CN1119086C - 膨化燕麦冲剂的生产方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
一种膨化燕麦冲剂的生产方法,有以下步骤:选料,选用优等裸燕麦,去杂质;清洗凉干,用盐水浸泡去除带壳麦,并清洗后凉干;调整水分,将净燕麦的含水量调整到10~12%;挤压膨化,将净燕麦输入单螺杆挤压膨化机,经挤压和剪切力使燕麦温度升高成熟化糊状物,从模板成型孔挤出,体积膨胀;冷却筛分,杀菌包装。本发明生产的冲剂不去麸皮,保持燕麦有效营养成分,口感细腻爽口,提高了全燕麦食品的口感与冲调性。设备费用低,生产工艺简单,生产效率高,产品质量稳定。
Description
本发明涉及将燕麦加工成食品的方法,特别是膨化燕麦冲剂的生产方法。
燕麦有很高的营养价值,其蛋白质和脂肪的含量在粮食种类中居首位,并含有8种人体必需的氨基酸和含有极其丰富的亚油酸。国内外的一此食品专家对燕麦的食用很重视,将燕麦加工成燕麦片或燕麦粉作为营养食品和食补食品。1989年中国食品出版社出版的由白满英等著的《粮油食品营养与卫生》中公开了一种美国生产膨化燕麦粉的方法,其工艺流程为:燕麦粉(加水、糖等调味料)→蒸片锅(水分达38~40%)→成型机→干燥(水分15~16%)→膨化机(500~800F,1000~2000磅/时2,5~7分钟)→干燥→冷却→包装→成品。同时还生产了快速燕麦片,其主要加工方法是:燕麦经清理→去麸皮→在常压下以蒸汽热处理→压片滚筒→压成麦片。食用时只需短时蒸煮或用沸水冲泡即可。
膨化燕麦粉的生产方法采用的设备复杂,生产效率高,产品质量稳定。但是设备费用高,操作管理复杂。膨化燕麦粉的生产方法和快速燕麦片的生产方法,均去掉了麸皮,食用时虽然口感细腻爽口,但是使产品失去了一定的营养价值。
本发明的目的在于提供一种膨化燕麦冲剂的生产方法,可采用我国生产的常规膨化食品机械直接加工生产出新型的燕麦食品---膨化燕麦冲剂,该生产方法不去麸皮,不仅有效地利用燕麦营养成份,而且口感细腻爽口,提高人们的食欲,解决全燕麦食品的口感与冲调性差的问题,该生产工艺采用的生产设备费用低,操作管理较为简单,生产效率高,产品质量稳定。
本发明是这样实现的:一种膨化燕麦冲剂的生产方法,其步骤是:1、选料,选用优等裸燕麦,杂质及带壳率<3%,水份<13%,蛋白质>15%;2、清洗凉干,用盐水浸泡,去除带壳麦,然后精选去除麦壳,用洗麦甩干机或人工清洗原料,并将清洗后的燕麦凉干;3、调整水分,将净燕麦的含水量调整到10~12%;4、挤压膨化,将净燕麦输入单螺杆挤压膨化机,旋转的螺杆叶片和机筒对燕麦进行挤压和剪切,使燕麦温度升高熟化成糊状物,糊状物从模板上的成型孔被挤出,体积膨胀;5、杀菌包装,
2、卫生检测结果:对肠道致病菌,mPV菌落总数进行了检测,见表2
表2
| 实际检出 | 最低限值 | |||||
| 样品名称 | 菌落总数 | mPV | 肠道致病菌 | 菌落总数 | mPV | 肠道致病菌 |
| 膨化燕麦冲剂 | <10个/g | <30个/100g | 未发现 | <750个/g | ≤30个/100g | 不得检出 |
由于物料在挤压膨化过程,经过了高温熟化作用,起到了杀菌作用。
3、贮存性能测试:对膨燕麦冲剂和快速燕麦片分别在37℃的恒温箱内贮存28天,经测定:膨化燕麦冲剂的脂肪酸值增加了3.9%,达到100.8mgKOH/100g,感观评定气味,具有燕麦的清香味;而快速燕麦片的脂肪酸值增加了88.8%,达到709.2mgKOH/100g,感观评定气味已有哈喇味。
膨化燕麦冲剂的贮存性能比快速燕麦片要稳定的多。
4、冲调性能对照:
膨化燕麦冲剂:无需煮制,用>90℃的开水冲泡1~2分钟呈粘稠状,即可食用。
快速燕麦片:需有沸水中煮制3~5分钟,呈粘稠状,方可食用。
膨化燕麦冲剂的冲调性好于快速燕麦片。
5、产品质量高,可消化性好
