CN110000003A - A kind of spray nozzle type anion emission rifle based on hollow pin electrode - Google Patents
A kind of spray nozzle type anion emission rifle based on hollow pin electrode Download PDFInfo
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- B03C3/00—Separating dispersed particles from gases or vapour, e.g. air, by electrostatic effect
- B03C3/01—Pretreatment of the gases prior to electrostatic precipitation
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- B03C3/00—Separating dispersed particles from gases or vapour, e.g. air, by electrostatic effect
- B03C3/017—Combinations of electrostatic separation with other processes, not otherwise provided for
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- B03C3/00—Separating dispersed particles from gases or vapour, e.g. air, by electrostatic effect
- B03C3/34—Constructional details or accessories or operation thereof
- B03C3/36—Controlling flow of gases or vapour
- B03C3/361—Controlling flow of gases or vapour by static mechanical means, e.g. deflector
- B03C3/366—Controlling flow of gases or vapour by static mechanical means, e.g. deflector located in the filter, e.g. special shape of the electrodes
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- B03C3/00—Separating dispersed particles from gases or vapour, e.g. air, by electrostatic effect
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- B03C3/66—Applications of electricity supply techniques
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- H01T—SPARK GAPS; OVERVOLTAGE ARRESTERS USING SPARK GAPS; SPARKING PLUGS; CORONA DEVICES; GENERATING IONS TO BE INTRODUCED INTO NON-ENCLOSED GASES
- H01T19/00—Devices providing for corona discharge
- H01T19/04—Devices providing for corona discharge having pointed electrodes
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01T—SPARK GAPS; OVERVOLTAGE ARRESTERS USING SPARK GAPS; SPARKING PLUGS; CORONA DEVICES; GENERATING IONS TO BE INTRODUCED INTO NON-ENCLOSED GASES
- H01T23/00—Apparatus for generating ions to be introduced into non-enclosed gases, e.g. into the atmosphere
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
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- B03C2201/06—Ionising electrode being a needle
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Abstract
一种基于空心针电极的喷头式负离子发射枪，属于环境保护、化工生产和机械加工等行业领域，包括静电放电组件和布气组件。静电放电组件中的布气腔均匀分布布气孔，空心针电极安装在布气孔上；中空金属管左端与布气腔连通，右端通过绝缘子同轴固定在绝缘腔体内部，金属管右侧为气体入口，用于通入清洁空气。布气组件中的绝缘喷头为槽状结构，布气腔设于喷头内；喷头两侧设通孔，右侧与绝缘腔体连通，左侧粘接绝缘环板，绝缘环板内口连接导流管。金属环状低压电极安装在喷头内壁上，金属网状低压电极放置于导流管。本发明结构简单，尺寸小，负离子产生效率高，电极腐蚀小；直接对准需要被处理的气体，显著提高粉尘、颗粒物或液滴的收集效率。
The utility model relates to a nozzle-type negative ion emitting gun based on a hollow needle electrode, which belongs to the fields of environmental protection, chemical production and mechanical processing, and includes electrostatic discharge components and gas distribution components. The air distribution cavity in the electrostatic discharge assembly is evenly distributed with air distribution holes, and the hollow needle electrode is installed on the air distribution hole; the left end of the hollow metal tube is connected to the air distribution cavity, and the right end is coaxially fixed inside the insulating cavity through an insulator, and the right side of the metal tube is filled with gas Inlet for clean air. The insulating nozzle in the air distribution assembly is a groove-shaped structure, and the air distribution cavity is set in the nozzle; through holes are provided on both sides of the nozzle, the right side is connected with the insulating cavity, the left side is bonded to the insulating ring plate, and the inner port of the insulating ring plate is connected to the guide. flow tube. The metal ring low-voltage electrode is installed on the inner wall of the nozzle, and the metal mesh low-voltage electrode is placed on the guide tube. The invention has the advantages of simple structure, small size, high negative ion generation efficiency and low electrode corrosion; it is directly aimed at the gas to be treated, and the collection efficiency of dust, particles or droplets is significantly improved.
