CN112201935B - Structure and method for feeding broadband planar antenna by using flexible coplanar waveguide - Google Patents
Structure and method for feeding broadband planar antenna by using flexible coplanar waveguide Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种使用柔性共面波导对宽带天线馈电的结构，包括宽带平面天线、两组柔性共面波导、两根弯曲传输线、公共地，使用柔性共面波导对宽带天线馈电，宽带平面天线包括一对互相交叉极化的两个天线，每组柔性共面波导包括三根柔性共面波导线，每一个宽带平面天线、一组柔性共面波导、一根弯曲传输线及公共地形成一组环路，柔性共面波导的一端连接一个天线的差分输入端，另一端延伸至公共地下方并提供单端馈电，两组柔性共面波导形成“X”形实现共点馈电。本发明的使用柔性共面波导对宽带天线馈电的结构可实现对宽带天线从差分到单端馈电的转换，柔性设计使共面波导与天线的连接端可以使用导电粘合剂，避免需要承受高温焊接的高成本材料。
The invention discloses a structure for feeding power to a broadband antenna by using a flexible coplanar waveguide, including a broadband planar antenna, two groups of flexible coplanar waveguides, two curved transmission lines, and a common ground. The flexible coplanar waveguide is used to feed power to the broadband antenna. The broadband planar antenna includes a pair of two antennas that are cross-polarized with each other. Each set of flexible coplanar waveguides includes three flexible coplanar waveguides. Each broadband planar antenna, a set of flexible coplanar waveguides, a curved transmission line and a common ground form A set of loops, one end of the flexible coplanar waveguide is connected to the differential input end of an antenna, and the other end is extended to the common ground and provides single-ended feeding. Two sets of flexible coplanar waveguides form an "X" shape to achieve common point feeding. The structure of the present invention that uses the flexible coplanar waveguide to feed the broadband antenna can realize the conversion of the broadband antenna from differential to single-ended feeding. The flexible design enables the connection end of the coplanar waveguide and the antenna to use conductive adhesive, avoiding the Costly material to withstand high temperature soldering.
Description
技术领域Technical Field
本发明涉及一种使用柔性共面波导实现对宽带平面阵列天线馈电的结构及方法，属于微波技术领域。The invention relates to a structure and a method for realizing feeding of a broadband planar array antenna by using a flexible coplanar waveguide, and belongs to the field of microwave technology.
背景技术Background Art
平面天线有多方面的用途，如通信、交通、和射电天文等各领域，特别是宽带、双极化和宽视角的天线阵列近几年在业界有广泛的需求。但这种结构一般为差分结构且大部分有定向要求，因此天线的一面需要有一个公共地以提高指向性。为方便将天线阵列和射频前端集成，需要在天线公共地的另一端馈电，而不是在靠近天线一侧，因此如何在距离天线有一定距离的公共地端实现馈电成为使用平面天线的一个难点。Planar antennas have many uses, such as communications, transportation, and radio astronomy. In particular, broadband, dual-polarization, and wide-viewing angle antenna arrays have been widely demanded in the industry in recent years. However, this structure is generally a differential structure and most of them have directional requirements, so one side of the antenna needs to have a common ground to improve directivity. In order to facilitate the integration of the antenna array and the RF front end, it is necessary to feed the power at the other end of the antenna common ground, rather than at one side close to the antenna. Therefore, how to realize feeding at the common ground end at a certain distance from the antenna has become a difficulty in using planar antennas.
发明内容Summary of the invention
发明目的：本发明为了解决对平面阵列天线从差分到单端馈电的转换，提出了一种使用柔性共面波导对宽带平面天线馈电的结构和方法。Purpose of the invention: In order to solve the conversion from differential to single-ended feeding of a planar array antenna, the present invention proposes a structure and method for feeding a broadband planar antenna using a flexible coplanar waveguide.
