CN110012771A - A kind of method of Camellia nitidissima early high yield cultivation - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a method for early-stage high-yield cultivation of golden camellia, belonging to the technical field of rare and precious plant cultivation. The method for early high-yield cultivation of Camellia sinensis includes the following steps: step 1: forest land selection; step 2: seedling selection; step 3: planting method; step 4: forest land management; step 5: control of pests and diseases; step 6: transplanting; Step 7: Transplant garden management. The invention mainly adopts grafting and cutting seedlings to establish a dense planting early production demonstration base, and solves the problem of low yield and low efficiency that the prior art uses seedlings for planting and requires 8-10 years to put into production. The present invention adopts high density to establish a demonstration forest, achieves flowering in the 3rd year, and puts it into production in the 4th and 5th years, and the price per plant reaches more than 100 yuan. Large, large number of plants, intensive operation, low cost, high efficiency, and realize early production and efficiency.

Description

A method for early high-yield cultivation of golden camellia tea

technical field

The invention relates to a method for early high-yield cultivation of golden camellia, belonging to the technical field of rare and precious plant cultivation.

Background technique

Camellia japonica is not only ornamental, but its flowers and leaves can be used to make tea and be used as medicine. It is a medicinal and edible plant. Camellia is a rare and precious plant in the world. It is extremely rare and has a very narrow distribution. 90% of the wild Camellia in the world is only distributed in the Lanshan branch of Shiwanda Mountain in Fangchenggang City, Guangxi, my country. It grows below 700 meters above sea level. The range between 200-500 meters is common, the lower limit of vertical distribution is about 20 meters above sea level, and the upper limit of vertical distribution can reach 890 meters above sea level. It is a rare and precious plant in the world and one of the eight national first-class protected plants in my country. , known as the "Plant Panda" and "Tea Queen". In 1960, Chinese scientists discovered it in Guangxi for the first time. At that time, it caused a sensation in the global horticultural community and the press, and was highly valued by horticulturalists at home and abroad. In the past 60 years, Chinese scientific and technological workers have done a lot of work on the protection, development and utilization of golden camellia, mainly in the aspects of growth environment investigation, variety classification, molecular genetics, seedling cultivation and product development. In terms of cultivation demonstration, some experimental demonstration bases have been established, and preliminary results have been obtained, but there are problems such as miscellaneous varieties, poor growth, late flowering, and low efficiency.

In order to protect, develop and utilize Camellia japonica, a rare and precious plant, so that it can achieve high yield and high efficiency in the early stage, for the economic development of forestry in mountainous areas, and to increase the income of farmers, it is urgent to develop a new method for early high-yield cultivation of Camellia japonica to make up for the above-mentioned defects. .

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The purpose of the present invention is to overcome the deficiencies of the prior art and provide a method for early high-yield cultivation of golden camellia. The invention mainly adopts grafting and cutting seedlings to establish a dense planting early production demonstration base, and solves the problem of low yield and low efficiency that the prior art adopts seedlings to plant and needs 8-10 years to put into production. The present invention adopts high density to establish a demonstration forest, achieves flowering in the 3rd year, and puts it into production in the 4th and 5th years, and the price per plant reaches more than 100 yuan. Large, large number of plants, intensive operation, low cost, high efficiency, and realize early production and efficiency.

The technical scheme that the present invention solves the above-mentioned technical problems is as follows: a method for early high-yield cultivation of golden camellia, comprising the following steps:

Step 1: Woodland Selection

Select a place with an altitude of 200m-300m, convenient transportation, gentle terrain, soil depth of more than 1m, slope within 20°, loose soil, good drainage, and soil pH value of 4.5-6.0 as woodland;

Step 2: Seedling selection

Choose ordinary golden camellia nutritious cup seedlings that are more than 1.5 years old, have strong growth, no pests and diseases, seedling height of 70cm-80cm, and ground diameter of 0.9cm-1.0cm, as golden camellia seedlings;

Step 3: Planting Method

Before the first ten days of December of the first year, the forest land in step 1 shall be hardened and planned at the same time, and then the positive tree species shall be planted in the first ten days of March of the second year, and then the trees selected in step 2 shall be planted in the first ten days of August of the second year. golden flower tea seedlings;

Step 4: Woodland Management

Step 4.1: tending, fertilizing

20-30 days after the golden camellia seedlings are planted, the plants begin to grow. At this time, tending and fertilizing are carried out. The plant base plate is loosened by 8cm-10cm, and an aqueous solution of potassium sulfate compound fertilizer with a mass percentage of 0.5% is applied every 18-22 days. 1 time, 3 times in a row; loosen the soil in mid-December of the same year, and at the same time spread 6g-8g of granular potassium sulfate compound fertilizer per plant;

In the first ten days of February of the second year, loosen the soil from the base of the plant by 8cm-10cm, and apply an aqueous solution of potassium sulfate compound fertilizer with a mass percentage of 0.6% every 18-22 days for 4 consecutive times; In mid-December, the soil is loosened and weeded every 38-42 days, and 10g-12g of granular potassium sulfate compound fertilizer is applied to each plant;