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明涉及一种基于空心针电极的喷头式负离子发射枪，将产生的负离子注入到含有粉体、颗粒或液滴的气体中，通过粉体、颗粒或液滴带电诱发静电凝并效应，提高粉尘、颗粒或液滴的捕集效率，属于环境保护、化工生产和机械加工等行业领域。The invention relates to a nozzle-type negative ion emitting gun based on a hollow needle electrode, which injects the generated negative ions into a gas containing powders, particles or droplets, and induces electrostatic condensation effect by charging the powders, particles or droplets, and improves the The collection efficiency of dust, particles or droplets belongs to industries such as environmental protection, chemical production and mechanical processing.
背景技术Background technique
燃煤锅炉排烟、工业窑炉排烟、柴油机排烟等工业烟气中含有大量的粉尘，喷漆、涂装、焊接等行业排放的废气中含有粉尘、有机气溶胶和颗粒物，以及化工和电力行业冷却塔排放的水汽，严重的污染了人民赖以生存的大气环境，同时也造成大量的原料浪费，必须对这些排气加以治理，研发粉尘、颗粒物和液滴收集技术。Industrial flue gas such as coal-fired boiler exhaust, industrial kiln exhaust, and diesel engine exhaust contains a large amount of dust. The exhaust gas from painting, coating, welding and other industries contains dust, organic aerosols and particulate matter, as well as chemical and electric power. The water vapor emitted by industrial cooling towers seriously pollutes the atmospheric environment that people rely on, and also causes a lot of waste of raw materials. It is necessary to control these exhaust gases and develop dust, particulate matter and droplet collection technology.
静电收集技术研发与应用有100多年的历史，其原理是用静电放电产生负离子，需要处理的气体通过静电放电区域时，负离子与气体中的粉尘、颗粒物或液滴通过碰撞或静电力等吸附在粉尘、颗粒物或液滴表面上，使粉尘、颗粒物或液滴带电(荷电)，然后带电的粉尘、颗粒物或液滴在电场力作用下沉积在收集极(例如板或筒)上，最后通过机械力、重力或液体冲洗等方式将粉尘、颗粒物或液滴收集下来，实现排气净化、原材料回收再利用。同时，带电的粉尘、颗粒物或液滴与不带电的粉尘、颗粒物或液滴之间，会产生静电吸引，从而使粉尘、颗粒物或液滴粒径增大，一是进一步增加带电效果，二是使重力效应增加，进而达到增加粉尘、颗粒物或液滴收集效果，尤其是对粒径小的粉尘、颗粒物或液滴的收集效果。The research and development and application of electrostatic collection technology has a history of more than 100 years. The principle is to use electrostatic discharge to generate negative ions. When the gas to be treated passes through the electrostatic discharge area, the negative ions and the dust, particles or droplets in the gas are adsorbed by collision or electrostatic force. On the surface of dust, particles or droplets, the dust, particles or droplets are charged (charged), and then the charged dust, particles or droplets are deposited on a collector electrode (such as a plate or cylinder) under the action of an electric field force, and finally pass through The dust, particles or droplets are collected by mechanical force, gravity or liquid flushing to realize exhaust purification and raw material recycling. At the same time, there will be electrostatic attraction between the charged dust, particles or droplets and the uncharged dust, particles or droplets, so that the particle size of the dust, particles or droplets will increase. One is to further increase the charging effect, and the other is to Increase the gravity effect, thereby increasing the collection effect of dust, particles or droplets, especially the collection effect of dust, particles or droplets with small particle size.
