CN110901098A - A kind of forming method of special-shaped tubular composite material parts - Google Patents
A kind of forming method of special-shaped tubular composite material parts Download PDFInfo
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- CN110901098A CN110901098A CN201911165250.XA CN201911165250A CN110901098A CN 110901098 A CN110901098 A CN 110901098A CN 201911165250 A CN201911165250 A CN 201911165250A CN 110901098 A CN110901098 A CN 110901098A
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- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 65
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 45
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000002955 isolation Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical group O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000004806 packaging method and process Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000004820 Pressure-sensitive adhesive Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000006004 Quartz sand Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005056 compaction Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000003292 glue Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920002472 Starch Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000006229 carbon black Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010440 gypsum Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052602 gypsum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000012188 paraffin wax Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000013040 rubber vulcanization Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000008107 starch Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000019698 starch Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000007872 degassing Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 239000011325 microbead Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 5
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Images
Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C70/00—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts
- B29C70/04—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts comprising reinforcements only, e.g. self-reinforcing plastics
- B29C70/28—Shaping operations therefor
- B29C70/30—Shaping by lay-up, i.e. applying fibres, tape or broadsheet on a mould, former or core; Shaping by spray-up, i.e. spraying of fibres on a mould, former or core
- B29C70/34—Shaping by lay-up, i.e. applying fibres, tape or broadsheet on a mould, former or core; Shaping by spray-up, i.e. spraying of fibres on a mould, former or core and shaping or impregnating by compression, i.e. combined with compressing after the lay-up operation
- B29C70/342—Shaping by lay-up, i.e. applying fibres, tape or broadsheet on a mould, former or core; Shaping by spray-up, i.e. spraying of fibres on a mould, former or core and shaping or impregnating by compression, i.e. combined with compressing after the lay-up operation using isostatic pressure
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C70/00—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts
- B29C70/04—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts comprising reinforcements only, e.g. self-reinforcing plastics
- B29C70/28—Shaping operations therefor
- B29C70/54—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations, e.g. feeding or storage of prepregs or SMC after impregnation or during ageing
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29L—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS B29C, RELATING TO PARTICULAR ARTICLES
- B29L2023/00—Tubular articles
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Composite Materials (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Moulds For Moulding Plastics Or The Like (AREA)
- Casting Or Compression Moulding Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)
Abstract
一种异形管状复合材料零件的成型方法，所属复合材料成型技术领域，包含步骤：(1)橡胶气囊及铺叠模的制造，(2)坯料的铺叠、转移及橡胶气囊的还原，(3)固化及脱模；本发明方法利用阴模保证外型面质量，在制造过程中通过橡胶气囊与可溶性芯模的配合形成刚性铺叠模，再通过橡胶气囊内腔中可溶性芯模的移除以及橡胶气囊高温高压下的膨胀加压来保证内型面质量，并且利用橡胶气囊负压下的收缩行为轻松实现脱模过程，以达到同时兼具较高的内部和外部型面质量；本发明利用橡胶气囊真空环境下的收缩变形，实现异形管状复合材料零件的脱模过程，工艺简单、适用于大多数管状复合材料零件的制造过程。A method for forming a special-shaped tubular composite material part, belonging to the technical field of composite material forming, comprising the steps of: (1) manufacturing a rubber air bag and a layup mold, (2) laying up and transferring a blank and restoring the rubber air bag, (3) ) curing and demoulding; the method of the present invention utilizes the negative mold to ensure the quality of the outer surface, and forms a rigid layup mold through the cooperation of the rubber air bag and the soluble core mold during the manufacturing process, and then removes the soluble core mold in the inner cavity of the rubber air bag. And the expansion and pressure of the rubber airbag under high temperature and high pressure to ensure the quality of the inner profile, and the use of the shrinkage behavior under the negative pressure of the rubber airbag to easily realize the demoulding process, so as to achieve both high internal and external profile quality at the same time; the present invention Using the shrinkage deformation of the rubber airbag in the vacuum environment, the demoulding process of the special-shaped tubular composite parts is realized, and the process is simple and suitable for the manufacturing process of most tubular composite parts.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of composite material forming, and particularly relates to a forming method of a special-shaped tubular composite material part.