The tending method from the 3rd year to the 4th year is the same as that of the 2nd year. The amount of fertilizer applied increases with the age of the tree, and each plant is applied with 12g-15g of granular potassium sulfate compound fertilizer each time;

Step 4.2: Drought resistance;

Step 4.3: Trim

5 months after the golden camellia seedlings are planted, the crown shaping is carried out, and the leggy branches, thin and weak plants, and diseased and insect branches are cut off to make the crown branches evenly;

Step 5: pest control;

Step 6: Transplanting

In the third year, when the height of the Camellia sinensis saplings is 1.3m-1.4m and the crown diameter is 0.7m-1.0m, the inter-row transplanting is carried out, and one line of Camellia sinensis saplings is removed every two rows;

In the 5th year, when the flowering amount of the plants reaches more than 60%, the tree height is more than 1.6m, the crown diameter is 1.3m-1.5m, and the crowns overlap, then inter-plant transplanting is carried out, and one golden camellia sapling is removed for every two plants. , and at the same time, remove a line of fortune tree;

Step 7: Transplant Garden Management

In February of the sixth year, the forest land was cleaned up, the base of the plants was tended, and the ground projected by the canopy was organized into a loose soil tree disk with the base as the center, and fertilization management and pest and disease control were strengthened.

The invention selects common golden camellia nutritious cup seedlings for planting, sees flowers in 2-3 years, put into production in 4-5 years, and is rich in 6-8 years, and can realize early production and efficiency improvement.

The present invention adopts the nutritious cup seedlings of Tongjinhua tea to establish a high-density demonstration garden, saves the land area, and when the growth reaches a certain level, the saplings can be sold by intermoving, and the benefit is considerable.

Wherein, in step 3 of the present invention, the forest land planning refers to planning area roads, travel paths, pools and spray pipes, etc. in the forest land.

In step 3 of the present invention, the fortune tree belongs to the positive tree species. Positive tree species refers to the tree species that require sunlight for the growth of saplings, grow fast, and the woodland can be closed early. Because Camellia sinensis is a negative tree species in its juvenile stage, it is necessary to plant positive tree species first in the planted forest land, and then cultivate Camellia sinensis under the forest of positive tree species, which is conducive to the growth of Camellia sinensis.

In step 4.1 of the present invention, after the golden camellia is colonized and survived, it is necessary to loosen the soil and weed and fertilize it in time, so as to provide a good environment for the growth of golden camellia. At the same time, the water and fertilizer drip irrigation measures are adopted to have sufficient nutrient supply, which is beneficial to improve the planting survival rate of golden camellia. , to promote its vigorous growth and play a good guarantee.

In step 4.2 of the present invention, the drought resistance method is the same as the conventional drought resistance method of camellia camellia. That is to say, start watering immediately when drought occurs, and avoid strong sun exposure during the watering time, and it is carried out every day from 17:00 to 21:00.

In step 6 of the present invention, after the first transplanting of Camellia japonica saplings, the spacing between rows and rows is 0.7m×1.4m. After the second transplanting of Camellia japonica saplings and Fortune Trees, the plant-row spacing was 1.4m×2.1m.

On the basis of the above technical solutions, the present invention can also be improved as follows.

Further, in step 3, the specific method for planting the fortune tree is as follows: using the fortune tree nutrition cup seedling, the seedling height is 70cm-80cm, the diameter is 1.4cm-1.5cm thick, the plant row spacing is 0.7m×2.1m, and the size of the planting pit is 0.7m×2.1m. For the length of 35cm x width of 35cm x depth of 30cm, gently pull out the nutrient cup, put the seedlings together with the nutrient soil into the center of the planting pit, cover the surrounding soil for compaction, and pour enough water to fix the roots. Apply granular potassium sulfate compound fertilizer once in 22 days, 3-4 times in a row, 10g-15g per plant each time.

The further beneficial effects of adopting the above method are: by adopting the above method, the planting survival rate of the fortune tree can be improved.

Further, in the potassium sulfate compound fertilizer, the mass percentages of N, P ₂ O ₅ and K ₂ O are all 15%.

The further beneficial effects of adopting the above are: the above-mentioned potassium sulfate compound fertilizer is suitable for the nutrients required for the growth of Camellia sinensis, and can promote the vigorous growth of Camellia sinensis.

Further, in step 3, the specific method for planting golden camellia is as follows: planting two rows of golden camellia between the rows where the fortune tree is planted, the planting row spacing is 0.7m×0.7m, and the size of the planting pit is 25cm long×25cm wide×deep 20cm, gently pull out the nutrient cup, put the camellia tea seedlings together with the nutrient soil into the center of the planting pit, cover with soil to compact, pour enough water to fix the roots, and then lay a water delivery bag between the rows of camellia camellia planting.