在目前研究应用的静电收集技术中，是被处理气体整体通过静电放电区域，使粉尘、颗粒物或液滴带上电荷，这样被处理气体自身性质(如温度、湿度、气体中物质的浓度等)将影响静电放电状态，以及被处理气体中腐蚀性物质会腐蚀电极，进而影响静电放电产生负离子数目，从而导致粉尘、颗粒物或液滴带上电荷数目少或不足，最终影响静电收集效率。再者，如果被处理气体流量很大，为了保证获得高的收集效率，就必须将静电收集器体积做的很大，由此导致静电收集器设备成本高，需要足够的占地面积，对有些生产过程不适合，如原料回收生产过程等。In the current research and application of electrostatic collection technology, the gas to be processed passes through the electrostatic discharge area as a whole, so that dust, particles or droplets are charged, so that the properties of the gas to be processed (such as temperature, humidity, concentration of substances in the gas, etc.) It will affect the state of electrostatic discharge, and the corrosive substances in the gas to be processed will corrode the electrodes, thereby affecting the number of negative ions generated by electrostatic discharge, resulting in a small or insufficient number of charges on dust, particles or droplets, and ultimately affecting the efficiency of electrostatic collection. Furthermore, if the flow rate of the gas to be treated is large, in order to ensure high collection efficiency, the electrostatic collector must be made large, which leads to high cost of electrostatic collector equipment and requires sufficient floor space. The production process is not suitable, such as the raw material recovery production process, etc.
发明内容SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
本发明针对被处理含粉尘、颗粒物或液滴气体全部通过静电收集器，导致静电收集器体积大、气体成分影响静电放电产生负离子数量和静电放电电极腐蚀等问题，提出一种基于空心针电极的喷头式负离子发射枪，是利用阵列式多空心针电极系统产生静电放电，洁净的空气进入静电放电区域，空气中气体分子被电离形成负离子后从发射枪的出口排出后进入被处理的被处理含粉尘、颗粒物或液滴气体中，使粉尘、颗粒物或液滴带电、凝并、粒径变大，增加了粉尘、颗粒物或液滴收集过程中重力、自沉降或荷电的效果，提高了粉尘、颗粒物或液滴收集效率。Aiming at the problems that the gas containing dust, particles or droplets to be processed all pass through the electrostatic collector, resulting in a large volume of the electrostatic collector, the gas composition affects the number of negative ions generated by electrostatic discharge, and the corrosion of the electrostatic discharge electrode, a hollow needle electrode-based method is proposed. Nozzle-type negative ion firing gun uses an array-type multi-hollow needle electrode system to generate electrostatic discharge, clean air enters the electrostatic discharge area, gas molecules in the air are ionized to form negative ions, and then discharged from the outlet of the firing gun, and then enter the processed material. In the dust, particulate matter or droplet gas, the dust, particulate matter or droplet is charged, condensed, and the particle size becomes larger, which increases the effect of gravity, self-settling or charging during the collection process of dust, particulate matter or droplet, and improves the dust. , particle or droplet collection efficiency.
为了达到上述目的，本发明采用的技术方案为：In order to achieve the above object, the technical scheme adopted in the present invention is:
一种基于空心针电极的喷头式负离子发射枪，包括静电放电组件和布气组件。A nozzle-type negative ion emitting gun based on a hollow needle electrode includes an electrostatic discharge assembly and an air distribution assembly.
所述的静电放电组件包括阵列式的空心针电极1、金属管2、布气腔6、绝缘子11。所述的布气腔6上均匀分布布气孔7，空心针电极1安装在布气孔7上；所述的金属管2为中空结构，其左端与布气腔6连通，右端通过绝缘子11同轴固定在绝缘腔体9内部，金属管右侧为气体入口4，用于通入清洁空气。The electrostatic discharge assembly includes an array of hollow needle electrodes 1 , a metal tube 2 , an air distribution chamber 6 , and an insulator 11 . The air distribution holes 7 are evenly distributed on the air distribution cavity 6, and the hollow needle electrode 1 is installed on the air distribution holes 7; the metal tube 2 is a hollow structure, the left end of which is communicated with the air distribution cavity 6, and the right end is coaxial through the insulator 11. It is fixed inside the insulating cavity 9, and the right side of the metal tube is the gas inlet 4, which is used to introduce clean air.