技术方案：一种使用柔性共面波导对宽带平面天线馈电的结构，包括平面双极化天线、两对柔性共面波导、两根弯曲传输线、公共地，使用柔性共面波导对平面天线馈电，平面天线包括两个互相交叉极化的天线，每组柔性共面波导包括三根柔性共面波导线，其中的一个平面天线、一个柔性共面波导、一根弯曲传输线及公共地形成一组环路，柔性共面波导的一端连接一个天线的差分输入端，另一端延伸至公共地下方提供单端输出。柔性共面波导中间的柔性共面波导线连接一个天线一对辐射体的一边，共面波导两边的地联接到这个天线一对辐射体的另一边。与共面波导相对的一边的天线辐射体通过弯曲传输线连接公共地。两组互相垂直交叉的共面波导和传输线环路中间的柔性共面波导线高低错开，形成“X”形，实现对双极化天线的馈电。Technical solution: A structure for feeding a broadband planar antenna using a flexible coplanar waveguide, including a planar dual-polarized antenna, two pairs of flexible coplanar waveguides, two curved transmission lines, and a common ground. The planar antenna is fed using a flexible coplanar waveguide, and the planar antenna includes two mutually cross-polarized antennas. Each group of flexible coplanar waveguides includes three flexible coplanar waveguide lines, wherein a planar antenna, a flexible coplanar waveguide, a curved transmission line, and a common ground form a loop, and one end of the flexible coplanar waveguide is connected to the differential input end of an antenna, and the other end extends to the bottom of the common ground to provide a single-ended output. The flexible coplanar waveguide line in the middle of the flexible coplanar waveguide is connected to one side of a pair of radiators of an antenna, and the grounds on both sides of the coplanar waveguide are connected to the other side of the pair of radiators of the antenna. The antenna radiator on the side opposite to the coplanar waveguide is connected to the common ground through a curved transmission line. The flexible coplanar waveguide line in the middle of the two groups of mutually perpendicularly crossed coplanar waveguides and the transmission line loop is staggered in height to form an "X" shape, thereby realizing the feeding of the dual-polarized antenna.
进一步地，柔性共面波导与弯曲传输线具有弯度，其弯曲路径分别符合两个椭圆的形状，长度为1/4椭圆，两者的一端均为各自椭圆的上顶点，另一端分别为各自椭圆的左顶点和右顶点。Furthermore, the flexible coplanar waveguide and the curved transmission line have curvature, and their curved paths conform to the shape of two ellipses respectively, with a length of 1/4 of the ellipse, one end of both being the upper vertex of the respective ellipse, and the other end being the left vertex and the right vertex of the respective ellipse.
进一步地，两组环路中间的柔性共面波导线垂直交叉。Furthermore, the flexible coplanar waveguide lines in the middle of the two groups of loops are vertically crossed.
进一步地，共面波导的材料为柔性材料。Furthermore, the material of the coplanar waveguide is a flexible material.
进一步地，所述柔性材料为聚酯纤维或其它可弯曲的材料。Furthermore, the flexible material is polyester fiber or other bendable materials.
进一步地，共面波导的厚度约为50微米至0.25毫米之间或者其它可无损弯曲的厚度。Further, the thickness of the coplanar waveguide is between about 50 micrometers and 0.25 millimeters or other thicknesses that can be bent without loss.
进一步地，共面波导使用导电胶固定于平面天线的馈电点。Furthermore, the coplanar waveguide is fixed to the feeding point of the planar antenna using conductive glue.
进一步地，根据环路谐振的频率和可用频段确定共面波导的弯度，形成的环路的电长度大于工作频段的高频点对应的波长，共面波导和与之对应的传输线与天线的部分段在公共地上方形成的环路长度应小于最高工作频率对应的波长。Furthermore, the curvature of the coplanar waveguide is determined according to the frequency of the loop resonance and the available frequency band, the electrical length of the formed loop is greater than the wavelength corresponding to the high frequency point of the working frequency band, and the length of the loop formed by the coplanar waveguide and the corresponding transmission line and partial section of the antenna above the common ground should be less than the wavelength corresponding to the highest working frequency.
