CN1107332A - 抑制绝经后妇女的中枢神经系统问题的方法 - Google Patents
抑制绝经后妇女的中枢神经系统问题的方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN1107332A CN1107332A CN94119267A CN94119267A CN1107332A CN 1107332 A CN1107332 A CN 1107332A CN 94119267 A CN94119267 A CN 94119267A CN 94119267 A CN94119267 A CN 94119267A CN 1107332 A CN1107332 A CN 1107332A
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- acid
- chemical compound
- raloxifene
- estrogen
- postmenopausal women
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Abstract
Description
在更年期妇女中,焦虑、抑郁、紧张和易怒开始于接近绝经期,这可能与雌激素含量降低有关,业已建议用雌激素替代疗法治疗这些症状(Malleson J.,Lancet,2∶158,(1953);Wilson等,J.Am.Geriatric Soc.,11∶347(1963))。雌激素在这种情形里的保护作用的机制尚不清楚,但是可能与雌激素对生物胺(例如5-羟色胺)的潜在影响有关(AylwardM.,Int.Res.Communications System Med.Sci.,1:30(1973))。与之有关的是绝经后妇女体内循环的5-羟色胺减少(Gonzales G.等,Maturitas 17:23-29(1993),而5-羟色胺(以及其它几种生物胺)具有公认的行为阻抑作用。
Phillips和Sherwin(Psychoneuroendocrinology,17∶485-495(1992)报道说,对于手术绝经后服用雌激素的妇女,与不服用雌激素的类似妇女相比,在即刻的和延后的回忆试验中评分都高,两个可能的假说可以解释这一作用。有一些证据表明,部分雌激素激动剂(或者抗雌激素),例如三苯氧胺,会与蕈毒碱受体相互作用(Ben-Baruch,G等,Molec.Pharmacol.21∶287-293,1982),而蕈毒碱激动剂(M2)已知在许多与记忆有关的试验中产生令人满意的作用,并且可能对阿尔茨海默疾病有临床适用性。另一个令人关注的可能与神经激肽(例如物质P)有关,已知它们有神经营养作用及增强记忆作用(ThoenenH.,Trends in Neuroscience,14:165-170(1991);Huston J等,Neurosci.Biobehav.Rer.13:171-180(1989),因此,通过在中枢神经系统中的神经传递素受体或在神经肽受体处的作用,一个组织选择性的雌激素动剂/拮抗剂能产生增强记忆和提高识别能力的作用。这种效能在人类中进行评定最为适当,但是许多模型动物可用于临床前的试验(例如迷津学习能力和条件反射消失等)。
或许更年期妇女最常见的与中枢神经系统(CNS)有关的问题是潮热的发生,虽然这无疑是一种由对微血管系统的作用调制的躯体效应,但是现有证据强烈地表明了CNS引发作用(Lomax P.等,Pharmac,Ther.57:347-358(1993))。因此,象雷洛昔芬(raloxifene)这类组织选择性雌激素激动剂,拮抗剂可以在对生殖组织没有不适当副作用的情况下提供达到所要求效果的理想治疗。
本发明提供了抑制绝经后妇女的中枢神经系统(CNS)问题的方法,其中包括使需要治疗的妇女服用有效数量的式I化合物或其药学上可接受的盐或溶剂化物
本发明涉及下述发现:选自式I化合物的2-苯基-3-芳酰基苯并噻吩类(苯并噻吩)可用来抑制绝经后妇女的CNS失调。本发明提供的治疗方法是使需要治疗的患者服用一定剂量的式I化合物或其药学上可接受的盐或溶剂化物,它能有效地抑制一种或多种CNS失调。“抑制”一词定义为包括它的通常所接受的含义,包括对容易患上述症状的人作预防性治疗和对已有的症状保持控制和/或治疗。因此,本发明方法包括医药治疗和/或适当时的预防处理。CNS失调是已知被本领域技术人员包括在定义内的那些影响绝经后妇女的失调现象,包括焦虑、抑郁、情绪反复无常、紧张、易怒、动机缺陷、记忆衰退和识别混乱。
