CN109802414A - A kind of energy storage configuration method of smooth new energy output-power fluctuation - Google Patents

A kind of energy storage configuration method of smooth new energy output-power fluctuation Download PDF

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CN109802414A
CN109802414A CN201910089482.5A CN201910089482A CN109802414A CN 109802414 A CN109802414 A CN 109802414A CN 201910089482 A CN201910089482 A CN 201910089482A CN 109802414 A CN109802414 A CN 109802414A
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power
energy storage
energy
frequency
maximum
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王世谦
宋晓凯
耿翠英
王文豪
娄北
林烽
张龙
郭建宇
刘洋
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Economic and Technological Research Institute of State Grid Henan Electric Power Co Ltd
State Grid Corp of China SGCC
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Economic and Technological Research Institute of State Grid Henan Electric Power Co Ltd
State Grid Corp of China SGCC
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Abstract

本发明提供一种平滑新能源输出功率波动的储能配置方法，包括如下步骤：S1、对新能源输出功率样本数据进行选取；S2、对样本数据分析及建模；S3、确定滤波的频率范围并选择截止频率；S4、确定储能系统ESS的额定功率；S5、储能额定容量选择和建模。该方法根据频谱分析的结果确定低通滤波的截止频率，使补偿更准确，既能满足波动要求，又使容量尽可能小。

The present invention provides an energy storage configuration method for smoothing output power fluctuations of new energy sources, comprising the following steps: S1, selecting sample data of new energy output power; S2, analyzing and modeling the sample data; S3, determining the frequency range of filtering And select the cut-off frequency; S4, determine the rated power of the energy storage system ESS; S5, select and model the rated capacity of the energy storage system. The method determines the cut-off frequency of low-pass filtering according to the results of spectrum analysis, which makes the compensation more accurate, which can not only meet the fluctuation requirements, but also make the capacity as small as possible.

Description

A kind of energy storage configuration method of smooth new energy output-power fluctuation
Technical field
The present invention relates to distribution network technology fields, and in particular to a kind of energy storage configuration of smooth new energy output-power fluctuation Method.
Background technique
With the development of science and technology, electric system have evolved into for centralization power generation, long distance power transmission it is big Type power grid, due to the energy, environment, economic many-sided elements affect, coal, the petroleum energy fuel of traditional thermal power generation increasingly consume To the greatest extent, the introducing of clean energy resource that need be new guarantees that the gas of discharge is free from environmental pollution, introduces while the energy resource supply both guaranteed Photovoltaic, wind power generation are undoubtedly selection well, and with country's vigorously advocating for clean energy resource, new energy form is just large quantities of Amount access electric system, with the continuous increase expanded with system complexity of electric system scale, the frequency of electric system is special Property also becomes increasingly complex, and becomes abnormal difficult to the control of power system frequency；And the randomness of photovoltaic and wind-power electricity generation itself, Uncertainty brings more and more challenges to the safe and reliable operation of power grid.
It is " wind-solar-storage joint electricity generation system that Chinese patent database, which discloses a patent name on October 3rd, 2012, The patent application of active control method for coordinating ", Patent No.: ZL201210167984.3, this method is by playing wind energy, light The mutual supplement with each other's advantages of energy, energy storage resource efficiently uses energy-storage system to power storage and release, it is renewable to reasonably adjust wind, light etc. The energy realizes that the output power of wind-solar-storage joint electricity generation system is instructed similar to the same trace scheduling of normal power supplies.But this method needs Battery energy storage system is configured, new energy combined generating system is constructed as a schedulable generator unit, high construction cost, Application under extensive new-energy grid-connected mode is subject to certain restrictions.
Shanghai Dian Ji University Master's thesis " the smooth control plan of battery energy storage unit in wind-photovoltaic-storage hybrid grid-connected power generation system Slightly study " it proposes the SOC based on fuzzy control and actively adjusts control strategy, but the Project Realization process of fuzzy control is excessively multiple It is miscellaneous, it controls precision and dynamic quality is poor.
Summary of the invention
In view of this, the present invention provides a kind of energy storage configuration method of smooth new energy output-power fluctuation, according to frequency spectrum The result of analysis determines the cutoff frequency of low-pass filtering, makes to compensate more acurrate, is not only able to satisfy surge requirements, but also make capacity as far as possible It is small.
In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention provides a kind of energy storage configuration side of smooth new energy output-power fluctuation Method includes the following steps:
S1, new energy output power sample data is chosen；
S2, sample data is analyzed and is modeled；
S3, the frequency range for determining filtering simultaneously select cutoff frequency；
S4, the rated power for determining energy-storage system ESS；
S5, energy storage Rated Capacity Choice and modeling.
