CN111753691A - Method, equipment and system for detecting and controlling gasification furnace - Google Patents
Method, equipment and system for detecting and controlling gasification furnace Download PDFInfo
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- CN111753691A CN111753691A CN202010541946.4A CN202010541946A CN111753691A CN 111753691 A CN111753691 A CN 111753691A CN 202010541946 A CN202010541946 A CN 202010541946A CN 111753691 A CN111753691 A CN 111753691A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
- C10J3/72—Other features
- C10J3/723—Controlling or regulating the gasification process
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
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- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10J2200/00—Details of gasification apparatus
- C10J2200/15—Details of feeding means
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
- C10J2300/09—Details of the feed, e.g. feeding of spent catalyst, inert gas or halogens
- C10J2300/0913—Carbonaceous raw material
- C10J2300/0916—Biomass
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Abstract
The invention provides a method, equipment and a system for detecting and controlling a gasification furnace, wherein the method comprises the following steps: receiving at least one frame of gasification furnace throat image shot continuously; analyzing pixel point data in at least one frame of gasifier throat image, and determining characteristic data corresponding to combustion detection parameters in the gasifier according to an analysis result; and determining combustion detection parameters in the gasification furnace according to the characteristic data, and controlling equipment for assisting the biomass fuel to combust in the gasification furnace according to the detection parameters in the gasification furnace. The method can optimize the air distribution condition of the throat of the gasification furnace, improve the combustion condition of pyrolysis gas and tar, effectively improve the judgment accuracy rate of the section temperature of the throat, and reduce the occurrence of uneven phenomena of a cold area and combustion, thereby improving the gasification rate and the fuel gas heat value of the system, also intuitively reflecting the biomass charcoal rate conveyed to the gasification furnace by a feeding system, and effectively improving the variable load response speed of the biomass gasification furnace by combining with the adjustment of air supply equipment.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of gasification furnace combustion power generation, in particular to a method, equipment and a system for detecting and controlling a gasification furnace.
Background
At present, two main ways exist for thermal power generation by fuel: one is power generation by burning coal fuel through a traditional boiler burner, and the other is power generation by burning biomass pyrolysis gas, wherein the biomass pyrolysis gas is burnt to generate power by converting biomass raw materials into H-containing materials by a thermochemical method2、CH4The method is characterized by small unit scale, less equipment investment, short construction period and quick load change response, and is particularly suitable for application scenes of distributed power generation.
The biomass raw materials are subjected to pyrolysis and gasification processes in a gasification system in sequence, wherein energy required by gasification is provided by high-temperature flue gas generated by combustion of pyrolysis gas, the residence time of the pyrolysis gas at a throat of the gasification furnace is less than 2 seconds, and insufficient combustion can be caused by insufficient air supply or uneven air distribution; and excessive air supply can reduce the temperature of the throat, dilute high-temperature smoke and deteriorate the tar burnout effect. Therefore, the method for timely knowing the combustion state of the pyrolysis gas in the gasification furnace is the key for predicting the generated heat value and the tar content of the biomass fuel, but the parameters are difficult to detect at present.
The existing combustion temperature measurement mode of the traditional boiler is to arrange a thermocouple for temperature measurement, the method is used for detecting the combustion temperature of biomass, and the characteristic that pyrolysis gas is combusted in space cannot be well detected due to the fact that large thermal inertia exists at the edge of a combustion furnace.
In the prior art, a flame signal is generally divided into ultraviolet light, infrared light and visible light through a spectral separator and is respectively used for flame monitoring, flame temperature measurement and flame combustion image monitoring, but the flame color and the radiation wavelength are different due to different components of traditional pulverized coal and biomass fuel, wherein the content of volatile components of the biomass fuel is higher, generally 60% -70%, most of the volatile components are multi-carbon long chains and tar with the boiling point higher than that of benzene, and the content of the fuel coal is generally about 30%, so the radiation intensity of the volatile flame is different; in biomass fuel, particularly agricultural wastes such as rice husks and straws, the content of alkali metals such as Cl and K, Na is higher than that of coal, and about 30% of alkali metals are released along with pyrolysis gas in a pyrolysis stage, so that the radiation wavelength distribution of volatile components is different, and the detected flame color is different; and the combustion environment and scene of traditional buggy and biomass fuel are different, coal fired boiler utilizes metal water-cooling wall to absorb flame radiation usually, considers the restriction of metal material, and furnace volume design is great, and flame is comparatively concentrated in the furnace middle part, and low temperature zone distinguishes the boundary obviously with the high temperature, and it is comparatively convenient to detect, and biomass gasification stove for making tar burn at the throat section and exhaust, and thick refractory castable has laid on the throat wall, can be similar to adiabatic furnace, and the cross-sectional area design is less, so the whole heat load of throat section is higher, and the flame frontal face discernment degree of difficulty is big. In addition, the coal-fired boiler adopts the form of primary air powder feeding and suspension combustion in a pulverized coal furnace, and after the adjustment instructions are sent to the powder feeder and the air feeder, the load in the furnace can quickly respond; in the biomass gasification process, the time required for complete release of volatile components by pyrolysis of the raw materials is long, and the time delay from the decomposition of the biomass raw materials to the release of pyrolysis gas and the entrance of biomass semicoke into the gasification furnace is long, so that the generation speed of the pyrolysis gas is difficult to control.
Therefore, the conventional combustion detection method of the boiler at present is not suitable for being applied to the internal detection of the biomass gasification furnace, and the detection method needs to be redesigned according to the specific combustion environment in the biomass gasification furnace.
