CN111982900A - Experimental method for controlling cooling mode of wire thermal simulation sample - Google Patents
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Abstract
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明涉及热模拟实验技术领域，尤其涉及一种控制线材热模拟试样冷却模式的实验方法。The invention relates to the technical field of thermal simulation experiments, in particular to an experimental method for controlling the cooling mode of a wire thermal simulation sample.
背景技术Background technique
热模拟实验机在材料科学研究中有广泛的应用，可以模拟不同加工工艺条件下，金属材料的组织变化特征，对于揭示材料的组织转变规律具有重要意义。在热模拟实验中，试样在夹头的夹持下进行加热，然后进行保温、变形和冷却等操作，使试样获得不同的组织状态。Thermal simulation experimental machines are widely used in materials science research. They can simulate the microstructure change characteristics of metal materials under different processing conditions, and are of great significance for revealing the structure transformation laws of materials. In the thermal simulation experiment, the sample is heated under the clamping of the chuck, and then the operations such as heat preservation, deformation and cooling are carried out, so that the sample can obtain different tissue states.
在实际生产中，通常情况下线材轧制后的冷却为自然冷却或风冷强制冷却。而用于热模拟实验的试样较小，在夹头的夹持下自然冷却速度很快，一般需要通过对试样进行辅助加热来实现对试样冷却模式的控制，这种方式很难揭示试样在自然冷却状态下的冷却特点。因此需要在热模拟实验机上开发一种简易的模拟实验方法，使之能够对线材的自然冷却或强制风冷进行热模拟实验研究，使热模拟实验更加接近生产现场的实际情况。In actual production, the cooling after wire rod rolling is usually natural cooling or forced cooling by air. However, the samples used in thermal simulation experiments are small, and the natural cooling speed is very fast under the clamping of the chuck. Generally, the sample cooling mode needs to be controlled by auxiliary heating of the sample, which is difficult to reveal. The cooling characteristics of the sample in the natural cooling state. Therefore, it is necessary to develop a simple simulation experiment method on the thermal simulation experimental machine, so that it can conduct thermal simulation experimental research on natural cooling or forced air cooling of the wire, so that the thermal simulation experiment is closer to the actual situation of the production site.
申请号为CN201410229626.X的中国专利申请公开了“一种热模拟实验材料组织性能的检测方法”，属于材料检测领域。该检测方法是在热模拟实验中，将材料做成长度为L0、直径为d0的圆柱状试样并置于热模拟实验机中，控制试样轴向的温度梯度在中间获得长度为l0的均温区，对均温区进行控制变形和控制冷却，实验后的试样中间部分为鼓形；可将实验后的试样做成金相、拉伸、冲击等检测试样，既可以观察不同工艺条件下材料的组织特性，又可以检测其强度、硬度与塑韧性指标。该技术方案可以解决热模拟实验后材料强度与塑韧性能测量困难的问题，为材料研究和热加工工艺制定提供一种准确可靠的方法。但是，该技术方案并未涉及模拟试样自然冷却或风冷强制冷却的方法。The Chinese patent application with the application number CN201410229626.X discloses "a method for detecting the microstructure and properties of thermal simulation experimental materials", which belongs to the field of material detection. The detection method is that in the thermal simulation experiment, the material is made into a cylindrical sample with a length of L 0 and a diameter of d 0 and placed in a thermal simulation experimental machine, and the temperature gradient in the axial direction of the sample is controlled to obtain a length of l 0 in the uniform temperature zone, the uniform temperature zone is controlled for deformation and controlled cooling, and the middle part of the sample after the experiment is drum-shaped; the sample after the experiment can be made into metallographic, tensile, impact and other testing samples, It can not only observe the microstructure characteristics of the material under different process conditions, but also detect its strength, hardness and plasticity. The technical solution can solve the problem of difficulty in measuring the strength and plastic toughness of materials after thermal simulation experiments, and provides an accurate and reliable method for material research and thermal processing technology formulation. However, this technical solution does not involve the method of simulating natural cooling of the sample or forced cooling by air cooling.