Background
The composite material has the characteristics of light weight, high strength, excellent corrosion resistance, fatigue resistance and the like, is widely applied to a skin type structure with a simple profile structure and a small profile curvature, and according to the requirement of service conditions, the composite material part only needs to ensure that a matching surface or a functional surface (such as a pneumatic surface of an aviation composite material) has high profile quality so as to meet the requirements of the use of the composite material and the assembly among the parts. In recent years, with the continuous expansion of the application field of composite materials, particularly the aerospace and rail transit fields, the usage amount of the skin structure is gradually increased, and the composite materials are gradually replaced for the special-shaped tubular parts made of metal materials, so that the excellent weight reduction effect is achieved. Aiming at common special-shaped tubular composite materials, such as exhaust pipes of locomotives, the quality of the outer profile is often required only to be higher so as to meet the assembly requirement, and the quality requirement of the outer profile can be met only by matching a combined female die with a vacuum barrel bag during manufacturing; for the special-shaped pipeline, the smooth transmission of gas or liquid is ensured by the high quality of the inner molded surface, and the requirement on the quality of the inner molded surface can be met by matching a combined male die with prepreg to be laid and cured.
However, for more structurally complex shaped tubular composite parts, such as air intakes for aircraft, there is a need for a combination of high internal and external profile qualities. At present, the composite material is manufactured by adopting a method of matching a soluble core mould with a metal female mould or matching the metal female mould with a vacuum cylinder bag, but in the former method, due to the damage of an isolation material under high temperature and high pressure, soluble core mould powder is easy to permeate into a blank to influence the internal quality of the composite material; the vacuum barrel bag has the advantages that the pressurizing effect of the bridging interference part is easily generated in the vacuum barrel bag in the pressurizing process, the internal quality of the part is affected, the problems of wrinkling or resin enrichment of the inner profile of the part and the like are caused due to the poor pressurizing effect, and the quality requirement of the inner profile of the part cannot be met. Thus, with the continued expansion of composite applications that have stringent requirements for both internal and external profile quality, more efficient forming methods are needed to ensure the quality of profiled tubular composite parts.
Disclosure of Invention
The method aims to solve the problem that the quality requirements of the inner and outer molded surfaces of the composite material member cannot be met simultaneously due to poor pressurizing effect in the existing forming method. The invention provides a molding method of a special-shaped tubular composite part, which utilizes a female die to ensure the quality of an outer molded surface, forms a rigid overlaying die by matching a rubber air bag and a soluble core die in the manufacturing process, ensures the quality of the inner molded surface by removing the soluble core die in the inner cavity of the rubber air bag and expanding and pressurizing the rubber air bag at high temperature and high pressure, and utilizes the contraction behavior of the rubber air bag under negative pressure to easily realize the demolding process so as to achieve the purpose of simultaneously having higher quality of the inner molded surface and the outer molded surface, and the specific technical scheme comprises the following steps:
step 1, manufacturing a rubber air bag and a paving and stacking mold:
(1) laying a layer of sheet unvulcanized rubber on the surface of an inner cavity of a rubber air bag forming die, wherein the lap joint width of a splicing part is 12.7-25.4 mm, sequentially laying a non-porous isolating film, an air felt and a vacuum bag in the inner cavity of the rubber air bag forming die, turning outwards the exposed parts of the two ends of the non-porous isolating film, the air felt and the vacuum bag, integrally coating the non-porous isolating film, the air felt and the vacuum bag together with the rubber air bag forming die, vulcanizing and forming the sheet unvulcanized rubber, and demoulding to obtain the rubber air bag;