Disclosure of Invention
The embodiment of the invention provides a method and a system for detecting and controlling a gasification furnace and the gasification furnace, which are used for solving the problems that the combustion state of pyrolysis gas in the gasification furnace cannot be known in time, the time delay exists from the decomposition of biomass raw materials to the release of the pyrolysis gas and the entrance of biomass semi-coke into the gasification furnace, and the generation speed of the pyrolysis gas is difficult to control in the prior art.
The invention provides a method for detecting and controlling a gasification furnace in a first aspect, which comprises the following steps:
receiving at least one frame of gasification furnace throat image shot continuously;
analyzing pixel point data in the at least one frame of gasification furnace throat image, and determining characteristic data corresponding to combustion detection parameters in the gasification furnace according to an analysis result;
and determining combustion detection parameters in the gasifier according to the characteristic data, and controlling equipment for assisting the biomass fuel to combust in the gasifier according to the detection parameters in the gasifier.
Optionally, the determining, according to the characteristic data, a combustion detection parameter in the gasifier, where the characteristic data includes gray scale distribution of pixels in the image and/or black point pixels, includes:
acquiring at least one frame of gasifier throat image, carrying out average processing on the at least one frame of gasifier throat image, carrying out gray level conversion on the image after the average processing, comparing the gray level value of each pixel point in the image after the gray level conversion with the gray level average value of each pixel point, and determining the gasifier throat air flow parameter according to the number of the pixel points lower than the gray level average value and the whole number threshold; and/or
The method comprises the steps of obtaining at least one frame of gasifier throat image, determining the blanking rate of biomass fuel in a gasifier according to the number of black point pixel points in the image, and determining gasifier feeding rate parameters according to the blanking rate and the blanking rate interval.
Optionally, controlling the operation of the gasification furnace according to the detection parameters in the gasification furnace includes:
adjusting the flow of the air sprayed by a burner of the throat of the gasification furnace by utilizing the air flow parameter of the throat of the gasification furnace; and/or
And adjusting the motor rotating speed of a feeding auger for feeding the biomass fuel into the throat of the gasification furnace by utilizing the gasification furnace feeding speed parameter.
Optionally, analyzing the pixel point data in the at least one frame of gasifier throat image includes:
carrying out average processing on the at least one frame of gasification furnace throat image;
adjusting the size of the image after the average processing to be a square circumscribed with the section of the throat of the gasification furnace;
dividing the square picture into a grid of n x n, wherein n is a positive integer;
and respectively calculating the gray value in each grid in the throat section, and determining the average gray value of the image after the average processing by using the gray value of each grid.
Optionally, the performing gray scale conversion on the averaged image includes:
the gradation conversion is performed using the following formula:
and Gray is 0.3R + 0G + 0.7B, the Gray is a Gray value, the R is a red value, the G is a green value, and the B is a blue value.
Optionally, the analyzing the pixel point data in the at least one frame of gasifier throat image, and determining the feature data corresponding to the combustion detection parameter in the gasifier according to the analysis result, further includes:
averaging the at least one frame of gasification furnace throat image, performing gray level conversion on the averaged image, and dividing the gray level converted image into at least one gray level detection area, wherein the gray level detection area comprises at least one detection subarea;
and determining a throat air flow parameter corresponding to the gray detection area when the number of gray values of pixel points in at least one detection partition, which are lower than the gray average value, is larger than the partition number threshold value in the gray detection area.
Optionally, dividing the image after the gray scale conversion into at least one gray scale detection region, where the gray scale detection region includes at least one detection partition, includes:
dividing the image after gray level conversion into four quadrants: the detection device comprises a first quadrant gray detection area, a second quadrant gray detection area, a third quadrant gray detection area and a fourth quadrant gray detection area, wherein the gray detection areas are divided into at least one detection subarea by taking preset radius lengths as subarea boundaries.
A second aspect of the present invention provides an apparatus for detecting and controlling a gasification furnace, the apparatus comprising:
the throat image acquisition device is used for receiving at least one frame of gasification furnace throat image shot continuously;
the throat image analysis device is used for analyzing pixel point data in the at least one frame of gasification furnace throat image and determining characteristic data corresponding to combustion detection parameters in the gasification furnace according to an analysis result;
and the gasifier control device is used for determining combustion detection parameters in the gasifier according to the characteristic data and controlling equipment for assisting the biomass fuel to combust in the gasifier according to the detection parameters in the gasifier.
Optionally, the characteristic data includes gray scale distribution of pixels in the image and/or black pixel, and the throat image analysis device determines the combustion detection parameters in the gasifier according to the characteristic data, including:
acquiring at least one frame of gasifier throat image, carrying out average processing on the at least one frame of gasifier throat image, carrying out gray level conversion on the image after the average processing, comparing the gray level value of each pixel point in the image after the gray level conversion with the gray level average value of each pixel point, and determining the gasifier throat air flow parameter according to the number of the pixel points lower than the gray level average value and the whole number threshold; and/or
The method comprises the steps of obtaining at least one frame of gasifier throat image, determining the blanking rate of biomass fuel in a gasifier according to the number of black point pixel points in the image, and determining gasifier feeding rate parameters according to the blanking rate and the blanking rate interval.
Optionally, the gasifier control device controls the operation of the gasifier according to the detection parameters in the gasifier, and includes:
adjusting the flow of the air sprayed by a burner of the throat of the gasification furnace by utilizing the air flow parameter of the throat of the gasification furnace; and/or
And adjusting the motor rotating speed of a feeding auger for feeding the biomass fuel into the throat of the gasification furnace by utilizing the gasification furnace feeding speed parameter.
