameters of the screw separator itself are not easy to adjust to adapt to changes in the nature of the feed material, the separation density is high, and the enrichment effect on flake ore particles is poor. The separation density is low, the slime dense medium cyclone needs to set up a separate fine medium circulation and recovery system, the system design is relatively complex, the recovery of ultra-fine medium is difficult, and the production cost is high.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

Aiming at the shortcomings of the above technologies, a simple structure and high separation efficiency of coarse slime gravity separation equipment and method are provided.

In order to achieve the above technical purpose, the coal slime gravity separation equipment of the present invention includes a spiral generating device, and a spiral separation device is arranged above the spiral generating device; the spiral generating device includes a base and a vibration exciter arranged in the base; The spiral sorting device includes a columnar spiral outer support, the top of the spiral outer bracket is provided with an end cover, the top end cover of the spiral outer bracket is provided with a feeding port on one side, and a plurality of rubber spring tubes are arranged at the connection between the bottom of the spiral outer bracket and the base. , the central axis of the spiral outer bracket is provided with a spiral central axis, the top of the spiral central axis is movably connected with the end cover, and the bottom end is connected with the vibration exciter. The shaft support is provided with a spiral chute from top to bottom, the bottom end of the spiral chute is provided with a discharge port, and a product interceptor is provided in the discharge port.

The vibration direction of the exciter is perpendicular to the central axis bracket of the spiral chute.

The spiral chute is provided with a spiral groove surface groove, the spiral groove surface groove can be disassembled, the inner depth of the spiral groove surface groove groove gradually deepens from the inside to the outside along the radial direction, and the high-density particles are moved from the outside to the outside under the action of the bottom rotating water flow. The inner side moves along the groove. As the depth of the groove decreases, the low-density particles mixed in the bottom layer are flushed out by the upper water flow, so that the vertical speed of the water flow strengthens the separation and stratification of the material, and makes it erroneously enter the groove of the spiral groove surface. The light particles at the bottom of the groove and the heavy particles entering the groove edge of the spiral groove surface by mistake are re-stratified and divided.

A kind of slime gravity separation method, its steps are:

Feed coal slime and water as materials to the spiral central axis bracket in the spiral outer bracket through the feeding port. Under the action of gravity, the coal slurry water material falls into the spiral chute along the tangential direction, and passes through the spiral groove surface grooves on the spiral chute in turn. sorting;

Under the action of the exciter, the spiral central axis drives the spiral central axis support to generate the exciting moment around the vertical spiral central axis, on the one hand, the radial centrifugal force of the material is enhanced, and the lateral movement speed of the upper water flow in the spiral chute is accelerated. The low-density part of the coarse slime floats in the upper water flow and is quickly thrown to the outer edge of the chute, and the high-density part of the coarse slime sinks into the lower water flow to achieve rapid stratification of the material particle group; on the other hand, the excitation around the central axis of the spiral The torque also increases the inward friction of the chute of the spiral chute facing the bottom of the material, reduces the rotation speed of the coarse slime and the water flow in the lower layer, and strengthens the speed difference of the coarse slime with different densities moving at the bottom of the chute of the spiral chute. Finally, according to the density difference, a high-density area, a medium-density area and a low-density area are sequentially formed on the spiral section of the spiral chute from the inside to the outside, so as to realize the lateral zoning of light and heavy particles;

On the chute surface of the spiral chute, there is a spiral groove surface groove along the upper spiral line, and the groove depth of the spiral groove surface gradually deepens from the inside to the outside in the radial direction. When the groove surface is grooved, the light particles that stray into the groove bottom of the spiral groove surface and the heavy particles that stray into the edge of the groove will be re-layered and banded during the rotary motion of the lower water flow, thereby enhancing the effect of density sorting;

After the material is stratified and banded stable, the coarse slime particles of different densities move along the spiral chute according to their respective turning radii. Finally, the product interceptor located at the discharge end at the bottom of the spiral separator will horizontally divide the slime belt on the cross section of the spiral chute into three parts: clean coal, medium coal and tail coal, and discharge them through their respective discharge ports.

beneficial effect

a. The vibration exciter of the spiral central axis bracket generates the exciting moment around the vertical axis, and the exciting moment around the vertical axis enhances the radial centrifugal force of the material, on the one hand, it enhances the radial centrifugal force of the material and accelerates the vibration in the spiral chute. The lateral movement speed of the upper water flow makes the low-density part of the coarse slime float on the upper water flow and is quickly thrown to the outer edge of the chute; the high-density part of the coarse slime sinks into the lower water flow to achieve rapid stratification of material particles. On the other hand, the exciting moment around the vertical axis also increases the inward friction force of the chute facing the bottom of the material, reduces the rotational speed and centrifugal force of the coarse slime and the water flow in the lower layer, and strengthens the flow of coarse slime of different densities in the chute. The speed difference of the bottom movement enhances the stratification efficiency and accuracy of the material in the chute, and realizes the lateral zoning of light and heavy particles;