(2) sealing one side of the formed tubular hollow rubber air bag, pouring the uniformly mixed soluble core mold material subjected to negative pressure defoaming into the inner cavity of the rubber air bag to ensure that the soluble core mold material is tightly filled, preparing a soluble core mold after the soluble core mold material is hardened, and forming a stacking mold together with the rubber air bag;
(1) laying a layer of non-porous isolating membrane on the surface of a laying die, wherein the splicing gap at the splicing position is less than 12.7mm, bonding and fixing by using a pressure sensitive adhesive tape, laying prepreg according to the laying design of the special-shaped tubular composite part, laying 3 layers of prepreg every time, carrying out vacuum compaction for not less than 30min, removing air mixed between layers in the laying process of the prepreg, and preparing a tubular composite part blank after laying the prepreg;
(2) integrally transferring the tubular composite part blank together with the laying die into a tubular part forming die, destabilizing a soluble core die by adopting a core removing method, removing the soluble core die in the inner cavity of the rubber air bag, and reducing the rubber air bag to form a tubular composite part blank + rubber air bag system;
sequentially plugging the air permeable felt and the vacuum bag into an inner cavity of the rubber air bag, the surface of which is coated with the tubular composite part blank, turning the exposed parts at two sides outwards, and integrally coating the exposed parts together with a tubular part forming die to form a 'female die + tubular composite part blank + rubber air bag + nonporous isolating film + air permeable felt + vacuum bag' packaging system, sealing one end of the rubber air bag after curing and removing packaging, and vacuumizing the other end of the rubber air bag, so that the demolding process of the tubular composite part can be realized through the shrinkage deformation of the rubber air bag;
the above molding method for the special-shaped tubular composite material part is characterized in that:
in the step 1(1), the rubber air bag forming die is a metal female die, the roughness is 1.6-3.2, and the size of the molded surface is reduced according to the size of an inner cavity of the tubular part, the thermal expansion coefficient of a forming die material and rubber vulcanization temperature parameters;
in the step 1(1), the temperature for vulcanizing and molding the flaky unvulcanized rubber is 176 +/-5 ℃, and the pressure is 0.4-0.7 MPa;
in the step 1(1), the long-term service temperature of the rubber air bag is higher than the curing temperature of the special-shaped tubular composite material part;
in the step 1(1), the size of the isolation film is required to be enough to completely isolate the sheet-shaped unvulcanized rubber from the air permeable felt and the vacuum bag;
in the step 1(1), the size of the air-permeable felt needs to meet the requirement that the rubber air bag forming die can be completely coated, and the edge of the tool is locally thickened;
in the step 1(1), the vacuum bag is spliced into a cylinder by the sealing rubber strips, the caliber of the vacuum bag is 20% larger than the size of the inner cavity of the rubber air bag forming die, and the size of the vacuum bag is required to be capable of completely coating the rubber air bag forming die;
in the step 1(1), the outline size of the rubber air bag is larger than that of the tubular composite material part, the thickness is larger than or equal to 1.59mm, and in an area with thickness variation or strict requirement on an R angle, a tool prepreg is locally added to increase the rigidity;
in the step 1(2), the soluble core mold material comprises a filler and a setting agent, the filler is one or more of quartz sand, white carbon black, hollow glass beads and chopped fibers, and the setting agent is one of water-soluble salt, starch glue, gypsum and paraffin;
in the step 2(1), the thickness of the pressure-sensitive adhesive tape is 0.064 mm;
in the step 2(2), the tubular part forming die is a metal female die, the roughness is 1.6-3.2, and the size of the molded surface is reduced according to the external dimension of the tubular part, the thermal expansion coefficient of the forming die and the curing temperature parameter of the part;
in the step 2(2), the core removing method selects one or more media of alkali liquor, water, high-pressure water and steam to wash the soluble core mold material;
in the step 3, the size of the ventilated felt needs to meet the requirement that the tubular part forming die can be completely coated, and the edge of the tool is locally thickened;
in step 3, the size of the vacuum bag is required to be enough to completely cover the tubular part forming die.