本发明的生产方法中的膨化过程是一个PTST过程(高温、短时间的熟化过程)其加工过程最大限度地降低了由加热造成的食品营养成分降解作用,同时通过淀粉凝胶化和蛋白质改性,改善和提高了可消化性。
本发明的非限定实施例:
一种膨化燕麦冲剂的生产方法
1、选料:选用优等裸燕麦,控制含杂质以及带壳率<3%,水分<13%,蛋白质>15%;
2、清理:人工或机械去除杂质、砂石、铁渣等,用盐水浸泡去除大部分带壳燕麦,最后需人工精迁去除带壳燕麦和麦壳;
3、清洗凉干:用洗麦甩干机或人工清洗原料,并将清洗干净的燕麦凉干;
4、调整水分:在入机前将燕麦的含水量调整到10.5~11.5%;冷却定型后用紫外线灯照射20~30分种后,定量包装。
本发明使用我国市场上价格低廉的单螺杆挤压膨化机,使燕麦的输送、熟制、成型三个工序于一体,生产工艺简单,操作方便,生产效率高,产品质量稳定。由于本发明的生产方法生产时不用麸皮,充分地利用燕麦的营养成分,保持了燕麦的有效成分,膳食纤维,并且膨化后改善了产品的冲调性,食用时无需煮制,沸水冲泡1~2分钟即可食用,而且口感细腻爽口,提高了食用者的食欲。
经检测部门对膨化燕麦冲剂以及对照燕麦片和裸燕麦的各项性能进行了测定,测定结果如下:
1、性能指标:见表1
表1
| 编号名称 | 麦1-1-(2)裸燕麦 | 麦1-2-(2)膨化燕麦冲剂 | 麦1-3(2)快速燕麦片 | DBL65000X1101-90标准 |
| 水分(%) | 9.8 | 7.8 | 7.0 | ≤10 |
| 蛋白质(%) | 15.1 | 15.4 | 16.6 | ≥15 |
| 脂肪(%) | 6.42 | 6.64 | 6.98 | ≥4 |
| 淀粉(%) | 53.32 | 55.52 | 56.45 | ≤65 |
| 粗纤维(%) | 1.74 | 1.80 | 1.66 | 0.5-2 |
| 灰分(%) | 1.75 | 1.59 | 1.69 | / |
| VB1 | 7.44 | 7.74 | 7.10 | / |
| VB2 | 4.90 | 3.54 | 5.26 | / |
| 亚油酸占脂肪酸(%) | 40.72 | 29.32 | 35.06 | ≥35 |
分析测试结果表明,由挤压膨化方法制得的膨化燕麦冲剂基本保持了燕麦的营养成分,性能指标与快速燕麦片相似。膨化燕麦冲剂的性能指标与新疆地方标准DB/65000X1101-90燕麦片标准相比,除亚油酸含量略低于标准值外,其它主要成分含量均合格。
5、挤压膨化:将净燕麦输入单螺杆挤压膨化机,膨化机的螺杆转速为570~750转/分,旋转的螺杆叶片和机筒对燕麦进行挤压和剪切,使燕麦温度升高成熟化,改性糊状物,糊状物从模板上的成型孔被挤出,由于温度和压力的降低,熟化的流态物体积迅速膨胀;
6、冷却筛分:被挤出的膨化燕麦经冷却定型后,成酥脆的膨化食品,用φ4mm~φ5mm筛子过筛,控制粒度均匀;
7、杀菌、包装:用紫外线光灯照射25分钟后,定量包装,再装箱。
Claims (3)
1、一种膨化燕麦冲剂的生产方法,其特征是有以下步骤:①选料:选用优等裸燕麦,控制含杂质以及带壳率<3%,水分<13%,蛋白质>15%;②清洗凉干:用盐水浸泡去除带壳麦,然后人工精选去除壳麦,用洗麦甩干机或人工清洗原料,并将清洗干净的燕麦凉干;③调整水分:将燕麦的含水量调整到10~12%;④挤压膨化:将净燕麦输入单螺杆挤压膨化机,旋转的螺杆叶片和机筒对燕麦进行挤压和剪切,使燕麦温度升高成糊状物,糊状物从模板上的成型孔被挤出,体积膨胀;⑤杀菌、包装:冷却定型后,用紫外线光灯照射20~30分钟后,定量包装。
2、根据权利要求1所述的膨化燕麦冲剂的生产方法,其特征是膨化机的螺杆转速为570~750转/分。
3、根据权利要求1所述的膨化燕麦冲剂的生产方法,其特征是冷却定型后的膨化燕麦可以用φ4mm~φ5mm筛子过筛,控制粒度均匀。
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