b. There is a groove along the upper helix on the surface of the spiral chute, and the depth in the groove gradually deepens from the inside to the outside along the radial direction. The vertical velocity of the water flow generated thereby strengthens the separation and stratification of the material. There is a groove along the upper helix, and the depth in the groove gradually deepens from the inside to the outside in the radial direction, so that the light particles that have entered the bottom of the groove and the heavy particles that have entered the edge of the groove by mistake are re-layered and divided into bands during the rotary motion of the lower water flow. , so as to strengthen the effect of density sorting and improve the sorting accuracy;

c. The grooves on the spiral groove surface can be disassembled, and the radial heights of the grooves on the spiral groove surface can be of different types, and the grooves of different heights can be selected according to the properties of different coal samples. For coarse slime materials with small density differences and difficult to separate, select spiral grooves with large radial height changes to strengthen the stratification effect of coal slime by density and improve the sorting efficiency; The coarse coal slime material is selected from the spiral groove surface groove with small radial height change, so as to improve the coal slime processing capacity and ensure the recovery rate.

Description of drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of the gravity separation device of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a schematic plan view of the spiral groove surface groove of the present invention.

3 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a groove on a spiral groove surface of the present invention.

In the picture: 1-feeding port, 2-spiral chute, 3-spiral outer bracket, 4-spiral central axis bracket, 5-spiral groove surface groove, 6-vibrator, 7-rubber spring tube, 8-base , 9-discharge port.

Detailed ways

The specific embodiments of the variable invention are further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings:

As shown in Figure 1, the coal slime gravity separation equipment is characterized in that: it includes a spiral generating device, and a spiral separation device is arranged above the spiral generating device; the spiral generating device includes a base 8 and a Vibration exciter 6; the spiral sorting device includes a columnar spiral outer bracket 3, the top of the spiral outer bracket 3 is provided with an end cover, the top end cover of the spiral outer bracket 3 is provided with a feeding port 1 on one side, and the bottom of the spiral outer bracket 3 is connected with the end cap. A plurality of rubber spring tubes 7 are arranged at the connection of the base 8, and the central axis of the spiral outer bracket 3 is provided with a spiral central axis. The vibration direction of the exciter 6 is perpendicular to the central axis bracket of the spiral chute, the spiral outer bracket 3 is provided with a spiral central axis bracket 4 on the spiral central axis, and the spiral central axis bracket 4 is provided with a spiral chute 2 from top to bottom, and the spiral chute 2 The bottom end is provided with a discharge port 9, and the discharge port 9 is provided with a product interceptor.

As shown in Figures 2 and 3, the spiral chute 2 is provided with a spiral groove surface groove 5, the spiral groove surface groove 5 can be disassembled, and the inner depth of the spiral groove surface groove 5 gradually deepens from the inside to the outside along the radial direction , the high-density particles move along the groove from the outside to the inside under the action of the bottom rotating water flow. As the depth of the groove 5 on the spiral groove surface decreases, the low-density particles mixed in the bottom layer are washed out by the upper water flow, so that the vertical velocity of the water flow is strengthened. The material is separated and stratified, so that the light particles entering the groove bottom of the groove 5 on the spiral groove surface by mistake and the heavy particles entering the groove edge of the groove 5 on the spiral groove surface by mistake are re-stratified and banded.

A kind of slime gravity separation method, its steps are:

Coal slime and water are fed into the spiral central axis bracket 4 in the spiral outer bracket 3 through the feeding port 1 as materials. The spiral groove surface groove 5 is sorted;

Under the action of the exciter 6, the helical central axis drives the helical central axis support 4 to generate an exciting moment around the helical central axis in the vertical direction. On the one hand, the radial centrifugal force of the material is enhanced and the lateral movement of the upper water flow in the spiral chute is accelerated. Speed, the low-density part of the coarse slime floats in the upper water flow, and is quickly thrown to the outer edge of the spiral chute 2, and the high-density part of the coarse slime sinks into the lower water flow to achieve rapid stratification of material particles; The exciting moment of the central axis also increases the inward friction of the chute of the spiral chute 2 facing the bottom layer of the material, reduces the rotation speed of the coarse slime and the water flow in the lower layer, and strengthens the coarse slime of different densities in the spiral chute 2. The speed difference at the bottom of the chute finally forms a high-density area, a medium-density area and a low-density area on the spiral section of the spiral chute 2 from the inside to the outside according to the density difference, so as to realize the lateral zoning of light and heavy particles;

On the chute surface of the spiral chute 2, there is a spiral groove surface groove 5 along the upper helix line, and the groove depth of the spiral groove surface groove 5 gradually deepens from the inside to the outside along the radial direction. When passing down the groove 5 on the surface of the spiral groove, the light particles entering the groove bottom of the groove 5 on the spiral groove surface and the heavy particles entering the edge of the groove by mistake will be re-layered and divided in the rotary motion of the lower water flow, thereby strengthening the density separation. selected effect;

After the material is layered and zonal stabilized, the coarse slime particles of different densities move along the spiral chute 2 according to their respective turning radii. The slime belt is finally divided into three parts: clean coal, medium coal and tailing coal by the product interceptor located at the discharge end at the bottom of the spiral separator. .