Further, is adopted for 5min the auspicious period to the power swing of grid-connected power generation system in the step S1, chooses piece Segment length is 12h.
Further, the target of flat volatility is that grid-connected active power of output fluctuation is made to meet certain requirements: in certain time Power swing is less than setting value in section, and power output stability bandwidth is defined as follows: it is assumed that the power stability bandwidth F within the t periodtTable Show have
In formula: PnFor new energy rated power, kW；ΔPtFor maximum power variation amount in the t period, Ptmax、PtminRespectively For maximum and minimum output power, kW in the t period；
Judge whether target power output meets the requirements, needs to guarantee that stability bandwidth is no more than setting value Ftup, it may be assumed that
Ft≤FtupFormula 2
According to fluctuation constraint condition, the maximum and minimum output power in each continuous time period t are sought are as follows:
Ptmax(i)=max [P (i:i+T/Ts)] formula 3
Ptmin(i)=min [P (i:i+T/Ts)] formula 4
In formula: Ptmax、PtminMaximum and minimum output power in respectively every 1 continuous time period t；I=1, 2 ... ..., (N-T/Ts) indicate the every 1 continuous period starting point since the 1st sampled data, wherein T/TsIt is rounded；TsFor The sample data sampling period；N is sampling number；
According to formula 1, the power swing rate in each continuous time period t is calculated, to obtain in the entire data period Maximum power stability bandwidth；
Discrete Fourier transform is carried out to sample data, obtains amplitude-frequency characteristic:
Wherein, k=0,1 ... ..., N-1；
According to amplitude-frequency characteristic, the primary frequency range [ω of power swing is obtainedL,ωH], ωL, ωHRespectively vibration frequency The lower limit value and upper limit value of range.
Further, first-order low-pass wave is used in step s3, is positive with energy storage discharge power, charge power is negative, Variable relation is
In formula: PvIt (s) is the output power of new energy；PlineIt (s) is grid-connected dominant eigenvalues；PEIt (s) is energy storage compensation Power；ωcFor filter cutoff frequency；
S=j ω is substituted into formula 6, obtaining amplitude-frequency characteristic is
The compensation capacity of energy storage is directly related with compensation frequency range, cutoff frequency ωcSmaller, the frequency range of energy storage compensation is just Bigger, whole smooth effect is better, but required stored energy capacitance is also bigger；When determining system cut-off frequency, using examination frequency Method is gradually tried to high frequency since low frequency；If the interconnection tie power fluctuation rate obtained after filtering is far smaller than constraint condition, match The stored energy capacitance set is bigger than normal, can take cutoff frequency to high frequency；If obtained interconnection tie power fluctuation rate is greater than constraint condition, Frequency need to be taken to low frequency；It is ideal cutoff frequency value when stability bandwidth is less than and when close to constraint condition.
Further, it determines that the rated power of energy-storage system ESS considers efficiency for charge-discharge first, considers efficiency for charge-discharge Energy storage power is
In formula: n=1,2 ..., N.PEIt (n) is the practical charge-discharge electric power of energy storage；PEO(n) low-pass filtered to obtain Energy storage refers to charge-discharge electric power；ηdFor discharging efficiency；ηcFor charge efficiency；N is sampled data number；
Secondly consider that discharge and recharge is balanced, the charge-discharge electric power of energy storage to guarantee energy storage can continuous and steady operation, that is, exist It is not in the insufficient or superfluous situation of energy storage in the whole service period；Therefore, in whole cycle, during storage energy operation Should meet fill and (put) only power consumption be 0, according to E=PT energy balance be embodied in the balance of power, energy storage is mended The translation that performance number carries out ordinate is repaid, while interconnection output power also being carried out to the translation of opposite direction, formula is as follows:
P′E[n]=PE[n]-Δ P formula 11
P′line[n]=Pline[n]-Δ P formula 12
In formula: n=1,2 ... ..., N；Δ P is translational movement；P′E[n]、P′line[n] is respectively that the energy storage after translating compensates function Rate and dominant eigenvalues, the interconnection stability bandwidth after learning translation is constant；
In whole cycle, the maximum value of compensation power absolute value needed for energy storage is the maximum charge and discharge that energy storage should have Power, the i.e. rated power of energy storage
PEN=max | P 'E[n] | } formula 13.
