CN111908770B - Glass kiln and method for heating glass batch by using same - Google Patents
Glass kiln and method for heating glass batch by using same Download PDFInfo
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- CN111908770B CN111908770B CN202010817164.9A CN202010817164A CN111908770B CN 111908770 B CN111908770 B CN 111908770B CN 202010817164 A CN202010817164 A CN 202010817164A CN 111908770 B CN111908770 B CN 111908770B
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- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 144
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 35
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 22
- 239000006066 glass batch Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 17
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 163
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 121
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 claims description 63
- 239000006060 molten glass Substances 0.000 claims description 29
- 238000010304 firing Methods 0.000 claims description 26
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 20
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000003345 natural gas Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000011280 coal tar Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000000295 fuel oil Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000002006 petroleum coke Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000003949 liquefied natural gas Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000003915 liquefied petroleum gas Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 abstract description 12
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 7
- 239000003546 flue gas Substances 0.000 abstract description 7
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 9
- MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen oxide Inorganic materials O=[N] MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 239000000779 smoke Substances 0.000 description 8
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 6
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000011449 brick Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dioxygen Chemical compound O=O MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000002283 diesel fuel Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 description 3
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000005388 borosilicate glass Substances 0.000 description 2
- 210000000481 breast Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 230000005587 bubbling Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000295 complement effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000006184 cosolvent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005034 decoration Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910001882 dioxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 2
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000003916 acid precipitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005352 clarification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003344 environmental pollutant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003912 environmental pollution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003628 erosive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000005357 flat glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000005329 float glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003365 glass fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000265 homogenisation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011866 long-term treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000005304 optical glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000013021 overheating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 231100000572 poisoning Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000000607 poisoning effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 231100000719 pollutant Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000008092 positive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000036632 reaction speed Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011819 refractory material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- WJCNZQLZVWNLKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N thiabendazole Chemical compound S1C=NC(C=2NC3=CC=CC=C3N=2)=C1 WJCNZQLZVWNLKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03B—MANUFACTURE, SHAPING, OR SUPPLEMENTARY PROCESSES
- C03B5/00—Melting in furnaces; Furnaces so far as specially adapted for glass manufacture
- C03B5/04—Melting in furnaces; Furnaces so far as specially adapted for glass manufacture in tank furnaces
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03B—MANUFACTURE, SHAPING, OR SUPPLEMENTARY PROCESSES
- C03B5/00—Melting in furnaces; Furnaces so far as specially adapted for glass manufacture
- C03B5/16—Special features of the melting process; Auxiliary means specially adapted for glass-melting furnaces
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03B—MANUFACTURE, SHAPING, OR SUPPLEMENTARY PROCESSES
- C03B5/00—Melting in furnaces; Furnaces so far as specially adapted for glass manufacture
- C03B5/16—Special features of the melting process; Auxiliary means specially adapted for glass-melting furnaces
- C03B5/235—Heating the glass
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03B—MANUFACTURE, SHAPING, OR SUPPLEMENTARY PROCESSES
- C03B5/00—Melting in furnaces; Furnaces so far as specially adapted for glass manufacture
- C03B5/16—Special features of the melting process; Auxiliary means specially adapted for glass-melting furnaces
- C03B5/235—Heating the glass
- C03B5/2353—Heating the glass by combustion with pure oxygen or oxygen-enriched air, e.g. using oxy-fuel burners or oxygen lances
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P40/00—Technologies relating to the processing of minerals
- Y02P40/50—Glass production, e.g. reusing waste heat during processing or shaping
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Vertical, Hearth, Or Arc Furnaces (AREA)
- Glass Melting And Manufacturing (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a glass kiln and a method for heating glass batch thereof, comprising a kiln side wall, a melting tank and a crown which is positioned above the melting tank and forms the top of the glass kiln, wherein side burning spray guns are arranged on the opposite side walls of the glass kiln, and a plurality of top burning spray guns are respectively arranged on the two sides of the top of the crown. The glass kiln is additionally provided with the combustion spray gun at the arch top, so that the flame tip alternately reaches the set combustion area and covers the whole glass liquid level, the continuous heating of the central combustion area is avoided, and the NO in the flue gas of the glass kiln is realized X The emission concentration and the total emission amount are obviously reduced, so that the energy consumption is saved, and the pollution to the environment is reduced. The glass kiln with the new combustion mode provided by the invention has the advantages of simple and stable structure, simple modification of the existing kiln, low investment and easy popularization and application in various combustion type kilns taking air as combustion-supporting gas.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of glass manufacturing, in particular to a glass kiln and a method for heating glass batch by using the glass kiln.
