CN112042995B - Tobacco leaf modulating method based on fruit and vegetable drying room, tobacco leaf and application - Google Patents
Tobacco leaf modulating method based on fruit and vegetable drying room, tobacco leaf and application Download PDFInfo
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- 241000208125 Nicotiana Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 173
- 235000002637 Nicotiana tabacum Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 173
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 51
- 235000012055 fruits and vegetables Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 33
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 29
- 238000001723 curing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 238000003306 harvesting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 238000009941 weaving Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 235000019504 cigarettes Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000008188 pellet Substances 0.000 claims description 72
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 24
- 210000003462 vein Anatomy 0.000 claims description 17
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000002087 whitening effect Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000009954 braiding Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 210000002435 tendon Anatomy 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000004383 yellowing Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000006641 stabilisation Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000011105 stabilization Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 9
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000000630 rising effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 244000061176 Nicotiana tabacum Species 0.000 description 1
- 238000003915 air pollution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001174 ascending effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011112 process operation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000087 stabilizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A24—TOBACCO; CIGARS; CIGARETTES; SIMULATED SMOKING DEVICES; SMOKERS' REQUISITES
- A24B—MANUFACTURE OR PREPARATION OF TOBACCO FOR SMOKING OR CHEWING; TOBACCO; SNUFF
- A24B3/00—Preparing tobacco in the factory
- A24B3/10—Roasting or cooling tobacco
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A24—TOBACCO; CIGARS; CIGARETTES; SIMULATED SMOKING DEVICES; SMOKERS' REQUISITES
- A24B—MANUFACTURE OR PREPARATION OF TOBACCO FOR SMOKING OR CHEWING; TOBACCO; SNUFF
- A24B1/00—Preparation of tobacco on the plantation
- A24B1/02—Arrangements in barns for preparatory treatment of the tobacco, e.g. with devices for drying
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A24—TOBACCO; CIGARS; CIGARETTES; SIMULATED SMOKING DEVICES; SMOKERS' REQUISITES
- A24B—MANUFACTURE OR PREPARATION OF TOBACCO FOR SMOKING OR CHEWING; TOBACCO; SNUFF
- A24B1/00—Preparation of tobacco on the plantation
- A24B1/06—Stringing tobacco leaves
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A24—TOBACCO; CIGARS; CIGARETTES; SIMULATED SMOKING DEVICES; SMOKERS' REQUISITES
- A24B—MANUFACTURE OR PREPARATION OF TOBACCO FOR SMOKING OR CHEWING; TOBACCO; SNUFF
- A24B3/00—Preparing tobacco in the factory
- A24B3/12—Steaming, curing, or flavouring tobacco
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Abstract
The invention discloses a tobacco leaf modulating method based on a fruit and vegetable drying room, tobacco leaves and application. The tobacco leaf modulation method comprises the steps of harvesting fresh cured tobacco leaves; weaving tobacco leaves into rods and then putting the rods into a fruit and vegetable drying room; and (4) baking the tobacco leaves in the furnace, and continuously baking for nine sections to obtain the baked tobacco leaves. The tobacco leaves are obtained by a tobacco leaf preparation method. The application is the application of the tobacco leaves obtained by the tobacco leaf blending method in the preparation of cigarettes. According to the characteristics of the fruit and vegetable drying room, the temperature rise speed, the temperature and humidity set point and the temperature stabilization time of each stage are accurately controlled, and the change conditions of tobacco leaves in each stage are observed to modulate, compared with the traditional three-stage tobacco curing method, the method is simple to operate and flexible to adjust, the curing cost is reduced by 0.25 yuan/kg, the secondary tobacco is reduced by 1.46%, the average price is improved by 0.85 yuan/kg, and the problems of moderate-scale planting of tobacco growers, disordered tobacco leaf maturity, reduced curing cost and the like can be effectively solved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of tobacco leaf modulation, and particularly relates to a tobacco leaf modulation method based on a fruit and vegetable drying room, which is simple in operation and flexible in adjustment and can obviously reduce the flue-cured tobacco curing cost and the inferior tobacco proportion, tobacco leaves and application.