一种使用柔性共面波导对宽带平面阵列天线馈电的方法，包括如下步骤：A method for feeding a broadband planar array antenna using a flexible coplanar waveguide comprises the following steps:
步骤1)，确认工作频段，确定差分段输入阻抗；Step 1), confirm the operating frequency band and determine the differential segment input impedance;
步骤2)，根据步骤1确定差分天线端共面波导尺寸；Step 2), determining the size of the coplanar waveguide at the differential antenna end according to
步骤3)，共面波导弧度延伸至公共地下方；Step 3), the coplanar waveguide arc extends to below the common ground;
步骤4)，调整柔性共面波导(CPW)输出端阻抗。Step 4), adjusting the output impedance of the flexible coplanar waveguide (CPW).
有益效果：本发明的一种使用柔性共面波导实现对宽带天线馈电的结构中共面波导线实现对平面天线从差分到单端馈电的转换；共面波导采用柔性的弯曲结构以实现在同一点纵向交叉实现双极化天线的馈电，共面波导线弯曲的弯度确保环路引起谐振的频率在可用频段之外，柔性共面波导与弯曲传输线的形成的环路路径可调，因此可将谐振频率移到工作频段之外。与共面波导对称的弯曲传输线是消除馈线引起的环路谐振的重要组成部分；可弯曲的共面波导线使用导电胶固定于天线的馈电点，可以避免使用耐高温材料和进行焊接，节约成本。Beneficial effects: In the structure of the present invention using a flexible coplanar waveguide to realize feeding of a broadband antenna, the coplanar waveguide line realizes the conversion of the planar antenna from differential to single-ended feeding; the coplanar waveguide adopts a flexible curved structure to realize the feeding of a dual-polarized antenna by longitudinal crossing at the same point, and the curvature of the coplanar waveguide line ensures that the frequency of the loop causing resonance is outside the available frequency band, and the loop path formed by the flexible coplanar waveguide and the curved transmission line is adjustable, so the resonant frequency can be moved outside the working frequency band. The curved transmission line symmetrical to the coplanar waveguide is an important component for eliminating the loop resonance caused by the feed line; the flexible coplanar waveguide line is fixed to the feeding point of the antenna using conductive glue, which can avoid the use of high-temperature resistant materials and welding, saving costs.
柔性共面波导和与之对应的弯曲传输线的尺寸，如形成环路的长度随着天线的工作频率可以调整和优化，在公共地上方形成的环路长度应小于所需馈电天线最高工作频率对应的波长。下边的例子以1-4GHz为例，在公共地上方形成的环路的长度约为75mm,正好对应本例中工作频段高频点对应的波长。The dimensions of the flexible coplanar waveguide and the corresponding curved transmission line, such as the length of the loop formed, can be adjusted and optimized with the working frequency of the antenna. The length of the loop formed above the common ground should be less than the wavelength corresponding to the highest working frequency of the required feed antenna. The following example takes 1-4GHz as an example. The length of the loop formed above the common ground is about 75mm, which just corresponds to the wavelength corresponding to the high frequency point of the working frequency band in this example.
使用柔性共面波导线和平面天线的结合实现低成本的天线阵列制作，可以完整的使用打印及丝印技术，不需要昂贵的电路板制作过程。The combination of flexible coplanar waveguide and planar antenna can realize low-cost antenna array production, which can fully use printing and silk screen technology without the need for expensive circuit board production process.