Background
The glass industry is a high-energy-consumption and high-pollution industry, the fuel consumed each year reaches billions of tons of standard coal, and a large amount of SO is generated in the combustion process 2 、NO X And dust and other harmful substances are discharged into the atmosphere, so that acid rain is easily formed, and environmental pollution is caused. Ordinary float glass kiln with air as combustion-supporting gas, NO x The yield is as high as 1800-3300 mg/m 3 、SO 2 The production amount is up to 2000-6000 mg/m 3 . And the latest atmospheric emission standard GB26453-2011 emission Standard for atmospheric pollutants for Flat glass industry 2 The discharge concentration is not higher than 400mg/m 3 、NO X The discharge concentration is not higher than 700mg/m 3 . At present, the emission reaches the standard by mainly adopting a tail end treatment mode, and the long-term treatment method can cause the treatment cost of the flue gas of the glass kiln to be high and be difficult to bear by glass enterprises, thereby seriously influencing the product competitiveness of the glass manufacturing enterprises.
At present, a combustion system in a kiln for producing high-temperature-resistant glass, such as a kiln for producing ultra-white glass, high borosilicate glass, medium alumina glass, high alumina glass, microcrystalline glass, glass fiber and optical glass, usually adopts a reversing combustion mode, wherein one side with flame is a normal combustion side, one side without flame is a flue gas generation side, the reversing is generally carried out once about 20-30min, and both sides do not burn with flame for 10-20s each time of reversing; in order to compensate for the temperature drop of the molten glass caused by no flame within 10-20s and ensure the temperature stability of the molten glass, the fuel quantity of a combustion spray gun can be rapidly increased after reversing, however, the temperature of the kiln furnace can be rapidly increased after reversing, the temperature distribution of the kiln furnace is uneven, the temperature difference of the molten glass is large, the melting quality of the glass is influenced, and the finished product is easy to have defects; rapidly increasing the amount of fuel burned will also result in NO X The emission concentration and the total emission are increased, and the NO in the smoke is required to be reduced by post-treatment X The emission concentration of the catalyst has the defects of high investment, high operation cost, easy poisoning of the catalyst and the like. Therefore, the combustion system with the structure ensures that the energy consumption of the glass kiln is high, the temperature distribution in the glass kiln is uneven, the temperature of a normal combustion side is high, the temperature of a smoke generation side is low, the melting and clarification of glass are not facilitated, the quality of produced glass products is poor, the defects are large, and the yield of the glass products is low.
For refractory glasses, such as high alumina glass, high borosilicate glass and microcrystalline glass, which are a type of high temperature resistant glass, the kiln for producing the refractory glasses needs to adopt additional fluxing measures, such as adding a cosolvent to reduce the melting rate, increasing the length and width of the glass kiln to increase the melting area, adding a molybdenum metal electrode to realize electric fluxing, adding a furnace pool bottom bubbling technology and the like. Although these fluxing means are helpful for melting the refractory glass, they will increase the production cost of the glass, and also bring unsafe factors to the furnace, for example, the electric boosting and bottom bubbling technology needs to open a hole at the bottom of the glass furnace, which will increase the possibility of leaking glass liquid in the glass furnace, and the temperature of the hole is relatively high, and the hole will also accelerate the erosion rate of the refractory material, increasing the unsafe factors. The increase of the melting area is usually realized by increasing the length and the width of the glass kiln, so that the manufacturing cost of the kiln is increased, the cost is increased, the safety performance is reduced, and an internal combustion system of the kiln needs to be correspondingly increased so as to meet the requirements of the number of the combustion systems per unit area of the whole kiln and the uniform temperature distribution. The melting rate is reduced by adding the cosolvent, so that the melting quality of the glass is poor, the micro defects of the central glass liquid and the peripheral glass liquid in the kiln are inconsistent, the middle is low, the two sides are high, the homogenization degree of the glass is reduced, and the yield of glass products is low.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the technical defects in the prior art, and provides a glass furnace with uniform temperature distribution, which comprises a furnace side wall, a melting tank and a crown positioned above the melting tank and forming the top of the glass furnace, wherein side burning spray guns are arranged on the opposite side wall of the glass furnace, and a plurality of top burning spray guns are respectively arranged on two sides of the top of the crown.