The further beneficial effect of adopting the above is: according to the growth characteristics of Camellia sinensis, it needs to grow in a semi-shade and humid environment. Using the above-mentioned cultivation density, first plant the positive tree species - fortune tree. When the tree grows vigorously, the height of the tree is about 1.5m, when the crown increases and the density of branches and leaves is large, then plant golden camellia, which can save the cost of shading materials and guarantee the youth of the flower tea. The water bag is laid for drip irrigation or water and fertilizer application during drought. This method is used for drought resistance and water and fertilizer application, which saves labor costs.

Further, in step 5, the concrete method of described pest control is:

Step 5.1: Brown spot disease: In spring from late February to early April, spray 0.8% Bordeaux mixture by mass for prevention, strengthen drainage and fertilization, remove damaged leaves and burn them;

Step 5.2: Bituminous coal disease: from September to November, use 1 degree lime sulfur mixture to spray diseased plants or use 1500-2000 times dimethoate to prevent and control;

Step 5.3: Root rot: remove the seriously diseased plants, cover with slaked lime mixed with soil, or use 50% by mass of sterilization, or use 50% by mass of carbendazim 600 times liquid to irrigate the rhizomes for control;

Step 5.4: Camellia sinensis: spray 2000-3000 times of Hercules water-soluble liquid with a mass percentage of 20%, or spray 1500 to 2000 times of a monocrotophos water-soluble liquid with a mass percentage of 20%, or spray two Bromine phosphorus 1000~1500 times liquid, spray 2~3 times continuously;

Step 5.5: Stem borer: spray 500 times of 90% trichlorfon in the larval stage of the stem borer, and manually kill the adults before 8:00 every morning during the adult emergence period of the stem borer;

Step 5.6: Tea bee: spray trichlorfon powder with a mass percentage of 2.5% or trichlorfon 2000 times liquid with a mass percentage of 90%.

The further beneficial effects of adopting the above are: by taking the above measures, diseases and insect pests can be effectively controlled.

Beneficial effects of the present invention:

(1) The present invention adopts the grafted seedlings of common golden camellia varieties to establish a dense planting demonstration base, and solves the problem of low yield and low efficiency that the original technology adopts seedlings to plant and takes 8-10 years to put into production.

(2) The present invention adopts high density to establish a demonstration forest, and achieves flowering in 3 years. Most of the plants have entered the flowering stage in the 4th and 5th years, and the selling price per plant reaches more than 100 yuan. considerable.

(3) The demonstration forest of the present invention has high cultivation density, large number of plants, intensive management, low cost and high benefit.

(4) The present invention adopts Camellia japonica, a precious plant, to establish a high-density cultivation demonstration base to achieve early high yield and high efficiency, which is of great significance to the protection, cultivation, development and utilization of precious and rare tree species resources, which is the first time in China.

Detailed ways

The principles and features of the present invention will be described below with reference to specific embodiments. The examples are only used to explain the present invention, but not to limit the scope of the present invention.

Example 1

The method for early high-yield cultivation of Camellia sinensis of the present embodiment comprises the following steps:

Step 1: Woodland Selection

Select a place with an altitude of 200m, convenient transportation, gentle terrain, soil depth of more than 1m, slope within 20°, loose soil, good drainage, and soil pH value of 4.5 as woodland.

Step 2: Seedling selection

Choose ordinary golden camellia tea nutrient cup seedlings that are more than 1.5 years old, have strong growth, no pests and diseases, seedling height of 70cm, and ground diameter of 0.9cm, as golden camellia seedlings.

Step 3: Planting Method

Before the first ten days of December of the first year, the forest land in step 1 shall be refined and the forest land shall be planned at the same time. Forest planning refers to the planning of roads, trails, pools and sprinkler pipes in the woodland.

Then plant the fortune tree in early March of the second year, and then plant the golden camellia seedlings selected in step 2 in early August of the second year. Fortune tree is a positive tree species. Positive tree species refers to the tree species that require sunlight for the growth of saplings, grow fast, and the woodland can be closed early. Because Camellia sinensis is a negative tree species in its juvenile stage, it is necessary to plant positive tree species first in the planted forest land, and then cultivate Camellia sinensis under the forest of positive tree species, which is conducive to the growth of Camellia sinensis.

Wherein, the specific method for planting the fortune tree is as follows: using the fortune tree nutrient cup seedling, the seedling height is 70cm-80cm, the diameter is 1.4cm-1.5cm thick, the plant row spacing is 0.7m×2.1m, and the size of the planting pit is 35cm×long. 35cm wide x 30cm deep, gently pull out the nutrient cup, put the seedlings together with the nutrient soil into the center of the planting pit, cover the surrounding soil for compaction, and pour enough water to fix the roots. Potassium compound fertilizer 1 time, 3 times in a row, 10g fertilization per plant each time. In the potassium sulfate compound fertilizer, the mass percentages of N, P ₂ O ₅ and K ₂ O are all 15%.

The specific method for planting golden camellia tea is as follows: plant two rows of golden camellia tea between the rows where the fortune tree is planted, set the row spacing of the plants to be 0.7m×0.7m, the size of the planting pit is 25cm long×25cm wide×20cm deep, and the nutrition cup is lightly sized. Gently come off, the camellia tea seedlings together with the nutrient soil are placed in the center of the planting pit, the surrounding soil is compacted, and the root-fixing water is poured, and then water bags are laid between the rows of camellia camellia planting.