本发明的一种化合物雷洛昔芬(Raloxifene)是一种式I化合物的盐酸盐,其中的R1和R3是氢、R2是1-哌啶基,它是一种细胞核调节分子。雷洛昔芬显示出能与雌激素受体结合,最初设想它是一种具有抗雌激素功能和药理作用的分子,阻断了雌激素活化子宫组织的能力和依赖雌激素的乳腺癌变。确实,雷洛昔芬阻断雌激素在某些细胞中的作用;但在其它类型的细胞中,雷洛昔芬象雌激素一样地活化同一基因,起相同的药理作用,也就是说,抑制骨损失和降低血脂。结果,雷洛昔芬被认为是具有激动剂/拮抗剂双重性能的一种抗雌激素。现在认为,雷洛昔芬所起的与雌激素不同的独特的作用是由于,与雌激素-雌激素受体复合体对基因功能的激活和/或抑制不同,雷洛昔芬-雌激素受体复合体对许多基因功能起着独特的激活和/或抑制作用。因此,虽然雷洛昔芬和雌激素利用同一受体并彼此竞争,但是二者对基因调节的药理后果不易预测,而且各自专一。但是这不等于说该作用机制必须全部或部分地通过雌激素受体本身进行调节。
通常,将该化合物与常用的赋形剂、稀释剂或载体一起配制,压制成片剂,或者配制成酏剂或溶液以便于口服,或者通过肌内或静脉内等途径给药。该化合物可以经皮肤给药,并可配制成缓释剂的形式及类似形式。
本发明方法中使用的化合物可以根据已确定的步骤制备,例如在美国专利4,133,814、4,418,068和4,380,635中详述的那些,这些专利均在本文中引用作为参考。一般来说,制备过程用一种有6-羟基和2-(4-羟基苯基)基团的苯并[b]噻吩开始。将此起始化合物保护、酰化和去保护,形成式I化合物。在上述美国专利中提供了制备这类化合物的实例。取代的苯基包括用C1-C6烷基、C1-C4烷氧基、羟基、硝基、氯、氟或三(氯或氟)甲基取代一次或两次的苯基。
本发明方法中使用的化合物与许多种有机或无机酸和碱形成药学上可接受的酸和碱加成盐,包括在药物化学中经常使用的生理上可接受的盐。这些盐也构成本发明的一部分。用来形成这类盐的典型的无机酸包括盐酸、氢溴酸、氢碘酸、硝酸、硫酸、磷酸、连二磷酸等。也可以使用从有机酸衍生得到的盐,这些有机酸的实例有脂族单羧酸和二羧酸、苯基取代的链烷酸、羟基链烷酸和羟基链烷二酸、芳香酸、脂族和芳族磺酸等。因此,药学上可接受的盐包括乙酸盐、苯基乙酸盐、三氟乙酸盐、丙烯酸盐、抗坏血酸盐、苯甲酸盐、氯代苯甲酸盐、二硝基苯甲酸盐、羟基苯甲酸盐、甲氧基苯甲酸盐、甲基苯甲酸盐、邻乙酰氧基苯甲酸盐、萘-2-苯甲酸盐、溴化物、异丁酸盐、苯基丁酸盐、β-羟基丁酸盐、丁炔-1,4-二酸盐、已炔-1,4-二酸盐、癸酸盐、辛酸盐、氯化物,肉桂酸盐、柠檬酸盐、甲酸盐、富马酸盐、乙醇酸盐、庚酸盐、马尿酸盐、乳酸盐、苹果酸盐、马来酸盐、羟基马来酸盐、丙二酸盐、扁桃酸盐、甲磺酸盐、烟酸盐、异烟酸盐、硝酸盐、草酸盐、邻苯二甲酸盐、对苯二甲酸盐、磷酸盐、磷酸一氢盐、磷酸二氢盐、偏磷酸盐、焦磷酸盐、丙炔酸盐、丙酸盐、苯基丙酸盐、水杨酸盐、癸二酸盐、丁二酸盐、辛二酸盐、硫酸盐、硫酸氢盐、焦硫酸盐、亚硫酸盐、亚硫酸氢盐、磺酸盐、苯磺酸盐、对溴苯磺酸盐、氯苯磺酸盐、乙磺酸盐、2-羟基乙磺酸盐、甲磺酸盐、萘-1-磺酸盐、萘-2-磺酸盐、对甲苯磺酸盐、二甲苯磺酸盐、酒石酸盐等。优选的盐是盐酸盐:
药学上可接受的酸加成盐通常由式I化合物与等摩尔或过剩数量的酸反应形成。该反应物通常在一种互溶剂(例如乙醚或苯)中结合。盐一般在约1小时到10天内从溶液中沉淀出来,可以过滤分离,或者用常规方法脱除溶剂。
通常用来形成盐的碱包括氢氧化铵和碱金属及碱土金属氢氧化物,碳酸盐,以及脂族的伯胺、仲胺及叔胺,脂族二胺。特别适合制备加成盐的碱包括氢氧化铵、碳酸钾、甲胺、二乙胺、乙二胺和环已胺。
这些药学上可接受的盐一般比它们从中衍生的化合物有更高的溶解度。因此常常更适合于象液体或乳状液这类制剂。