The group of top burning spray guns are arranged on one side of the crown top, the group of side burning spray guns are arranged on one side of the side wall, and one group of top burning spray guns are arranged in parallel with the adjacent group of side burning spray guns; preferably, in a group of top burning spray guns and an adjacent group of side burning spray guns, each top burning spray gun and each side burning spray gun are arranged at intervals and arranged along a zigzag line; more preferably, two groups of top-burning spray guns on both sides of the crown top are symmetrically arranged.
Flames sprayed by the group of top burning spray guns and the group of side burning spray guns on different sides do not intersect and can cover the glass liquid level of the melting tank.
The horizontal distance between the top-burning spray gun and the side wall of the glass kiln is 0.8-1.3m; preferably, the projection of each top-burning spray gun on the side wall of the glass kiln is positioned between the adjacent two side-burning spray guns, and preferably, the projection of the top-burning spray gun on the side wall of the glass kiln is positioned at the midpoint of the adjacent two side-burning spray guns.
The included angle theta between the top-burning spray gun and the vertical direction is 10-30 degrees.
The fuel in the top-burning spray gun is the same as that of the side-burning spray gun (such as natural gas, heavy oil, coal tar, petroleum coke powder and other fuels) or different from that of the side-burning spray gun (such as diesel oil, liquefied petroleum gas and liquefied natural gas); preferably, the combustion-supporting medium is air, oxygen-enriched air or pure oxygen.
The total combustion consumption of the side-burning spray gun and the top-burning spray gun is 263-305Nm 3 The fuel consumption of the top-burning spray gun is not less than 20Nm 3 H, preferably 20-100Nm 3 H, more preferably 50-100Nm 3 H, most preferably from 65 to 80Nm 3 /h。
In a second aspect, the present invention provides a method of heating glass batch materials, using the above glass furnace for heating and melting the glass batch materials into molten glass during the process of heating and melting the glass batch materials, comprising the steps of:
the method comprises the following steps: controlling fuel in the side-burning spray gun at the side to burn, spraying horizontal flame to heat glass liquid, and stopping the top-burning spray gun at the same side; simultaneously controlling fuel in the opposite side top-burning spray gun to burn, spraying obliquely downward flame to the molten glass direction to heat the molten glass, and stopping the side-burning spray gun at the same side; keeping the flame of the side-burning spray gun and the flame of the top-burning spray gun not to be crossed, and burning for a period of time;
step two: controlling the side burning spray gun at the side to stop working, burning fuel in the top burning spray gun, and spraying flame to the molten glass direction to heat the molten glass; simultaneously, controlling the opposite top-burning spray gun to stop working, burning fuel in the side-burning spray gun, and spraying horizontal flame to heat the molten glass; keeping the flame of the side-burning spray gun and the flame of the top-burning spray gun not to be crossed, and burning for a period of time;
and circulating according to the steps.
The lateral burning sprayWhen the gun and the opposite side top-burning spray gun work, the total combustion dosage is 263-305Nm 3 The fuel consumption of the top-burning spray gun is not less than 20Nm 3 H, preferably from 20 to 100Nm 3 H, more preferably 50-100Nm 3 H, most preferably from 65 to 80Nm 3 /h。
The burning time of the first step and the second step is 20min-30min.
The invention provides a glass kiln, wherein a combustion spray gun is oppositely arranged on the side wall of the kiln, and a combustion spray gun with a certain included angle theta is also arranged on the arch top at the opposite side of the side wall combustion spray gun. During combustion, a combustion spray gun on one side wall and a combustion spray gun on the opposite side arch top are simultaneously opened, the combustion spray gun on the side wall heats glass liquid on the side in the glass kiln, the combustion spray gun on the arch top heats the glass liquid on the opposite side in the glass kiln, so that the temperature of a top combustion side (namely the arch top side) is kept consistent with or close to the temperature of a normal combustion side of the side wall of the kiln, the temperature difference of the glass liquid in the kiln is reduced as much as possible, the opposite side adopts normal combustion after reversing, the side adopts top combustion, and the temperature in the glass kiln is kept stable. The heating method changes the mode of heating glass batch by additionally arranging the spray gun at the top of the crown, and simultaneously adjusts the speed (fuel consumption) of spraying fuel in the spray guns at different positions, so that the flame tips of the side-burning spray guns at different sides or the top-burning spray guns at different sides alternately reach a set combustion area, the continuous heating of the central combustion area is avoided, and the continuous heating of NO in the flue gas of the glass kiln is realized X The emission concentration and the total emission amount are obviously reduced, so that the energy consumption is saved, and the pollution to the environment is reduced. The glass kiln adopting the new heating mode provided by the invention has the advantages of simple and stable structure, simple modification of the existing kiln, low investment and easy popularization and application in various combustion type kilns taking air as combustion-supporting gas.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of the interior of a glass furnace according to the present invention in elevation;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the interior of the glass furnace of the present invention looking down;
in the figure, 1 regenerator, 2 small furnaces, 3 side-firing spray guns, 4 flame spaces, 5 crowns, 6 top-firing spray guns and 7 glass liquid levels.