Step 4: Woodland Management

Step 4.1: tending, fertilizing

20 days after the golden camellia seedlings were planted, the plants began to grow. At this time, tending and fertilizing were carried out. The plant base was loosened by 8 cm, and the aqueous solution of potassium sulfate compound fertilizer with a mass percentage of 0.5% was applied once every 18 days for 3 consecutive times. ; In mid-December of the same year, the soil was loosened, and 6g of granular potassium sulfate compound fertilizer was applied to each plant at the same time. In the potassium sulfate compound fertilizer, the mass percentages of N, P ₂ O ₅ and K ₂ O are all 15%. After the golden camellia is colonized and survived, it is necessary to loosen the soil and weed and fertilize it in time to provide a good environment for the growth of golden camellia. At the same time, the use of water and fertilizer drip irrigation measures has sufficient nutrient supply, which can improve the planting survival rate of golden camellia and promote its vigorous growth. Well secured.

In the first ten days of February of the second year, 8 cm of soil was loosened from the base of the plant, and an aqueous solution of potassium sulfate compound fertilizer with a mass percentage of 0.6% was applied once every 18 days for four consecutive times; from early July to mid-December of the same year, Every 38 days, the soil is loosened and weeded, and at the same time, 10g-12g of granular potassium sulfate compound fertilizer is applied to each plant.

The tending method from the 3rd year to the 4th year is the same as the 2nd year. The amount of fertilizer increases with the age of the tree, and 12g of granular potassium sulfate compound fertilizer is applied to each plant.

Step 4.2: Drought Resistance

The drought resistance method is the same as the conventional drought resistance method of golden camellia. That is to say, start watering immediately when drought occurs, and avoid strong sun exposure during the watering time, and it is carried out every day from 17:00 to 21:00.

Step 4.3: Trim

5 months after the golden camellia seedlings are planted, the crown shaping is carried out, and the leggy branches, thin and weak plants, and diseased and insect branches are cut off to make the crown branches evenly;

Step 5: Prevention and control of pests and diseases, the specific methods are:

Step 5.1: Brown spot disease: In spring from late February to early April, spray 0.8% Bordeaux mixture by mass for prevention, strengthen drainage and fertilization, remove damaged leaves and burn them;

Step 5.2: Bituminous coal disease: spray the diseased plants with 1 degree lime sulfur mixture from September to November;

Step 5.3: Root rot: remove severely diseased plants and cover with slaked lime mixed with soil;

Step 5.4: Camellia sinensis: spray 2000 to 3000 times of the Hercules water-soluble liquid with a mass percentage of 20% for 2 to 3 times;

Step 5.5: Stem borer: spray 500 times of 90% trichlorfon in the larval stage of the stem borer, and manually kill the adults before 8:00 every morning during the adult emergence period of the stem borer;

Step 5.6: Tea bee: spray trichlorfon powder with a mass percentage of 2.5% or trichlorfon 2000 times liquid with a mass percentage of 90%.

Step 6: Transplanting

In March of the third year, when the height of the Camellia japonica saplings is 1.3m-1.4m and the crown diameter is 0.7m-1.0m, the inter-row transplanting is carried out, and a row of Camellia japonica saplings is removed every two rows to form a plant-row spacing of 0.7m×1.4m.

In March of the fifth year, when the flowering amount of the plants reaches more than 60%, the height of the tree is more than 1.6m, the crown diameter is 1.3m-1.5m, and the crowns overlap, then inter-plant transplanting is carried out, and one golden camellia is removed for every two plants. Young trees, at the same time, remove a row of fortune trees to form a row spacing of 1.4m × 2.1m.

Step 7: Transplant Garden Management

In February of the sixth year, the forest land was cleaned up, the base of the plants was tended, and the ground projected by the canopy was organized into a loose soil tree disk with the base as the center, and fertilization management and pest and disease control were strengthened.

Example 2

The method for early high-yield cultivation of Camellia sinensis of the present embodiment comprises the following steps:

Step 1: Woodland Selection

Select a place with an altitude of 250m, convenient transportation, gentle terrain, soil depth of more than 1m, slope within 20°, loose soil, good drainage, and soil pH value of 5.5 as woodland.

Step 2: Seedling selection

Choose ordinary golden camellia tea nutrient cup seedlings that are more than 1.5 years old, have strong growth, no pests and diseases, seedling height of 70cm-80cm, and ground diameter of 0.9cm-1.0cm, as golden camellia seedlings.

Step 3: Planting Method

Before the first ten days of December of the first year, the forest land in step 1 shall be refined and the forest land shall be planned at the same time. Forest planning refers to the planning of roads, trails, pools and sprinkler pipes in the woodland.

Then plant the fortune tree in early March of the second year, and then plant the golden camellia seedlings selected in step 2 in early August of the second year. Fortune tree is a positive tree species. Positive tree species refers to the tree species that require sunlight for the growth of saplings, grow fast, and the woodland can be closed early. Because Camellia sinensis is a negative tree species in its juvenile stage, it is necessary to plant positive tree species first in the planted forest land, and then cultivate Camellia sinensis under the forest of positive tree species, which is conducive to the growth of Camellia sinensis.