Optionally, the throat image analysis device analyzes the pixel point data in the at least one frame of gasifier throat image, and includes:
carrying out average processing on the at least one frame of gasification furnace throat image;
adjusting the size of the image after the average processing to be a square circumscribed with the section of the throat of the gasification furnace;
dividing the square picture into a grid of n x n, wherein n is a positive integer;
and respectively calculating the gray value in each grid in the throat section, and determining the average gray value of the image after the average processing by using the gray value of each grid.
Optionally, the laryngeal image analysis device performs gray scale conversion on the averaged image, and includes:
the gradation conversion is performed using the following formula:
and Gray is 0.3R + 0G + 0.7B, the Gray is a Gray value, the R is a red value, the G is a green value, and the B is a blue value.
Optionally, the throat image analysis device analyzes the pixel point data in the at least one frame of gasifier throat image, and determines the feature data corresponding to the combustion detection parameter in the gasifier according to the analysis result, further comprising:
averaging the at least one frame of gasification furnace throat image, performing gray level conversion on the averaged image, and dividing the gray level converted image into at least one gray level detection area, wherein the gray level detection area comprises at least one detection subarea;
and determining a throat air flow parameter corresponding to the gray detection area when the number of gray values of pixel points in at least one detection partition, which are lower than the gray average value, is larger than the partition number threshold value in the gray detection area.
Optionally, the laryngeal image analysis device divides the image after the gray scale conversion into at least one gray scale detection region, where the gray scale detection region includes at least one detection partition, and includes:
dividing the image after gray level conversion into four quadrants: the detection device comprises a first quadrant gray detection area, a second quadrant gray detection area, a third quadrant gray detection area and a fourth quadrant gray detection area, wherein the gray detection areas are divided into at least one detection subarea by taking preset radius lengths as subarea boundaries.
In a third aspect, the present invention provides a system for detecting and controlling a gasification furnace, the system comprising any one of the apparatuses for detecting and controlling a gasification furnace according to the second aspect of the present invention.
A fourth aspect of the present invention provides a gasification furnace, including:
the camera device is used for receiving a shooting instruction to shoot an image of the throat of the gasification furnace;
the cooling device is used for receiving a cooling instruction so as to enable the temperature of the camera device to be in a normal working range;
the air feeder is used for providing air preheated by the air preheater to the throat of the gasification furnace and adjusting the air flow sprayed into the throat by receiving an air flow instruction;
the storage bin is used for storing biomass raw materials;
the feeding auger is used for conveying the biomass raw material in the storage bin to the throat of the gasification furnace;
the jacketed pyrolysis cylinder is used for carrying out pyrolysis treatment on the biomass raw material in the process of conveying the biomass raw material by the feeding auger;
and the gasification furnace throat is used for combusting by utilizing air provided by the air blower and pyrolysis gas generated in the pyrolysis treatment process.
A fifth aspect of the invention provides a computer storage medium having stored thereon a computer program which, when executed by a processor, performs any of the methods provided by the first aspect of the invention.
The method provided by the invention can optimize the air distribution condition of the throat of the gasification furnace, improve the combustion condition of pyrolysis gas and tar, effectively improve the judgment accuracy rate of the section temperature of the throat, reduce the occurrence of uneven phenomena of a cold area and combustion, improve the gasification rate of the system and the heat value of fuel gas, visually reflect the biomass charcoal rate conveyed to the gasification furnace by the feeding system, and effectively improve the variable load response speed of the biomass gasification furnace by combining with the adjustment of air supply equipment.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a gasification furnace;
FIG. 2 is a flow chart of the steps of a method of detecting and controlling a gasifier;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a gasification furnace throat image partitioning method;
FIG. 4 illustrates a gray level detection region and detection partition division;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of a cross-section of the air supply of the throat of a gasification furnace;
fig. 6 is a view showing an apparatus for detecting and controlling a gasification furnace.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present application clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present application, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some embodiments of the present application, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present application.
The embodiments of the application are described in further detail below with reference to the drawings of the specification. It is to be understood that the embodiments described herein are merely illustrative and explanatory of the application and are not restrictive thereof.
The biomass power generation is used as a carbon-neutral clean energy utilization technology, is widely applied to replacing traditional fossil fuel units such as coal combustion and the like, and is an environment-friendly technical means for consuming agricultural and forestry wastes, and the theory and practice repeatedly verify that the emission of CO2 can be effectively reduced. Particularly, the biomass gasification power generation technology is matched with a gas internal combustion engine, has the advantages of high power generation efficiency, flexible unit scale, good fuel adaptability, short construction period and the like, solves the problems of difficult raw material storage and overhigh transportation cost of a biomass direct-fired power plant, and is expected to further promote the large-scale industrial economic utilization of biomass energy.
An embodiment of the present invention provides a gasification furnace, as shown in fig. 1, the gasification furnace includes:
the camera device 101 is used for receiving a shooting instruction to shoot an image of the throat of the gasification furnace;
a cooling device 102, configured to receive a cooling instruction, so that the temperature of the imaging device is in a normal operating range;
the blower 103 is used for providing air preheated by the air preheater to the throat of the gasification furnace and adjusting the air flow sprayed into the throat by receiving an air flow instruction;
a storage bin 104 for storing biomass feedstock;
the feeding auger 105 is used for conveying the biomass raw materials in the storage bin to the throat of the gasification furnace;
the jacketed pyrolysis cylinder 106 is used for carrying out pyrolysis treatment on the biomass raw material in the process of conveying the biomass raw material by the feeding auger;
and a gasification furnace throat 107 for burning the air supplied by the blower and the pyrolysis gas generated in the pyrolysis treatment process.
Optionally, the gasification furnace further comprises a control device 108 for sending control instructions to the various components in the gasification furnace.