Detailed Description
Existing air-fired glass kilns include opposing sidewalls (i.e., breast walls); a main crown (i.e. crown) arranged at the top of the side wall and used for connecting the opposite side walls so as to form the top of the glass furnace; and a melting tank arranged at the bottom in the kiln and used for containing molten glass. When the glass kiln is combusted, air preheated to a certain temperature (generally less than 1000 ℃) by the regenerator at the side is discharged into the glass kiln through the small grate and meets fuel in a flame space, high temperature is generated by combustion, combustion products (namely smoke) enter the regenerator at the opposite side and are discharged through the flue, heat in the smoke is stored by the checker bricks of the regenerator at the opposite side, after the smoke is discharged through the flue, the air for supporting combustion enters the regenerator at the side, the heat collected in the smoke is used for preheating combustion-supporting air by the checker bricks of the regenerator, the preheated air is discharged into the glass kiln through the small grate at the side and meets the fuel in the flame space, high temperature is generated by combustion, and the combustion products enter the regenerator at the opposite side and are discharged through the flue. The glass furnace combustion system heats the glass batch in the melting tank in the furnace through the circulating combustion, so that the glass batch is melted into molten glass.
In the existing air combustion-supporting glass kiln, combustion spray guns are only arranged on the side walls (and are symmetrically arranged), the combustion spray guns are distributed on the opposite side walls in pairs, and gun heads face a glass melting tank. The combustion spray gun usually adopts a reversing combustion mode, namely, the combustion spray gun at one side (as a normal combustion side) is firstly opened, the combustion spray gun at the other side (at the moment, the upper part of the molten glass at the position is not covered by flame and is used as a flameless combustion side) is closed, and the glass melting tank is heated for a period of time; then, reversing, namely: closing the combustion spray gun at one side, opening the combustion spray gun at the other side, repeating the steps, generally heating for about 20-30min, and reversing once; the normal combustion side is responsible for heating the molten glass, and the flameless combustion side is responsible for discharging combustion products generated by combustion at the normal combustion side out of the glass kiln, and is also called as the smoke generation side. After the combustion spray gun at one side is opened, the side is covered by flame, the temperature of the kiln at the side is increased rapidly, and the temperature of the kiln at the other side is increased slowly due to no flame covering, so that the temperature of the kiln is divided intoThe cloth is not uniform; in order to ensure the temperature stability of the glass liquid, the length of the combustion flame is required to be longer and exceeds the central area of the glass melting tank, so that the flame on two sides covers the central area of the glass liquid, the temperature difference between the central area of the kiln and the peripheral area of the kiln is increased, and the temperature distribution of the kiln is also uneven. The temperature of the furnace is unevenly distributed, so that the temperature difference of molten glass in different areas of the melting tank is large, the molten glass formed after the glass batch is melted is unevenly mixed, the melting quality of the glass is affected, and the produced glass has more defects; meanwhile, the reaction speed of nitrogen and oxygen at high temperature is accelerated due to large temperature difference, and the amount of generated nitrogen oxides is increased, so that NO is generated X The emission concentration and the total amount of emission increase.
On the basis, the invention provides a glass kiln adopting a novel combustion system, and the novel glass kiln is adopted to heat glass batch. The glass kiln is characterized in that a combustion spray gun with a certain angle is additionally arranged on the crown top, and the fuel spraying speed (namely the fuel consumption) in the combustion spray guns arranged on the side wall and the crown top is adjusted at the same time, so that the fuel spraying speed is matched with the included angle between the spray guns, and the flame tip alternately reaches a set combustion area and covers the whole glass liquid level, namely: the flame in the side wall combustion spray gun and the flame in the opposite side wall combustion spray gun alternately reach the set combustion area and the combustion areas are not crossed; all flames of the side wall combustion spray gun and the arch top combustion spray gun at different sides can cover the whole glass liquid level; avoiding the continuous heating of the central area of the glass liquid and keeping the temperature distribution uniformity of the glass kiln, thereby realizing the NO in the flue gas of the glass kiln X Significant reduction in emission concentration and total amount of emissions.