附图说明BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
图1为平面阵加柔性共面波导馈电和对称接地传输线；Figure 1 shows a planar array with flexible coplanar waveguide feed and symmetrically grounded transmission lines;
图2(a)柔性共面波导路径图，(b)为共面波导横截面；Figure 2 (a) Path diagram of flexible coplanar waveguide, (b) cross section of coplanar waveguide;
图3为反射系数，天线加柔性共面波导之前和之后，共面波导有与之对应的对称弯曲传输线；Figure 3 shows the reflection coefficient, before and after the antenna is added with a flexible coplanar waveguide, the coplanar waveguide having a corresponding symmetrical curved transmission line;
图4为柔性共面波导与对称弯曲传输线与天线端的连接方法；FIG4 is a method for connecting a flexible coplanar waveguide and a symmetrically curved transmission line to an antenna end;
图5为柔性共面波导，没有对称弯曲传输线；Figure 5 shows a flexible coplanar waveguide without symmetrically bent transmission lines;
图6为展示对称弯曲传输线的作用，有效将在3.03GHz的谐振移到4GHz以上；Figure 6 shows the effect of the symmetrically bent transmission line, effectively moving the resonance at 3.03 GHz to above 4 GHz;
图7为柔性共面波导与对称传输线形成的环路；FIG7 is a loop formed by a flexible coplanar waveguide and a symmetrical transmission line;
图8为反射系数，对称接地传输线在不同的位置；Figure 8 shows the reflection coefficient, with the symmetrically grounded transmission line at different locations;
图9为双极化天线间互耦，对称弯曲传输线在不同的位置，谐振高频点4.1GHz，低频点3.8GHz。Figure 9 shows the mutual coupling between dual-polarized antennas. The symmetrically bent transmission lines are at different positions, with the resonant high frequency point at 4.1 GHz and the low frequency point at 3.8 GHz.
图10为柔性共面波导与所需馈电天线之间的连接。Figure 10 shows the connection between the flexible coplanar waveguide and the required feed antenna.
具体实施方式DETAILED DESCRIPTION
下面结合附图对本发明作进一步说明：The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings:
如图1所示，本发明公开了一种使用柔性共面波导对宽带天线馈电的线路，以实现对一对互相交叉极化的平面天线的馈电为例，包括所需馈电的宽带天线、两组柔性共面波导、两根弯曲传输线、公共地，使用柔性共面波导对宽带天线馈电，宽带天线包括一对互相交叉极化的平面天线，每组柔性共面波导包括三根柔性共面波导线，每个天线的一对辐射体、一组柔性共面波导、一根弯曲传输线及公共地形成一组环路，柔性共面波导的一端连接所需馈电天线的差分输入端，另一端延伸至公共地下方提供单端输出。柔性共面波导中间的柔性共面波导线连接环路内宽带天线的一个辐射体，共面波导的地连接宽带天线的另一个辐射体。与共面波导相对的天线的辐射体通过弯曲传输线连接公共地，两组环路中间的柔性共面波导线高低错开，形成“X”形，实现同点对双极化天线的馈电；柔性共面波导与弯曲传输线具有弯度，其弯曲路径分别符合两个椭圆的形状，长度为1/4椭圆，两者的一端均为各自椭圆的上顶点，另一端分别为各自椭圆的左顶点和右顶点；共面波导的材料为柔性材料；所述柔性材料为聚酯纤维或者其他可弯曲材料；共面波导的厚度约50微米至0.25mm之间或者其它低损可弯曲的厚度；共面波导使用导电胶固定于宽带天线的馈电点；根据环路谐振的频率和可用频段确定共面波导的弯度，柔性共面波导和与之对应的弯曲传输线，与天线的部分段在公共地上方形成的环路长度应小于所需馈电天线最高工作频率对应的波长。As shown in FIG1 , the present invention discloses a circuit for feeding a broadband antenna using a flexible coplanar waveguide, taking the feeding of a pair of mutually cross-polarized planar antennas as an example, including a broadband antenna to be fed, two groups of flexible coplanar waveguides, two curved transmission lines, and a common ground, using a flexible coplanar waveguide to feed the broadband antenna, the broadband antenna includes a pair of mutually cross-polarized planar antennas, each group of flexible coplanar waveguides includes three flexible coplanar waveguide lines, a pair of radiators of each antenna, a group of flexible coplanar waveguides, a curved transmission line and a common ground form a group of loops, one end of the flexible coplanar waveguide is connected to the differential input end of the