Specifically, the image pickup Device 101 is installed on the top of the gasification furnace for flame monitoring, and the jacket-type mirror rod and the rod end lens are protected by the matching cooling Device 102 for good cooling, so that the temperature of the image pickup Device is in a normal working range, the image pickup Device 101 is a CCD (Charge-Coupled Device) camera with an ultraviolet filtering function, the image pickup Device 101 may also be a color camera, which may be a common color camera or a wide-angle color camera, and can be freely set by a person in the art, and is not described here any more, and is used for converting the acquired image information into an electrical signal and sending the electrical signal to the control Device 108, wherein the field angle of view of the CCD camera is α, and the cross-sectional area of the throat of the gasification furnace can be completely covered by adjusting the insertion depth of the mirror rod.
The control device 108 is composed of an industrial computer, a video signal I/O board card and a Distributed Control System (DCS), the video signal I/O board card is installed in the industrial computer and receives acquired image information, image analysis software and a control program are installed in the industrial computer, and a DCS control cabinet is connected with the industrial computer and receives signals output by the control program to control the size of a valve switch of the air feeder 103 and the rotation frequency of a motor of the feeding auger 105.
The gasifier further comprises an air preheater for preheating the injected air in advance, and the blower 103 further comprises at least one throat burner air nozzle and a flow regulating valve corresponding to the throat burner air nozzle.
The motor of the blower 103 is controlled in a variable frequency mode, the air supply flow is adjusted according to a DCS instruction sent by the control device 108 and controlled by a flow adjusting valve, a smoke inlet of the air preheater is connected with an outlet of the blower 103, an outlet of the air preheater is a main air supply pipe and is divided into at least one branch pipe near the gasification furnace, the branch pipes are provided with flow adjusting valves, and the flow adjusting valves are connected with corresponding combustor air nozzles.
The feeding auger 105 is driven by a motor capable of being adjusted through variable frequency, a feeding hole of the jacketed pyrolysis cylinder 106 is connected with a feeding pipe of the storage bin, and a discharging hole is in butt joint with a feeding hole at the upper part of a throat opening of the gasification furnace.
Under the set load of the control device 108, the feeding auger 105 rotates at a constant speed, biomass raw materials falling from the storage bin 104 enter the jacketed pyrolysis cylinder 106, pyrolysis reaction is carried out under the pushing of the feeding auger 105 to form biomass charcoal, a large amount of pyrolysis gas is released, the pyrolysis gas flows towards the throat of the gasification furnace under the action of the draught fan, and is oxidized and combusted with air preheated by the air preheater blown in by the air blower 103 at the throat, tar is consumed in the process, a large amount of high-temperature flue gas is generated, the high-temperature flue gas penetrates through a charcoal layer stacked on the grate of the gasification furnace, heat is absorbed, the biomass charcoal is subjected to reduction reaction, and the generated synthesis gasification gas is continuously used for combustion.
The energy required by gasification is provided by high-temperature flue gas generated by combustion of pyrolysis gas, the residence time of the pyrolysis gas at the throat of the gasification furnace is less than 2 seconds, and insufficient combustion can be caused by insufficient air supply or uneven air distribution; and excessive air supply can reduce the temperature of the throat, dilute high-temperature smoke and deteriorate the tar burnout effect. Therefore, the timely understanding of the combustion state of the pyrolysis gas in the gasification furnace is a key for predicting the generated heat value and the tar content of the biomass fuel, but the existing traditional combustion detection mode of the boiler is not suitable for being applied to the internal detection of the biomass gasification furnace, and the detection mode needs to be redesigned according to the specific combustion environment in the biomass gasification furnace.
The embodiment of the invention provides a method for detecting and controlling a gasification furnace, which comprises the following steps of:
step S201, receiving at least one frame of gasification furnace throat image shot continuously;
specifically, at least one gasification furnace throat image is continuously shot by using a CCD camera in the camera device, and the format of the image may be: JPEG, TIFF, RAW, BMP, GIF, PNG, etc.
The image output by the CCD camera is determined by its shooting parameters, and in this embodiment, the existing commonly used CCD camera is used, and its resolution is SVGA, that is, a rectangular image with an aspect ratio of 4:3 and pixels of 800 × 600 is output.
Step S202, analyzing pixel point data in the at least one frame of gasification furnace throat image, and determining characteristic data corresponding to combustion detection parameters in the gasification furnace according to an analysis result;
after at least one gasification furnace throat image is shot, the image is sent to image processing software, pixel point data in at least one frame of gasification furnace throat image is analyzed, and characteristic data corresponding to combustion detection parameters in a gasification furnace can be obtained in the analysis process;
as an optional implementation manner, the feature data includes a gray distribution of pixels in the image and/or black pixels;
the method comprises the steps of determining the combustion condition of flame of each part of a throat of a gasification furnace according to the gray distribution of pixel points in an image, determining the blanking rate of biomass of a fitted gasification furnace according to biomass charcoal, wherein the black pixel points represent the biomass charcoal formed by pyrolysis reaction through a pyrolysis cylinder and fall into the throat of the gasification furnace, and the number of the black pixel points in the image can be fitted with the blanking rate according to the biomass charcoal, namely the more the number of the black pixel points are displayed on the throat image of the gasification furnace, the faster the blanking rate of the fitted biomass is.
Determining the combustion detection parameters in the gasification furnace according to the characteristic data comprises the following steps:
acquiring at least one frame of gasifier throat image, carrying out average processing on the at least one frame of gasifier throat image, carrying out gray level conversion on the image after the average processing, comparing the gray level value of each pixel point in the image after the gray level conversion with the gray level average value of each pixel point, and determining the gasifier throat air flow parameter according to the number of the pixel points lower than the gray level average value and the whole number threshold;
the flame burning in the gasification furnace generally presents a bright and jumping form, and the condition of distortion is easy to occur simply by taking a flame image at a certain moment as a basis for combustion state analysis, the RGB values of a multi-frame gasification furnace throat image need to be smoothed by a moving average method, the processed image can represent the combustion flame condition of the gasification furnace throat, and the person skilled in the art should know that the image is processed by the moving average smoothing method, and details are not repeated here.