发明内容SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
本发明提供了一种控制线材热模拟试样冷却模式的实验方法，能够对线材的自然冷却或强制风冷进行热模拟实验，其方法简单易行，满足了生产企业对线材组织控制冷却进行模拟实验研究的要求。The invention provides an experimental method for controlling the cooling mode of a wire thermal simulation sample, which can conduct a thermal simulation experiment on the natural cooling or forced air cooling of the wire. requirements for experimental research.
为了达到上述目的，本发明采用以下技术方案实现：In order to achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions to realize:
一种控制线材热模拟试样冷却模式的实验方法，包括如下步骤：An experimental method for controlling the cooling mode of a wire thermal simulation sample, comprising the following steps:
1)试样加工：将由线材加工成不同直径圆柱体的多个试样进行打磨，使试样表面呈现金属光泽；1) Sample processing: grind multiple samples processed from wires into cylinders of different diameters to make the surface of the samples appear metallic luster;
2)在试样的中部焊接2根热电偶；2) Weld 2 thermocouples in the middle of the sample;
3)将试样两端夹紧在对应的夹具上，将热电偶的信号输出端连接到测温系统；3) Clamp both ends of the sample on the corresponding fixture, and connect the signal output end of the thermocouple to the temperature measurement system;
4)设定实验方式及条件：4) Set the experimental method and conditions:
4a)试样的加热温度为900～1000℃，保温50～90s；4a) The heating temperature of the sample is 900～1000℃, and the temperature is kept for 50～90s;
4b)通过不同直径的试样，进行线材自然冷却或强制风冷的模拟；具体为：当试样冷却速度设定为2～10℃/s时，选取直径为16～25mm的试样；当试样冷却速度设定为11～20℃/s时，选取直径为8～15mm的试样；当试样冷却速度设定为21℃/s以上时，选取直径为5～7mm的试样；4b) Carry out the simulation of natural cooling or forced air cooling of the wire through samples of different diameters; specifically: when the cooling rate of the sample is set to 2-10°C/s, select a sample with a diameter of 16-25mm; When the cooling rate of the sample is set to 11-20℃/s, select the sample with a diameter of 8-15mm; when the cooling rate of the sample is set to be above 21℃/s, select the sample with a diameter of 5-7mm;
或者通过不同直径的试样，进行线材存在反温平台或不存在反温平台这2种冷却方式的模拟；具体为：当模拟冷却方式为不存在反温平台时，选取试样直径为5～7mm；当模拟冷却方式为存在反温平台时，选取试样直径为14～25mm；Or through the samples with different diameters, the simulation of two cooling methods, that is, the presence of an inverse temperature platform or the absence of an inverse temperature platform for the wire is carried out; specifically: when the simulated cooling method is that there is no inversion platform, the diameter of the sample is selected to be 5~ 7mm; when the simulated cooling method is an inverse temperature platform, the diameter of the sample is selected to be 14-25mm;
5)进行热模拟实验，记录试样加热、冷却过程的温度数据；5) Carry out a thermal simulation experiment and record the temperature data of the heating and cooling process of the sample;
5a)不进行热压缩的热模拟实验：将试样加热到900～1000℃，保温50～90s，使试样充分奥氏体化；然后断电，使试样在真空状态下自然冷却；通过不同直径的试样，实现线材自然冷却或强制风冷的模拟；5a) Thermal simulation experiment without thermal compression: heat the sample to 900-1000°C and keep the temperature for 50-90s to fully austenitize the sample; then cut off the power to allow the sample to cool naturally under vacuum; Samples of different diameters can simulate the natural cooling or forced air cooling of the wire;
