CN1126777C - 包含防硫化返原材料的橡胶组合物及具有由其构成的组成部分的轮胎 - Google Patents
包含防硫化返原材料的橡胶组合物及具有由其构成的组成部分的轮胎 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及包含三(马来酰胺酸衍生物)胺作为防硫化返原添加剂的橡胶组合物。本发明还涉及具有此种橡胶组合物的组成部分的轮胎。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及包含防硫化返原添加剂的橡胶组合物以及包含此种橡胶组合物的组成部分的轮胎。
背景技术
橡胶组合物被普遍应用于轮胎胎面,通过针对胎面的各项组合物性能的优化以提高3项轮胎性能,即,牵引力、滚动阻力及胎面耐磨。
在这方面,希望轮胎胎面组合物具有的典型所需物理性能包括,例如硬度、模量、滞后,正如以回弹性能所表示的,0℃的损耗角正切(tangent delta)(tanδ)以及耐磨,以DIN磨耗值表示。这些物理性能是橡胶混炼领域技术人员熟知的,并通常被视为预测轮胎胎面性能的指标。
在顺式1,4-聚异戊二烯(天然或合成的)或其他以二烯为基础的弹性体的促进剂硫磺硫化中,硫化返原是不希望发生的现象。发生硫化返原时,多硫键随时间的推移和温度的作用而降解,结果,将导致交联密度的降低和物理性能的恶化(模量降低、滞后加剧)。
因此,迄今仍希望在各种橡胶组合物中使用防硫化返原添加剂。
在本发明的说明中,本文以及援引传统做法时使用的术语“phr”是指“每100重量份橡胶或弹性体所对应的某物质份数”。
在本发明的说明中,本文所使用的术语“橡胶”及“弹性体”可彼此通用,除非另行指明。本文所使用的术语“橡胶组合物”、“混炼胶”及“橡胶配混物”,彼此互相通用地指掺混或混炼了各种成分或材料之后的橡胶,且该术语乃是橡胶混合或橡胶混炼技术领域的技术人员所熟悉的。
发明内容
按照本发明,提供一种橡胶组合物,它包含(A)100重量份至少1种以二烯为基础的弹性体,以及(B)约0.5~约10phr如下通式I的三(马来酰胺酸衍生物)胺:(I)N(-亚烷基
其中亚烷基基团是含1~12,优选1~4个碳原子的饱和烃基,它可以是线型或支链的;R’和R”可以是选自氢、1~6个碳原子的烷基基团以及卤素基团的相同或不相同基团。
优选的是,所述亚烷基基团选自亚甲基、亚乙基、亚丙基、亚丁基或亚戊基基团。
优选的是,R’及R”基团选自氢、甲基、氯及溴基团。
更优选的是,R’及R”选自氢及甲基基团。
用于本发明的三(马来酰胺酸衍生物)胺的代表例子,例如是三(2-氨基乙基)胺与马来酐或柠康酸酐起反应生成对应的三(马来酰胺酸衍生物)胺加成产物。此种加成产物可以是,例如三(柠康酰胺酸甲基)胺、三(马来酰胺酸乙基)胺、三(柠康酰胺酸丙基)胺等。
更优选的三(马来酰胺酸衍生物)胺是三(2-柠康酰胺酸乙基)胺。
又,按照本发明,提供一种由此种橡胶组合物构成的,具有一种组成部分(成分)的轮胎,具体地说,是胎面。
具体实施方式
据认为,本发明尤其适合应用的场合是那些,当此种组合物在动态工作条件下经受较高温度时希望设法尽量减少橡胶组合物硫化返原现象的场合。发生此种硫化返原的证据是橡胶组合物的各项物理性能的动态老化,通常会导致橡胶组合物的一项或多项所希望的物理性能值的降低,例如模量、回弹和/或硬度等数值。
用于本发明的三(马来酰胺酸衍生物)胺,尽管其作用机理尚不完全清楚,但据信,是弹性体与填料以某种方式相互作用的材料,这种相互作用可阻止在动态工作条件的高温下弹性体组合物性能的硫化返原现象。
一般而言,本文认为,三(马来酰胺酸衍生物)胺的合成,可通过例如将三(氨基烷基)胺与酸酐在合适的反应条件下结合在一起而实现。
在本发明中,三(马来酰胺酸衍生物)胺,据观察,在高温及动态条件下稍微起到某种控制或抑制橡胶组合物性能硫化返原的橡胶药品的作用。这,据认为,对于那些存在热量积累和在动态工作条件下的伴随高温场合的橡胶轮胎的应用是尤其有利的。