The main fuel pipeline system is connected with a fuel control system, and the fuel control system controls the main fuel pipeline system to supply fuel to the top combustion spray gun and controls the start and stop of the top combustion spray gun; a small furnace is arranged beside the top burning spray gun and is connected with a combustion fan which supplies combustion air to the small furnace. The top burning spray gun is arranged at two sides of the arch top, and the distance L from the top burning spray gun to the nearest side wall of the kiln is 0.8-1.3m in the horizontal direction (the left-right direction in figure 1); in the depth direction (the direction perpendicular to the plane of the drawing in fig. 1, and the up-down direction in fig. 2), the burner is located in the middle of two adjacent side wall combustion lances (preferably, the midpoint of the line connecting the two adjacent side wall combustion lances). For the same side, the extension line of the midpoint of the two lateral wall burning spray guns (also called lateral burning spray guns) along the arch top is provided with a top burning spray gun, namely: the straight line of the top burning spray gun along the arch top radian passes through the middle points of the two side burning spray guns; because the top burning spray guns are all arranged on the arch top at the middle position of the two side burning spray guns, the number of the top burning spray guns is 1 less than that of the side burning spray guns. The included angle theta (complementary angle of the included angle of the top burning spray gun head and the glass liquid level) between the top burning spray gun head and the vertical direction (namely the side wall of the kiln) is 10-30 degrees; the combustion effect is influenced by the included angle between the head of the top-burning spray gun and the molten glass, the flame coverage area is reduced due to the overlarge included angle between the head of the top-burning spray gun and the molten glass, the combustion effect cannot be achieved, the flame on the opposite side is interfered due to the undersize included angle, and the combustion effect of the flame on the opposite side is influenced due to the fact that the flame scatters in the kiln.
The fuel of the top combustion spray gun can be the same as that of the side combustion spray gun (such as natural gas, heavy oil, coal tar, petroleum coke powder and other fuels), or diesel oil, liquefied petroleum gas, liquefied natural gas and the like can be selected as the fuel, and the combustion-supporting medium can be air, oxygen-enriched air or pure oxygen gas.
The glass kiln provided by the invention comprises two groups of combustion spray guns arranged on two side walls and also comprises two groups of combustion spray guns additionally arranged on an arch top, wherein each group of arch top combustion spray guns are arranged at opposite arch top positions of the side wall combustion spray guns, and when one group of side wall combustion spray guns on the side are opened, the other group of arch top combustion spray guns on the side are also opened; the combustion is circulated in the way. Therefore, during combustion, flames on two sides of the kiln can be guaranteed to provide heat for molten glass, so that the temperature difference between the opposite side temperature and the local side combustion temperature is reduced, and the molten glass is uniform in temperature. That is, the top-burning spray gun is also reversed along with the burning, and the reversing process is to stop the top-burning spray gun firstly and then stop the small furnace, and the gun starting sequence is to start the small furnace firstly and then start the top-burning spray gun. During combustion, the side-burning spray gun is also used as a main heat source for melting the molten glass. The fuel injected by the crown and side wall combustion lances may be the same or different. The glass kiln of the invention simultaneously provides two flames to heat the glass liquid together, so that the temperature of the glass liquid is stable and uniform. Moreover, the invention controls the flame length of the arch top and the side wall combustion spray gun by adjusting the fuel consumption of the arch top and the side wall combustion spray gun, the flame sprayed by the arch top combustion spray gun and the flame sprayed by the side wall combustion spray gun at the opposite side do not intersect and influence each other, so that the glass liquid surface is not repeatedly heated in an area, the area of a high temperature area can be reduced, the temperature of the high temperature area is reduced, and the generation amount and the discharge amount of nitrogen oxides are reduced.
During operation, the flame area of the side burning spray gun mainly covers the top of the glass liquid on the side, the flame area of the opposite side top burning spray gun mainly covers the top of the glass liquid on the opposite side (the position of the prior art is basically not covered by flame), so that the flame sprayed by the top burning spray gun can cover the position where the flame of the opposite side burning spray gun cannot cover, all glass liquid surfaces are covered by the flame of the top burning spray gun and the flame of the opposite side burning spray gun as far as possible without overlapping, the transverse and longitudinal temperature stability and uniformity of the glass liquid are ensured, and the flame disorder caused by mutual influence between the flames on the two sides is avoided.