Compared with the prior art, the forming method of the special-shaped tubular composite part has the beneficial effects that:
the rubber air bag manufactured by the invention has the advantages of good quality of the outer molded surface, high reuse rate, uniform and obvious pressurization effect and the like, and can solve the problems of poor quality of the inner molded surface, low stability of part batch production and the like of the traditional special-shaped tubular composite material molding method.
The invention uses the core mould material and the rubber air bag to make the paving mould, the material and the manufacturing cost are far lower than the wooden or metal male mould used in the prior art.
By manufacturing the laying die and performing core stripping treatment on the soluble core die, the problems that blanks are not easy to lay, female dies are not easy to close and the like in the traditional special-shaped tubular composite material forming method are solved, the laying difficulty is reduced, the laying period is shortened, and the die closing risk is avoided.
The invention realizes the demolding process of the special-shaped tubular composite material part by utilizing the shrinkage deformation of the rubber air bag in the vacuum environment, has simple process and is suitable for the manufacturing process of most tubular composite material parts.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a rubber bladder molding package according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a stacking module according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a molding package of a tubular component according to an embodiment of the present invention;
in the figure: 1-rubber air bag forming die, 2-sheet unvulcanized rubber, 3-nonporous isolating film, 4-ventilated felt, 5-vacuum bag, 6-rubber air bag, 7-soluble core die, 8-prepreg, 9-tubular part forming die and 10-tubular composite part blank.
Detailed Description
The disclosure of the present technology, including the structural form and the forming method of the rubber air bag, the structural form of the lay-up die, the manufacturing method, and the demolding method of the special-shaped tubular composite material part, should be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.
For further illustration and not limitation of the above-described implementation of the present invention, a typical method for forming an S-shaped tubular composite part with a closed angle structure is taken as an example and the present invention is further described with reference to fig. 1-3, wherein the following details are as follows:
a forming method of a special-shaped tubular composite part comprises the following steps:
(1) a sheet-like unvulcanized rubber 2(AIRPAD) is laid on the surface of a rubber bladder forming mold 1 (made of aluminum, 2A12T4) with a lap width of
Adding a layer of tooling prepreg (TOOLMASTER PR) to the locally reinforced regionEPREG), and then sequentially laying a layer of non-porous isolating membrane 3(WL5200), air-permeable felt 4(AIRWEAVE N10) and vacuum bag 5(IPPLON DPT1000) in the inner cavity of the rubber air bag forming die 1, as shown in figure 1;
turning over the imperforate isolating membrane 3, the air felt 4 and the vacuum bag 5 at the end part, integrally coating the isolating membrane, the air felt and the vacuum bag together with the rubber air bag forming die 1, completing the vulcanization forming of the sheet unvulcanized rubber 2 under the conditions of 176 ℃ and 0.5MPa to form the rubber air bag, wherein the thickness of the rubber air bag is
(2) Sealing one side of the rubber air bag 6, uniformly mixing a setting agent (modified corn starch glue) and fillers (quartz sand and hollow glass beads) and defoaming the mixture under negative pressure to form a soluble core mold blank, pouring the soluble core mold blank into the inner cavity of the rubber air bag 6 to ensure that the soluble core mold blank is tightly filled, and then hardening the soluble core mold blank for 4.5 hours under the action of normal temperature and normal pressure to prepare a soluble core mold 7 which forms a laying mold together with the rubber air bag 6;
a layer of non-porous isolating membrane 3(WL5200) is paved on the surface of the paving and laminating mould, and the splicing gap at the splicing position is
Bonding and fixing the prepreg with a pressure sensitive adhesive tape (FLASHBREAKER 1), and then paving the prepreg 8 according to the laying design of the composite material part, as shown in FIG. 2; ensuring vacuum compaction of three layers of prepreg per lay-up 8
After the prepreg 8 is laid, a tubular composite part blank 10 is manufactured;
(3) the tubular composite part blank 10 and the paving die are integrally transferred into a tubular part forming die 9 (made of aluminum, 2A12T4), water (25-65 ℃) is adopted as a medium to perform decoring treatment on a soluble core die 7 in the rubber airbag 6, so that the soluble core die material is unstable, the soluble core die 7 in the inner cavity of the rubber airbag 6 is removed, and the rubber airbag 6 is reduced;
(4) sequentially plugging a layer of breathable felt 4(AIRWEAVE N10) and a vacuum bag 5(IPPLON DPT1000) into the inner cavity of the rubber air bag 6, turning the end part outwards and integrally coating the end part with a tubular part forming die 9 to form a packaging system of the tubular part forming die 9+ a tubular composite part blank 10+ a non-porous isolating film 3+ the rubber air bag 6+ the breathable felt 4+ the vacuum bag 5, as shown in FIG. 3; and after curing, dismantling and packaging, sealing one end of the rubber air bag 6, and vacuumizing the other end of the rubber air bag 6 to realize the demolding process of the tubular composite material part through the shrinkage deformation of the rubber air bag 6.
