Disclosure of Invention
The invention firstly purifies the commercial zein to obtain high-purity alpha-zein, researches the solubility of the zein in different acetic acid water solutions, and provides a brand-new method for preparing zein nanofibers by utilizing acetic acid, water solutions and temperature changes by adopting a top-down molecular self-assembly method based on the molecular engineering principle according to the dissolution characteristic of the zein in the acetic acid water solution in the later stage, wherein the preparation method of the zein nanofibers comprises the following steps: dissolving zein in glacial acetic acid, and heating in a water bath at 40-80 ℃ for 5-120 min to obtain a zein acetic acid solution; dripping deionized water at 4-15 ℃ into a zein acetic acid solution at 40-80 ℃ to obtain a zein acetic acid aqueous solution; and (3) carrying out vacuum freeze drying on the zein acetic acid aqueous solution to obtain the zein nano fiber.
Further, the mixing ratio of the zein and the glacial acetic acid is as follows: 0.1 to 10 wt%.
Further, the vacuum freeze-drying conditions are as follows: the precooling time is 4-12 h, the precooling temperature is-40 to-60 ℃, the freeze-drying time is 24-72 h, and the vacuum degree is 10-40 pa.
Furthermore, the mixing volume ratio of the deionized water to the zein acetic acid solution is 5: 1-1000: 1.
Further, the zein is alpha-zein.
Further, the extraction method of the alpha-zein comprises the following steps:
dissolving zein in an 85-95% (v/v) ethanol water solution, performing vortex to completely dissolve the zein, and placing the zein at the temperature of 4 +/-1 ℃; and carrying out low-temperature centrifugal treatment; taking supernatant after low-temperature centrifugation, and keeping the supernatant at 4 +/-1 ℃;
dripping deionized water at 15 +/-1 ℃ into the supernatant after low-temperature centrifugation, completely mixing, and performing secondary centrifugation treatment at 15 +/-1 ℃;
and (4) carrying out vacuum freeze drying on the precipitate after the secondary centrifugation treatment to obtain the alpha-zein.
Wherein, the low-temperature centrifugal treatment and the secondary centrifugal treatment are both carried out for 20-40 min by adopting a centrifugal force of 8000-12000 g. The vacuum freeze-drying conditions are as follows: the precooling time is 4-12 h, the precooling temperature is-40 to-60 ℃, the freeze-drying time is 24-72 h, and the vacuum degree is 10-40 pa.
Advantageous effects
The inventor firstly purifies the commercial zein to obtain the high-purity alpha-zein and explores the solubility of the alpha-zein in different acetic acid aqueous solutions. Zein is not completely soluble in 10% and 20% acetic acid aqueous solutions, whereas in 30% and above acetic acid aqueous solutions, the solubility is good, and as the acetic acid concentration increases, the zein solution becomes clearer and brighter to the naked eye, as shown in fig. 1.
According to the invention, by observing the form of the zein in the acetic acid solution, the form of the zein in the acetic acid solution is different from the form of spherical zein nanoparticles in the ethanol water solution, specifically shown in fig. 2, the zein in the acetic acid water solution can form mutually cross-linked filament-shaped nanofibers through molecular self-assembly, experimental parameters such as zein concentration and acetic acid concentration are changed, and the form and the size of the zein are changed, specifically shown in fig. 3 and 4. The AFM results also confirm that the method provided by the present invention successfully produces zein nanofibers, as shown in fig. 5. Experimental results show that the zein fiber prepared by the hot-melt cold-reaction method in the acetic acid aqueous solution has feasibility and practicability.
According to the dissolution characteristic of zein in an acetic acid aqueous solution, based on the principle of molecular engineering, the zein hydrophilic/hydrophobic characteristic is adjusted by adopting a top-down molecular self-assembly method and changing experimental parameters such as acetic acid concentration, zein concentration, heat treatment time and temperature, ionic strength, stirring rate, dropping sequence and the like, the competition and balance of intramolecular/intermolecular microscopic interaction force are regulated, and a zein fiberization molecular mechanism is disclosed. Meanwhile, a hot melt cold reaction method is constructed by combining the glass transition characteristics of the zein nanofiber. The molecular mechanism of zein fibrosis is analyzed, so that an important technical means can be provided for preparing novel food ingredients with various structures and rich functions. Meanwhile, the zein nanofiber is expected to become a new-generation functional food ingredient to be applied to the food industry, and enriches the varieties of the existing food ingredients. In addition, compared with the electrostatic spinning method, the method has the advantages of low energy consumption, energy conservation, simple process, easy operation and convenient industrial production, and lays a technical foundation for the application of the zein fiber in dough property improvement and bionic meat products.
Detailed Description
The invention is further illustrated by the following examples, which are intended to be purely exemplary of the invention and are not intended to limit its scope, which after reading the present invention, is susceptible of modification in various equivalent forms by those skilled in the art, all falling within the scope of the invention as defined in the appended claims.