在本发明的实施中,正如前面所指出的,橡胶组合物由至少1种以二烯为基础的弹性体或橡胶组成。此种弹性体通常选自共轭二烯的均聚物和共聚物,以及共轭二烯与乙烯基芳族单体,如苯乙烯及α-甲基苯乙烯的共聚物。此种二烯,例如可选自异戊二烯和1,3-丁二烯,而此种乙烯基芳族单体可选自苯乙烯和α-甲基苯乙烯。此种弹性体或橡胶可选自,例如顺式1,4-聚异戊二烯橡胶(天然和/或合成的,优选天然的)、3,4-聚异戊二烯橡胶、苯乙烯/丁二烯共聚物橡胶、异戊二烯/丁二烯共聚物橡胶、苯乙烯/异戊二烯共聚物橡胶、苯乙烯/异戊二烯/丁二烯三元共聚物橡胶、顺式1,4-聚丁二烯橡胶、反式1,4-聚丁二烯橡胶(70~95%反式)、低乙烯基(含量)聚丁二烯橡胶(10~30%乙烯基)、高乙烯基聚丁二烯橡胶(30~90%乙烯基)。
在一个方面,该橡胶优选由至少2种以二烯为基础的橡胶组成。例如,2种或更多种橡胶的组合优选是,例如顺式1,4-聚异戊二烯橡胶(天然或合成的,不过通常优选天然的)、3,4-聚异戊二烯橡胶、异戊二烯/丁二烯共聚物橡胶、苯乙烯/异戊二烯/丁二烯橡胶、乳液及溶液聚合生成的苯乙烯/丁二烯橡胶、顺式1,4-聚丁二烯橡胶、中等含量乙烯基的聚丁二烯橡胶(30~55%乙烯基)、高乙烯基聚丁二烯橡胶(55~99%乙烯基)以及乳液聚合制备的丁二烯/丙烯睛共聚物。
此种弹性体应涵盖锡偶联的和/或二氧化硅偶联的链端官能化有机溶液聚合制备的弹性体(即,例如,胺及羟端基官能化的弹性体),乃至锂催化的溶液聚合制备的弹性体,其中包含由偶联上了四氯化锡或四氯化硅的由异戊二烯、1,3-丁二烯及苯乙烯转化的单元。
本领域技术人员立刻就懂得,该橡胶组合物可采用橡胶混炼技术中普遍已知的方法进行混炼,例如,将各种可硫化橡胶成分与各种普遍使用的添加剂材料放在一起混炼,这些添加剂例如是:硫化助剂,如硫磺、活化剂、防焦剂和促进剂;操作添加剂,如油、树脂,包括增粘树脂、偶联剂和和增塑剂;填料、颜料、脂肪酸、氧化锌、蜡、抗氧剂和抗臭氧剂、塑解剂及补强材料,如碳黑。正如本领域技术人员所知道的,根据可硫磺硫化的及已硫磺硫化的材料(橡胶)的预定用途,可从上述添加剂中挑选添加剂并按照习惯的用量使用。
本发明的组合物可包含传统用量的已知橡胶药品。
有代表性的增粘树脂(使用的话)的典型用量可占约0.5~约10phr,一般在约1~约5phr的范围。操作助剂的典型用量占约1~约50phr。此种操作助剂可包括,例如芳族、环烷和/或石蜡类操作油。抗氧剂的典型用量为约1~约5phr。有代表性的抗氧剂可以是,例如二苯基-对苯二胺,以及其他的,例如披露在《Vanderbilt橡胶手册》(1978),344~346页中的那些。抗臭氧剂的典型用量为约1~5phr。脂肪酸(使用的话)的典型用量通常可主要包括约0.5~约3phr的硬脂酸。氧化锌的典型用量为约2~约5phr。蜡的典型用量为约1~约5phr。常常使用微晶蜡。塑解剂的典型用量为约0.1~约1phr。典型的塑解剂例如是五氯硫酚和二苯甲酰氨基二苯基二硫化物。
橡胶组合物的硫化是在硫磺硫化剂存在下进行的。合适的硫磺硫化剂的例子包括元素硫(游离硫)或硫给体硫化剂,例如二硫化胺、聚合多硫化物或硫烯烃加成产物。优选的是,该硫磺硫化剂是元素硫。正如本领域技术人员所通晓的,硫磺硫化剂的用量在约0.5~约4phr,或者,在某些情况下甚至最高约8phr,而优选的范围为约1.5~约2.5,有时约2~约2.5。
促进剂被用来控制硫化需要的时间和/或温度并改善硫化胶的性能。在一种实施方案中,可使用单一的促进剂体系,即,主促进剂。该1种或多种主促进剂在传统上和优选的总用量可介于约0.5~约4,优选约0.8~约2phr。在另一种实施方案中,可组合使用主促进剂与副促进剂,其中副促进剂的用量为约0.05~约5phr,以便起活化作用并改善硫化胶的性能。这2种促进剂的组合使用预期可对最终性能产生一种协同效果,在一定程度上优于单独使用二者之中任何一种所产生的效果。另外,迟效性促进剂也可使用,它在正常加工温度下不受影响,但在在通常的硫化温度下能产生满意的硫化。硫化防焦剂也可使用。适合用于本发明的促进剂类型是胺、二硫化物、胍类、硫脲类、噻唑类、秋兰姆类、次磺酰胺类、二硫代氨基甲酸盐及黄原酸盐。优选的是,主促进剂是次磺酰胺。若使用副促进剂,则该副促进剂优选是胍、二硫代氨基甲酸盐或秋兰姆化合物。