Further, capacity is determined calculates firstly the need of discharge and recharge, the charge/discharge electricity amount of energy storage are as follows:
Wherein, n=0,1,2 ... ..., N；Electric quantity unit is kWh；
Rated capacity calculates as follows:
The dump energy variation of energy-storage system can indicate that calculation method is with state-of-charge SOC
In formula: S is real-time state-of-charge；S0For initial state-of-charge；ENFor energy storage rated capacity；E [n] is negative when charging, Dump energy increases, and SOC increases；E [n] is positive when electric discharge, and dump energy reduces, and SOC is reduced；
The initial SOC and energy of energy storage should be able to meet: at the SOC, SOC is not less than lower bound when maximum positive energy fluctuates Value, SOC is not higher than ceiling value when maximum negative energy fluctuates；Acquiring maximum positive energy undulating value according to formula 14 is max { E [n] }, most Big negative energy undulating value is min { E [n] }；
If the minimum and maximum permissible value of energy-storage system state-of-charge is respectively SmaxAnd Smin, it can obtain:
Take the minimum E of the condition of satisfactionN, it can obtain:
It solves:
Further, energy storage original state is determined, acquires initial state-of-charge by the way that two formulas in formula 17 are equal:
The maximum positive energy undulating value and maximum negative energy undulating value that energy storage is acquired by energy storage reference power value, give After the minimax range of SOC, the minimum rated capacity of energy storage is obtained, and acquire energy storage original state；Energy storage is adjusted at this After first state of value, the charge-discharge power demand in whole cycle can be met.
Effective effect of the invention is as follows:
(1) this method determines the cutoff frequency of low-pass filtering according to the result of spectrum analysis, makes to compensate more acurrate, Ji Nengman Sufficient surge requirements, and keep capacity as small as possible.
(2) calculating for compensating power considers the constraint of energy storage charge and discharge electrical loss and charge/discharge electricity amount equilibrium, obtained benefit It is more true and reliable to repay power.
(3) calculating of stored energy capacitance and original state considers the limitation of state-of-charge, makes energy storage will not super-charge super-discharge.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is first-order low-pass wave schematic diagram of the present invention；
Fig. 2 is the photovoltaic power curve figure of certain photovoltaic power plant in the embodiment of the present invention two；
Fig. 3 is the photovoltaic power output spectrogram of certain photovoltaic power plant in the embodiment of the present invention two；
Fig. 4 is the photovoltaic power output spectrogram partial enlarged view of certain photovoltaic power plant in the embodiment of the present invention two.
Fig. 5 is photovoltaic power output, dominant eigenvalues and the energy storage power waveform figure of certain photovoltaic power plant in the embodiment of the present invention two.
Fig. 6 is that the energy storage energy and SOC of certain photovoltaic power plant in the embodiment of the present invention two change waveform diagram.
Specific embodiment
In order to make the object, technical scheme and advantages of the embodiment of the invention clearer, below in conjunction with the embodiment of the present invention Attached drawing 1-6, the technical solution of the embodiment of the present invention is clearly and completely described.Obviously, described embodiment is this A part of the embodiment of invention, instead of all the embodiments.Based on described the embodiment of the present invention, the common skill in this field Art personnel every other embodiment obtained, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Embodiment one,
The energy storage configuration method for present embodiments providing a kind of smooth new energy output-power fluctuation, includes the following steps:
S1, new energy output power sample data is chosen；
S2, sample data is analyzed and is modeled；
S3, the frequency range for determining filtering simultaneously select cutoff frequency；
S4, the rated power for determining energy-storage system ESS；
S5, energy storage Rated Capacity Choice and modeling.
The power output fluctuation of smooth grid-connected power generation system, need be with the typical sample data of new energy output power Basis.For the planning and designing for realizing ESS installation, sample data mainly passes through conception of history measured data or typical season sampled data obtains ?.The parameters such as sampling period, the data slot length of sampled data are by depending on the particular problem studied.
The sample data sampling period determines that when ESS is used for the short-time fluctuations of smooth new energy, the time window of observation is general Dozens of minutes were arrived for several seconds.Such as wind generator system usually considers that the power swing of inhibitionization 0.01-1Hz band limits is (right Answer time scale 1-100s) because the power swing of the frequency range endangers maximum to main power grid.For the power waves for inhibiting the frequency range Dynamic, according to Shannon's sampling theorem, sample frequency should be greater than 2 times that are equal to highest frequency in signal, otherwise aliasing can occur and make Observed result generates deviation, i.e. sample frequency at least takes 2Hz, and the corresponding sampling period is 0.5s.When ESS is long for smooth wind power When power swing, main function is the imbalance power absorbed in micro-capacitance sensor between new energy power output and external load, accordingly Observation time window should just select longer, generally dozens of minutes to a few houres.Original power sample data of the present invention Adopting the auspicious period is 5min.