Background
With the deep advance of the construction of tobacco leaf infrastructure, great changes occur in tobacco leaf curing barn and process. On one hand, the traditional baking process has high operation labor intensity, unstable baking effect, low automation level and intensification degree, has more and more prominent problems of serious air pollution and the like, and becomes an obstacle to the sustainable development of tobacco production; on the other hand, no matter the airflow rising or falling type curing barn has large tobacco loading capacity and large quality difference of fresh tobacco leaves, the curing process is difficult to execute, and the curing loss is serious, but the novel intelligent intensive small board house (hereinafter referred to as a fruit and vegetable drying house) fully utilizes the existing fruit and vegetable drying house to modulate the tobacco leaves for tobacco growers with moderate planting scale and disordered tobacco leaf maturity, so that the early investment and the later period management and protection cost of the curing setting can be effectively saved, the occupied area of the facility can be reduced, the curing process operation can be accurately executed, and the curing loss is reduced. However, from the viewpoint of equipment structure and management and protection, because the tobacco grower is used to the past baking mode and does not know the structure, baking technology and the like of the fruit and vegetable drying room in place, the fruit and vegetable drying room is used for tobacco leaf curing by adopting the traditional baking mode, so that the practical problems of low tobacco leaf baking quality, unobvious benefit and the like often exist, and the application of the fruit and vegetable drying room in tobacco leaf curing is restricted.
Therefore, aiming at the structural characteristics of the fruit and vegetable drying room, how to flexibly adjust the baking parameters according to the change condition of the tobacco leaves, obviously reduce the baking cost of the flue-cured tobacco and reduce the proportion of secondary tobacco is required to explore the baking process of each link in the tobacco leaf baking process, carefully analyze and summarize, and then a feasible modulation technical scheme can be made.
Disclosure of Invention
The first purpose of the invention is to provide a tobacco leaf modulating method based on a fruit and vegetable drying room, which is simple to operate and flexible to adjust, and can obviously reduce the flue-cured tobacco curing cost and the low-grade tobacco proportion.
The first object of the present invention is achieved by: the method comprises the steps of harvesting, braiding, first-stage control, second-stage control, third-stage control, fourth-stage control, fifth-stage control, sixth-stage control, seventh-stage control, eighth-stage control and ninth-stage control, and specifically comprises the following steps:
A. harvesting: harvesting properly-cured fresh tobacco leaves:
B. weaving and assembling: b, weaving the tobacco leaves collected in the step A into rods according to the conventional method, and then loading the rods into a fruit and vegetable drying room;
C. first-stage control: after ignition, raising the temperature of the dry pellets to 31-33 ℃ from room temperature at a heating rate of 1 ℃/h, controlling the temperature of the wet pellets to 31-33 ℃, and finishing the temperature-stabilizing baking for 5-7 h;
D. and (4) second-stage control: after the first-stage control is finished, raising the temperature of the dry pellets to 33-35 ℃ at a temperature rise speed of 1 ℃/h, controlling the temperature of the wet pellets to 32-34 ℃, and baking at a stable temperature for 18-22 h until the tobacco leaves in the high-temperature layer turn yellow for more than 5 cm;
E. three-stage control: after the second-stage control is finished, raising the temperature of the dry pellets to 37-39 ℃ at a heating rate of 1 ℃/2h, controlling the temperature of the wet pellets to 34-36 ℃, and stably baking for 22-26 h until the tobacco leaves in the high-temperature layer turn yellow for 7-8 hours, and finishing yellowing;
F. four-stage control: after the three-section control is finished, raising the temperature of the dry balls to 41-43 ℃ at a heating rate of 1 ℃/2h, controlling the temperature of the wet balls to 34-36 ℃, and baking at a stable temperature for 15-17 h until the tobacco leaves on the low-temperature layer reach the conditions that the yellow pieces have slight green blue and green tendons, wither and collapse and main pulse softening are finished;