大多数上述添加剂的存在以及相对含量不作为本发明的一个方面,本发明更主要地涉及前面所述防硫化返原化合物的应用。
橡胶组合物优选的制备过程包括:在至少1个顺序的混炼步骤中采用至少1台机械混炼机将以二烯为基础的橡胶、碳黑及除橡胶硫化剂以外的其他橡胶混炼成分一起混炼,通常称此阶段为“非生产性”混炼阶段,直至温度达到约150℃~约180℃,持续1~4分钟;随后,实施最终混炼阶段,其间,硫化剂,如硫磺和促进剂,被加入其中并混炼约1~约4分钟,至约90℃~约125℃的温度范围。术语“非生产性”和“生产性”混炼阶段乃是橡胶混炼领域技术人员熟知的。
要指出,橡胶组合物在上述2个混炼阶段之间通常要冷却至低于约40℃的温度。
还要指出的是,在非生产性混炼阶段期间,要达到在混炼加工中在要求温度下维持所述时间,可采用,例如(i)在可变速的混炼机中,调整混炼机的马达速度,即,在橡胶组合物达到要求温度之后降低马达速度,或者(ii)利用2个或更多个足以满足上述在最大混炼温度下要求维持的时间的混炼阶段。
本发明橡胶组合物的硫化一般在约100℃~200℃的惯用温度范围进行。优选的是,硫化在约110℃~180℃的温度范围进行。任何惯用的硫化方法均可使用,例如,在平板硫化机或模具中加热,用过热蒸汽或热空气,或者放在盐浴中加热。
硫化以后,本发明的橡胶组合物可应用于各种各样的用途。例如,该硫磺硫化后的橡胶组合物可以是充气轮胎的胎面形式,也就是本发明的目标。此种轮胎可采用各种已知并令本领域技术人员一听就清楚的方法,进行贴合,成型,模压,最后硫化为成品。人们知道,轮胎可以是轿车胎、飞机轮胎、卡车胎等等。优选的是,该轮胎是轿车胎。该轮胎既可是子午线轮胎,也可是斜交轮胎,而以子午线轮胎为优选。
具体实施方式
本发明可通过下面的实施例获得更好的理解,实施例中给出的份数和百分数除另行指明之外一律指重量而言。
实例1
3L圆底烧瓶以氮气吹扫,然后,向其中加入49g(0.34mol)三(2-氨基乙基)胺在1500mL试剂级丙酮中的溶液。在搅拌下在约1.5h的时间内向溶液中滴加112g(1.01mol)柠康酸酐在500mL试剂级丙酮中的溶液。利用反应的放热特性将反应混合物加热,同时,外部加入的热量使混合物保持回流。
回流持续约3h,然后,在约29英寸汞柱的减压和约50℃下将丙酮蒸出,结果获得约166g深瑚珀色半固体,经采用CDCl3的NMR分析,证明为三柠康酰胺酸衍生物。100g半固体被溶解在100g试剂级丙酮中,然后加入到100g N330碳黑中,加入期间混合物维持搅拌。在约50℃、约29英寸汞柱真空条件下移出丙酮,结果获得载于碳黑上的、重量比约1∶1的黑色、易碎的三(2-柠康酰胺酸乙基)胺。
实例2
在该实例中,制备包含按实例1制备的三(马来酰胺酸衍生物)胺的橡胶组合物。该橡胶组合物在这里被分别称之为对比样(Cntrl)及试样A。
本实例的全部橡胶组合物均被制成一种乳液聚合制备的苯乙烯/丁二烯共聚物橡胶与顺式1,4-聚丁二烯橡胶的共混物形式。
该组合物的制备过程包括,分几个阶段对各种成分进行混炼,即,1个非生产性阶段(不加硫化剂),随后是1个生产性混炼阶段(加入硫化剂),所获得的组合物随后在高温、高压条件下进行硫化。
在非生产性混炼阶段中,除促进剂及硫磺硫化剂之外,这2者将在最终、生产性混炼阶段加入,包括弹性体在内的各种成分在约160℃的温度混炼约4分钟。在最终的生产性混炼阶段中,硫化剂与橡胶组合物(混合物)在班布里式混炼机(密炼机)中进行混炼;即,促进剂和硫磺一起在最高约110℃的温度下混炼约3分钟。
所获得的橡胶组合物随后在约150℃的温度下硫化约18分钟。
下表1中给出了用于对比样和试样A配方的各种成分。
| 表1 | ||
| 样品代号 | 对比样 | 试样A |
| 非生产性混炼阶段 | ||
| E-SBR橡胶1 | 70 | 70 |
| 顺式BR橡胶2 | 30 | 30 |
| 操作油/助剂3 | 47.55 | 47.55 |
| 氧化锌 | 2 | 2 |