Meanwhile, the fuel consumption (namely flame length) of the top combustion spray gun and the fuel consumption of the side combustion spray gun and the included angle formed by the top combustion spray gun are matched with each other, so that the interference and influence of the flame of the top combustion spray gun on the flame of the side combustion spray gun can be reduced, the combustion effect is improved, and the effects of improving the yield of glass and reducing the generation amount and emission amount of nitrogen oxides are achieved. Because the flame is shortened due to the excessively low fuel consumption, the flame coverage area is reduced, the combustion effect cannot be achieved, and the combustion spray gun can be burnt; the excessive fuel consumption can increase the length of the flame and interfere with the flame at the opposite side, so that the flame drifts in the kiln, the combustion effect of the flame at the opposite side is influenced, and the breast wall can be burnt (namely, the glass kiln is adopted)Side wall of) and crown, so that the total combustion dosage of the side-burning lance and the top-burning lance in the combustion state at the same time is 263-305Nm 3 The fuel consumption of the top combustion spray gun is not less than 20 Nm/h 3 H, preferably from 20 to 100Nm 3 H, more preferably 50-100Nm 3 H, most preferably from 65 to 80Nm 3 /h。
The glass batch is heated in the glass kiln, so that the temperature of the glass kiln is more uniform, the molten glass is heated more uniformly, and meanwhile, because the flame in the central area of the kiln is reduced, the temperature of the central area is also reduced, the temperature of the arch top above the central area is also reduced, and the burning loss of the flame to the arch top is reduced; by using the heating method of the original combustion system, the flame covers the central area of the glass kiln each time of reversing, so that the temperature of the central area is too high, the temperature of the arch top above the central area is high, the burning loss and the eroded degree of the arch top can be accelerated by the high temperature, the service life of the crown of the glass kiln is shortened, and the crown of the glass kiln needs to be trimmed in advance.
The present invention will be described more specifically and further illustrated with reference to specific examples, which are by no means intended to limit the scope of the present invention.
As shown in figures 1 and 2, when a glass kiln is combusted, air preheated to a certain temperature (generally less than 1000 ℃) by a regenerator 1 enters the glass kiln through a small furnace 2, meets fuel in a flame space 4 of the glass kiln, and is combusted to generate high temperature, a side combustion spray gun 3 supplies the fuel, combustion products enter the regenerator through the small furnace at the opposite side and are discharged through a flue, smoke preheats checker bricks of the regenerator to store heat, and the checker bricks transfer the accumulated heat to cold air to preheat the cold air after reversing. In the invention, a top burning spray gun 6 is additionally arranged on the arch top 5 of the opposite side glass kiln, the horizontal position of the top burning spray gun is 0.8-1.3m away from the side wall, the depth position of the top burning spray gun is positioned at the midpoint of the connecting line of two adjacent side burning spray guns, and the included angle theta between the head of the top burning spray gun 6 and the vertical direction (namely the side wall of the kiln) (namely the complementary angle between the head of the top burning spray gun and the glass liquid level 7) is 10-30 degrees. In order to prevent the flame from being overlapped with the flame on the same side, the total combustion dosage of the side-burning spray gun and the top-burning spray gun which are simultaneously in a combustion state is adjusted to 263-305Nm 3 The fuel consumption of the top-burning spray gun is not less than 20Nm 3 H, preferably 20-100Nm 3 H, more preferably 50-100Nm 3 H, most preferably from 65 to 80Nm 3 And h, reducing the influence of the opposite side top burning spray gun 6 on the reduction of the burning effect of the side burning spray gun 3 in the side burning, improving the heat transfer of the arch top side burning flame to the molten glass, and ensuring the stable and uniform temperature of the molten glass in the transverse direction and the longitudinal direction.
The fuel of the top combustion spray gun 6 can be selected to be the same as the fuel of combustion (such as natural gas, heavy oil, coal tar, petroleum coke powder and the like), or diesel oil, liquefied petroleum gas, liquefied natural gas and the like can be selected as the fuel, the combustion-supporting medium can be air, oxygen-enriched air or pure oxygen gas, the top combustion spray gun is also reversed along with the combustion at the same time, the reversing process is once about 20-30min, the top combustion spray gun is stopped firstly and then the side combustion spray gun is stopped, and the gun opening sequence is that the side combustion spray gun is opened firstly and then the top combustion spray gun is opened.