G. five-stage control: after the four-section control is finished, raising the temperature of the dry pellets to 45-47 ℃ at a heating rate of 1 ℃/3h, controlling the temperature of the wet pellets to 34-36 ℃, and baking at a stable temperature for 18-22 h until the low-temperature layer tobacco yellow sheet green-rib small reel is finished;
H. six-stage control: after the control of the five sections is finished, raising the temperature of the dry pellets to 47-49 ℃ at a temperature raising speed of 1 ℃/3h, controlling the temperature of the wet pellets to 34-36 ℃, and baking at a stable temperature for 15-17 h until the green-removing and whitening of tobacco ribs of the tobacco leaves in the low-temperature layer are finished;
J. seven-stage control: after the six-section control is finished, raising the temperature of the dry pellets to 53-55 ℃ at a temperature raising speed of 1 ℃/2h, controlling the temperature of the wet pellets to 34-36 ℃, and baking at a stable temperature for 11-13 h until the low-temperature layer tobacco leaves are wound on a large reel;
K. eight-stage control: after the seven-section control is finished, raising the temperature of the dry pellets to 61-63 ℃ at a temperature raising speed of 1 ℃/h, controlling the temperature of the wet pellets to 36-38 ℃, and baking at a stable temperature for 11-13 h until the main vein of the tobacco leaves in the high-temperature layer is completely dried;
l, nine-stage control: after the eight-section control is finished, the temperature of the dry bulb is increased to 67-69 ℃ at the heating rate of 1 ℃/h, the temperature of the wet bulb is controlled to 36-38 ℃, the tobacco leaves are baked for 22-26 h at a stable temperature until the main vein of the tobacco leaves in the whole furnace is completely dried, and then the tobacco leaves are cooled and discharged from the furnace.
The second object of the present invention is achieved by: the tobacco leaves obtained by the tobacco leaf modulation method of the first purpose.
The third object of the present invention is achieved by: the use of tobacco leaves of a second purpose in the preparation of cigarettes.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
according to the modulation method, the baking process is divided into nine stages to be controlled respectively according to the characteristics of the fruit and vegetable drying room, the heating speed, the temperature and humidity setting point and the temperature stabilizing time of each stage are controlled accurately, and the change condition of tobacco leaves in each stage is observed to modulate, compared with the traditional three-stage flue-cured tobacco method, the method has the advantages that the early input and later management and protection cost of baking equipment is low, the occupied area is small, the operation of each stage is simple, the adjustment is flexible, the baking cost is reduced by 0.25 yuan/kg, the secondary tobacco is reduced by 1.46%, the average price is improved by 0.85 yuan/kg, and the problems of moderate-scale planting of tobacco growers, disordered tobacco leaf maturity, baking cost reduction and the like can be solved effectively.
Detailed Description
The present invention is further illustrated by the following examples, but is not limited thereto in any way, and any modification or improvement based on the teaching of the present invention is within the scope of the present invention.
The tobacco leaf modulating method based on the fruit and vegetable drying room comprises the steps of harvesting, braiding, first-stage control, second-stage control, third-stage control, fourth-stage control, fifth-stage control, sixth-stage control, seventh-stage control, eighth-stage control and ninth-stage control, and specifically comprises the following steps:
A. harvesting: harvesting properly-cured fresh tobacco leaves:
B. weaving and assembling: b, weaving the tobacco leaves collected in the step A into rods according to the conventional method, and then loading the rods into a fruit and vegetable drying room;
C. first-stage control: after ignition, raising the temperature of the dry pellets to 31-33 ℃ from room temperature at a heating rate of 1 ℃/h, controlling the temperature of the wet pellets to 31-33 ℃, and finishing the temperature-stabilizing baking for 5-7 h;
D. and (4) second-stage control: after the first-stage control is finished, raising the temperature of the dry pellets to 33-35 ℃ at a temperature rise speed of 1 ℃/h, controlling the temperature of the wet pellets to 32-34 ℃, and baking at a stable temperature for 18-22 h until the tobacco leaves in the high-temperature layer turn yellow for more than 5 cm;
E. three-stage control: after the second-stage control is finished, raising the temperature of the dry pellets to 37-39 ℃ at a heating rate of 1 ℃/2h, controlling the temperature of the wet pellets to 34-36 ℃, and stably baking for 22-26 h until the tobacco leaves in the high-temperature layer turn yellow for 7-8 hours, and finishing yellowing;