Claims (3)

1. The utility model provides a coal slime gravity separation equipment which characterized in that: the spiral sorting machine comprises a spiral generating device, wherein a spiral sorting device is arranged above the spiral generating device; the spiral generating device comprises a base (8) and a vibration exciter (6) arranged in the base (8); the spiral sorting device comprises a columnar spiral external support (3), an end cover is arranged at the top of the spiral external support (3), a feeding port (1) is arranged on one side of the end cover at the top of the spiral external support (3), a plurality of rubber spring tubes (7) are arranged at the joint of the bottom of the spiral external support (3) and a base (8), a spiral middle shaft is axially arranged at the center of the circle of the spiral external support (3), the top end of the spiral middle shaft is movably connected with the end cover, and the bottom end of the spiral middle shaft is connected with a vibration exciter (6), a spiral middle shaft support (4) is arranged on the spiral middle shaft in the spiral external support (3), a spiral chute (2) is arranged on the spiral middle shaft support (4) from top to bottom, a discharge port (9) is arranged;

be equipped with spiral groove face recess (5) on spiral chute (2), spiral groove face recess (5) can be dismantled, and the depth of spiral groove face recess (5) inslot is along radially deepening gradually from inside to outside, and high density granule is under the bottom gyration rivers effect, and along the groove motion outside-in, along with the reduction of spiral groove face recess (5) depth, the low density granule that is mingled with at the bottom is washed out by upper rivers to make the perpendicular speed of separation of rivers strengthen the separation layering of material, make the light granule of mistake income spiral groove face recess (5) tank bottom and the heavy granule of mistake income spiral groove face recess (5) groove edge stratify again, the zonation.

2. The coal slurry gravity separation device of claim 1, characterized in that: the vibration direction of the vibration exciter (6) is vertical to the middle shaft bracket of the spiral chute.

3. A separation method using the coal slurry gravity separation device of claim 1, characterized by comprising the steps of:

coal slime and water are fed into a spiral middle shaft support (4) in a spiral outer support (3) through a feeding port (1) to serve as materials, the coal slime materials fall into a spiral chute (2) along the tangential direction under the action of gravity, and are sorted sequentially through spiral groove surface grooves (5) on the spiral chute (2);

under the action of a vibration exciter (6), the spiral middle shaft drives the spiral middle shaft support (4) to generate a vibration exciting moment around the spiral middle shaft in the vertical direction, on one hand, the radial centrifugal force of materials is enhanced, the transverse movement speed of upper layer water flow in the spiral chute is accelerated, the low-density part of coarse coal slime floats on the upper layer water flow and is quickly thrown to the outer edge of the spiral chute (2), and the high-density part of the coarse coal slime sinks into the lower layer water flow, so that the rapid layering of material particle groups is realized; on the other hand, the exciting torque around the spiral middle shaft also increases the inward friction force of the chute surface of the spiral chute (2) to the bottom layer of the material, reduces the rotation speed of coarse coal slime and lower layer water flow, strengthens the speed difference of the coarse coal slime with different densities moving at the bottom of the chute of the spiral chute (2), and finally forms a high-density area, a medium-density area and a low-density area on the spiral section of the spiral chute (2) from inside to outside according to the density difference to realize the transverse zoning of light and heavy particles;

the chute surface of the spiral chute (2) is provided with a spiral chute surface groove (5) along an upper spiral line, the depth of the spiral chute surface groove (5) is gradually deepened from inside to outside along the radial direction, when materials downwards pass through the spiral chute surface groove (5) under the action of a vibration exciter (6) and gravity, light particles mistakenly entering the bottom of the spiral chute surface groove (5) and heavy particles mistakenly entering the edge of the spiral chute surface groove can be delaminated and banded again in the process of flowing back and transferring of lower-layer water, and therefore the effect of density sorting is strengthened;

after materials are layered and are stably separated, coarse coal slime particles with different densities move along the spiral chute (2) according to respective turning radius, high-density particles and low-density particles are uniformly arranged along the cross section of the spiral chute (2) from inside to outside to form a continuous coal slime zone, and finally the coal slime zone on the cross section of the spiral chute is transversely divided into three parts of clean coal, medium coal and tail coal by a product interceptor arranged at the discharge end of the bottom of the spiral separator and is discharged through respective discharge ports (9).

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