Experiment:
NO of glass kiln of the invention by adopting Degraph (TESTO) 350 type flue gas analyzer X The emission concentration was measured and the fuel was natural gas, the results are shown in table 1, the horizontal distance from the top-firing lance to the nearest sidewall was 1.1m, and the angle θ to the vertical was 20 °, where: NO X Emission concentration, NO X The discharge concentration reduction ratio, the total energy consumption reduction ratio, the glass yield and the yield improvement ratio are all considered numerical values when producing unit glass products; the fuel consumption of the top combustion spray gun is 0Nm 3 H, existing glass furnaces without top-firing lances, NO X The emission concentration reduction ratio, the total energy consumption reduction ratio and the yield improvement ratio are compared with the results of the existing glass kiln.
Table 1 various indexes of the glass furnace of the present invention
Since the design output of the glass furnace is 600t/d, it is examined in the upper part of Table 1 that NO is produced at the design output of the glass furnace X Emission concentration, total energy consumption, glass yield and the like. In fact, the glass kiln of the invention can increase the glass yield of the glass kiln; therefore, the glass yield and NO under the condition of different fuel consumption in different spray guns are considered X Emission concentration, total energy consumption, glass yield and other data so that enterprises can conveniently use NO X The discharge capacity, the total energy consumption and the glass yield are balanced, and the optimal process condition is screened out.
(1) The invention carries out top side burning by additionally arranging the burning spray gun on the arch top at the opposite side of the burning side, so that the temperature difference of glass liquid in the kiln is reduced as much as possible, meanwhile, the invention realizes that the flame tips alternately reach the set burning area by adjusting the fuel consumption of the spray gun, avoids the continuous heating of the central area, and further realizes the NO in the flue gas of the glass kiln X The emission concentration and the total emission amount are obviously reduced, so that the energy consumption is saved, and the pollution to the environment is reduced.
(2) The method for heating the glass batch by the invention has the advantages that the spray gun is additionally arranged on the arch top at the opposite side for combustion, so that the temperature distribution in the kiln is more uniform, the temperature difference at the two sides of the kiln is smaller, the arch is prevented from being burnt by overheating in a combustion area, the glass yield is improved, and NO can be reduced X Concentration and emission amount such that NO is generated per unit glass product X The emission concentration is reduced by 10.77-21.85%, the total energy consumption is reduced by 3.10-6.34%, the glass quality is improved by 1.97-3.25%, and the method has positive effects of improving the glass quality, improving the economic benefit and improving the enterprise competitiveness.
(3) The glass kiln is modified in the running process of the kiln, the non-stop installation of the glass kiln is realized, and the arch top temperature is reduced, the energy consumption is saved, and the NO is reduced X The discharge amount has obvious effect, and the glass kiln has simple and stable structure and is easy to popularize and apply on glass production lines.
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, various modifications and decorations can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, and these modifications and decorations should also be regarded as the content of the present invention.
Claims (16)
1. A method for heating glass batch is characterized in that a glass kiln is used for heating and melting the glass batch into molten glass in the process of heating and melting the glass batch,
the glass kiln comprises a kiln side wall, a melting tank and a crown which is positioned above the melting tank and forms the top of the glass kiln, wherein the side wall opposite to the glass kiln is provided with a side burning spray gun, and two sides of the top of the crown are respectively provided with a plurality of top burning spray guns; flames sprayed by the group of top burning spray guns and the group of side burning spray guns on different sides are not crossed and can cover the glass liquid level of the melting tank, and a bottom burning spray gun is not arranged at the bottom of the melting tank;
the horizontal distance between the top-burning spray gun and the side wall of the glass kiln is 0.8-1.3m; the included angle theta between the top burning spray gun and the vertical direction is 10-30 degrees;
the total combustion consumption of the side-burning spray gun and the top-burning spray gun is 263-305Nm 3 The fuel consumption of the top-burning spray gun is 65-80 Nm/h 3 /h；
The method comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: controlling fuel in the side-burning spray gun at the side to burn, spraying horizontal flame to heat glass liquid, and stopping the top-burning spray gun at the same side; simultaneously controlling fuel combustion in the opposite side top-burning spray guns, spraying obliquely downward flame to the molten glass direction to heat the molten glass, and stopping the side-burning spray guns on the same side; keeping the flame of the side-burning spray gun and the flame of the top-burning spray gun not to be crossed, and burning for a period of time;
step two: controlling the side burning spray gun at the side to stop working, burning fuel in the top burning spray gun, and spraying flame to the molten glass direction to heat the molten glass; simultaneously, controlling the opposite top-burning spray gun to stop working, burning fuel in the side-burning spray gun, and spraying horizontal flame to heat the molten glass; keeping the flame of the side-burning spray gun and the flame of the top-burning spray gun not to intersect, and burning for a period of time;
and circulating according to the steps.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the burning time in the first and second steps is 20min to 30min.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein the plurality of topping guns are arranged in a group on one side of the crown top, the plurality of side-firing guns are arranged in a group on one side of the side wall, and the group of topping guns is arranged in parallel with the side-firing guns of the adjacent group.
