CN111982940A - Thermal neutron transmission imaging method and imaging device based on compact D-D neutron source - Google Patents
Thermal neutron transmission imaging method and imaging device based on compact D-D neutron source Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种基于紧凑型D‑D中子源的热中子透射成像方法及成像装置，采用紧凑型D‑D中子源提供外源中子，经中子慢化体将型D‑D中子源输出的2.45MeV的D‑D快中子慢化为热中子或超热中子，慢化后进入D‑D中子源上方中子慢化体中竖直设置的上大下小的锥形中子准直孔道内，经准直的热中子束透射被检测物体，透射穿过物体的热中子通过锥形中子准直孔道上端安装的热中子像探测器系统探测，经热中子像探测器系统转变为数字化的透射图像，得到热中子透射强度二维空间分布，进而获得被检测物体的内部结构及不同材料的空间分布情况。本发明具有可移动式、快速、准确、无损、良好空间分辨性的特点，可用于物体的无损检测。
The invention discloses a thermal neutron transmission imaging method and imaging device based on a compact D-D neutron source. The compact D-D neutron source is used to provide exogenous neutrons, and the type D The 2.45MeV D-D fast neutrons output by the ‑D neutron source are moderated into thermal neutrons or epithermal neutrons. In the large and small conical neutron collimation channels, the collimated thermal neutron beam transmits the detected object, and the thermal neutrons transmitted through the object are detected by the thermal neutron image installed at the upper end of the conical neutron collimation channel. It is detected by the thermal neutron image detector system and converted into a digital transmission image by the thermal neutron image detector system to obtain the two-dimensional spatial distribution of thermal neutron transmission intensity, and then obtain the internal structure of the detected object and the spatial distribution of different materials. The invention has the characteristics of being movable, fast, accurate, non-destructive and good in spatial resolution, and can be used for non-destructive detection of objects.
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明属于物体无损检测技术领域，尤其涉及一种基于紧凑型D-D中子源的热中子透射成像方法及成像装置。The invention belongs to the technical field of non-destructive detection of objects, and in particular relates to a thermal neutron transmission imaging method and imaging device based on a compact D-D neutron source.
背景技术Background technique
广义上的中子照相包含中子透射成像、中子断层扫描成像、中子共振成像、中子极化成像、中子相位成像、中子全息成像、中子小角散射成像、中子编码成像和中子相位成像等。与常见的X射线成像类似，中子照相是利用中子束穿透物体时发生散射或吸收作用而导致的强度变化，从而得到被照物体的结构及内部缺陷等信息的一种成像方式，是一种具有潜在应用价值的无损检测技术。中子对各种元素物质的敏感性与X射线相比存在明显差异，而且不同能量的中子对各物质的吸收系数也不同，热中子的元素敏感性好于快中子。因此，X射线成像一般用来检测重元素物质及其缺陷，而中子照相术作为X射线成像技术的重要补充，特别是低能中子成像，可以用来检测被重元素物质包裹着的轻元素物质及其缺陷，还可以用于区分同位素和临近元素。Neutron photography in a broad sense includes neutron transmission imaging, neutron tomography imaging, neutron resonance imaging, neutron polarization imaging, neutron phase imaging, neutron holography imaging, neutron small angle scattering imaging, neutron coding imaging and Neutron Phase Imaging, etc. Similar to common X-ray imaging, neutron photography is an imaging method that uses the intensity change caused by scattering or absorption when a neutron beam penetrates an object, thereby obtaining information such as the structure and internal defects of the illuminated object. A non-destructive testing technique with potential application value. The sensitivity of neutrons to various elements is significantly different from that of X-rays, and the absorption coefficients of neutrons with different energies to various substances are also different. The elemental sensitivity of thermal neutrons is better than that of fast neutrons. Therefore, X-ray imaging is generally used to detect heavy element substances and their defects, while neutron photography is an important supplement to X-ray imaging technology, especially low-energy neutron imaging, which can be used to detect light elements wrapped by heavy element substances. Matter and its defects can also be used to distinguish isotopes from neighboring elements.