After the at least one frame of gasification furnace throat image is subjected to average processing, carrying out gray level conversion on the image, obtaining the gray level value of each pixel point in the image, and comparing the gray level value of each pixel point with the average value of the gasification furnace throat image;
as another optional implementation, at least one frame of gasifier throat image is obtained, the blanking rate of the biomass fuel in the gasifier is determined according to the number of black dot pixel points in the image, and the gasifier feeding rate parameter is determined according to the blanking rate and the blanking rate interval.
Determining the blanking rate in the gasification furnace at each moment according to the number of black point pixel points in the throat image of the at least one frame of gasification furnace, and adjusting the motor rotating speed of the feeding auger when the blanking rate is determined to be smaller than the blanking rate interval;
as an alternative embodiment, the image after the averaging process is subjected to gray scale conversion, which is performed by using the following formula:
and Gray is 0.3R + 0G + 0.7B, the Gray is a Gray value, the R is a red value, the G is a green value, and the B is a blue value.
Because the biomass fuel is rich in alkali metals and alkaline earth metals, about 30 percent of the biomass fuel migrates with pyrolysis gas in the pyrolysis stage, and the combustion flame at the throat of the gasification furnace generally presents bright yellow and purple. The bright yellow is mainly reflected by flame reaction presented by K element in biomass fuel because biomass fuel contains carbon organic matter, energy is released in combustion, and the purple is reflected by flame reaction presented by K element in biomass fuel, so that an ultraviolet filter is arranged in front of a CCD camera, under the conditions of better flame combustion condition and higher temperature, the purple light intensity in the throat area of a gasification furnace is higher, and when gray level conversion is carried out, the color RGB value is converted into the gray level G value, and the G value weight needs to be weakened and the B value weight needs to be increased.
As an optional implementation, the analysis of the pixel point data in the at least one frame of gasification furnace throat image may be a partition analysis manner as follows, as shown in fig. 3:
carrying out average processing on the at least one frame of gasification furnace throat image;
adjusting the size of the image after the average processing to be a square circumscribed with the section of the throat of the gasification furnace;
dividing the square picture into a grid of n x n, wherein n is a positive integer;
and respectively calculating the gray value in each grid in the throat section, and determining the average gray value of the image after the average processing by using the gray value of each grid.
For example, the output image is a rectangular image with pixels 800 × 600 and an aspect ratio of 4: 3. The image processing software was set to cut off extra black sides to form square pictures circumscribed with the throat section, and (600 ÷ 2)2 × 3.14 pixels covered with inscribed circles were 282600 pixels to be circular throat section effective points, n was set to 100, and the number of meshes was (100 ÷ 2)2 × 3.14 to 7850. There are 36 original pixels in each grid, and the weighted average of the 36 original pixels RGB is characterized as the grid's RGB values.
As an optional implementation manner, the analyzing the pixel point data in the at least one frame of gasifier throat image, and determining the feature data corresponding to the combustion detection parameter in the gasifier according to the analysis result, further includes:
averaging the at least one frame of gasification furnace throat image, performing gray level conversion on the averaged image, and dividing the gray level converted image into at least one gray level detection area, wherein the gray level detection area comprises at least one detection subarea;
and determining a throat air flow parameter corresponding to the gray detection area when the number of gray values of pixel points in at least one detection partition, which are lower than the gray average value, is larger than the partition number threshold value in the gray detection area.
Dividing the image after gray scale conversion into at least one gray scale detection area, wherein the gray scale detection area comprises at least one detection subarea and comprises the following steps:
dividing the image after gray level conversion into four quadrants: the detection device comprises a first quadrant gray detection area, a second quadrant gray detection area, a third quadrant gray detection area and a fourth quadrant gray detection area, wherein the gray detection areas are divided into at least one detection subarea by taking preset radius lengths as subarea boundaries.
As shown in fig. 4, in the present embodiment, the image is divided into quadrants: a first quadrant gray scale detection area, a second quadrant gray scale detection area, a third quadrant gray scale detection area and a fourth quadrant gray scale detection area, namely detection subareas: a first quadrant RUI/RUM/RUO, a second quadrant LUI/LUM/LUO, a third quadrant LDI/LDM/LDO, and a fourth quadrant RDI/RDM/RDO.
And S203, determining a combustion detection parameter in the gasification furnace according to the characteristic data, and controlling equipment for assisting the combustion of the biomass fuel in the gasification furnace according to the detection parameter in the gasification furnace.
Wherein, controlling the operation of the gasification furnace according to the detection parameters in the gasification furnace comprises:
as an optional implementation mode, the flow quantity of the air sprayed by a burner of the throat of the gasification furnace is adjusted by utilizing the air flow parameter of the throat of the gasification furnace;
after the at least one frame of gasification furnace throat image is subjected to average processing, performing gray level conversion on the image, obtaining gray levels of all pixel points in the image, comparing the gray levels of all the pixel points with the average value of the gasification furnace throat image, and when the number of the pixel points lower than the gray level average value is larger than the threshold value of the whole number, indicating that the temperature distribution of the gasification furnace throat is uneven, adjusting the opening and closing degree of a pipeline valve of a corresponding combustor and distributing and adjusting the flow of at least one combustor air injected into the gasification furnace throat, as shown in fig. 5, the air supply cross section schematic diagram of a blower of the gasification furnace throat is a schematic diagram, and an air nozzle is correspondingly arranged in each quadrant region;
as an alternative embodiment, the rotation speed of the motor of the feeding auger for feeding the biomass fuel into the throat of the gasification furnace is adjusted by using the feeding speed parameter of the gasification furnace.