Sampled data fragment length determines, the length of sample data segment is selected, ESS should be made as far as possible in this section Charge and discharge amount substantial equilibrium (removing the power loss during charge and discharge) in time.It can guarantee energy-storage system in starting in this way It is of substantially equal to carve the electricity stored with finish time.When smooth for new energy power output short-time fluctuations, data slot length Optional 1h；For it is long when smoothing fluctuations when, data slot length is chosen as 1d.
The present invention chooses fragment length 12h and obtains new energy output power number according to the typical history meteorological data of acquisition According to load chooses typical daily load data.Using 100min maximum fluctuation rate as evaluation index, make its control within 2%.
Further, the target of flat volatility is that grid-connected active power of output fluctuation is made to meet certain requirements: in certain time Power swing is less than setting value in section, and power output stability bandwidth is defined as follows: it is assumed that the power stability bandwidth F within the t periodtTable Show have
In formula: PnFor new energy rated power, kW；ΔPtFor maximum power variation amount in the t period, Ptmax、PtminRespectively For maximum and minimum output power, kW in the t period；
Judge whether target power output meets the requirements, needs to guarantee that stability bandwidth is no more than setting value Ftup, it may be assumed that
Ft≤FtupFormula 2
According to fluctuation constraint condition, the maximum and minimum output power in each continuous time period t are sought are as follows:
Ptmax(i)=max [P (i:i+T/Ts)] formula 3
Ptmin(i)=min [P (i:i+T/Ts)] formula 4
In formula: Ptmax、PtminMaximum and minimum output power in respectively every 1 continuous time period t；I=1, 2 ... ..., (N-T/Ts) indicate the every 1 continuous period starting point since the 1st sampled data, wherein T/TsIt is rounded；TsFor The sample data sampling period；N is sampling number；
According to formula 1, the power swing rate in each continuous time period t is calculated, to obtain in the entire data period Maximum power stability bandwidth；
Discrete Fourier transform is carried out to sample data, obtains amplitude-frequency characteristic:
Wherein, k=0,1 ... ..., N-1；
According to amplitude-frequency characteristic, the primary frequency range [ω of power swing is obtainedL,ωH], ωL, ωHRespectively vibration frequency The lower limit value and upper limit value of range.
Further, first-order low-pass wave is used in step s3, is positive with energy storage discharge power, charge power is negative, Variable relation is
In formula: PvIt (s) is the output power of new energy；PlineIt (s) is grid-connected dominant eigenvalues；PEIt (s) is energy storage compensation Power；ωcFor filter cutoff frequency；
S=j ω is substituted into formula 6, obtaining amplitude-frequency characteristic is
By formula 8 it can be seen that the amplitude-frequency function of low-pass first order filter is the function of a monotone decreasing, as ω=0, Amplitude gets maximum value 1；As ω=ωcWhen, amplitude 0.707；With the increase of ω value, the amplitude-frequency response of system is gradually smooth Ground decays to zero.That is, when taking suitable filter cutoff frequency ωc, the width of the wave component of the frequency can be will be above Value gradually decays to zero.
In the vibration frequency range [ω of above-mentioned determinationL,ωH] in, cutoff frequency is selected, it is low to carry out single order to sample power Pass filter.Using above-mentioned formula, the interconnection tie power fluctuation rate of low-pass filtering output is calculated, carries out fluctuation constraint condition school Test, determine and be both able to satisfy surge requirements, stored energy capacitance small as far as possible cutoff frequency again, thus obtain corresponding dominant eigenvalues and Energy storage reference power.
The compensation capacity of energy storage is directly related with compensation frequency range, cutoff frequency ωcSmaller, the frequency range of energy storage compensation is just Bigger, whole smooth effect is better, but required stored energy capacitance is also bigger；When determining system cut-off frequency, using examination frequency Method is gradually tried to high frequency since low frequency；If the interconnection tie power fluctuation rate obtained after filtering is far smaller than constraint condition, match The stored energy capacitance set is bigger than normal, can take cutoff frequency to high frequency；If obtained interconnection tie power fluctuation rate is greater than constraint condition, Frequency need to be taken to low frequency；It is ideal cutoff frequency value when stability bandwidth is less than and when close to constraint condition.