5b)进行热压缩的热模拟实验：将试样加热到900～1000℃，保温50～90s，使试样充分奥氏体化；然后进行热压缩实验，控制变形速率为5～20s-1，变形量为10％～30％；然后断电，使试样在真空状态下自然冷却；通过不同直径的试样，实现线材自然冷却或强制风冷的模拟；5b) Carry out the thermal simulation experiment of hot compression: heat the sample to 900～1000℃ and keep the temperature for 50～90s to make the sample fully austenitized; then carry out the hot compression experiment, control the deformation rate to be 5～20s -1 The amount of deformation is 10% to 30%; then the power is cut off to allow the sample to cool naturally in a vacuum state; the simulation of natural cooling or forced air cooling of the wire is realized through samples of different diameters;
6)试样冷却后，选取其位于热电偶内侧、深度为1～1.5mm位置的金属组织进行观察；对试样进行研磨、抛光后制得金相试样，采用质量浓度为3％～5％的硝酸酒精溶液对金相试样进行腐蚀，在500倍以上金相显微镜下进行金相观察。6) After the sample is cooled, select the metal structure at the inner side of the thermocouple with a depth of 1 to 1.5 mm for observation; grind and polish the sample to obtain a metallographic sample with a mass concentration of 3% to 5%. % nitric acid alcohol solution to corrode the metallographic sample, and carry out the metallographic observation under the metallographic microscope of more than 500 times.
所述试样的为长度10～20mm。The length of the sample is 10-20 mm.
所述步骤6)中，首先对热模拟后的试样进行镶嵌，使热电偶位置在试样表面；然后采用80～150号的砂纸将热模拟后的试样从热电偶位置起向内磨掉1～1.5mm。In the step 6), first inlay the thermally simulated sample so that the thermocouple is located on the surface of the sample; then use 80-150 grit sandpaper to grind the thermally simulated sample inward from the thermocouple position. Drop 1 to 1.5mm.
与现有技术相比，本发明的有益效果是：Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are:
1)能够对线材的自然冷却或强制风冷进行热模拟实验，其方法简单易行，满足了生产企业对线材组织控制冷却进行模拟实验研究的要求；1) The thermal simulation experiment can be performed on the natural cooling or forced air cooling of the wire rod, and the method is simple and easy to implement, which meets the requirements of the production enterprise for the simulation experiment research on the wire structure controlled cooling;
2)通过选取不同直径的试样，可以实现线材不同冷却速度的模拟。并且这种模拟与现场生产的实际情况更加接近，能够更真实地反映线材在冷却过程中相变潜热释放等现象，这与普通热模拟试样采用电加热补偿控制试样冷却过程温度的方式相比具有显著差异。2) By selecting samples with different diameters, the simulation of different cooling rates of the wire can be realized. And this simulation is closer to the actual situation of on-site production, and can more realistically reflect the release of latent heat of phase change during the cooling process of the wire, which is similar to the way that ordinary thermal simulation samples use electric heating compensation to control the temperature of the sample cooling process. ratio has a significant difference.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1是本发明所述一种控制线材热模拟试样冷却模式的实验方法的原理示意图。FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an experimental method for controlling the cooling mode of a wire thermal simulation sample according to the present invention.