F. four-stage control: after the three-section control is finished, raising the temperature of the dry balls to 41-43 ℃ at a heating rate of 1 ℃/2h, controlling the temperature of the wet balls to 34-36 ℃, and baking at a stable temperature for 15-17 h until the tobacco leaves on the low-temperature layer reach the conditions that the yellow pieces have slight green blue and green tendons, wither and collapse and main pulse softening are finished;
G. five-stage control: after the four-section control is finished, raising the temperature of the dry pellets to 45-47 ℃ at a heating rate of 1 ℃/3h, controlling the temperature of the wet pellets to 34-36 ℃, and baking at a stable temperature for 18-22 h until the low-temperature layer tobacco yellow sheet green-rib small reel is finished;
H. six-stage control: after the control of the five sections is finished, raising the temperature of the dry pellets to 47-49 ℃ at a temperature raising speed of 1 ℃/3h, controlling the temperature of the wet pellets to 34-36 ℃, and baking at a stable temperature for 15-17 h until the green-removing and whitening of tobacco ribs of the tobacco leaves in the low-temperature layer are finished;
J. seven-stage control: after the six-section control is finished, raising the temperature of the dry pellets to 53-55 ℃ at a temperature raising speed of 1 ℃/2h, controlling the temperature of the wet pellets to 34-36 ℃, and baking at a stable temperature for 11-13 h until the low-temperature layer tobacco leaves are wound on a large reel;
K. eight-stage control: after the seven-section control is finished, raising the temperature of the dry pellets to 61-63 ℃ at a temperature raising speed of 1 ℃/h, controlling the temperature of the wet pellets to 36-38 ℃, and baking at a stable temperature for 11-13 h until the main vein of the tobacco leaves in the high-temperature layer is completely dried;
l, nine-stage control: after the eight-section control is finished, the temperature of the dry bulb is increased to 67-69 ℃ at the heating rate of 1 ℃/h, the temperature of the wet bulb is controlled to 36-38 ℃, the tobacco leaves are baked for 22-26 h at a stable temperature until the main vein of the tobacco leaves in the whole furnace is completely dried, and then the tobacco leaves are cooled and discharged from the furnace.
The cured fresh tobacco leaves in the step A are yellow green, white in main veins and mature characteristics.
And the fruit and vegetable drying room in the step B is an airflow descending type bulk drying room or an airflow ascending type bulk drying room.
The high-temperature layer is the top layer of the air-flow-down type bulk drying room and the bottom layer of the air-flow-up type bulk drying room, and the low-temperature layer is the bottom layer of the air-flow-down type bulk drying room and the top layer of the air-flow-up type bulk drying room.
And in the step B, the tobacco density of the tobacco leaves loaded into the fruit and vegetable drying room is 40-45 kg/m3And the tobacco is filled to more than 95 percent of the volume of the fruit and vegetable drying room.
The varieties of the flue-cured tobacco comprise K326, KRK26 and Yunyan tobacco series.
The tobacco leaf is obtained by the tobacco leaf modulating method based on the fruit and vegetable drying room.
The tobacco leaves obtained by the tobacco leaf modulating method based on the fruit and vegetable drying room are applied to the preparation of cigarettes.
Example 1
S100: according to the requirements of yellow-green leaf color, white main vein and mature characteristic display, K326 ripe fresh tobacco leaves planted in Jiuxin town of Jiangxi city aiming at the test are collected.
S200: the harvested fresh tobacco leaves which are proper for maturity are woven into rods according to the conventional method, and then the tobacco leaves which are woven into rods according to the ratio of 42kg/m3The tobacco is filled to the density of more than 95 percent of the volume of the drying chamber, and the tobacco is filled into an airflow descending type bulk drying room to be baked.
S300: after the fire is started, the temperature of the dry bulb is increased from room temperature to 31 ℃ at the heating rate of 1 ℃/h, the temperature of the wet bulb is controlled to 31 ℃, and the baking is finished for 5h under the stable temperature.
S400: and after S300 is finished, continuously raising the temperature of the dry pellets to 33 ℃ at the temperature rise speed of 1 ℃/h, controlling the temperature of the wet pellets to 32 ℃, and stably baking for 22h until the top-layer tobacco leaves turn yellow by more than 5 cm.