| 脂肪酸 | 2 | 2 |
| 抗氧剂4 | 1.15 | 1.15 |
| 碳黑(N299)5 | 70 | 70 |
| 三胺6 | 0 | 3 |
| 生产性混炼阶段 | ||
| 硫磺 | 1.45 | 1.45 |
| 促进剂7 | 1.50 | 1.50 |
1)乳液聚合制备的苯乙烯/丁二烯共聚物橡胶,由固特异轮胎及橡胶公司以商品名PLF 1712提供,苯乙烯含量为约23.5%,Tg为约-55℃;
2)顺式1,4-聚丁二烯橡胶,由固特异轮胎及橡胶公司以商品名BUDENE1254提供,顺式含量为约98%;还含有25phr芳烃油;
3)芳烃橡胶操作油、蜡等;
4)烷芳基对苯二胺型的;
5)ISAF碳黑,碘值约122g/kg,以及相应的DBP吸附值114cc/100g;
6)三(马来酰胺酸衍生物)胺,来自本文实例1;
7)次磺酰胺型促进剂。
所获得的硫化橡胶组合物的物理性能载于下表2中。
这里采用的各种试验对分析专业的技术人员来说可以说是众所周知的。关于防硫化返原试验的描述可见诸于美国专利5,736,611。
| 表2 | ||
| 试样代号 | 对比样 | 试样A |
| 断裂强度,MPa | 17.1 | 14.4 |
| 断裂伸长,% | 653 | 663 |
| 300%模量,MPa | 5.75 | 4.79 |
| 硬度,室温 | 60.7 | 62.1 |
| 硬度,100℃ | 49 | 48.4 |
| 回弹性,室温 | 32.1 | 30.9 |
| 回弹性,100℃ | 48.1 | 44.6 |
| 流变仪191℃ | ||
| ML,dNm | 7 | 7 |
| MHR,dNm | 26.3 | 25 |
| δM | 19.3 | 18 |
| T25 | 1.5 | 1.5 |
| T90 | 2.25 | 2 |
| 硫化返原(将规定点降低到低于混炼胶最大扭矩的时间) | ||
| Max扭矩-1dNm(min.) | 1.25 | 3.25 |
| Max扭矩-2dNm(min.) | 3.75 | 无 |
| 逐渐增高的模量(升高至最大返原的时间) | ||
| Max扭矩+1dNm(min.) | 无 | 12.5 |
| Max扭矩+2dNm(min.) | 无 | 23 |
胺添加剂的加入显示出对试样A混炼胶高温稳定性的显著改善。试样A混炼胶的191℃流变仪曲线显示出硫化返原现象的显著减少。试样A混炼胶还表现出逐步增高的模量,这在对比样上则未观察到。这说明,试样混炼胶能够经受更高的硫化温度,而不出现可察觉的硫化返原。
因此,本发明人认为,采用胺的突出优越性在于它赋予硫磺硫化橡胶组合物高温下的稳定性。
虽然为了说明本发明的目的,给出了某些代表性实施方案和细节,但是,本领域技术人员很清楚,从中仍可作出各种各样不偏离本发明的精神和范围的修改和改进。
Claims (3)
1.一种橡胶组合物,其特征在于,它包含(A)100重量份至少1种以二烯为基础的弹性体,(B)0.5~10重量份的三(柠康酰胺酸乙基)胺,以及(C)0.5~4重量份的硫化剂,其中所述以二烯为基础的弹性体选自1,3-丁二烯或异戊二烯的均聚物、1,3丁二烯与异戊二烯的共聚物、1,3-丁二烯及异戊二烯中至少1种与苯乙烯的共聚物。
2.一种轮胎,其特征在于,它具有由权利要求1的橡胶组合物构成的组成部分。
3.权利要求2的轮胎,其特征在于,其中的组成部分是胎面。
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| BR9510503A (pt) * | 1994-12-28 | 1998-01-13 | Akzo Nobel Nv | Composição de borracha vulcanizada com enoxfre processo de vulcanização utilização de um coagente artigo manufaturado e pneu ou correia |