Further, the reference power value compensated needed for the energy storage that low-pass filtering obtains, needs to consider energy storage charge and discharge Energy loss in journey, i.e. efficiency for charge-discharge.In electric discharge, energy storage actual discharge power is that the reference discharge power that need to meet adds Upper discharge loss, value are with reference to discharge power divided by discharging efficiency；In charging, the practical charge power of energy storage need to meet Reference charge power deducts charge loss, and value is reference charge power multiplied by charge efficiency, considers the energy storage of efficiency for charge-discharge Power is
In formula: n=1,2 ..., N.PEIt (n) is the practical charge-discharge electric power of energy storage；PEO(n) low-pass filtered to obtain Energy storage refers to charge-discharge electric power；ηdFor discharging efficiency；ηcFor charge efficiency；N is sampled data number；
Secondly consider that discharge and recharge is balanced, the charge-discharge electric power of energy storage to guarantee energy storage can continuous and steady operation, that is, exist It is not in the insufficient or superfluous situation of energy storage in the whole service period；Therefore, in whole cycle, during storage energy operation Should meet fill and (put) only power consumption be 0, according to E=PT energy balance be embodied in the balance of power, energy storage is mended The translation that performance number carries out ordinate is repaid, while interconnection output power also being carried out to the translation of opposite direction, formula is as follows:
P′E[n]=PE[n]-Δ P formula 11
P′line[n]=Pline[n]-Δ P formula 12
In formula: n=1,2 ... ..., N；Δ P is translational movement；P′E[n]、P′line[n] is respectively that the energy storage after translating compensates function Rate and dominant eigenvalues, the interconnection stability bandwidth after learning translation is constant；
In whole cycle, the maximum value of compensation power absolute value needed for energy storage is the maximum charge and discharge that energy storage should have Power, the i.e. rated power of energy storage
PEN=max | P 'E[n] | } formula 13.
Further, capacity is determined calculates firstly the need of discharge and recharge, the charge/discharge electricity amount of energy storage are as follows:
Wherein, n=0,1,2 ... ..., N；Electric quantity unit is kWh；
Rated capacity calculates as follows:
The dump energy variation of energy-storage system can indicate that calculation method is with state-of-charge SOC
In formula: S is real-time state-of-charge；S0For initial state-of-charge；ENFor energy storage rated capacity；E [n] is negative when charging, Dump energy increases, and SOC increases；E [n] is positive when electric discharge, and dump energy reduces, and SOC is reduced；
The initial SOC and energy of energy storage should be able to meet: at the SOC, (discharge capacity is accumulative most when maximum positive energy fluctuates SOC greatly) is not less than lower limit value, and (the accumulative maximum of charge volume) SOC is not higher than ceiling value when maximum negative energy fluctuates；It is asked according to formula 14 Obtaining maximum positive energy undulating value is max { E [n] }, and maximum negative energy undulating value is min { E [n] }；
If the minimum and maximum permissible value of energy-storage system state-of-charge is respectively SmaxAnd Smin, it can obtain:
Take the minimum E of the condition of satisfactionN, it can obtain:
It solves:
Further, energy storage original state is determined, acquires initial state-of-charge by the way that two formulas in formula 17 are equal:
The maximum positive energy undulating value and maximum negative energy undulating value that energy storage is acquired by energy storage reference power value, give After the minimax range of SOC, the minimum rated capacity of energy storage is obtained, and acquire energy storage original state；Energy storage is adjusted at this After first state of value, the charge-discharge power demand in whole cycle can be met.
Embodiment two
The present embodiment takes the hair on Monday to Sunday in one week using the power data of Henan photovoltaic DC field as smooth object Electric data are averaged as shown in Fig. 2, the sampling period is 5min, peak power output 26.25KW, minimum output power 0KW Power is 9.45KW, and every 100min maximum power stability bandwidth is 3.33%, and efficiency for charge-discharge 0.92, the SOC upper limit takes 0.9, under Limit takes 0.2；Photovoltaic power curve is as shown in Figure 2.
Spectrum analysis is carried out to photovoltaic output power by formula 5 based on discrete Fourier transform, as shown in Figure 3.As can be seen that The frequency of photovoltaic output-power fluctuation ingredient is concentrated mainly near low frequency, and the amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation is larger, the width of high-frequency fluctuation Be worth it is smaller and smaller, more and more slowly.
Fig. 4 is photovoltaic power output spectrogram partial enlarged view, and filter cutoff frequency can be selected in 0.005-0.02Hz, makes electricity Pond energy-storage system is compensated from given frequency f to the ripple components between 0.02Hz, smooth photovoltaic output power curve.Pass through examination frequency Method can find out the corresponding dominant eigenvalues of different cutoff frequencies.