图中：1.试样 2.夹具 3.热电偶 4.测温系统In the picture: 1.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
下面结合附图对本发明的具体实施方式作进一步说明：The specific embodiments of the present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings:
一种控制线材热模拟试样冷却模式的实验方法，包括如下步骤：An experimental method for controlling the cooling mode of a wire thermal simulation sample, comprising the following steps:
1)试样加工：将由线材加工成不同直径圆柱体的多个试样进行打磨，使试样表面呈现金属光泽；1) Sample processing: grind multiple samples processed from wires into cylinders of different diameters to make the surface of the samples appear metallic luster;
2)在试样的中部焊接2根热电偶；2) Weld 2 thermocouples in the middle of the sample;
3)如图1所示，将试样1两端夹紧在对应的夹具2上，将热电偶3的信号输出端连接到测温系统4；3) As shown in Figure 1, clamp both ends of the
4)设定实验方式及条件：4) Set the experimental method and conditions:
4a)试样的加热温度为900～1000℃，保温50～90s；4a) The heating temperature of the sample is 900～1000℃, and the temperature is kept for 50～90s;
4b)通过不同直径的试样，进行线材自然冷却或强制风冷的模拟；具体为：当试样冷却速度设定为2～10℃/s时，选取直径为16～25mm的试样；当试样冷却速度设定为11～20℃/s时，选取直径为8～15mm的试样；当试样冷却速度设定为21℃/s以上时，选取直径为5～7mm的试样；4b) Carry out the simulation of natural cooling or forced air cooling of the wire through samples of different diameters; specifically: when the cooling rate of the sample is set to 2-10°C/s, select a sample with a diameter of 16-25mm; When the cooling rate of the sample is set to 11-20℃/s, select the sample with a diameter of 8-15mm; when the cooling rate of the sample is set to be above 21℃/s, select the sample with a diameter of 5-7mm;
或者通过不同直径的试样，进行线材存在反温平台或不存在反温平台这2种冷却方式的模拟；具体为：当模拟冷却方式为不存在反温平台时，选取试样直径为5～7mm；当模拟冷却方式为存在反温平台时，选取试样直径为14～25mm；Or through the samples with different diameters, the simulation of two cooling methods, that is, the presence of an inverse temperature platform or the absence of an inverse temperature platform for the wire is carried out; specifically: when the simulated cooling method is that there is no inversion platform, the diameter of the sample is selected to be 5~ 7mm; when the simulated cooling method is an inverse temperature platform, the diameter of the sample is selected to be 14-25mm;
5)进行热模拟实验，记录试样加热、冷却过程的温度数据；5) Carry out thermal simulation experiments and record the temperature data of the heating and cooling process of the sample;
5a)不进行热压缩的热模拟实验：将试样加热到900～1000℃，保温50～90s，使试样充分奥氏体化；然后断电，使试样在真空状态下自然冷却；通过不同直径的试样，实现线材自然冷却或强制风冷的模拟；5a) Thermal simulation experiment without thermal compression: heat the sample to 900-1000°C and keep the temperature for 50-90s to fully austenitize the sample; then cut off the power to allow the sample to cool naturally under vacuum; Samples of different diameters can simulate the natural cooling or forced air cooling of the wire;
5b)进行热压缩的热模拟实验：将试样加热到900～1000℃，保温50～90s，使试样充分奥氏体化；然后进行热压缩实验，控制变形速率为5～20s-1，变形量为10％～30％；然后断电，使试样在真空状态下自然冷却；通过不同直径的试样，实现线材自然冷却或强制风冷的模拟；5b) Carry out the thermal simulation experiment of hot compression: heat the sample to 900～1000℃ and keep the temperature for 50～90s to make the sample fully austenitized; then carry out the hot compression experiment, control the deformation rate to be 5～20s -1 The amount of deformation is 10% to 30%; then the power is cut off to allow the sample to cool naturally in a vacuum state; the simulation of natural cooling or forced air cooling of the wire is realized through samples of different diameters;
6)试样冷却后，选取其位于热电偶内侧、深度为1～1.5mm位置的金属组织进行观察；对试样进行研磨、抛光后制得金相试样，采用质量浓度为3％～5％的硝酸酒精溶液对金相试样进行腐蚀，在500倍以上金相显微镜下进行金相观察。6) After the sample is cooled, select the metal structure at the inner side of the thermocouple with a depth of 1 to 1.5 mm for observation; grind and polish the sample to obtain a metallographic sample with a mass concentration of 3% to 5%. % nitric acid alcohol solution to corrode the metallographic sample, and carry out the metallographic observation under the metallographic microscope of more than 500 times.