In the present invention, zein was purchased from Sigma, CAS No.: 9010-66-6, and all other reagents are food grade.
Example 1
A preparation method of alpha-zein nano fibers comprises the following steps:
a) commercially available zein 5.0 g was weighed on an analytical balance, dissolved in 20 mL of 90% (v/v) aqueous ethanol, vortexed to dissolve completely, and then allowed to stand at 4. + -. 1 ℃ for 12 h.
b) And (c) centrifuging the solution after standing for 12 hours in the step a by adopting a centrifugal force of 10000 g at 4 +/-1 ℃ through a low-temperature refrigerated centrifuge for 20 minutes.
c) And (3) subpackaging the centrifuged supernatant into a centrifugal tube, keeping the temperature of the centrifugal tube at 4 +/-1 ℃, then dropwise adding 15 +/-1 ℃ deionized water into the centrifugal tube, and then carrying out secondary centrifugation for 20min at 15 +/-1 ℃ by adopting 10000 g of centrifugal force.
d) And finally, carrying out vacuum freeze drying on the centrifuged precipitate to obtain the high-purity alpha-zein, wherein the vacuum freeze drying conditions are as follows: the precooling time is 4h, the precooling temperature is-40 ℃, the freeze-drying time is 24h, and the vacuum degree is 10 pa.
e) Dissolving alpha-zein in glacial acetic acid according to the proportion of 0.1 wt%, and heating in water bath at 40 ℃ for 5min to obtain an alpha-zein acetic acid solution.
f) And (2) dripping deionized water at 4 ℃ into an alpha-zein acetic acid solution at 40 ℃ to obtain the alpha-zein acetic acid aqueous solution, wherein the mixing volume ratio of the deionized water to the alpha-zein acetic acid solution is 5: 1.
g) And f, carrying out vacuum freeze drying on the zein acetic acid aqueous solution obtained in the step f, wherein the vacuum freeze drying conditions are as follows: precooling for 4h, wherein the precooling temperature is-40 ℃, the freeze-drying time is 24h, and the vacuum degree is 10pa, so that the alpha-zein nanofiber is obtained.
Scanning electron microscope results show that the fiber is in a filament shape, the diameter of the fiber is 50-300 nm, and the fibers are mutually crosslinked to form a three-dimensional network structure. Compared with the electrostatic spinning method commonly used for preparing the zein fiber, the method has the advantages of low energy consumption, energy conservation, simple process, easy operation and convenient industrial production, not only establishes a new method for preparing the zein nanofiber, but also lays a technical foundation for the application of the zein fiber in dough property improvement and bionic meat products.
Example 2
A preparation method of alpha-zein nano fibers comprises the following steps:
a) commercially available zein (1.0 g) was weighed on an analytical balance, dissolved in 5mL of 90% (v/v) aqueous ethanol, vortexed to dissolve completely, and then allowed to stand at 4. + -. 1 ℃ for 4 h.
b) And (c) centrifuging the solution after standing for 4 hours in the step a for 40 minutes by using a low-temperature refrigerated centrifuge at the temperature of 4 +/-1 ℃ by adopting a centrifugal force of 8000 g.
c) And (3) subpackaging the centrifuged supernatant into a centrifugal tube, keeping the temperature of the centrifugal tube at 4 +/-1 ℃, then dropwise adding 15 +/-1 ℃ deionized water into the centrifugal tube, and then carrying out secondary centrifugation for 40 min at 15 +/-1 ℃ by adopting 8000 g of centrifugal force.
d) And finally, carrying out vacuum freeze drying on the centrifuged precipitate to obtain the high-purity alpha-zein, wherein the vacuum freeze drying conditions are as follows: the precooling time is 12h, the precooling temperature is-60 ℃, the freeze-drying time is 72h, and the vacuum degree is 40 pa.
e) Dissolving alpha-zein in glacial acetic acid according to the proportion of 1.0wt%, and heating in water bath at 80 ℃ for 120 min to obtain an alpha-zein acetic acid solution.
f) And (2) dripping deionized water at 15 ℃ into an alpha-zein acetic acid solution at 80 ℃ to obtain the alpha-zein acetic acid aqueous solution, wherein the mixing volume ratio of the deionized water to the alpha-zein acetic acid solution is 10: 1.
g) And f, carrying out vacuum freeze drying on the zein acetic acid aqueous solution obtained in the step f, wherein the vacuum freeze drying conditions are as follows: and (3) precooling for 12h, wherein the precooling temperature is-60 ℃, the freeze-drying time is 72h, and the vacuum degree is 40pa, so that the alpha-zein nanofiber is obtained.
Scanning electron microscope results show that the fiber is in a filament shape, the diameter of the fiber is 50-300 nm, and the fibers are mutually crosslinked to form a three-dimensional network structure.