The maximum fluctuation rate that different cutoff frequency filtering export the dominant eigenvalues of every 100min is acquired, as shown in the table.
It is required that after energy storage compensates, every 100min stability bandwidth control is within 2%, as seen from the above table, takes the time constant to be When 150, stability bandwidth is less than and close to constraint condition, and required stored energy capacitance is smaller.Efficiency for charge-discharge and discharge and recharge are passed through in energy storage After equilibrium amendment, obtained real output and interconnection output power waveform such as curve institute in Fig. 5 by energy storage compensation Show.It can determine that energy storage rated power is 10.76KW according to energy storage output power in Fig. 5 and formula 13,18,19, rated capacity is 285.72KW.H, initial SOC are 44.48%.
It is verified using 14,15 pairs of determining energy storage power of formula, capacity and initial SOC, energy storage energy fluctuation and SOC become Change as illustrated in Figures 5 and 6.
As it can be seen that energy variation and the variation tendency of SOC are corresponding, SOC is stronger in morning solar irradiation in limitation range When, energy storage charging, when afternoon, illumination died down, energy storage electric discharge.The above is a preferred embodiment of the present invention, it is noted that For those skilled in the art, without departing from the principles of the present invention, if can also make Dry improvements and modifications, these modifications and embellishments should also be considered as the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims (7)

1.一种平滑新能源输出功率波动的储能配置方法，其特征在于：包括如下步骤：1. a kind of energy storage configuration method of smoothing new energy output power fluctuation is characterized in that: comprise the steps: S1、对新能源输出功率样本数据进行选取；S1. Select new energy output power sample data; S2、对样本数据分析及建模；S2. Analyze and model sample data; S3、确定滤波的频率范围并选择截止频率；S3. Determine the frequency range of the filter and select the cutoff frequency; S4、确定储能系统ESS的额定功率；S4. Determine the rated power of the energy storage system ESS; S5、储能额定容量选择和建模。S5, energy storage rated capacity selection and modeling. 2.如权利要求1所述的平滑新能源输出功率波动的储能配置方法，其特征在于：所述步骤S1中对新能源发电系统的功率波动采祥周期为5min，选取片段长度为12h。2 . The energy storage configuration method for smoothing output power fluctuations of new energy sources as claimed in claim 1 , characterized in that: in the step S1 , the power fluctuation mining period of the new energy power generation system is 5min, and the length of the selected segment is 12h. 3 . 3.如权利要求2所述的平滑新能源输出功率波动的储能配置方法，其特征在于：在所述步骤3中，平滑波动的目标是使并网输出有功功率波动满足一定要求：在某时间段内功率波动小于设定值，功率输出波动率定义如下：假定在t时间段内功率波动率用Ft表示则有3. The energy storage configuration method for smoothing output power fluctuations of new energy sources as claimed in claim 2, characterized in that: in said step 3, the goal of smoothing fluctuations is to make grid-connected output active power fluctuations meet certain requirements: in a certain The power fluctuation in the time period is less than the set value, and the power output fluctuation rate is defined as follows: Assuming that the power fluctuation rate in the t time period is represented by F t , there are 式中:Pn为新能源额定功率，kW；ΔPt为t时间段内最大功率变化量，Ptmax、Ptmin分别为t时间段内最大与最小输出功率，kW；In the formula: P n is the rated power of the new energy, kW; ΔP t is the maximum power change in the t time period, P tmax and P tmin are the maximum and minimum output power in the t time period, kW; 判断目标功率输出是否满足要求，需要保证波动率不超过设定值Ftup，即：To judge whether the target power output meets the requirements, it is necessary to ensure that the fluctuation rate does not exceed the set value F tup , namely: Ft≤Ftup 式2F t ≤F tup Formula 2 根据波动约束条件，求每一个连续时间段t内的最大与最小输出功率为:According to the fluctuation constraints, the maximum and minimum output power in each continuous time period t are: Ptmax(i)＝max[P(i:i+T/Ts)] 式3P tmax (i)=max[P(i:i+T/T s )] Equation 3 Ptmin(i)＝min[P(i:i+T/Ts)] 式4P tmin (i)=min[P(i:i+T/T s )] Equation 4 