热中子成像是利用能量约为0.025eV的热中子照射被检测物体进行成像的无损检测技术，热中子照相由于具有成像空间分辨率高、探测效率较高等优点而被广泛关注。热中子成像适合于小体积、薄物体的无损检测要求，应用于航空航天、工业生产、生物化学等多个领域，例如针对飞机发动机、机翼、火工品、核燃料组件等的无损检测以及对氢化物的检测等，中子照相技术的应用极大地促进了新能源和先进制造业的发展。国际上，瑞士保罗谢勒实验室的Lehman等人利用掺硼和钆的热中子荧光转换屏实现了热中子照相；美国加州伯克利大学的AS.Tremsin等人研制了基于热中子敏感微通道板(MCP)的热中子照相设备，并成功运用到了实际无损检测实验中；加拿大的NRAY公司在反应堆中子源上实现了热中子照相，并向诸如劳斯莱斯、通用和丰田等提供了技术支持用于发动机的成像；美国凤凰核物理实验室公司目前成功研制了可移动式热中子照相系统并向美国军方提供了用于炮弹等火工品的无损检测的技术支持。Thermal neutron imaging is a non-destructive testing technology that utilizes thermal neutrons with an energy of about 0.025 eV to irradiate the detected object for imaging. Thermal neutron photography has attracted widespread attention due to its advantages of high imaging spatial resolution and high detection efficiency. Thermal neutron imaging is suitable for non-destructive testing requirements of small and thin objects, and is used in aerospace, industrial production, biochemistry and other fields, such as non-destructive testing for aircraft engines, wings, pyrotechnics, nuclear fuel assemblies, etc. For the detection of hydrides, etc., the application of neutron photography technology has greatly promoted the development of new energy and advanced manufacturing. Internationally, Lehman et al. of Paul Scherer Laboratory in Switzerland realized thermal neutron photography using boron- and gadolinium-doped thermal neutron fluorescence conversion screens; AS. Tremsin et al. The thermal neutron photography equipment of the channel plate (MCP) has been successfully applied to the actual non-destructive testing experiment; Canada's NRAY company has realized the thermal neutron photography on the reactor neutron source, and has reported to companies such as Rolls-Royce, General Motors and Toyota. etc. provided technical support for the imaging of engines; the Phoenix Nuclear Physics Laboratory Company of the United States has successfully developed a mobile thermal neutron camera system and provided technical support for the non-destructive testing of artillery shells and other explosives to the US military .
现有技术存在的问题是：现有的热中子透射成像系统都是基于反应堆中子源提供热中子场，而反应堆中子源存在结构复杂、γ本底高、运行系统庞大、造价高、运行和维护成本昂贵、不可移动等缺陷。因此，基于反应堆的热中子透射成像系统很难适用于工业制造业、航空航天、船舶等领域物料的透射检测要求。其次，现有的热中子透射成像探测器采用热中子荧光转换屏或热中子敏感微通道板(MCP)器件，其工作原理是热中子转换为带电粒子，在MCP中电子倍增，通过荧光转换屏转换为光信号，采集光信号得到透射中子的信息，透射中子三次转换严重损害了中子的位置分辨率，使得整套系统的位置分辨率较低。The problems existing in the prior art are: the existing thermal neutron transmission imaging systems are all based on the reactor neutron source to provide the thermal neutron field, and the reactor neutron source has complex structure, high gamma background, huge operating system, and high cost. , expensive operation and maintenance, non-removable and other defects. Therefore, the thermal neutron transmission imaging system based on the reactor is difficult to apply to the transmission detection requirements of materials in the fields of industrial manufacturing, aerospace, and ships. Secondly, the existing thermal neutron transmission imaging detector adopts thermal neutron fluorescence conversion screen or thermal neutron sensitive microchannel plate (MCP) device. Its working principle is that thermal neutrons are converted into charged particles, and electrons are multiplied in MCP. The fluorescence conversion screen is converted into an optical signal, and the optical signal is collected to obtain the information of the transmitted neutron. The three-time conversion of the transmitted neutron seriously damages the positional resolution of the neutron, making the positional resolution of the entire system low.