S500: and after S400, continuously raising the temperature of the dry pellets to 37 ℃ at the heating rate of 1 ℃/2h, controlling the temperature of the wet pellets to 34 ℃, and baking for 26h at a stable temperature until the top layer tobacco leaves turn yellow 7-8 to be yellow.
S600: and after S500 is finished, continuously raising the temperature of the dry pellets to 41 ℃ at the heating rate of 1 ℃/2h, controlling the temperature of the wet pellets to 34 ℃, and baking for 15h at a stable temperature until the bottom layer tobacco leaves reach the conditions of slight greenness of yellow sheet green ribs, withering and collapse and main pulse softening.
S700: and after S600 is finished, continuously raising the temperature of the dry pellets to 45 ℃ at the temperature rise speed of 1 ℃/3h, controlling the temperature of the wet pellets to 34 ℃, and stably baking for 22h until the bottom layer tobacco yellow sheet green-rib small reel is finished.
S800: and after S700, continuously raising the temperature of the dry bulb to 47 ℃ at the temperature rise speed of 1 ℃/3h, controlling the temperature of the wet bulb to 34 ℃, and baking for 15h at a stable temperature until the green-removing and whitening of tobacco ribs of the bottom layer tobacco leaves are finished.
S900: and after S800, continuously raising the temperature of the dry pellets to 53 ℃ at the temperature rise speed of 1 ℃/2h, controlling the temperature of the wet pellets to 34 ℃, and stably baking for 11h until the large reel of the bottom layer tobacco leaves is finished.
S1000: and after S900 is finished, continuously raising the temperature of the dry bulb to 61 ℃ at the temperature rise speed of 1 ℃/h, controlling the temperature of the wet bulb to 36 ℃, and baking at a stable temperature for 13h until the main vein of the top-layer tobacco leaves is completely dried.
S1100: and after S1000 is finished, continuously raising the temperature of the dry bulb to 67 ℃ at the temperature rise speed of 1 ℃/h, controlling the temperature of the wet bulb to 36 ℃, baking for 26h at a stable temperature until the main vein of the tobacco leaves in the whole furnace is completely dried, and then cooling and discharging the tobacco leaves from the furnace.
Example 2
S100: KRK26 ripe fresh tobacco leaves planted in Jiuxian town of Jiangxian city aiming at the test are collected according to the requirements of yellow-green leaves, white main veins and mature characteristics.
S200: the harvested fresh tobacco leaves which are proper to ripeness are woven into rods according to the conventional method and then are woven into rods according to the ratio of 45kg/m3The tobacco is filled to the density of more than 95 percent of the volume of the drying chamber, and the tobacco is filled into an airflow descending type bulk drying room to be baked.
S300: after the fire is started, the temperature of the dry bulb is increased from room temperature to 33 ℃ at the temperature rising speed of 1 ℃/h, the temperature of the wet bulb is controlled to 33 ℃, and the stable-temperature baking is finished for 7 h.
S400: and after S300 is finished, continuously raising the temperature of the dry pellets to 35 ℃ at the temperature rise speed of 1 ℃/h, controlling the temperature of the wet pellets to 34 ℃, and baking for 18h at a stable temperature until the top layer tobacco leaves turn yellow by more than 5 cm.
S500: and after S400, continuously raising the temperature of the dry pellets to 39 ℃ at the heating rate of 1 ℃/2h, controlling the temperature of the wet pellets to 36 ℃, and stably baking for 22h until the top layer tobacco leaves turn yellow 7-8 to be yellow.
S600: and after S500 is finished, continuously raising the temperature of the dry pellets to 43 ℃ at the temperature rise speed of 1 ℃/2h, controlling the temperature of the wet pellets to 36 ℃, and stably baking for 17h until the bottom layer tobacco leaves reach the conditions of slight greenness of yellow sheet green ribs, withering and collapsing and main pulse softening.
S700: and after S600 is finished, continuously raising the temperature of the dry pellets to 47 ℃ at the temperature rise speed of 1 ℃/3h, controlling the temperature of the wet pellets to 36 ℃, and baking for 18h at a stable temperature until the bottom layer tobacco yellow sheet green-rib small reel is finished.