required feeding antenna, and the other end extends to the bottom of the common ground to provide a single-ended output. The flexible coplanar waveguide line in the middle of the flexible coplanar waveguide is connected to a radiator of the broadband antenna in the loop, and the ground of the coplanar waveguide is connected to another radiator of the broadband antenna. The radiator of the antenna opposite to the coplanar waveguide is connected to the common ground through a curved transmission line, and the flexible coplanar waveguide lines in the middle of the two groups of loops are staggered in height to form an "X" shape, so as to realize the feeding of the dual-polarized antenna at the same point; the flexible coplanar waveguide and the curved transmission line have curvature, and their curved paths respectively conform to the shape of two ellipses with a length of 1/4 ellipse, one end of both is the upper vertex of the respective ellipse, and the other end is the left vertex and the right vertex of the respective ellipse; the material of the coplanar waveguide is a flexible material; the flexible material is polyester fiber or other flexible material; the thickness of the coplanar waveguide is between about 50 microns and 0.25 mm or other low-loss flexible thickness; the coplanar waveguide is fixed to the feeding point of the broadband antenna using conductive glue; the curvature of the coplanar waveguide is determined according to the frequency of the loop resonance and the available frequency band, and the length of the loop formed by the flexible coplanar waveguide and the corresponding curved transmission line and the partial section of the antenna above the common ground should be less than the wavelength corresponding to the highest operating frequency of the required feeding antenna.
一种使用柔性共面波导对宽带平面阵列天线馈电的方法，包括如下步骤：A method for feeding a broadband planar array antenna using a flexible coplanar waveguide comprises the following steps:
步骤1)，设定工作频段，确定差分段输入阻抗；根据所需馈电天线的工作频段，确定共面波导的工作频段。Step 1), set the working frequency band and determine the differential segment input impedance; determine the working frequency band of the coplanar waveguide according to the working frequency band of the required feeding antenna.
步骤2)，根据步骤1确定差分天线端共面波导尺寸；天线的输入阻抗由天线的结构决定，作为共面波导设计的依据，确定共面波导中间传输线的宽度和中间传输线到两边地的间距。其具体计算方法如下Step 2) Determine the size of the coplanar waveguide at the differential antenna end according to
其中，wt为共面波导中间导线线宽，wg为共面波导两边地线线宽，g为共面波导中间导线至地线间距，εr为基板材料的相对介电常数，k、k'、εre为中间变量，Z为波导传输线特征阻抗。Among them, wt is the line width of the middle conductor of the coplanar waveguide, wg is the line width of the ground wires on both sides of the coplanar waveguide, g is the distance from the middle conductor of the coplanar waveguide to the ground wire, εr is the relative dielectric constant of the substrate material, k, k', εre are intermediate variables, and Z is the characteristic impedance of the waveguide transmission line.
以平面天线120欧姆的差分输入阻抗为例，为满足此条件，共面波导设计的参数如表一所示。Taking the 120 ohm differential input impedance of the planar antenna as an example, to meet this condition, the parameters of the coplanar waveguide design are shown in Table 1.