Determining the blanking rate in the gasification furnace at each moment according to the number of black point pixel points in the throat image of the at least one frame of gasification furnace, and when the blanking rate is determined to be smaller than the blanking rate interval, adjusting the rotating speed of a motor of a feeding auger to improve the blanking rate of the biomass fuel in the gasification furnace and prevent the fuel deficiency; when the blanking rate is determined to be larger than the blanking rate interval, the rotating speed of a motor of the feeding auger needs to be adjusted to reduce the blanking rate of the biomass fuel in the gasification furnace and prevent the problem of insufficient combustion caused by excessive fuel.
As an alternative embodiment, since the gray average value represents the overall combustion state of the throat flame at that time, when the gray average value is lower than the gray threshold, it is determined that the overall temperature of the throat flame is lower, and the reason that the overall temperature of the throat flame is lower is that the combustion temperature of the throat flame is reduced due to excessive air supply of the blower, and at this time, the rotation frequency of the motor of the blower needs to be reduced to reduce the overall air volume.
As an optional implementation manner, when the distribution of the air nozzle of the combustor is consistent with that of the quadrant areas divided by the image, and the gray value of the pixel point in at least one detection partition in the gray detection area is determined to be lower than the gray average value, and the number of the pixel points is greater than the partition number threshold, the throat air flow parameter corresponding to the gray detection area is determined.
Specifically, in any quadrant region, when the number of gray values of pixel points in at least one detection partition lower than the gray average value is larger than the partition number threshold, the air flow of the air nozzle of the combustor corresponding to the quadrant region is adjusted, or when the number of gray values of integral pixel points in at least one detection partition lower than the gray average value is larger than the proportion threshold, the air flow of the air nozzle of the combustor corresponding to the quadrant region is adjusted.
As an optional implementation manner, after the detection control is performed, after waiting for a preset time, the gasification furnace is brought to a new equilibrium state, and then the next optimization adjustment is further performed according to the method for detecting and controlling the gasification furnace.
The method provided by the embodiment of the application aims at the characteristics that the two-stage biomass gasification process is different from the traditional coal gasification process taking coal as raw material, particularly the volatile component proportion is large, the content of alkali metal/alkaline earth metal is high and the like, an ultraviolet filter is additionally arranged in front of the CCD camera, the weight of the B value in a conversion formula of converting the color RGB value into the gray scale is selectively improved, the gasifier throat with narrow space and large section heat load can better reflect the flame combustion state and the temperature field gradient, and aiming at the two-section biomass gasification furnace, the actual blanking rate and the feeding system have larger delay, and the difficulty that the actual blanking amount cannot be effectively kept constant is provided, a method for assisting the actual blanking condition by adopting images is provided, so that the actual furnace biomass entering quality can be visually embodied, the image detection is carried out by utilizing a gray processing mode, and a method for detecting and optimizing the combustion of the pyrolysis gas at the throat of the gasification furnace is provided for control personnel.
An embodiment of the present invention provides an apparatus for detecting and controlling a gasification furnace, as shown in fig. 6, the apparatus includes:
the throat image acquisition device 601 is used for receiving at least one frame of gasification furnace throat image which is continuously shot;
a throat image analysis device 602, configured to analyze pixel point data in the at least one frame of gasifier throat image, and determine feature data corresponding to a combustion detection parameter in the gasifier according to an analysis result;
and the gasifier control device 603 is configured to determine a combustion detection parameter in the gasifier according to the characteristic data, and control a device for assisting the combustion of the biomass fuel in the gasifier according to the combustion detection parameter in the gasifier.
Optionally, the feature data includes gray scale distribution of pixels in the image and/or black pixel, and the throat image analysis device 602 determines the combustion detection parameters in the gasifier according to the feature data, including:
acquiring at least one frame of gasifier throat image, carrying out average processing on the at least one frame of gasifier throat image, carrying out gray level conversion on the image after the average processing, comparing the gray level value of each pixel point in the image after the gray level conversion with the gray level average value of each pixel point, and determining the gasifier throat air flow parameter according to the number of the pixel points lower than the gray level average value and the whole number threshold; and/or
The method comprises the steps of obtaining at least one frame of gasifier throat image, determining the blanking rate of biomass fuel in a gasifier according to the number of black point pixel points in the image, and determining gasifier feeding rate parameters according to the blanking rate and the blanking rate interval.
Optionally, the gasifier control device 603 controls the operation of the gasifier according to the detection parameters in the gasifier, and includes:
adjusting the flow of the air sprayed by a burner of the throat of the gasification furnace by utilizing the air flow parameter of the throat of the gasification furnace; and/or
And adjusting the motor rotating speed of a feeding auger for feeding the biomass fuel into the throat of the gasification furnace by utilizing the gasification furnace feeding speed parameter.
Optionally, the throat image analyzing device 602 analyzes the pixel point data in the at least one frame of gasifier throat image, and includes:
carrying out average processing on the at least one frame of gasification furnace throat image;
adjusting the size of the image after the average processing to be a square circumscribed with the section of the throat of the gasification furnace;
dividing the square picture into a grid of n x n, wherein n is a positive integer;
and respectively calculating the gray value in each grid in the throat section, and determining the average gray value of the image after the average processing by using the gray value of each grid.
Optionally, the laryngeal image analysis device 602 performs grayscale conversion on the averaged image, including:
the gradation conversion is performed using the following formula:
and Gray is 0.3R + 0G + 0.7B, the Gray is a Gray value, the R is a red value, the G is a green value, and the B is a blue value.