药物制剂可以用工艺上已知的步骤制备。例如,这些化合物可以与常用的赋形剂、稀释剂或载体一起配制,形成片剂、胶囊剂、悬浮液、粉剂等。适合这些制剂的赋形剂、稀释剂和载体的实例包括以下物质:填料和增量剂(如淀粉、糖、甘露糖醇及硅酸衍生物);粘合剂(如羧甲基纤维素及其它纤维素衍生物、藻酸盐、明胶和聚乙烯吡咯烷酮);增湿剂(如甘油);崩解剂(如碳酸钙和碳酸氢钠);延缓溶解剂(如石蜡);再吸收加速剂(如季铵化合物);表面活性剂(如十六烷醇、甘油单硬脂酸酯);吸附性载体(如高岭土和膨润土);以及润滑剂(如滑石、硬脂酸钙和镁以及固体的聚乙基乙二醇)。
这些化合物也可以配制成便于口服的酏剂或溶液,或是适合非肠道用药(例如肌内、皮下或静脉内)的溶液。另外,这些化合物很适合配制成持续释放的剂量形式及类似形式。可能是在一段时间内。可以将制剂做成只在或者优选在肠道的特定部位释放出活性成分。涂层、被膜和保护基质可以由例如聚合物或蜡制成。
根据本发明,为抑制绝经后妇女的一种或多种CNS失调所需的式I化合物的具体剂量,取决于症状的严重性、服药途径和将由主治医师决定的有关因素。一般来说,普通使用的有效日剂量是每天约0.1到约1000mg,更常用的是每天约50到约200mg。这样的剂量按照每天约1到3次对需要治疗的患者给药,或者根据有效治疗这些症状的需要增加服药次数。
通常优选服用酸加成盐形式的式I化合物,正如习惯上服用带碱性基团(例如哌啶子基)的药物一样。对于老年人(例如绝经后妇女),这类化合物经口服用较为方便。为此,提供了以下的口服剂量形式。
制剂
在以下制剂中,“活性组分”是指式I化合物。
制剂1:明胶胶囊
用以下组分配制硬明胶胶囊:
组分 数量(mg/胶囊)
活性组分 0.1-1000
淀粉(美国国家药典) 0-650
淀粉(可流动的粉末) 0-650
硅氧烷(350厘沲) 0-15
将各组分掺混,通过美国45目筛,装入硬明胶胶囊。
已制备的雷洛昔芬胶囊制剂的具体实例包括以下制剂:
制剂2:雷洛昔芬胶囊
组分 数量(mg/胶囊)
雷洛昔芬 1
淀粉(美国国家药典) 112
淀粉(可流动的粉末) 225.3
硅氧烷(350厘沲) 1.7
制剂3:雷洛昔芬胶囊
组分 数量(mg/胶囊)
雷洛昔芬 5
淀粉(美国国家药典) 108
淀粉(可流动的粉末) 225.3
硅氧烷流体(350厘沲) 1.7
制剂4:雷洛昔芬胶囊
组分 数量(mg/胶囊)
雷洛昔芬 10
淀粉(美国国家药典) 103
淀粉(可流动的粉末) 225.3
硅氧烷流体(350厘沲) 1.7
制剂5:雷洛昔芬胶囊
组分 数量(mg/胶囊)
雷洛昔芬 50
淀粉(美国国家药典) 150
淀粉(可流动的粉末) 397
硅氧烷流体(350厘沲) 3.0
上述的具体配方可以根据所提供的合理变化量加以改变。
用以下组分制备片剂:
制剂6:片剂
组分 数量(mg/片)
活性组分 0.1-1000
微晶纤维素 0-650
煅制二氧化硅 0-650
硬脂酸 0-15
将各组分掺混并压制成片。
或者是,制备每片含0.1-1000mg活性组分的片剂如下:
制剂7:片剂
组分 数量(mg/片)
活性组分 0.1-1000
淀粉 45
微晶纤维素 35
聚乙烯吡咯烷酮(10%水溶液) 4
羧甲基纤维素钠 4.5
硬脂酸镁 0.5
滑石粉 1
将活性组分、淀粉和纤维素通过美国45目筛并充分混和。将聚乙烯吡咯烷酮溶液与所形成的粉末混合,然后通过美国14目筛。将这样制得的颗粒在50°-60℃下干燥并通过美国18目筛。将事先通过美国60目筛的羧甲基纤维素钠、硬脂酸镁和滑石粉加到上述颗粒中,混合后在压片机上压制成片剂。
每5ml中含0.1-1000mg药物的悬浮液制备如下:
制剂8:悬浮液
组分 数量(mg/5ml)
活性组分 0.1-1000mg
羧甲基纤维素钠 50mg
糖浆 1.25mg
苯甲酸溶液 0.10ml
香味剂 适量
着色剂 适量
加纯水至 5ml
使药物通过美国45目筛并与羧甲基纤维素钠和糖浆混合以形成均匀的浆体。用一些水浆苯甲酸溶液、香味剂和着色剂稀释并在搅拌下加入,然后加入足量的水以达到所要求的体积。
试验步骤
选择5到50名妇女进行临床研究。这些妇女是绝经后的,即,在研究开始之前已停经6到12个月,健康良好,患有一种或多种上述的CNS失调症。由于这些失调症的特异反应性和主观性的本质,此研究有一个无效剂对照组,即,将妇女分成两组,其中一组服用本发明的活性药剂,另一组服用无效剂。试验组的妇女每天口服50-200mg药物。她们继续这种疗法3-12个月。准确记录两组中上述失调症状的数目和严重程度,在研究结束时比较这些结果,结果的比较包括各组数目的比较,也包括各患者与研究开始之前所报道的失调症状的对比结果。