发明内容SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
针对上述背景技术中指出的不足，本发明提供了一种基于紧凑型D-D中子源的热中子透射成像方法及成像装置，旨在解决上述背景技术中现有技术存在的问题。In view of the deficiencies pointed out in the above background technology, the present invention provides a thermal neutron transmission imaging method and imaging device based on a compact D-D neutron source, aiming to solve the problems existing in the prior art in the above background technology.
为实现上述目的，本发明采用的技术方案是：For achieving the above object, the technical scheme adopted in the present invention is:
基于紧凑型D-D中子源的热中子透射成像方法，采用紧凑型D-D中子源提供外源中子，所述紧凑型D-D中子源输出2.45MeV的D-D快中子，所述D-D快中子进入含氢中子慢化体中慢化为热中子或超热中子，慢化后的热中子或超热中子进入中子慢化体中的锥形中子准直孔道内，经准直的热中子束透射被检测物体，透射穿过物体的热中子通过热中子像探测器系统探测，探测到的热中子经热中子像探测器系统转变为数字化的透射图像，得到热中子透射强度二维空间分布，通过热中子透射强度二维空间分布得到被检测物体内部的结构图像。A thermal neutron transmission imaging method based on a compact D-D neutron source, using a compact D-D neutron source to provide exogenous neutrons, the compact D-D neutron source outputting 2.45MeV D-D fast neutrons, the D-D fast neutron The neutrons enter the hydrogen-containing neutron moderator and are moderated into thermal neutrons or epithermal neutrons, and the moderated thermal neutrons or epithermal neutrons enter the conical neutron collimation channel in the neutron moderator. , the collimated thermal neutron beam transmits the detected object, the thermal neutrons transmitted through the object are detected by the thermal neutron image detector system, and the detected thermal neutrons are converted into digital images by the thermal neutron image detector system The transmission image is obtained to obtain the two-dimensional spatial distribution of thermal neutron transmission intensity, and the structural image inside the detected object is obtained through the two-dimensional spatial distribution of thermal neutron transmission intensity.
本发明进一步提供了一种基于紧凑型D-D中子源的热中子透射成像装置，包括紧凑型D-D中子源、中子慢化体、γ屏蔽体、锥形中子准直孔道及热中子像探测器系统，所述紧凑型D-D中子源外包裹一定厚度的含氢中子慢化体，所述中子慢化体的外围包裹γ屏蔽体，保证装置外围的辐射安全性能，屏蔽体外表面30cm处的环境辐射剂量当量率小于2.5μSv/h的国家安全标准。所述紧凑型D-D中子源上方的中子慢化体中竖直设置上大下小的锥形中子准直孔道，用于获得准平行中子束，所述锥形中子准直孔道的上端安装热中子像探测器系统。The present invention further provides a thermal neutron transmission imaging device based on a compact D-D neutron source, comprising a compact D-D neutron source, a neutron moderator, a gamma shield, a conical neutron collimation channel and a thermal center In the sub-image detector system, the compact D-D neutron source is surrounded by a hydrogen-containing neutron moderator with a certain thickness, and the neutron moderator is surrounded by a gamma shielding body to ensure the radiation safety performance around the device, shielding The environmental radiation dose equivalent rate at 30cm of the external surface is less than the national safety standard of 2.5μSv/h. In the neutron moderator above the compact D-D neutron source, a conical neutron collimation channel with a large upper and a small lower is vertically arranged to obtain a quasi-parallel neutron beam. The conical neutron collimation channel The upper end of the thermal neutron image detector system is installed.
优选地，所述锥形中子准直孔道的下端位于所述紧凑型D-D中子源的中子输出口上方15cm处。Preferably, the lower end of the conical neutron collimation channel is located 15 cm above the neutron output port of the compact D-D neutron source.
优选地，所述锥形中子准直孔道的上端位于γ屏蔽体边界处，所述热中子像探测器系统位于γ屏蔽体外。Preferably, the upper end of the conical neutron collimation channel is located at the boundary of the gamma shield, and the thermal neutron image detector system is located outside the gamma shield.
优选地，所述中子慢化体的厚度为15cm。Preferably, the thickness of the neutron moderator is 15 cm.