所述的布气组件包括绝缘腔体9、喷头12、金属环状低压电极8或金属网状低压电极10，中空金属管2内部为气体导流腔3。所述绝缘腔体9是由绝缘材料制成的筒状结构，喷头12是由绝缘材料制成的槽状结构，布气腔6设于槽状结构内部；所述喷头12两侧均开设通孔，右侧开孔处与绝缘腔体9连通，左侧开孔处粘接一个绝缘环板，在绝缘环板内口连接一段导流管13。所述金属环状低压电极8安装在喷头12左侧开口处内壁上。所述金属网状低压电极10放置于导流管13上。The gas distribution assembly includes an insulating cavity 9 , a shower head 12 , a metal ring low-voltage electrode 8 or a metal mesh low-voltage electrode 10 , and a gas guiding cavity 3 is located inside the hollow metal tube 2 . The insulating cavity 9 is a cylindrical structure made of insulating material, the nozzle 12 is a groove-like structure made of insulating material, and the air distribution chamber 6 is arranged inside the groove-like structure; both sides of the nozzle 12 are open. The opening on the right side is connected to the insulating cavity 9, the opening on the left side is bonded with an insulating ring plate, and a section of a guide tube 13 is connected to the inner opening of the insulating ring plate. The metal annular low-voltage electrode 8 is installed on the inner wall of the opening on the left side of the showerhead 12 . The metal mesh low-voltage electrode 10 is placed on the guide tube 13 .
另外，所述的布气组件可以仅包括绝缘腔体9和喷头12，此时，阵列式的空心针电极系统是孤立的多针电极系统。In addition, the air distribution assembly may only include the insulating cavity 9 and the spray head 12. In this case, the array-type hollow needle electrode system is an isolated multi-needle electrode system.
所述的金属管2与高压电源的输出端连接，金属环状低压电极8与高压电源的低压端连接后再与地电极连接，采用负直流高压电源给阵列式的多针空心电极1供电，调整电源输出电压使空心针电极1周围产生静电放电。The metal tube 2 is connected to the output end of the high-voltage power supply, the metal ring-shaped low-voltage electrode 8 is connected to the low-voltage end of the high-voltage power supply and then connected to the ground electrode, and a negative DC high-voltage power supply is used to supply power to the arrayed multi-needle hollow electrodes 1, Adjust the output voltage of the power supply to generate electrostatic discharge around the hollow needle electrode 1 .
洁净空气从气体入口4导入气体导流腔3，再从布气腔6上均匀分布的空心针电极1导入静电放电区域，喷头12结构使通过布气腔6周围气隙的空气形成涡流驱使空气进入静电放电区域，产生含负离子气体，经导流管13导出。空气中气体分子被电离形成负离子后从发射枪的出口排除后进入被处理含粉尘、颗粒物或液滴气体中，使粉尘、颗粒物或液滴带电、凝并、粒径变大，增加了粉尘、颗粒物或液滴收集过程中重力、自沉降或荷电的效果，提高了粉尘、颗粒物或液滴收集效率。The clean air is introduced into the gas guide chamber 3 from the gas inlet 4, and then from the hollow needle electrodes 1 evenly distributed on the air distribution chamber 6 into the electrostatic discharge area. Entering the electrostatic discharge area, a gas containing negative ions is generated, which is led out through the guide tube 13 . After the gas molecules in the air are ionized to form negative ions, they are discharged from the outlet of the launch gun and then enter the gas containing dust, particles or droplets to be processed, so that the dust, particles or droplets are charged, condensed, and the particle size becomes larger, which increases the dust, The effects of gravity, self-settling, or charging during particle or droplet collection improve dust, particle or droplet collection efficiency.
进一步的，所述的阵列式的空心针电极系统是孤立的多针电极系统，或者是多针-金属环电极系统，或者多针-金属网电极系统，多空心针电极是静电放电的发生极，与其相对应的无穷远或者金属环电极或者金属网电极是低压电极。Further, the arrayed hollow needle electrode system is an isolated multi-needle electrode system, or a multi-needle-metal ring electrode system, or a multi-needle-metal mesh electrode system, and the multi-hollow needle electrode is an electrostatic discharge generating electrode. , and its corresponding infinite distance or metal ring electrode or metal mesh electrode is a low voltage electrode.
进一步的，所述空心针电极1安装在布气腔6上，相邻空心针-空心针电极间距为10mm-100mm，空心针的长度5mm-100mm，空心针的内径1-5mm、外径2-10mm。Further, the hollow needle electrode 1 is installed on the air distribution chamber 6, the adjacent hollow needle-hollow needle electrode spacing is 10mm-100mm, the length of the hollow needle is 5mm-100mm, the inner diameter of the hollow needle is 1-5mm, and the outer diameter is 2 mm. -10mm.