所述试样的为长度10～20mm。The length of the sample is 10-20 mm.
所述步骤6)中，首先对热模拟后的试样进行镶嵌，使热电偶位置在试样表面；然后采用80～150号的砂纸将热模拟后的试样从热电偶位置起向内磨掉1～1.5mm。In the step 6), first inlay the thermally simulated sample so that the thermocouple is located on the surface of the sample; then use 80-150 grit sandpaper to grind the thermally simulated sample inward from the thermocouple position.
以下实施例在以本发明技术方案为前提下进行实施，给出了详细的实施方式和具体的操作过程，但本发明的保护范围不限于下述的实施例。下述实施例中所用方法如无特别说明均为常规方法。The following examples are implemented on the premise of the technical solutions of the present invention, and provide detailed embodiments and specific operation processes, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited to the following examples. The methods used in the following examples are conventional methods unless otherwise specified.
【实施例】【Example】
本实施例中，一种控制线材热模拟试样冷却模式的实验方法过程如下：In the present embodiment, an experimental method for controlling the cooling mode of the wire thermal simulation sample is as follows:
1)试样加工：将需要模拟的线材试样加工成长度为15mm，不同直径的圆柱体。再将加工后的试样进行打磨，使试样表面呈现金属光泽，以便进行热电偶的焊接。试样表面必须杜绝出现锈蚀等现象，防止出现因热电偶焊接不牢固导致温度测量不准或在试样高温区热电偶掉落的现象。1) Sample processing: The wire samples to be simulated are processed into cylinders with a length of 15 mm and different diameters. Then grind the processed sample to make the surface of the sample appear metallic luster, so that the thermocouple can be welded. The surface of the sample must be free of rust and other phenomena to prevent the phenomenon of inaccurate temperature measurement due to weak welding of the thermocouple or falling of the thermocouple in the high temperature area of the sample.
2)在试样的中间部位焊接2个热电偶，并且检测热电偶是否焊接牢固，防止试样测量温度不准确现象发生。2) Weld two thermocouples in the middle of the sample, and check whether the thermocouples are firmly welded to prevent inaccurate temperature measurement of the sample.
3)将试样的两端在对应端的2个夹具内夹紧，并且将热电偶的电缆线接到测温系统的接头上，检查热电偶与测温系统的连接是否正确，防止出现测量数据无效的现象发生；3) Clamp both ends of the sample in the two fixtures at the corresponding end, and connect the thermocouple cable to the connector of the temperature measurement system to check whether the connection between the thermocouple and the temperature measurement system is correct to prevent measurement data from appearing Invalid phenomenon occurs;
4)根据生产现场的实际情况，设定试样的加热温度、冷却速度、冷却方式等参数，并以此为依据选择具有适当直径的试样，以满足模拟现场条件下对试样的组织状态变化进行模拟研究的需要。具体如下：4) According to the actual situation of the production site, set the heating temperature, cooling speed, cooling method and other parameters of the sample, and select a sample with an appropriate diameter based on this, so as to meet the organizational state of the sample under the simulated field conditions Changes in the need to conduct simulation studies. details as follows:
4a)设定试样的加热温度为900℃，保温60s；4a) Set the heating temperature of the sample to 900°C and keep it warm for 60s;
4b)设定试样的冷却速度：设定试样的冷却速度分别为：4b) Set the cooling rate of the sample: Set the cooling rate of the sample as:
实施例1：试样冷却速度为22℃/s，选取试样的直径为5mm，长度为15mm；Example 1: The cooling rate of the sample is 22°C/s, the diameter of the selected sample is 5mm, and the length is 15mm;
实施例2：试样冷却速度为15℃/s，选取试样的直径为8mm，长度为15mm；Example 2: The cooling rate of the sample is 15°C/s, the diameter of the selected sample is 8mm, and the length is 15mm;
实施例3：试样冷却速度为12℃/s，选取试样的直径为12mm，长度为15mm；Example 3: The cooling rate of the sample is 12°C/s, the diameter of the selected sample is 12mm, and the length is 15mm;
实施例4：试样冷却速度为6℃/s，选取试样的直径为18mm，长度为15mm；Example 4: The cooling rate of the sample is 6°C/s, the diameter of the selected sample is 18mm, and the length is 15mm;
4c)根据试样直径，确定试样的模拟冷却方式：4c) According to the diameter of the sample, determine the simulated cooling method of the sample:
实施例1：不存在反温平台；Embodiment 1: there is no reverse temperature platform;
实施例2-实施例4：存在反温平台；Example 2-Example 4: there is an inverse temperature plateau;
不同直径的试样其模拟冷却方式不同，基于此，如果想要进行存在反温平台和不存在反温平台这2种模拟冷却方式的实验，也可通过选择不同直径的试样来实现。Samples with different diameters have different simulated cooling methods. Based on this, if you want to conduct experiments with two simulated cooling methods, which are with and without an inversion temperature platform, you can also choose samples with different diameters.