4. The method of claim 3, wherein each of the top-firing lances is spaced apart from each of the side-firing lances of an adjacent group of the side-firing lances and is arranged in a zigzag pattern.
5. The method as claimed in claim 4, wherein the two sets of top-firing lances are symmetrically disposed on opposite sides of the crown top.
6. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the projection of each of the top-firing lances onto the side wall of the glass furnace is located between adjacent side-firing lances.
7. The method of claim 6, wherein the projection of the top-firing lance onto the side wall of the glass furnace is located at the midpoint of the adjacent two side-firing lances.
8. The method of any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the fuel in the top-firing lance is the same or different from the side-firing lance fuel.
9. The method of claim 6, wherein the fuel in the top-firing lance is the same or different than the side-firing lance fuel.
10. The method of claim 7 wherein the fuel in the top-firing lance is the same or different than the side-firing lance fuel.
11. The process of claim 8 wherein the fuel in the top-fired lance and the side-fired lance is selected from the group consisting of natural gas, heavy oil, coal tar and petroleum coke fines.
12. The method of claim 9, wherein the fuel in the top-fired lance and the side-fired lance is selected from the group consisting of natural gas, heavy oil, coal tar, and petroleum coke breeze.
13. The process of claim 10 wherein the fuel in the top-fired lance and the side-fired lance is selected from the group consisting of natural gas, heavy oil, coal tar and petroleum coke fines.
14. The method of claim 8, wherein the fuel in the top-firing lance is selected from diesel, liquefied petroleum gas or liquefied natural gas, and the fuel in the side-firing lance is selected from natural gas, heavy oil, coal tar or petroleum coke powder.
15. The method of claim 9, wherein the fuel in the top-firing lance is selected from diesel, liquefied petroleum gas or liquefied natural gas, and the fuel in the side-firing lance is selected from natural gas, heavy oil, coal tar or petroleum coke powder.
16. The method of claim 10 wherein the fuel in the top-firing lance is selected from diesel, lpg or lng and the fuel in the side-firing lance is selected from natural gas, heavy oil, coal tar or petcoke powder.
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| CN112592029A (en) * | 2021-01-06 | 2021-04-02 | 成都光明光电股份有限公司 | Kiln for producing high-temperature glass |
| CN113716839B (en) * | 2021-08-20 | 2022-05-20 | 西安交通大学 | Glass kiln and method for fluxing glass by using high-temperature flue gas |
| CN114380483A (en) * | 2021-12-31 | 2022-04-22 | 中建材蚌埠玻璃工业设计研究院有限公司 | Glass melting furnace with batch preheating function |
| CN114716135A (en) * | 2022-04-14 | 2022-07-08 | 河南旭阳光电科技有限公司 | Heating device of glass kiln and glass kiln |
| CN114835381A (en) * | 2022-06-21 | 2022-08-02 | 湖南邵虹特种玻璃股份有限公司 | Energy-saving glass kiln |
| CN115677177A (en) * | 2022-11-23 | 2023-02-03 | 河北南玻玻璃有限公司 | Glass melting furnace system |
| CN115677178B (en) * | 2022-11-24 | 2025-02-18 | 秦皇岛玻璃工业研究设计院有限公司 | Combustion method of glass kiln |
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| CN103508652B (en) * | 2013-09-06 | 2016-09-21 | 巨石集团有限公司 | Glass fiber tank furnace structure and glass smelting method |
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| US3082102A (en) * | 1957-09-10 | 1963-03-19 | Pilkington Brothers Ltd | Processes of manufacturing glass |
| JP2003343977A (en) * | 2002-05-27 | 2003-12-03 | Shigeru Yoshida | Indirect heating rotary kiln of combustion gas contact type |
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