一种基于空心针电极的喷头式负离子发射枪的应用，具体为：用于处理含粉尘、颗粒物或液滴的待处理气体时，将所述喷头式负离子发射枪14安装在设备17上，设备17内部流经被处理气体。调整清洁空气流量使喷头式负离子发射枪产生的含负离子气体在发射枪出口15的压强大于被处理气体进入设备17内的压强，或者调整负离子发射枪气体流动方向16，确保被处理气体不进入喷头式负离子发射枪14内部。An application of a nozzle-type negative ion emitting gun based on a hollow needle electrode, specifically: when it is used to process the gas to be treated containing dust, particles or droplets, the nozzle-type negative ion emitting gun 14 is installed on the equipment 17, and the equipment The inside of 17 flows through the gas to be processed. Adjust the clean air flow so that the pressure of the negative ion-containing gas produced by the nozzle-type negative ion firing gun at the firing gun outlet 15 is greater than the pressure of the gas to be processed entering the equipment 17, or adjust the gas flow direction 16 of the negative ion firing gun to ensure that the gas to be processed does not enter the nozzle. inside the negative ion gun 14.
进一步的，所述设备17包括管路通道、处理塔等。Further, the equipment 17 includes pipeline channels, processing towers, and the like.
与现有技术相比，本发明的有益效果为：本发明提供的喷头式负离子发射枪直接对准需要被处理的气体，使气体中粉尘、颗粒物或液滴带电，产生粉尘、颗粒物或液滴发生凝并、尺寸变大的效果，提高粉尘、颗粒物或液滴的收集效率，优点是结构简单，尺寸小，负离子产生效率高，电极腐蚀小。Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are: the nozzle-type negative ion emitting gun provided by the present invention is directly aimed at the gas to be treated, so that the dust, particles or droplets in the gas are charged, and dust, particles or droplets are generated. Condensation occurs and the size becomes larger, which improves the collection efficiency of dust, particles or droplets. The advantages are simple structure, small size, high negative ion generation efficiency, and low electrode corrosion.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1为一种基于空心针电极的喷头式负离子发射枪结构示意图(阵列式的空心针电极系统是多针-金属环电极系统)；Fig. 1 is a kind of structure schematic diagram of a nozzle-type negative ion emitting gun based on hollow needle electrode (the hollow needle electrode system of array type is a multi-needle-metal ring electrode system);
图2为一种基于空心针电极的喷头式负离子发射枪结构示意图(阵列式的空心针电极系统是多针-金属网电极系统)；2 is a schematic structural diagram of a nozzle-type negative ion emitting gun based on a hollow needle electrode (the hollow needle electrode system of the array type is a multi-needle-metal mesh electrode system);
图3为喷头式负离子发射枪与被处理气体装置配置示意图；3 is a schematic diagram of the configuration of a nozzle-type negative ion emitting gun and a gas device to be processed;
图中：1空心针电极；2金属管；3气体导流腔；4气体入口；5气体出口；6布气腔；7布气孔；8金属环状低压电极；9绝缘腔体；10金属网状低压电极；11绝缘子；12喷头；13导流管；14喷头式负离子发射枪；15喷头式负离子发射枪出口；16喷头式负离子发射枪气体流动方向；17设备；18被处理气体流动方向。In the picture: 1 hollow needle electrode; 2 metal tube; 3 gas guide cavity; 4 gas inlet; 5 gas outlet; 6 gas distribution cavity; 7 air distribution hole; 8 metal ring low voltage electrode; 11 insulators; 12 nozzles; 13 guide tubes; 14 nozzle type negative ion launch guns; 15 nozzle type negative ion launch gun outlets; 16 nozzle type negative ion launch gun gas flow direction; 17 equipment; 18 processed gas flow direction.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
下文参照附图说明本发明的一个实施例。An embodiment of the present invention will be described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
图1、图2为一种基于空心针电极的喷头式负离子发射枪结构示意图。1 and 2 are a schematic structural diagram of a nozzle-type negative ion emitting gun based on a hollow needle electrode.