Claims (10)
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Cited By (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN111959002A (en) * | 2020-07-02 | 2020-11-20 | 林书伟 | Method for manufacturing bicycle parts made of composite materials |
| CN112549261A (en) * | 2020-11-30 | 2021-03-26 | 郑州坤泽商品混凝土有限公司 | Blank making mold for concrete hollow brick made of concrete |
| CN112721246A (en) * | 2020-12-29 | 2021-04-30 | 宁波复升新材料科技有限公司 | Manufacturing method of carbon fiber composite exhaust pipe |
| CN112895518A (en) * | 2021-03-31 | 2021-06-04 | 陕西天翌天线股份有限公司 | Forming method of unmanned aerial vehicle air inlet channel part |
| CN113183486A (en) * | 2021-05-17 | 2021-07-30 | 陕西天翌天线股份有限公司 | Composite product preparation tool and preparation method thereof |
| CN114030217A (en) * | 2021-11-29 | 2022-02-11 | 航天特种材料及工艺技术研究所 | Cylindrical nano heat-insulating material and preparation method thereof |
| CN115592977A (en) * | 2022-10-12 | 2023-01-13 | 沈阳飞机工业（集团）有限公司（Cn） | Forming tooling for special-shaped closed-cavity structural parts of composite materials and its application method |
| CN119036884A (en) * | 2024-08-13 | 2024-11-29 | 上海复合材料科技有限公司 | Forming and processing method, system and equipment for high-temperature-resistant composite material special-shaped pipeline |
| CN119748907A (en) * | 2024-11-22 | 2025-04-04 | 哈尔滨飞机工业集团有限责任公司 | A method for forming an integral tandem composite hollow skeleton |
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| CN114030217A (en) * | 2021-11-29 | 2022-02-11 | 航天特种材料及工艺技术研究所 | Cylindrical nano heat-insulating material and preparation method thereof |
| CN114030217B (en) * | 2021-11-29 | 2023-06-20 | 航天特种材料及工艺技术研究所 | A kind of tubular nano heat insulation material and preparation method thereof |
| CN115592977A (en) * | 2022-10-12 | 2023-01-13 | 沈阳飞机工业（集团）有限公司（Cn） | Forming tooling for special-shaped closed-cavity structural parts of composite materials and its application method |
| CN115592977B (en) * | 2022-10-12 | 2025-04-25 | 沈阳飞机工业（集团）有限公司 | A composite material special-shaped closed-cavity structural part forming tool and use method |
| CN119036884A (en) * | 2024-08-13 | 2024-11-29 | 上海复合材料科技有限公司 | Forming and processing method, system and equipment for high-temperature-resistant composite material special-shaped pipeline |
| CN119748907A (en) * | 2024-11-22 | 2025-04-04 | 哈尔滨飞机工业集团有限责任公司 | A method for forming an integral tandem composite hollow skeleton |
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Application publication date: 20200324 |