本发明化合物的效用由它们在用于上述研究中时对一种或多种CNS病症/失调的令人满意的作用得到说明。
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| US5389670A (en) | 1993-12-21 | 1995-02-14 | Eli Lilly Company | Methods of inhibiting the symptoms of premenstrual syndrome/late luteal phase dysphoric disorder |
| US5552415A (en) | 1993-12-21 | 1996-09-03 | Eli Lilly And Company | Method of inhibiting Alzheimer's Disease |
| US5434166A (en) | 1994-08-22 | 1995-07-18 | Eli Lilly And Company | Methods of inhibiting demyelinating and desmyelinating diseases |
| US5512296A (en) | 1994-08-22 | 1996-04-30 | Eli Lilly And Company | Methods for inhibiting neuronal damage |
| JP4111352B2 (ja) | 1996-05-21 | 2008-07-02 | 新日鐵住金ステンレス株式会社 | ステンレス鋼の高清浄化精錬法 |
-
1993
- 1993-12-21 US US08/171,388 patent/US6417198B1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1994
- 1994-12-19 EP EP94309470A patent/EP0659413B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1994-12-19 JP JP6314558A patent/JPH07196502A/ja active Pending
- 1994-12-19 IL IL11204594A patent/IL112045A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1994-12-19 ZA ZA9410082A patent/ZA9410082B/xx unknown
- 1994-12-19 AU AU81562/94A patent/AU692491B2/en not_active Ceased
- 1994-12-19 PT PT94309470T patent/PT659413E/pt unknown
- 1994-12-19 NZ NZ270181A patent/NZ270181A/xx unknown
- 1994-12-19 SI SI9430401T patent/SI0659413T1/xx unknown
- 1994-12-19 PH PH49591A patent/PH31328A/en unknown
- 1994-12-19 CA CA002138459A patent/CA2138459A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 1994-12-19 DE DE69428665T patent/DE69428665T2/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1994-12-19 CN CN94119267A patent/CN1107332A/zh active Pending