S800: and after S700, continuously raising the temperature of the dry bulb to 49 ℃ at the temperature rise speed of 1 ℃/3h, controlling the temperature of the wet bulb to 36 ℃, and baking for 17h at a stable temperature until the green-removing and whitening of tobacco ribs of the bottom layer tobacco leaves are finished.
S900: and after S800, continuously raising the temperature of the dry pellets to 55 ℃ at the temperature rise speed of 1 ℃/2h, controlling the temperature of the wet pellets to 36 ℃, and baking for 13h at a stable temperature until the large reel of the bottom layer tobacco leaves is finished.
S1000: and after S900 is finished, continuously raising the temperature of the dry bulb to 63 ℃ at the temperature rise speed of 1 ℃/h, controlling the temperature of the wet bulb to 38 ℃, and baking at a stable temperature for 11h until the main vein of the top-layer tobacco leaves is completely dried.
S1100: and after S1000 is finished, continuously raising the temperature of the dry bulb to 69 ℃ at the heating rate of 1 ℃/h, controlling the temperature of the wet bulb to 38 ℃, stably baking for 22h until the main vein of the tobacco leaves in the whole furnace is completely dried, and then cooling and discharging the tobacco leaves from the furnace.
Example 3
S100: according to the requirements of yellow-green leaf color, white main vein and mature characteristic display, the Yunyan 99 ripe fresh tobacco leaves planted in the Mingdu county of the Dali province are harvested.
S200: the harvested fresh tobacco leaves which are proper to ripeness are woven into rods according to the conventional method and then are woven into rods according to the ratio of 43kg/m3The tobacco is filled to the density of more than 95 percent of the volume of the drying chamber, and the tobacco is filled into an airflow descending type bulk drying room to be baked.
S300: after the fire is started, the temperature of the dry bulb is increased from room temperature to 32 ℃ at the heating rate of 1 ℃/h, the temperature of the wet bulb is controlled to 32 ℃, and the temperature-stabilizing baking is finished for 6 h.
S400: and after S300 is finished, continuously raising the temperature of the dry pellets to 34 ℃ at the temperature rise speed of 1 ℃/h, controlling the temperature of the wet pellets to 33 ℃, and baking for 20h at a stable temperature until the top layer tobacco leaves turn yellow by more than 5 cm.
S500: and after S400, continuously raising the temperature of the dry pellets to 38 ℃ at the heating rate of 1 ℃/2h, controlling the temperature of the wet pellets to 35 ℃, and stably baking for 24h until the top-layer tobacco leaves turn yellow 7-8 to be yellow.
S600: and after S500 is finished, continuously raising the temperature of the dry pellets to 42 ℃ at the heating rate of 1 ℃/2h, controlling the temperature of the wet pellets to 35 ℃, and baking for 16h at a stable temperature until the bottom layer tobacco leaves reach the conditions of slight greenness of yellow sheet green ribs, withering and collapse and main pulse softening.
S700: and after S600 is finished, continuously raising the temperature of the dry pellets to 46 ℃ at the temperature rise speed of 1 ℃/3h, controlling the temperature of the wet pellets to 35 ℃, and baking for 20h at a stable temperature until the bottom layer tobacco yellow sheet green-rib small reel is finished.
S800: and after S700, continuously raising the temperature of the dry bulb to 48 ℃ at the temperature rise speed of 1 ℃/3h, controlling the temperature of the wet bulb to 35 ℃, and baking for 16h at a stable temperature until the green-removing and white-turning of tobacco ribs of the bottom layer tobacco leaves are finished.
S900: and after S800, continuously raising the temperature of the dry pellets to 54 ℃ at the temperature rise speed of 1 ℃/2h, controlling the temperature of the wet pellets to 35 ℃, and baking for 12h at a stable temperature until the large reel of the bottom layer tobacco leaves is finished.
S1000: and after S900 is finished, continuously raising the temperature of the dry bulb to 62 ℃ at the temperature rise speed of 1 ℃/h, controlling the temperature of the wet bulb to 37 ℃, and baking for 12h at a stable temperature until the main vein of the top-layer tobacco leaves is completely dried.
S1100: and after S1000 is finished, continuously raising the temperature of the dry bulb to 68 ℃ at the temperature rise speed of 1 ℃/h, controlling the temperature of the wet bulb to 37 ℃, stably baking for 24h until the main vein of the tobacco leaves in the whole furnace is completely dried, and then cooling and discharging the tobacco leaves from the furnace.