Wherein, the specific method for planting the fortune tree is: using the fortune tree nutrition cup seedling, the seedling height is 70cm-80cm, the diameter is 1.4cm-1.5cm thick, the plant row spacing is 0.7m×2.1m, and the size of the planting pit is 35cm×long. 35cm wide x 30cm deep, gently pull out the nutrient cup, put the seedlings together with the nutrient soil into the center of the planting pit, cover the surrounding soil for compaction, and pour enough water to fix the roots. Potassium compound fertilizer was applied once, 4 times in a row, 12g per plant each time. In the potassium sulfate compound fertilizer, the mass percentages of N, P ₂ O ₅ and K ₂ O are all 15%.

The specific method for planting golden camellia tea is as follows: plant two rows of golden camellia tea between the rows where the fortune tree is planted, set the row spacing of the plants to be 0.7m×0.7m, the size of the planting pit is 25cm long×25cm wide×20cm deep, and the nutrition cup is lightly sized. Gently come off, the camellia tea seedlings together with the nutrient soil are placed in the center of the planting pit, the surrounding soil is compacted, and the root-fixing water is poured, and then water bags are laid between the rows of camellia camellia planting.

Step 4: Woodland Management

Step 4.1: tending, fertilizing

Twenty-five days after the golden camellia seedlings were planted, the plants began to grow. At this time, tending and fertilizing were carried out. The plant base was loosened by 9 cm, and the aqueous solution of potassium sulfate compound fertilizer with a mass percentage of 0.5% was applied once every 20 days for three consecutive times. ; In mid-December of the same year, the soil was loosened, and 7g of granular potassium sulfate compound fertilizer was applied per plant at the same time. In the potassium sulfate compound fertilizer, the mass percentages of N, P ₂ O ₅ and K ₂ O are all 15%. After the golden camellia is colonized and survived, it is necessary to loosen the soil and weed and fertilize it in time to provide a good environment for the growth of golden camellia. At the same time, the use of water and fertilizer drip irrigation measures has sufficient nutrient supply, which can improve the planting survival rate of golden camellia and promote its vigorous growth. Well secured.

In the first ten days of February of the second year, 9 cm of soil was loosened from the base of the plant, and an aqueous solution of potassium sulfate compound fertilizer with a mass percentage of 0.6% was applied once every 20 days for four consecutive times; from early July to mid-December of the same year, Every 40 days, the soil is loosened and weeded, and at the same time, 10g-12g of granular potassium sulfate compound fertilizer is applied to each plant.

The tending method from the 3rd year to the 4th year is the same as that of the 2nd year. The amount of fertilizer applied increases with the age of the tree, and 14g of granular potassium sulfate compound fertilizer is applied to each plant.

Step 4.2: Drought Resistance

The drought resistance method is the same as the conventional drought resistance method of golden camellia. That is to say, start watering immediately when drought occurs, and avoid strong sun exposure during the watering time, and it is carried out every day from 17:00 to 21:00.

Step 4.3: Trim

5 months after the golden camellia seedlings are planted, the crown shaping is carried out, and the leggy branches, thin and weak plants, and diseased and insect branches are cut off to make the crown branches evenly;

Step 5: Prevention and control of pests and diseases, the specific methods are:

Step 5.1: Brown spot disease: In spring from late February to early April, spray 0.8% Bordeaux mixture by mass for prevention, strengthen drainage and fertilization, remove damaged leaves and burn them;

Step 5.2: Bituminous coal disease: control with 1500-2000 times dimethoate from September to November;

Step 5.3: Root rot: control the rhizome by irrigating the rhizome with a mass percentage of 50% bacteriostatic;

Step 5.4: Camellia sinensis: spray 1500 to 2000 times of the monocrotophos water-soluble liquid with a mass percentage of 20%, continuously spray 2 to 3 times;

Step 5.5: Stem borer: spray 500 times of 90% trichlorfon in the larval stage of the stem borer, and manually kill the adults before 8:00 every morning during the adult emergence period of the stem borer;

Step 5.6: Tea bee: spray trichlorfon powder with a mass percentage of 2.5%.

Step 6: Transplanting

In March of the third year, when the height of the Camellia japonica saplings is 1.3m-1.4m and the crown diameter is 0.7m-1.0m, the inter-row transplanting is carried out, and a row of Camellia japonica saplings is removed every two rows to form a plant-row spacing of 0.7m×1.4m.

In March of the fifth year, when the flowering amount of the plants reaches more than 60%, the height of the tree is more than 1.6m, the crown diameter is 1.3m-1.5m, and the crowns overlap, then inter-plant transplanting is carried out, and one golden camellia is removed for every two plants. Young trees, at the same time, remove a row of fortune trees to form a row spacing of 1.4m × 2.1m.