Optionally, the throat image analyzing device 602 analyzes pixel point data in the at least one frame of gasifier throat image, and determines feature data corresponding to a combustion detection parameter in the gasifier according to an analysis result, further including:
averaging the at least one frame of gasification furnace throat image, performing gray level conversion on the averaged image, and dividing the gray level converted image into at least one gray level detection area, wherein the gray level detection area comprises at least one detection subarea;
and determining a throat air flow parameter corresponding to the gray detection area when the number of gray values of pixel points in at least one detection partition, which are lower than the gray average value, is larger than the partition number threshold value in the gray detection area.
Optionally, the laryngeal image analysis device 602 divides the image after the gray scale conversion into at least one gray scale detection region, where the gray scale detection region includes at least one detection partition, and includes:
dividing the image after gray level conversion into four quadrants: the detection device comprises a first quadrant gray detection area, a second quadrant gray detection area, a third quadrant gray detection area and a fourth quadrant gray detection area, wherein the gray detection areas are divided into at least one detection subarea by taking preset radius lengths as subarea boundaries.
The embodiment of the invention provides a system for detecting and controlling a gasification furnace, and the equipment for detecting and controlling the gasification furnace provided by any one of the embodiments is provided.
Embodiments of the present invention provide a computer storage medium, on which a computer program is stored, where the computer program, when executed by a processor, implements any one of the methods for detecting and controlling a gasification furnace provided in the above embodiments.
As will be appreciated by one skilled in the art, embodiments of the present application may be provided as a method, system, or computer program product. Accordingly, the present application may take the form of an entirely hardware embodiment, an entirely software embodiment or an embodiment combining software and hardware aspects. Furthermore, the present application may take the form of a computer program product embodied on one or more computer-usable storage media (including, but not limited to, disk storage, CD-ROM, optical storage, and the like) having computer-usable program code embodied therein.
The present application is described with reference to flowchart illustrations and/or block diagrams of methods, apparatus (systems), and computer program products according to the application. It will be understood that each flow and/or block of the flow diagrams and/or block diagrams, and combinations of flows and/or blocks in the flow diagrams and/or block diagrams, can be implemented by computer program instructions. These computer program instructions may be provided to a processor of a general purpose computer, special purpose computer, embedded processor, or other programmable data processing apparatus to produce a machine, such that the instructions, which execute via the processor of the computer or other programmable data processing apparatus, create means for implementing the functions specified in the flowchart flow or flows and/or block diagram block or blocks.
These computer program instructions may also be stored in a computer-readable memory that can direct a computer or other programmable data processing apparatus to function in a particular manner, such that the instructions stored in the computer-readable memory produce an article of manufacture including instruction means which implement the function specified in the flowchart flow or flows and/or block diagram block or blocks.
These computer program instructions may also be loaded onto a computer or other programmable data processing apparatus to cause a series of operational steps to be performed on the computer or other programmable apparatus to produce a computer implemented process such that the instructions which execute on the computer or other programmable apparatus provide steps for implementing the functions specified in the flowchart flow or flows and/or block diagram block or blocks.
It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications may be made in the present application without departing from the spirit and scope of the application. Thus, if such modifications and variations of the present application fall within the scope of the claims of the present application and their equivalents, the present application is intended to include such modifications and variations as well.
Claims (17)
1. A method of detecting and controlling a gasifier, the method comprising:
receiving at least one frame of gasification furnace throat image shot continuously;
analyzing pixel point data in the at least one frame of gasification furnace throat image, and determining characteristic data corresponding to combustion detection parameters in the gasification furnace according to an analysis result;
and determining combustion detection parameters in the gasifier according to the characteristic data, and controlling equipment for assisting the biomass fuel to combust in the gasifier according to the detection parameters in the gasifier.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the characteristic data includes a gray scale distribution of pixels within the image and/or black point pixels, and determining the in-gasifier combustion detection parameters based on the characteristic data includes:
acquiring at least one frame of gasifier throat image, carrying out average processing on the at least one frame of gasifier throat image, carrying out gray level conversion on the image after the average processing, comparing the gray level value of each pixel point in the image after the gray level conversion with the gray level average value of each pixel point, and determining the gasifier throat air flow parameter according to the number of the pixel points lower than the gray level average value and the whole number threshold; and/or
The method comprises the steps of obtaining at least one frame of gasifier throat image, determining the blanking rate of biomass fuel in a gasifier according to the number of black point pixel points in the image, and determining gasifier feeding rate parameters according to the blanking rate and the blanking rate interval.
3. The method of claim 2, wherein controlling operation of the gasifier based on the sensed parameter within the gasifier comprises:
adjusting the flow of the air sprayed by a burner of the throat of the gasification furnace by utilizing the air flow parameter of the throat of the gasification furnace; and/or
And adjusting the motor rotating speed of a feeding auger for feeding the biomass fuel into the throat of the gasification furnace by utilizing the gasification furnace feeding speed parameter.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein analyzing pixel point data in the at least one frame of gasifier throat image comprises:
carrying out average processing on the at least one frame of gasification furnace throat image;
adjusting the size of the image after the average processing to be a square circumscribed with the section of the throat of the gasification furnace;
dividing the square picture into a grid of n x n, wherein n is a positive integer;
and respectively calculating the gray value in each grid in the throat section, and determining the average gray value of the image after the average processing by using the gray value of each grid.
5. The method according to claim 2, wherein the performing the gray-scale conversion on the averaged image comprises:
the gradation conversion is performed using the following formula:
and Gray is 0.3R + 0G + 0.7B, the Gray is a Gray value, the R is a red value, the G is a green value, and the B is a blue value.