优选地，所述热中子像探测器系统包括6LiF荧光转换屏、反射镜及CCD相机，所述6LiF荧光转换屏对准所述锥形中子准直孔道的上端，用于探测中子束，所述CCD相机上设置有光学镜头。Preferably, the thermal neutron image detector system includes a 6 LiF fluorescent conversion screen, a reflector and a CCD camera, and the 6 LiF fluorescent conversion screen is aligned with the upper end of the conical neutron collimation channel for detection during detection. The sub-beam is provided with an optical lens on the CCD camera.
本发明进一步提供了上述基于紧凑型D-D中子源的热中子透射成像装置利用透射热中子空间强度分布情况在无损检测方面的应用。The present invention further provides the application of the thermal neutron transmission imaging device based on the compact D-D neutron source in non-destructive testing by utilizing the spatial intensity distribution of transmitted thermal neutrons.
相比于现有技术的缺点和不足，本发明具有以下有益效果：Compared with the shortcomings and deficiencies of the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:
本发明提供的基于紧凑型D-D中子源的热中子透射成像方法利用紧凑型D-D加速器中子源发射中子，再利用中子慢化体慢化为热中子或超热中子透射样品，慢化准直后成像视野内的热中子注量大于104n/(cm2 s)，且中子注量空间均匀度大于95％，热中子平行度好于93％。对透射样品后的热中子探测并转化为数字化的透射图像，由于热中子与被检测物体中不同元素的吸收反应截面不一样，锥形中子准直孔道透射穿过被检测样品的中子通量在空间上具有差异性，因而通过透射图像可得到热中子透射强度二维空间分布，进而获得被检测物体的内部结构及不同材料的空间分布情况。本发明具有可移动式、快速、准确、无损、良好空间分辨性的特点，为我国工业制造业、航空航天、船舶等领域物料的透射检测提供设备基础。The thermal neutron transmission imaging method based on a compact DD neutron source provided by the present invention utilizes a compact DD accelerator neutron source to emit neutrons, and then uses a neutron moderator to moderate a thermal neutron or epithermal neutron transmission sample , the thermal neutron fluence in the imaging field of view after moderation and collimation is greater than 10 4 n/(cm 2 s), the spatial uniformity of the neutron fluence is greater than 95%, and the thermal neutron parallelism is better than 93%. The thermal neutrons after transmission of the sample are detected and converted into digital transmission images. Since thermal neutrons and different elements in the detected object have different absorption and reaction cross sections, the conical neutron collimation channel transmits through the middle of the detected sample. The sub-flux is spatially different, so the two-dimensional spatial distribution of thermal neutron transmission intensity can be obtained through the transmission image, and then the internal structure of the detected object and the spatial distribution of different materials can be obtained. The invention has the characteristics of being movable, fast, accurate, non-destructive and good in spatial resolution, and provides the equipment basis for the transmission detection of materials in the fields of industrial manufacturing, aerospace, ships and the like in my country.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1是本发明实施例提供的基于紧凑型D-D中子源的热中子透射成像方法的流程图。FIG. 1 is a flowchart of a thermal neutron transmission imaging method based on a compact D-D neutron source provided by an embodiment of the present invention.
图2是本发明实施例提供的基于紧凑型D-D中子源的热中子透射成像装置的结构示意图。FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a thermal neutron transmission imaging device based on a compact D-D neutron source provided by an embodiment of the present invention.
图3是本发明实施例提供的热中子像探测器系统的结构示意图。FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a thermal neutron image detector system provided by an embodiment of the present invention.
图中：1-紧凑型D-D中子源；2-中子慢化体；3-γ屏蔽体；4-锥形中子准直孔道；5-热中子像探测器系统；501-中子束；502-6LiF荧光转换屏；503-反射镜；504-光学镜头；505-CCD相机。In the figure: 1-compact DD neutron source; 2-neutron moderator; 3-gamma shield; 4-conical neutron collimation channel; 5-thermal neutron image detector system; 501-neutron beam; 502- 6 LiF phosphor conversion screen; 503- mirror; 504- optical lens; 505- CCD camera.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
为了使本发明的目的、技术方案及优点更加清楚明白，以下结合附图及实施例，对本发明进行进一步详细说明。应当理解，此处所描述的具体实施例仅仅用以解释本发明，并不用于限定本发明。In order to make the objectives, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention clearer, the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain the present invention, but not to limit the present invention.