Step 7: Transplant Garden Management

In February of the sixth year, the forest land was cleaned up, the base of the plants was tended, and the ground projected by the canopy was organized into a loose soil tree disk with the base as the center, and fertilization management and pest and disease control were strengthened.

Example 3

The method for early high-yield cultivation of Camellia sinensis of the present embodiment comprises the following steps:

Step 1: Woodland Selection

Select a place with an altitude of 300m, convenient transportation, gentle terrain, soil depth of more than 1m, slope within 20°, loose soil, good drainage, and soil pH value of 6.0 as woodland.

Step 2: Seedling selection

Choose ordinary golden camellia tea nutrient cup seedlings that are more than 1.5 years old, have strong growth, no pests and diseases, seedling height of 70cm-80cm, and ground diameter of 0.9cm-1.0cm, as golden camellia seedlings.

Step 3: Planting Method

Before the first ten days of December of the first year, the forest land in step 1 shall be refined and the forest land shall be planned at the same time. Forest planning refers to the planning of roads, trails, pools and sprinkler pipes in the woodland.

Then plant the fortune tree in early March of the second year, and then plant the golden camellia seedlings selected in step 2 in early August of the second year. Fortune tree is a positive tree species. Positive tree species refers to the tree species that require sunlight for the growth of saplings, grow fast, and the woodland can be closed early. Because Camellia sinensis is a negative tree species in its juvenile stage, it is necessary to plant positive tree species first in the planted forest land, and then cultivate Camellia sinensis under the forest of positive tree species, which is conducive to the growth of Camellia sinensis.

Wherein, the specific method for planting the fortune tree is: using the fortune tree nutrition cup seedling, the seedling height is 70cm-80cm, the diameter is 1.4cm-1.5cm thick, the plant row spacing is 0.7m×2.1m, and the size of the planting pit is 35cm×long. 35cm wide × 30cm deep, gently pull out the nutrient cup, put the seedlings together with the nutrient soil into the center of the planting pit, cover with soil and compact, and pour enough water to fix the roots. Granular potassium sulfate compound fertilizer once, 3-4 times in a row, 10g-15g per plant each time. In the potassium sulfate compound fertilizer, the mass percentages of N, P ₂ O ₅ and K ₂ O are all 15%.

The specific method for planting golden camellia tea is as follows: plant two rows of golden camellia tea between the rows where the fortune tree is planted, set the row spacing of the plants to be 0.7m×0.7m, the size of the planting pit is 25cm long×25cm wide×20cm deep, and the nutrition cup is lightly sized. Gently come off, the camellia tea seedlings together with the nutrient soil are placed in the center of the planting pit, the surrounding soil is compacted, and the root-fixing water is poured, and then water bags are laid between the rows of camellia camellia planting.

Step 4: Woodland Management

Step 4.1: tending, fertilizing

30 days after the golden camellia seedlings were planted, the plants began to grow. At this time, tending and fertilizing were carried out. The plant base was loosened by 10 cm, and the aqueous solution of potassium sulfate compound fertilizer with a mass percentage of 0.5% was applied once every 22 days for 3 consecutive times. ; In mid-December of the same year, the soil was loosened, and 8g of granular potassium sulfate compound fertilizer was applied to each plant at the same time. In the potassium sulfate compound fertilizer, the mass percentages of N, P ₂ O ₅ and K ₂ O are all 15%. After the golden camellia is colonized and survived, it is necessary to loosen the soil and weed and fertilize it in time to provide a good environment for the growth of golden camellia. At the same time, the use of water and fertilizer drip irrigation measures has sufficient nutrient supply, which can improve the planting survival rate of golden camellia and promote its vigorous growth. Well secured.

In the first ten days of February of the second year, 10 cm of soil was loosened from the base of the plant, and an aqueous solution of potassium sulfate compound fertilizer with a mass percentage of 0.6% was applied once every 22 days for four consecutive times; from early July to mid-December of the same year, Every 42 days, the soil is loosened and weeded, and at the same time, 10g-12g of granular potassium sulfate compound fertilizer is applied to each plant.

The tending method from the 3rd year to the 4th year is the same as that of the 2nd year. The amount of fertilizer increases with the age of the tree, and 15g of granular potassium sulfate compound fertilizer is applied to each plant.

Step 4.2: Drought Resistance

The drought resistance method is the same as the conventional drought resistance method of golden camellia. That is to say, start watering immediately when drought occurs, and avoid strong sun exposure during the watering time, and it is carried out every day from 17:00 to 21:00.

Step 4.3: Trim

5 months after the golden camellia seedlings are planted, the crown shaping is carried out, and the leggy branches, thin and weak plants, and diseased and insect branches are cut off to make the crown branches evenly;

Step 5: Prevention and control of pests and diseases, the specific methods are:

Step 5.1: Brown spot disease: In spring from late February to early April, spray 0.8% Bordeaux mixture by mass for prevention, strengthen drainage and fertilization, remove damaged leaves and burn them;

Step 5.2: Bituminous coal disease: spray the diseased plants with 1 degree lime sulfur mixture from September to November;

Step 5.3: Root rot: use 50% carbendazim 600 times liquid to prevent and control the rhizomes;

Step 5.4: Camellia sinensis: spray 1000-1500 times of dibromophosphine for 2-3 times;

Step 5.5: Stem borer: spray 500 times of 90% trichlorfon in the larval stage of the stem borer, and manually kill the adults before 8:00 every morning during the adult emergence period of the stem borer;

Step 5.6: Tea bee: spray 2000 times solution of trichlorfon with a mass percentage of 90%.