5)对试样进行热模拟实验，记录试样加热、冷却过程的温度数据；5) Carry out a thermal simulation experiment on the sample, and record the temperature data of the heating and cooling process of the sample;
5a)不进行热压缩的热模拟实验：将试样加热到900℃，保温60s，使试样充分奥氏体化。然后断电，使试样在真空状态下进行自然冷却，通过不同直径的试样，实现线材自然冷却或强制风冷的模拟。5a) Thermal simulation experiment without hot compression: the sample is heated to 900° C. and kept for 60 s to fully austenitize the sample. Then the power is turned off, so that the sample is naturally cooled in a vacuum state, and the simulation of natural cooling or forced air cooling of the wire is realized through samples of different diameters.
5b)进行热压缩的热模拟实验：将试样加热到900℃，保温60s，使试样充分奥氏体化。然后对试样进行热压缩实验，变形速率5～20s-1，变形量10％～30％；然后断电，使试样在真空状态下进行自然冷却，通过不同直径的试样，实现线材自然冷却或强制风冷的模拟。5b) A thermal simulation experiment of hot compression is performed: the sample is heated to 900° C. and kept for 60 s to fully austenitize the sample. Then the sample is subjected to thermal compression experiment, the deformation rate is 5-20s -1 , and the deformation is 10%-30%; then the power is cut off, and the sample is naturally cooled in a vacuum state. Simulation of cooling or forced air cooling.
6)试样冷却后，选取热电偶下面深度为1.2mm位置的金属组织进行观察。首先对热模拟后的试样进行镶嵌，使热电偶位置在试样表面。然后采用80号砂纸将热模拟后的试样从热电偶位置起磨掉1.2mm。依次采用500号、800号、1000号砂纸研磨试样。对试样进行抛光操作后，采用质量浓度为4％的硝酸酒精溶液对金相试样进行腐蚀，在500倍金相显微镜下进行观察。6) After the sample is cooled, select the metal structure below the thermocouple with a depth of 1.2 mm for observation. First, mount the thermally simulated sample so that the thermocouple is located on the surface of the sample. The thermally simulated sample was then ground 1.2 mm away from the thermocouple position with 80-grit sandpaper. The samples were ground with No. 500, No. 800, and No. 1000 sandpaper in turn. After polishing the sample, the metallographic sample was corroded with a 4% nitric acid alcohol solution and observed under a 500-fold metallographic microscope.
以上所述，仅为本发明较佳的具体实施方式，但本发明的保护范围并不局限于此，任何熟悉本技术领域的技术人员在本发明揭露的技术范围内，根据本发明的技术方案及其发明构思加以等同替换或改变，都应涵盖在本发明的保护范围之内。The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited to this. The equivalent replacement or change of the inventive concept thereof shall be included within the protection scope of the present invention.
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