本发明提供了一种基于紧凑型D-D中子源的热中子透射成像方法，流程图参照图1，采用紧凑型D-D中子源提供外源中子，其D-D中子产额大于109n/s，中子输出稳定度好于99％，紧凑型D-D中子源输出的2.45MeV的D-D快中子，经中子慢化体慢化为热中子或超热中子，慢化后的热中子或超热中子进入锥形中子准直孔道内，经准直的热中子束透射被检测物体，透射穿过物体的热中子被热中子像探测器系统探测，探测到的热中子经热中子像探测器系统转变为数字化的透射图像，得到热中子透射强度二维空间分布，通过热中子透射强度二维空间分布得到被检测物体内部的结构图像，从而获得被检测物体的内部结构及不同材料的空间分布情况。The present invention provides a thermal neutron transmission imaging method based on a compact DD neutron source. Referring to Fig. 1 for the flowchart, a compact DD neutron source is used to provide exogenous neutrons, and the DD neutron yield is greater than 10 9 n /s, the neutron output stability is better than 99%, the 2.45MeV DD fast neutrons output by the compact DD neutron source are moderated into thermal neutrons or epithermal neutrons by the neutron moderator. The thermal neutron or epithermal neutron enters the conical neutron collimation channel, the collimated thermal neutron beam transmits the detected object, and the thermal neutron transmitted through the object is detected by the thermal neutron image detector system. The detected thermal neutrons are converted into digital transmission images by the thermal neutron image detector system, and the two-dimensional spatial distribution of thermal neutron transmission intensity is obtained, and the structural image inside the detected object is obtained through the two-dimensional spatial distribution of thermal neutron transmission intensity , so as to obtain the internal structure of the detected object and the spatial distribution of different materials.
用于实现上述成像方法的成像装置参照图2，包括紧凑型D-D中子源1、中子慢化体2、γ屏蔽体3、锥形中子准直孔道4及热中子像探测器系统5，紧凑型D-D中子源1外包裹含氢中子慢化体2的厚度为15cm，能有效地将2.45MeV的D-D快中子慢化为热中子，热中子占比大于85％。中子慢化体2的外围包裹γ屏蔽体3，保证装置外围的辐射安全性能，屏蔽体3外表面30cm处的环境辐射剂量当量率小于2.5μSv/h的国家安全标准。紧凑型D-D中子源1上方的中子慢化体3中竖直设置上大下小的锥形中子准直孔道4，用于获得准平行中子束，锥形中子准直孔道4的下端位于紧凑型D-D中子源1的中子输出口上方15cm处。锥形中子准直孔道4的上端安装热中子像探测器系统5。热中子像探测器系统5位于γ屏蔽体3外。装置整体长为1.8m，宽为1.0m，高为1.0m。热中子像探测器系统5具有良好空间位置分辨率，可达到100μm，其结构参照图3，包括6LiF荧光转换屏502、反射镜503及CCD相机505，6LiF荧光转换屏502对准锥形中子准直孔道4的上端，用于探测锥形中子准直孔道4的中子束501，CCD相机505上设置有光学镜头504。透射核燃料的热中子与6LiF相互作用，发生核反应6Li+n→3H+4He+4.78MeV，产生带电粒子t和α粒子，带电粒子在晶体ZnS沉积能量，激发原子发射荧光，光信号经反射镜503反射后进入CCD相机505，CCD相机获得待测样品的透射图像信息。Referring to Fig. 2, the imaging device used to realize the above imaging method includes a compact DD neutron source 1, a
上述基于紧凑型D-D中子源的热中子透射成像装置可利用透射热中子空间强度分布情况对物体进行无损检测。The above-mentioned thermal neutron transmission imaging device based on the compact D-D neutron source can use the spatial intensity distribution of transmitted thermal neutrons to perform non-destructive testing on objects.
以上所述仅为本发明的较佳实施例而已，并不用以限制本发明，凡在本发明的精神和原则之内所作的任何修改、等同替换和改进等，均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。The above descriptions are only preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent replacements and improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present invention shall be included in the protection of the present invention. within the range.
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