Step 6: Transplanting

In March of the third year, when the height of the Camellia japonica saplings is 1.3m-1.4m and the crown diameter is 0.7m-1.0m, the inter-row transplanting is carried out, and a row of Camellia japonica saplings is removed every two rows to form a plant-row spacing of 0.7m×1.4m.

In March of the fifth year, when the flowering amount of the plants reaches more than 60%, the height of the tree is more than 1.6m, the crown diameter is 1.3m-1.5m, and the crowns overlap, then inter-plant transplanting is carried out, and one golden camellia is removed for every two plants. Young trees, at the same time, remove a row of fortune trees to form a row spacing of 1.4m × 2.1m.

Step 7: Transplant Garden Management

In February of the sixth year, the forest land was cleaned up, the base of the plants was tended, and the ground projected by the canopy was organized into a loose soil tree disk with the base as the center, and fertilization management and pest and disease control were strengthened.

Experimental example

Using the method of Example 2 of the present invention, the inventor of the present application established a golden camellia cultivation demonstration base in Shikang Town, Hepu County, Beihai City, Guangxi in 2013, covering an area of 95 mu. The annual average temperature of the demonstration base is 21-23 ℃, the average temperature in January is 12.1-14.4 ℃, the extreme minimum temperature is about 0 ℃, the average temperature in July is 27-23 ℃, and the extreme maximum temperature is 40 ℃. The annual precipitation is 1130-1700mm, and the dry and wet seasons are obvious. The dry season lasts for half a year. The air in the forest area is humid, and the average annual relative humidity is about 80%. Young trees need to grow under shady conditions. Mature trees grow better in sparse shade. They prefer to grow under arbor forests shaded by valleys or in bushes with high humidity and little light, and grow on sunny slopes. bad. Resistant to heat and humidity, avoid drying and direct sunlight.

In March 2013, a fortune tree was planted in the base, with a row spacing of 0.7m × 2.1m, and 453 trees per mu;

In August 2013, 2 rows of golden camellia were planted between the 2.1m rows of the fortune tree. The row spacing of golden camellia was 0.7m × 0.7m. In fact, 8 rows of golden camellia were planted in the five rows of fortune trees. The area is 61% (8÷5+8), that is, 1361 plants per mu × 61%=830 plants.

In August 2013, 830 golden camellias were planted per mu, and 50% of the first transplanting (transplanting between rows) was carried out in March 2015, that is, 415 plants per mu were reserved; in March 2017, the second transplanting (plants) was carried out Transplanting) 50%, that is, 207 plants per mu are reserved. The first transplanted 39,425 saplings (415/mu × 95 mu), with an output value of 1,182,700 yuan, and the second transplanted 19,665 saplings (207/mu × 95 mu), with an output value of 1,966,500 yuan; 2017 It produces 4275kg of flowers with an output value of 1.71 million yuan. In 2018, the annual output of flowers was 6175kg with an output value of 2.47 million yuan. Using the method of Example 2 of the present invention, golden camellia was planted for 6 years, the total output value was 7.3292 million yuan, and the average output value per mu was 77,100 yuan.

At the same time, a comparative experiment was set up, and seedlings were used for planting in 2006, with 148 plants per mu, covering an area of 30 mu. In 2015, the annual output of flowers was 1650kg (55kg/mu), the output value was 660,000 yuan, and the average output value per mu was 22,000 yuan.

It can be seen from this that, using the method of Example 2 of the present invention, the average output value per mu is 3.5 times that of the prior art, and the economic benefit is remarkable, and the problem of low yield and low efficiency that the prior art adopts seedling planting and needs to be put into production for 8-10 years is also solved. .

The above are only preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent replacements, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principles of the present invention shall be included in the protection of the present invention. within the range.

Claims (5)