式中：Ptmax、Ptmin分别为每1个连续时间段t内的最大与最小输出功率；i＝1，2，……，(N-T/Ts)表示从第1个采样数据开始每1个连续的时间段起点，其中T/Ts取整；Ts为样本数据采样周期；N为采样点数；In the formula: P tmax and P tmin are the maximum and minimum output power in each continuous time period t, respectively; i=1, 2, ..., (NT/T s ) means that every 1 from the first sampled data The starting point of a continuous time period, in which T/T s is rounded; T s is the sampling period of sample data; N is the number of sampling points; 根据式1，计算每一个连续时间段t内的功率波动率，从而得到整个数据周期内的最大功率波动率；According to formula 1, calculate the power fluctuation rate in each continuous time period t, so as to obtain the maximum power fluctuation rate in the entire data period; 对样本数据进行离散傅里叶变换，得到幅频特性：Discrete Fourier transform is performed on the sample data to obtain the amplitude-frequency characteristics: 其中，k＝0,1,……,N-1；Among them, k=0,1,...,N-1; 根据幅频特性，得到功率波动的主要频率范围[ωL,ωH]，ωL，ωH分别为波动频率范围的下限值和上限值。According to the amplitude-frequency characteristic, the main frequency range of power fluctuation [ω L , ω H ] is obtained, where ω L and ω H are the lower limit and upper limit of the fluctuation frequency range, respectively. 4.如权利要求3所述的平滑新能源输出功率波动的储能配置方法，其特征在于：在步骤S3中采用一阶低通滤波，以储能放电功率为正，充电功率为负，变量关系为4. The energy storage configuration method for smoothing output power fluctuations of new energy sources as claimed in claim 3, characterized in that: in step S3, first-order low-pass filtering is adopted, and the energy storage discharge power is positive, the charging power is negative, and the variable relationship is 式中：Pv(s)为新能源的输出功率；Pline(s)为并网联络线功率；PE(s)为储能补偿的功率；ωc为滤波器截止频率；In the formula: P v (s) is the output power of the new energy; P line (s) is the power of the grid-connected tie line; P E (s) is the power of energy storage compensation; ω c is the filter cut-off frequency; 将s＝jω代入式6，得幅频特性为Substituting s=jω into Equation 6, the amplitude-frequency characteristic is 储能的补偿容量与补偿频段直接相关，截止频率ωc越小，储能补偿的频率范围就越大，整体的平滑效果越好，但是所需储能容量也越大；在确定系统截止频率时，采用试频法，从低频开始逐渐向高频试；若滤波后得到的联络线功率波动率远远小于约束条件，则配置的储能容量偏大，可将截止频率向高频取；若得到的联络线功率波动率大于约束条件，则需将频率向低频取；当波动率小于并接近约束条件时，为理想的截止频率值。The compensation capacity of energy storage is directly related to the compensation frequency band. The smaller the cut-off frequency ω c , the larger the frequency range of energy storage compensation, and the better the overall smoothing effect, but the larger the required energy storage capacity; when determining the cut-off frequency of the system If the power fluctuation rate of the tie line obtained after filtering is far less than the constraint condition, the configured energy storage capacity is too large, and the cut-off frequency can be taken to the high frequency; If the obtained tie line power fluctuation rate is greater than the constraint condition, the frequency needs to be taken to the low frequency; when the fluctuation rate is smaller than and close to the constraint condition, it is an ideal cut-off frequency value. 5.如权利要求4所述的平滑新能源输出功率波动的储能配置方法，其特征在于：确定储能系统ESS的额定功率首先考虑充放电效率，考虑充放电效率的储能功率为5. The energy storage configuration method for smoothing fluctuations in the output power of new energy sources as claimed in claim 4, characterized in that: determining the rated power of the energy storage system ESS first considers the charging and discharging efficiency, and the energy storage power considering the charging and discharging efficiency is: 式中：n＝1,2,……,N，PE(n)为储能实际充放电功率；PEO(n)为经低通滤波得到的储能参考充放电功率；ηd为放电效率；ηc为充电效率；N为采样数据个数；In the formula: n=1,2,...,N, P E (n) is the actual charge and discharge power of the energy storage; P EO (n) is the reference charge and discharge power of the energy storage obtained by low-pass filtering; η d is the discharge power Efficiency; η c is the charging efficiency; N is the number of sampled data; 其次考虑充放电量均衡，储能的充放电功率要保证储能能够连续稳定运行，即在整个运行周期内，不会出现储能不足或过剩的情况；因此，在整个周期内，储能运行过程中应满足净充放电电量为0，根据E＝PT可知能量的平衡即体现在功率的平衡上，将储能补偿功率值进行纵坐标的平移，同时将联络线输出功率也进行相反方向的平移，公式如下：Secondly, considering the balance of charge and discharge, the charge and discharge power of the energy storage must ensure that the energy storage can operate continuously and stably, that is, there will be no shortage