6. The method of claim 1, wherein analyzing the pixel point data in the at least one frame of gasifier throat image and determining the characteristic data corresponding to the combustion detection parameters in the gasifier according to the analysis result, further comprises:
averaging the at least one frame of gasification furnace throat image, performing gray level conversion on the averaged image, and dividing the gray level converted image into at least one gray level detection area, wherein the gray level detection area comprises at least one detection subarea;
and determining a throat air flow parameter corresponding to the gray detection area when the number of gray values of pixel points in at least one detection partition, which are lower than the gray average value, is larger than the partition number threshold value in the gray detection area.
7. The method of claim 6, wherein dividing the gray converted image into at least one gray detection region, the gray detection region comprising at least one detection partition, comprises:
dividing the image after gray level conversion into four quadrants: the detection device comprises a first quadrant gray detection area, a second quadrant gray detection area, a third quadrant gray detection area and a fourth quadrant gray detection area, wherein the gray detection areas are divided into at least one detection subarea by taking preset radius lengths as subarea boundaries.
8. An apparatus for detecting and controlling a gasification furnace, the apparatus comprising:
the throat image acquisition device is used for receiving at least one frame of gasification furnace throat image shot continuously;
the throat image analysis device is used for analyzing pixel point data in the at least one frame of gasification furnace throat image and determining characteristic data corresponding to combustion detection parameters in the gasification furnace according to an analysis result;
and the gasifier control device is used for determining combustion detection parameters in the gasifier according to the characteristic data and controlling equipment for assisting the biomass fuel to combust in the gasifier according to the detection parameters in the gasifier.
9. The apparatus of claim 8, wherein the characteristic data comprises a gray scale distribution of pixels within the image and/or black point pixels, and wherein determining the in-gasifier combustion detection parameters based on the characteristic data comprises:
acquiring at least one frame of gasifier throat image, carrying out average processing on the at least one frame of gasifier throat image, carrying out gray level conversion on the image after the average processing, comparing the gray level value of each pixel point in the image after the gray level conversion with the gray level average value of each pixel point, and determining the gasifier throat air flow parameter according to the number of the pixel points lower than the gray level average value and the whole number threshold; and/or
The method comprises the steps of obtaining at least one frame of gasifier throat image, determining the blanking rate of biomass fuel in a gasifier according to the number of black point pixel points in the image, and determining gasifier feeding rate parameters according to the blanking rate and the blanking rate interval.
10. The apparatus of claim 9, wherein controlling operation of the gasifier based on the sensed parameter within the gasifier comprises:
adjusting the flow of the air sprayed by a burner of the throat of the gasification furnace by utilizing the air flow parameter of the throat of the gasification furnace; and/or
And adjusting the motor rotating speed of a feeding auger for feeding the biomass fuel into the throat of the gasification furnace by utilizing the gasification furnace feeding speed parameter.
11. The apparatus of claim 8, wherein analyzing pixel point data in the at least one frame of gasifier throat image comprises:
carrying out average processing on the at least one frame of gasification furnace throat image;
adjusting the size of the image after the average processing to be a square circumscribed with the section of the throat of the gasification furnace;
dividing the square picture into a grid of n x n, wherein n is a positive integer;
and respectively calculating the gray value in each grid in the throat section, and determining the average gray value of the image after the average processing by using the gray value of each grid.
12. The apparatus of claim 9, wherein the performing the average processed image to perform the gray scale conversion comprises:
the gradation conversion is performed using the following formula:
and Gray is 0.3R + 0G + 0.7B, the Gray is a Gray value, the R is a red value, the G is a green value, and the B is a blue value.
13. The apparatus of claim 8, wherein the analyzing the pixel point data in the at least one frame of gasifier throat image and determining the feature data corresponding to the combustion detection parameters in the gasifier according to the analysis result further comprises:
averaging the at least one frame of gasification furnace throat image, performing gray level conversion on the averaged image, and dividing the gray level converted image into at least one gray level detection area, wherein the gray level detection area comprises at least one detection subarea;
and determining a throat air flow parameter corresponding to the gray detection area when the number of gray values of pixel points in at least one detection partition, which are lower than the gray average value, is larger than the partition number threshold value in the gray detection area.
14. The apparatus of claim 13, wherein dividing the gray converted image into at least one gray detection region, the gray detection region including at least one detection partition, comprises:
dividing the image after gray level conversion into four quadrants: the detection device comprises a first quadrant gray detection area, a second quadrant gray detection area, a third quadrant gray detection area and a fourth quadrant gray detection area, wherein the gray detection areas are divided into at least one detection subarea by taking preset radius lengths as subarea boundaries.
15. A system for detecting and controlling a gasification furnace, comprising the apparatus for detecting and controlling a gasification furnace according to any one of claims 8 to 14.
16. A gasifier, characterized in that it comprises:
the camera device is used for receiving a shooting instruction to shoot an image of the throat of the gasification furnace;
the cooling device is used for receiving a cooling instruction so as to enable the temperature of the camera device to be in a normal working range;
the air feeder is used for providing air preheated by the air preheater to the throat of the gasification furnace and adjusting the air flow sprayed into the throat by receiving an air flow instruction;
the storage bin is used for storing biomass raw materials;
the feeding auger is used for conveying the biomass raw material in the storage bin to the throat of the gasification furnace;
the jacketed pyrolysis cylinder is used for carrying out pyrolysis treatment on the biomass raw material in the process of conveying the biomass raw material by the feeding auger;
and the gasification furnace throat is used for combusting by utilizing air provided by the air blower and pyrolysis gas generated in the pyrolysis treatment process.
17. A computer storage medium having a computer program stored thereon, wherein the computer program, when executed by a processor, implements the method of any of claims 1 to 7.
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