1. a method for early high-yield cultivation of Camellia sinensis, is characterized in that, comprises the steps: Step 1: Woodland Selection Select a place with an altitude of 200m-300m, convenient transportation, gentle terrain, soil depth of more than 1m, slope within 20°, loose soil, good drainage, and soil pH value of 4.5-6.0 as woodland; Step 2: Seedling selection Choose ordinary golden camellia nutritious cup seedlings that are more than 1.5 years old, have strong growth, no pests and diseases, seedling height of 70cm-80cm, and ground diameter of 0.9cm-1.0cm, as golden camellia seedlings; Step 3: Planting Method Before the first ten days of December of the first year, the forest land in step 1 shall be hardened and planned at the same time, and then the positive tree species shall be planted in the first ten days of March of the second year, and then the trees selected in step 2 shall be planted in the first ten days of August of the second year. golden flower tea seedlings; Step 4: Woodland Management Step 4.1: tending, fertilizing 20-30 days after the golden camellia seedlings are planted, the plants begin to grow. At this time, tending and fertilizing are carried out. The plant base plate is loosened by 8cm-10cm, and an aqueous solution of potassium sulfate compound fertilizer with a mass percentage of 0.5% is applied every 18-22 days. 1 time, 3 times in a row; loosen the soil in mid-December of the same year, and at the same time spread 6g-8g of granular potassium sulfate compound fertilizer per plant; In the first ten days of February of the second year, loosen the soil from the base of the plant by 8cm-10cm, and apply an aqueous solution of potassium sulfate compound fertilizer with a mass percentage of 0.6% every 18-22 days for 4 consecutive times; In mid-December, the soil is loosened and weeded every 38-42 days, and 10g-12g of granular potassium sulfate compound fertilizer is applied to each plant; The tending method from the 3rd year to the 4th year is the same as that of the 2nd year. The amount of fertilizer applied increases with the age of the tree, and each plant is applied with 12g-15g of granular potassium sulfate compound fertilizer each time; Step 4.2: Drought resistance; Step 4.3: Trim 5 months after the golden camellia seedlings are planted, the crown shaping is carried out, and the leggy branches, thin and weak plants, and diseased and insect branches are cut off to make the crown branches evenly; Step 5: pest control; Step 6: Transplanting In the third year, when the height of the Camellia sinensis saplings is 1.3m-1.4m and the crown diameter is 0.7m-1.0m, the inter-row transplanting is carried out, and one line of Camellia sinensis saplings is removed every two rows; In the 5th year, when the flowering amount of the plants reaches more than 60%, the tree height is more than 1.6m, the crown diameter is 1.3m-1.5m, and the crowns overlap, then inter-plant transplanting is carried out, and one golden camellia sapling is removed for every two plants. , and at the same time, remove a line of fortune tree; Step 7: Transplant Garden Management In February of the sixth year, the forest land was cleaned up, the base of the plants was tended, and the ground projected by the canopy was organized into a loose soil tree disk with the base as the center, and fertilization management and pest and disease control were strengthened. 2. the method for the early high-yield cultivation of Camellia sinensis according to claim 1, is characterized in that, in step 3, the concrete method of described planting fortune tree is: adopt fortune tree nutrition cup seedling, seedling height 70cm-80cm, diameter thick 1.4cm-1.5cm, the planting row spacing is 0.7m×2.1m, the size of the planting pit is 35cm long×35cm wide×30cm deep, the nutrient cup is gently pulled out, the seedlings and the nutrient soil are placed in the center of the planting pit, and the surrounding soil is compacted , drench the foot with root-fixing water. After the fortune tree survives in early April, apply granular potassium sulfate compound fertilizer once every 18-22 days, 3-4 times in a row, with 10g-15g of fertilizer per plant each time. 3. The method for early-stage high-yield cultivation of Camellia sinensis according to claim 1 and 2, characterized in that, in the potassium sulfate compound fertilizer, the mass percentages of N, P ₂ O ₅ and K ₂ O are all 15% . 4. the method for early high-yield cultivation of camellia camellia according to claim 1, is characterized in that, in step 3, the concrete method of described planting camellia camelliae is: plant 2 rows of camellia camelliae between the rows of fortune tree planting, and set the plant The row spacing is 0.7m×0.7m, and the size of the planting pit is 25cm long×25cm wide×20cm deep. The nutrient cup is gently pulled out. The golden camellia seedlings together with the nutrient soil are placed in the center of the planting pit. , and then lay a water delivery bag between the rows of golden camellia colonization. 5. the method for early high-yield cultivation of Camellia sinensis according to claim 1, is characterized in that, in step 5, the concrete method of described pest control is: Step 5.1: Brown spot disease: In spring from late February to early April, spray 0.8% Bordeaux mixture by mass for prevention, strengthen drainage and fertilization, remove damaged leaves and burn them; Step 5.2: Bituminous coal disease: from September to November, use 1 degree lime sulfur mixture to spray diseased plants or use 1500-2000 times dimethoate to prevent and control; Step 5.3: Root rot: remove the seriously diseased plants, cover with slaked lime mixed with soil, or use 50% by mass of sterilization, or use 50% by mass of carbendazim 600 times liquid to irrigate the rhizomes for control; Step 5.4: Camellia sinensis: spray 2000-3000 times of Hercules water-soluble liquid with a mass percentage of 20%, or spray 1500 to 2000 times of a monocrotophos water-soluble liquid with a mass percentage of 20%, or spray two Bromine phosphorus 1000~1500 times liquid, spray 2~3 times continuously; Step 5.5: Stem borer: spray 500 times of 90% trichlorfon in the larval stage of the stem borer, and manually kill the adults before 8:00 every morning during the adult emergence period of the stem borer; Step 5.6: Tea bee: spray trichlorfon powder with a mass percentage of 2.5% or trichlorfon 2000 times liquid with a mass percentage of 90%.