表一馈电1-4GHz工作频段天线共面波导的参数设置Table 1 Parameter settings of the coplanar waveguide antenna feeding 1-4 GHz working frequency band
步骤3)，共面波导弧度延伸至公共地下方；确保地上部分形成的环路长度应小于所需馈电天线最高工作频率对应的波长；Step 3), the coplanar waveguide arc is extended to below the common ground; ensuring that the loop length formed by the above-ground part should be less than the wavelength corresponding to the highest operating frequency of the required feeding antenna;
如图2所示，a＝7.5mm，b＝14mm，c＝7mm，h＝29mm，整个环路在公共地上方的有效长度是75.27mm，对应的频率是4GHz，是工作频率的上限。如果这个环路的有效长度延长至79.77mm，对应的频率是3.76GHz，此时在工作频段内将会观察到一个谐振(3.8GHz)，如图8所示，因此设计时，地上部分的环路长度应小于最高工作频率对应的波长。As shown in Figure 2, a = 7.5mm, b = 14mm, c = 7mm, h = 29mm, the effective length of the entire loop above the public ground is 75.27mm, and the corresponding frequency is 4GHz, which is the upper limit of the operating frequency. If the effective length of this loop is extended to 79.77mm, the corresponding frequency is 3.76GHz, and a resonance (3.8GHz) will be observed in the operating frequency band, as shown in Figure 8. Therefore, when designing, the loop length of the above-ground part should be less than the wavelength corresponding to the highest operating frequency.
步骤4)，调整柔性共面波导(CPW)输出端阻抗。Step 4), adjusting the output impedance of the flexible coplanar waveguide (CPW).
共面波导在公共地端的单端输出阻抗可以根据步骤1)按照具体的需要设计，如最常见的50欧姆，可设定其参数：wt＝3mm，g＝0.15mm。The single-ended output impedance of the coplanar waveguide at the common ground end can be designed according to step 1) according to specific needs, such as the most common 50 ohms, and its parameters can be set as: wt=3mm, g=0.15mm.
图1为共面波导和对称传输线实现对宽带平面结构天线馈电总体示意图Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the overall implementation of coplanar waveguide and symmetrical transmission line feeding for broadband planar structure antennas
如图2(a)、图2(b)所示，柔性共面波导设计的参数是由两个椭圆的1/4各自确定共面波导和与之对应的弯曲传输线的轮廓和对应的长度，如图所示，天线的部分段与共面波导和对称传输线组成环路As shown in Figure 2(a) and Figure 2(b), the design parameters of the flexible coplanar waveguide are determined by the 1/4 of the two ellipses, respectively, to determine the contour and corresponding length of the coplanar waveguide and the corresponding curved transmission line. As shown in the figure, the partial segment of the antenna forms a loop with the coplanar waveguide and the symmetrical transmission line.
如图3所示，对宽带天线进行共面波导馈电，天线在有无馈电部分前后反射系数的比较。As shown in FIG3 , the broadband antenna is fed by a coplanar waveguide, and the reflection coefficients of the antenna are compared before and after the feeding part and without the feeding part.
如图4和图10所示，共面波导和对称传输线在天线端的连接可以通过粘贴导电胶连接。As shown in FIG. 4 and FIG. 10 , the connection between the coplanar waveguide and the symmetrical transmission line at the antenna end can be connected by pasting conductive glue.
如图5所示，共面波导没有对称传输线的示意图As shown in Figure 5, a schematic diagram of a coplanar waveguide without a symmetrical transmission line
图6、图8和图9为体现对称传输线对共面波导性能的影响，共面波导和对称传输线组成的环路的长度对应波导馈电引起的谐振频率。FIG6 , FIG8 , and FIG9 illustrate the effect of the symmetrical transmission line on the performance of the coplanar waveguide. The length of the loop formed by the coplanar waveguide and the symmetrical transmission line corresponds to the resonant frequency caused by the waveguide feeding.
图7所示为共面波导，对应的弯曲传输线和天线部分段组成的环路示意图FIG7 shows a schematic diagram of a loop consisting of a coplanar waveguide, a corresponding curved transmission line and an antenna segment.
以上所述仅是本发明的优选实施方式，应当指出，对于本技术领域的普通技术人员来说，在不脱离本发明原理的前提下，还可以做出若干改进和润饰，这些改进和润饰也应视为本发明的保护范围。The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention. It should be pointed out that for ordinary technicians in this technical field, several improvements and modifications can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention. These improvements and modifications should also be regarded as the scope of protection of the present invention.
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