Test example 1
The tobacco leaves harvested in the embodiments 1, 2 and 3 are respectively roasted by adopting a traditional three-stage type modulation process, and the obtained flue-cured tobaccos are respectively called a control group 1, a control group 2 and a control group 3. The cost and economic characteristics of the tobacco leaves prepared in the examples and the tobacco leaves prepared in the control group were measured, and the results are shown in tables 1 and 2, respectively.
TABLE 1 influence of different modulation processes on the baking cost (middle tobacco leaf for example, repeat 3 times)
TABLE 2 influence of different modulation methods on economic properties of tobacco leaves
And (4) conclusion: as can be seen from tables 1 and 2, compared with the traditional three-stage tobacco leaf curing process, the curing cost of the curing method provided by the invention is averagely reduced by about 0.25 yuan/kg of dry tobacco, the appearance quality of cured tobacco leaves is improved, the low-grade tobacco is reduced by about 1.46%, the average price is improved by about 0.85 yuan/kg of dry tobacco, the income of tobacco growers is increased, and the curing method is worthy of further popularization and application.
Claims (7)
1. A tobacco leaf modulating method based on a fruit and vegetable drying room is characterized by comprising the steps of harvesting, braiding, first-stage control, second-stage control, third-stage control, fourth-stage control, fifth-stage control, sixth-stage control, seventh-stage control, eighth-stage control and ninth-stage control, and specifically comprises the following steps:
A. harvesting: harvesting the cured tobacco fresh tobacco leaves, wherein the cured tobacco fresh tobacco leaves refer to the cured tobacco leaves with yellow green leaf color, white main veins and displayed cured characteristics:
B. weaving and assembling: b, weaving the tobacco leaves collected in the step A into rods according to the conventional method, and then loading the rods into a fruit and vegetable drying room;
C. first-stage control: after ignition, raising the temperature of the dry pellets to 31-33 ℃ from room temperature at a heating rate of 1 ℃/h, controlling the temperature of the wet pellets to 31-33 ℃, and finishing the temperature-stabilizing baking for 5-7 h;
D. and (4) second-stage control: after the first-stage control is finished, raising the temperature of the dry pellets to 33-35 ℃ at a temperature rise speed of 1 ℃/h, controlling the temperature of the wet pellets to 32-34 ℃, and baking at a stable temperature for 18-22 h until the tobacco leaves in the high-temperature layer turn yellow for more than 5 cm;
E. three-stage control: after the second-stage control is finished, raising the temperature of the dry pellets to 37-39 ℃ at a heating rate of 1 ℃/2h, controlling the temperature of the wet pellets to 34-36 ℃, and stably baking for 22-26 h until the tobacco leaves in the high-temperature layer turn yellow for 7-8 hours, and finishing yellowing;
F. four-stage control: after the three-section control is finished, raising the temperature of the dry balls to 41-43 ℃ at a heating rate of 1 ℃/2h, controlling the temperature of the wet balls to 34-36 ℃, and baking at a stable temperature for 15-17 h until the tobacco leaves on the low-temperature layer reach the conditions that the yellow pieces have slight green blue and green tendons, wither and collapse and main pulse softening are finished;
G. five-stage control: after the four-section control is finished, raising the temperature of the dry pellets to 45-47 ℃ at a heating rate of 1 ℃/3h, controlling the temperature of the wet pellets to 34-36 ℃, and baking at a stable temperature for 18-22 h until the low-temperature layer tobacco yellow sheet green-rib small reel is finished;
H. six-stage control: after the control of the five sections is finished, raising the temperature of the dry pellets to 47-49 ℃ at a temperature raising speed of 1 ℃/3h, controlling the temperature of the wet pellets to 34-36 ℃, and baking at a stable temperature for 15-17 h until the green-removing and whitening of tobacco ribs of the tobacco leaves in the low-temperature layer are finished;
J. seven-stage control: after the six-section control is finished, raising the temperature of the dry pellets to 53-55 ℃ at a temperature raising speed of 1 ℃/2h, controlling the temperature of the wet pellets to 34-36 ℃, and baking at a stable temperature for 11-13 h until the low-temperature layer tobacco leaves are wound on a large reel;
K. eight-stage control: after the seven-section control is finished, raising the temperature of the dry pellets to 61-63 ℃ at a temperature raising speed of 1 ℃/h, controlling the temperature of the wet pellets to 36-38 ℃, and baking at a stable temperature for 11-13 h until the main vein of the tobacco leaves in the high-temperature layer is completely dried;
l, nine-stage control: after the eight-section control is finished, the temperature of the dry bulb is increased to 67-69 ℃ at the heating rate of 1 ℃/h, the temperature of the wet bulb is controlled to 36-38 ℃, the tobacco leaves are baked for 22-26 h at a stable temperature until the main vein of the tobacco leaves in the whole furnace is completely dried, and then the tobacco leaves are cooled and discharged from the furnace.