or excess of energy storage during the entire operation cycle; therefore, during the entire cycle, the energy storage operation In the process, the net charge and discharge capacity should be 0. According to E=PT, it can be seen that the balance of energy is reflected in the balance of power. The value of the energy storage compensation power is shifted in the ordinate, and the output power of the tie line is also shifted in the opposite direction. Translation, the formula is as follows: P′E[n]＝PE[n]-ΔP 式11P′ E [n]= PE [n]-ΔP Equation 11 P′line[n]＝Pline[n]-ΔP 式12P' line [n]=P line [n]-ΔP Equation 12 式中：n＝1，2，……，N；ΔP为平移量；P′E[n]、P′line[n]分别为平移后的储能补偿功率和联络线功率，得知平移后的联络线波动率是不变的；In the formula: n=1, 2, ..., N; ΔP is the amount of translation; P' E [n] and P' line [n] are the energy storage compensation power and the tie line power after translation, respectively. The tie-line volatility of is constant; 在整个周期内，储能所需补偿功率绝对值的最大值即为储能应具备的最大充放电功率，即储能的额定功率In the whole cycle, the maximum value of the absolute value of the compensation power required by the energy storage is the maximum charging and discharging power that the energy storage should have, that is, the rated power of the energy storage. PEN＝max{|P′E[n]|} 式13。P EN =max{|P′ E [n]|} Equation 13. 6.如权利要求5所述的平滑新能源输出功率波动的储能配置方法，其特征在于：容量确定首先需要充放电量计算，储能的充放电电量为：6. The energy storage configuration method for smoothing output power fluctuations of new energy sources as claimed in claim 5, characterized in that: capacity determination first requires charging and discharging capacity calculation, and the charging and discharging capacity of energy storage is: 其中，n＝0，1，2，……，N；电量单位为kW·h；Among them, n=0, 1, 2, ..., N; the unit of electricity is kW h; 额定容量计算如下：The rated capacity is calculated as follows: 储能系统的剩余能量变化可用荷电状态SOC来表示，计算方法为The residual energy change of the energy storage system can be represented by the state of charge SOC, and the calculation method is as follows 式中：S为实时荷电状态；S0为初始荷电状态；EN为储能额定容量；充电时E[n]为负，剩余能量增加，SOC增大；放电时E[n]为正，剩余能量减小，SOC降低；In the formula: S is the real-time state of charge; S 0 is the initial state of charge; E N is the rated capacity of the energy storage; E[n] is negative during charging, the remaining energy increases, and SOC increases; E[n] during discharging is Positive, the remaining energy decreases, and the SOC decreases; 储能的初始SOC和能量应能满足：在该SOC下，最大正能量波动时SOC不低于低限值，最大负能量波动时SOC不高于高限值；根据式14求得最大正能量波动值为max{E[n]}，最大负能量波动值为min{E[n]}；The initial SOC and energy of the energy storage should be able to satisfy: under this SOC, the SOC should not be lower than the low limit when the maximum positive energy fluctuations, and the SOC should not be higher than the high limit when the maximum negative energy fluctuations; The fluctuation value is max{E[n]}, and the maximum negative energy fluctuation value is min{E[n]}; 设储能系统荷电状态最大和最小允许值分别为Smax和Smin，可得：Assuming that the maximum and minimum allowable values of the state of charge of the energy storage system are S max and S min respectively, we can obtain: 取满足条件的最小EN，可得：Taking the smallest EN that satisfies the condition, we can get: 解得：Solutions have to: 7.如权利要求6所述的平滑新能源输出功率波动的储能配置方法，其特征在于：对储能初始状态确定，通过式17中两式相等求得初始荷电状态：7. The energy storage configuration method for smoothing output power fluctuations of new energy sources as claimed in claim 6, wherein the initial state of energy storage is determined, and the initial state of charge is obtained by being equal to the two equations in formula 17: 通过储能参考功率值求得储能的最大正能量波动值和最大负能量波动值，给定SOC的最大最小范围后，得到储能的最小额定容量，并求得储能初始状态；将储能调整在该初值状态后，即可满足整个周期内的充放电需求。The maximum positive energy fluctuation value and the maximum negative energy fluctuation value of the energy storage are obtained through the reference power value of the energy storage. After the maximum and minimum ranges of the SOC are given, the minimum rated capacity of the energy storage is obtained, and the initial state of the energy storage is obtained; After it can be adjusted to the initial value state, the charging and discharging requirements in the whole cycle can be satisfied.
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