| KR100193491B1 (ko) * | 1995-06-21 | 1999-06-15 | 신형인 | 항공기 타이어용 카카스에 쓰이는 항-리버전 고무조성물 |
| US5696188A (en) * | 1996-08-09 | 1997-12-09 | The Goodyear Tire & Rubber Company | Rubber compounds containing aryl bis citraconamic acids |
| US6079468A (en) * | 1996-08-09 | 2000-06-27 | The Goodyear Tire & Rubber Company | Rubber article containing a bismaleimide and a bis benzothiazolydithio end capped compound |
| US5698620A (en) * | 1996-12-27 | 1997-12-16 | The Goodyear Tire & Rubber Company | Rosinate esters of N-hydroxyphenyl maleamic acid |
-
1998
- 1998-08-17 US US09/135,144 patent/US5981637A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1999
- 1999-07-19 CA CA002277673A patent/CA2277673A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 1999-08-06 ES ES99115576T patent/ES2194406T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1999-08-06 DE DE69905817T patent/DE69905817T2/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1999-08-06 EP EP99115576A patent/EP0980891B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1999-08-11 BR BR9903585-5A patent/BR9903585A/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1999-08-17 JP JP23062299A patent/JP4230622B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1999-08-17 CN CN99117971A patent/CN1126777C/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| DE69905817D1 (de) | 2003-04-17 |
| ES2194406T3 (es) | 2003-11-16 |
| CN1245177A (zh) | 2000-02-23 |
| US5981637A (en) | 1999-11-09 |
| BR9903585A (pt) | 2000-09-19 |
| JP4230622B2 (ja) | 2009-02-25 |
| JP2000063570A (ja) | 2000-02-29 |
| EP0980891A1 (en) | 2000-02-23 |
| EP0980891B1 (en) | 2003-03-12 |
| CA2277673A1 (en) | 2000-02-17 |
| DE69905817T2 (de) | 2003-11-20 |
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