2. The tobacco leaf curing method based on the fruit and vegetable drying room according to claim 1, wherein the fruit and vegetable drying room in the step B is an air-flow-down type bulk drying room or an air-flow-up type bulk drying room.
3. The tobacco leaf modulating method based on the fruit and vegetable drying room according to claim 1, wherein the high temperature layer is a top layer of an air-flow-down type bulk drying room and a bottom layer of an air-flow-up type bulk drying room, and the low temperature layer is a bottom layer of the air-flow-down type bulk drying room and a top layer of the air-flow-up type bulk drying room.
4. The tobacco leaf curing method based on the fruit and vegetable drying room according to claim 1, wherein the tobacco leaf loading density of the tobacco leaves loaded into the fruit and vegetable drying room in the step B is 40-45 kg/m3And the tobacco is filled to more than 95 percent of the volume of the fruit and vegetable drying room.
5. The tobacco leaf curing method based on the fruit and vegetable drying room as claimed in claim 1, wherein the varieties of the flue-cured tobacco include K326, KRK26 or Yunyan series.
6. Tobacco leaves obtained by the tobacco leaf curing method based on the fruit and vegetable drying room according to any one of claims 1 to 5.
7. The application of the tobacco leaves obtained by the tobacco leaf modulating method based on the fruit and vegetable drying room according to claim 6 in the preparation of cigarettes.
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| CN1686010A (en) * | 2004-12-29 | 2005-10-26 | 恩施自治州玉叶工贸有限责任公司 | Fast energy saving environmental protection densed tobacco flue-cured chamber and its baking technology |
| CN101342006B (en) * | 2007-07-10 | 2012-12-26 | 贵州省烟草公司遵义市公司 | Method for baking tobacco leaf of intelligentized miniature compact tobacco flue-curing house |
| US8151804B2 (en) * | 2008-12-23 | 2012-04-10 | Williams Jonnie R | Tobacco curing method |
| CN103932375B (en) * | 2014-04-14 | 2016-04-27 | 张灿国 | A kind of flue-cured tobacco leaf that falls apart toasts the bent techniques of nine steps |
| CN109691681B (en) * | 2019-01-23 | 2021-11-12 | 湖北省烟草公司恩施州公司 | Intensive baking process for cloud 87 tobacco leaf baking soft baking aroma |
| CN109875090A (en) * | 2019-03-12 | 2019-06-14 | 潍坊市烟草专卖局 | A kind of baking method for middle 101 lower tobacco leaf of cigarette |
| CN110786531A (en) * | 2019-11-19 | 2020-02-14 | 云南省烟草农业科学研究院 | Tobacco leaf modulation method suitable for air source heat pump bulk curing barn |
| CN111084403B (en) * | 2019-12-23 | 2022-02-18 | 贵州省烟草公司黔南州公司 | Medium-temperature moisture-preserving yellowing intensive hanging rod baking method for middle-upper tobacco leaves |
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| CN102511917A (en) * | 2011-11-30 | 2012-06-27 | 四川省烟草公司宜宾市公司 | Tobacco flue-curing method for bulk curing barn |
| CN108669621A (en) * | 2018-08-09 | 2018-10-19 | 云南省烟草公司普洱市公司 | A kind of tobacco flue-curing method reducing the black poor cigarette incidence of warm wet cigarette district |
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