- 1994-12-19 NO NO944929A patent/NO944929L/no not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1994-12-19 UA UA94129190A patent/UA27004C2/uk unknown
- 1994-12-19 CZ CZ19943225A patent/CZ288503B6/cs not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1994-12-19 HU HU9403679A patent/HUT71329A/hu unknown
- 1994-12-19 RU RU94045277A patent/RU2138261C1/ru active
- 1994-12-19 AT AT94309470T patent/ATE206920T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1994-12-19 DK DK94309470T patent/DK0659413T3/da active
- 1994-12-19 KR KR1019940034933A patent/KR950016742A/ko not_active Ceased
- 1994-12-19 ES ES94309470T patent/ES2162845T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1995
- 1995-04-28 US US08/432,438 patent/US5663184A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| US5663184A (en) | 1997-09-02 |
| DE69428665T2 (de) | 2002-07-11 |
| HU9403679D0 (en) | 1995-02-28 |
| ZA9410082B (en) | 1996-06-19 |
| JPH07196502A (ja) | 1995-08-01 |
| AU692491B2 (en) | 1998-06-11 |
| AU8156294A (en) | 1995-06-29 |
| KR950016742A (ko) | 1995-07-20 |
| CZ288503B6 (cs) | 2001-07-11 |
| CA2138459A1 (en) | 1995-06-22 |
| HUT71329A (en) | 1995-11-28 |
| NZ270181A (en) | 1997-08-22 |
| EP0659413A2 (en) | 1995-06-28 |
| IL112045A0 (en) | 1995-03-15 |
| PH31328A (en) | 1998-07-06 |
| RU94045277A (ru) | 1996-11-10 |
| DE69428665D1 (de) | 2001-11-22 |
| IL112045A (en) | 1999-03-12 |
| SI0659413T1 (en) | 2002-04-30 |
| DK0659413T3 (da) | 2001-12-03 |
| EP0659413A3 (en) | 1995-10-11 |
| PT659413E (pt) | 2002-02-28 |
| UA27004C2 (uk) | 2000-02-28 |
| ES2162845T3 (es) | 2002-01-16 |
| US6417198B1 (en) | 2002-07-09 |
| RU2138261C1 (ru) | 1999-09-27 |
| EP0659413B1 (en) | 2001-10-17 |
| ATE206920T1 (de) | 2001-11-15 |
| NO944929D0 (no) | 1994-12-19 |
| NO944929L (no) | 1995-06-22 |
| CZ322594A3 (en) | 1995-08-16 |
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