Example 3
A preparation method of alpha-zein nano fibers comprises the following steps:
a) commercially available zein (3.0 g) is weighed on an analytical balance, dissolved in 20 mL of 90% (v/v) ethanol aqueous solution, vortexed to dissolve completely, and then placed at 4 + -1 deg.C for 10 h.
b) And (3) centrifuging the solution after standing for 10 hours in the step a for 30 minutes by a low-temperature refrigerated centrifuge at the temperature of 4 +/-1 ℃ by using a centrifugal force of 12000 g.
c) And (3) subpackaging the centrifuged supernatant into a centrifugal tube, keeping the temperature of the centrifugal tube at 4 +/-1 ℃, then dropwise adding 15 +/-1 ℃ deionized water into the centrifugal tube, and then carrying out secondary centrifugation for 30 min at 15 +/-1 ℃ by adopting 12000 g of centrifugal force.
d) And finally, carrying out vacuum freeze drying on the centrifuged precipitate to obtain the high-purity alpha-zein, wherein the vacuum freeze drying conditions are as follows: the precooling time is 10h, the precooling temperature is-50 ℃, the freeze-drying time is 48h, and the vacuum degree is 30 pa.
e) Dissolving alpha-zein in glacial acetic acid according to the proportion of 5.0 wt%, and heating in water bath at 60 ℃ for 80 min to obtain an alpha-zein acetic acid solution.
f) And (2) dripping deionized water at 12 ℃ into an alpha-zein acetic acid solution at 60 ℃ to obtain the alpha-zein acetic acid aqueous solution, wherein the mixing volume ratio of the deionized water to the alpha-zein acetic acid solution is 20: 1.
g) And f, carrying out vacuum freeze drying on the zein acetic acid aqueous solution obtained in the step f, wherein the vacuum freeze drying conditions are as follows: and (3) precooling for 10h, wherein the precooling temperature is-50 ℃, the freeze-drying time is 36h, and the vacuum degree is 30pa, so that the alpha-zein nanofiber is obtained.
Scanning electron microscope results show that the fiber is in a filament shape, the diameter of the fiber is 50-300 nm, and the fibers are mutually crosslinked to form a three-dimensional network structure.
Example 4
A preparation method of zein nanofibers comprises the following steps:
a) dissolving zein in glacial acetic acid according to the proportion of 5.0 wt%, and heating in water bath at 60 deg.C for 80 min to obtain zein acetic acid solution.
b) And (2) dropping deionized water at 10 ℃ into a zein acetic acid solution at 50 ℃, wherein the mixing volume ratio of the deionized water to the zein acetic acid solution is 100:1, so as to obtain the zein acetic acid aqueous solution.
c) Carrying out vacuum freeze-drying on the zein acetic acid aqueous solution, wherein the vacuum freeze-drying conditions are as follows: precooling for 10h, wherein the precooling temperature is-50 ℃, the freeze-drying time is 36h, and the vacuum degree is 30pa, so that the zein nanofiber is obtained.
Scanning electron microscope results show that the fiber is in a filament shape, the diameter of the fiber is 50-300 nm, and the fibers are mutually crosslinked to form a three-dimensional network structure.
Example 5
A preparation method of zein nanofibers comprises the following steps:
a) dissolving zein in glacial acetic acid according to the proportion of 1.0wt%, and heating in 80 deg.C water bath for 5min to obtain zein acetic acid solution.
b) And (2) dripping deionized water at 4 ℃ into a zein acetic acid solution at 80 ℃, wherein the mixing volume ratio of the deionized water to the zein acetic acid solution is 1000:1, so as to obtain the zein acetic acid aqueous solution.
c) Carrying out vacuum freeze-drying on the zein acetic acid aqueous solution, wherein the vacuum freeze-drying conditions are as follows: precooling for 4h, wherein the precooling temperature is-60 ℃, the freeze-drying time is 24h, and the vacuum degree is 40pa, so that the zein nanofiber is obtained.
Scanning electron microscope results show that the fiber is in a filament shape, the diameter of the fiber is 50-300 nm, and the fibers are mutually crosslinked to form a three-dimensional network structure.
Example 6
A preparation method of zein nanofibers comprises the following steps:
a) dissolving zein in glacial acetic acid according to the proportion of 10 wt%, and heating in water bath at 60 deg.C for 80 min to obtain zein acetic acid solution.
b) And (2) dropping deionized water at 15 ℃ into a zein acetic acid solution at 50 ℃, wherein the mixing volume ratio of the deionized water to the zein acetic acid solution is 100:1, so as to obtain the zein acetic acid aqueous solution.
c) Carrying out vacuum freeze-drying on the zein acetic acid aqueous solution, wherein the vacuum freeze-drying conditions are as follows: precooling for 12h, wherein the precooling temperature is-40 ℃, the freeze-drying time is 72h, and the vacuum degree is 10pa, so that the zein nanofiber is obtained.
Scanning electron microscope results show that the fiber is in a filament shape, the diameter of the fiber is 50-300 nm, and the fibers are mutually crosslinked to form a three-dimensional network structure.