喷头式负离子发射枪14是由静电放电组件和布气组件构成。The spray-head type negative ion emitting gun 14 is composed of electrostatic discharge components and air distribution components.
所述静电放电组件是由空心针电极1、金属管2和绝缘子11组成。布气腔6上均匀分布布气孔7，空心针电极1安装在布气孔7上；金属管2左端与布气腔6连通，右端通过绝缘子11同轴固定在绝缘腔体9内部。其中，空心针电极长度10mm、内径2mm、外径4mm、相邻针间距15mm，分布在布气腔6左侧区域80mm范围内，布气腔6直径100mm、腔体厚度10mm、布气孔7直径3mm，金属管2由外径20mm、厚度1mm、长200mm的不锈钢管制成，绝缘子11内径15mm、外径25mm。The electrostatic discharge assembly is composed of a hollow needle electrode 1 , a metal tube 2 and an insulator 11 . The air distribution cavity 6 is evenly distributed with air distribution holes 7 , and the hollow needle electrode 1 is installed on the air distribution hole 7 ; Among them, the hollow needle electrodes have a length of 10mm, an inner diameter of 2mm, an outer diameter of 4mm, and a spacing between adjacent needles of 15mm. They are distributed within the range of 80mm on the left side of the air distribution chamber 6. The diameter of the air distribution chamber 6 is 100mm, the thickness of the cavity is 10mm, and the diameter of the air distribution hole 7 is 100mm. 3mm, the metal tube 2 is made of stainless steel tube with an outer diameter of 20mm, a thickness of 1mm, and a length of 200mm, and the insulator 11 has an inner diameter of 15mm and an outer diameter of 25mm.
所述布气组件包括气体导流腔3、布气腔6、绝缘腔体9、金属环状低压电极8和喷头12。所述中空金属管2内部为气体导流腔3，喷头12是由直径150mm、厚度50mm制成一个槽状结构，槽底部开成直径45mm的孔用于连接气体绝缘腔体9，槽内径130mm、厚度10mm，槽开口处粘接一个内径100mm、外径150mm、厚度5mm聚乙烯环板；并在槽上端口处安放一个外径130mm、线径5mm的铜环，作为金属环状低压电极8；绝缘腔体9的另一端用聚乙烯板同轴密封安装绝缘子11。The gas distribution assembly includes a gas guide cavity 3 , an air distribution cavity 6 , an insulating cavity 9 , a metal ring low-voltage electrode 8 and a shower head 12 . The hollow metal tube 2 has a gas guiding cavity 3 inside. The nozzle 12 is made of a trough-shaped structure with a diameter of 150mm and a thickness of 50mm. A hole with a diameter of 45mm is opened at the bottom of the trough for connecting the gas insulation cavity 9. The inner diameter of the trough is 130mm. , a thickness of 10mm, and a polyethylene ring plate with an inner diameter of 100mm, an outer diameter of 150mm and a thickness of 5mm is bonded to the opening of the groove; ; The other end of the insulating cavity 9 is coaxially sealed with a polyethylene plate to install the insulator 11 .
将制作好的喷头式负离子发射枪14中金属管2与高压电源的输出端连接，金属环状低压电极8与高压电源的低压端连接后再与地电极连接。Connect the metal tube 2 in the fabricated showerhead type negative ion emitting gun 14 to the output end of the high-voltage power supply, and the metal ring-shaped low-voltage electrode 8 is connected to the low-voltage end of the high-voltage power supply and then connected to the ground electrode.
以上所述实施例仅表达本发明的实施方式，但并不能因此而理解为对本发明专利的范围的限制，应当指出，对于本领域的技术人员来说，在不脱离本发明构思的前提下，还可以做出若干变形和改进，这些均属于本发明的保护范围。The above-mentioned embodiments only represent the embodiments of the present invention, but should not be construed as a limitation on the scope of the present invention. It should be pointed out that for those skilled in the art, without departing from the concept of the present invention, Several modifications and improvements can also be made, which all belong to the protection scope of the present invention.
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