CN112856447A

CN112856447A - Environment-friendly household garbage cleaning equipment and process

Info

Publication number: CN112856447A
Application number: CN202110082739.1A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 唐波岐
Original assignee: Ankang University
Current assignee: Ankang University
Priority date: 2021-01-21
Filing date: 2021-01-21
Publication date: 2021-05-28

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of garbage disposal equipment, in particular to an environmental protection cleaning device and process for domestic garbage, including: a sludge dewatering machine, a crusher, a drying granulator, a mixing dryer, a screw extrusion solid-liquid Separator, incinerator, solid residue storage tank, fermentation tank and gas purification device; sludge dehydrator, crusher, drying granulator and mixing dryer are connected through pipelines in sequence; mixing dryer, screw extruder The pressing solid-liquid separator, the gas purification device and the solid residue storage tank are respectively connected to the incinerator through pipelines; the screw extrusion solid-liquid separator and the solid residue storage tank are respectively connected to the fermentation tank through pipelines. The invention combines domestic waste and oily sludge to pyrolyze, not only provides a stable heat source for domestic waste through the oily sludge, but also realizes efficient incineration while overcoming the technical defects of adding auxiliary materials, and realizes the secondary utilization of oily sludge.

Description

Environment-friendly household garbage cleaning equipment and process

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of garbage disposal equipment, in particular to environment-friendly household garbage cleaning equipment and process.

Background

With the rapid development of industry and economy of various countries, a large amount of population is concentrated, the living standard of human beings is continuously improved, and more garbage on the earth is generated. A large amount of garbage is accumulated to generate chemical reactions, harmful gases are released, air pollution is caused, and haze weather occurs. In addition, the garbage contains a plurality of harmful bacteria, so that organisms such as flies, mosquitoes, cockroaches, mice and the like are easy to breed, and the bacteria are easy to spread, so that the health of nearby residents is influenced. The water pollution can be caused by the infiltration of germs in the garbage and pollutants such as heavy metals generated by dissolution during the decay into the ground, and meanwhile, the garbage is centralized to occupy space, so that a lot of land is occupied, and the effective utilization of the land is not facilitated; in addition, some kinds of garbage can generate flammable and explosive gases such as methane and the like due to long-time accumulation, and the dangerous phenomenon of garbage explosion occurs; therefore, the garbage needs to be treated in time.

The incineration method is to incinerate and melt the garbage at high temperature to obtain combustible gas, the combustible gas and waste heat are effectively utilized to generate electricity, the resource utilization of the garbage is realized, the temperature in the furnace is as high as 900-: the inorganic components in the municipal refuse in China are more than the organic components, the heat value is lower and the components are complex, so when the refuse is treated by adopting an incineration method, the atmosphere pollution is easily generated due to insufficient decomposition of toxic gases such as dioxin and the like caused by insufficient combustion temperature, the power generation production is easily influenced due to unstable incineration, and therefore when the low heat value of the refuse is less than 3300KJ/Kg, additional auxiliary fuel needs to be added, and the cost is increased.

The oily sludge is solid waste generated in the processes of petroleum exploitation, processing and transportation, the main components of the oily sludge are crude oil, water and sludge, and the oil content is usually between 10 and 50 percent; according to estimation, the oil-containing sludge is produced in China in nearly 300 ten thousand tons every year, and the contained crude oil resource is about 60 ten thousand tons; the oily sludge contains a large amount of aged crude oil, wax, colloid and other substances, also contains a large amount of benzene series, phenols, polychlorinated biphenyl, dioxin and other toxic and harmful substances, and also contains a large amount of pathogenic bacteria and parasites, so that if the oily sludge is not reasonably and effectively treated, not only the petroleum resources are wasted, but also the environment is seriously polluted; the oily sludge treatment equipment in the prior art mainly separates liquid crude oil from solid sludge in sludge, and then realizes secondary utilization of the liquid crude oil, so that the treatment is long in time consumption and high in energy consumption, and secondary utilization of the oily sludge is limited.

Disclosure of Invention

In order to overcome the technical defects, the invention aims to provide the environment-friendly household garbage cleaning equipment and the environment-friendly household garbage cleaning process.

In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:

an environment-friendly household garbage cleaning device comprises: the device comprises a sludge dehydrator, a crusher, a drying granulator, a mixing dryer, a spiral extrusion solid-liquid separator, an incinerator, a solid residue storage tank, a fermentation tank and a gas purification device;

the sludge dehydrator, the crusher, the drying granulator and the mixing dryer are sequentially communicated through a pipeline;

the mixing dryer, the spiral extrusion solid-liquid separator, the gas purification device and the solid residue storage tank are respectively communicated with the incinerator through pipelines, and control valves are respectively arranged on the pipeline between the solid residue storage tank and the incinerator and the pipeline between the gas purification device and the incinerator;

the spiral extrusion solid-liquid separator and the solid residue storage tank are respectively communicated with the fermentation tank through pipelines.

Preferably, the incinerator comprises a heat-insulating housing, and further comprises:

the funnel-shaped discharge pipe is arranged at the bottom of the heat-insulating shell and is communicated with the solid residue storage tank;

one end of the vertical elevator is communicated with the discharge pipe, and the other end of the vertical elevator is communicated with the top wall of the heat-preservation shell;

the horizontal filter plate is arranged between the solid residue storage tank and the discharge pipe;

the garbage inlet is arranged on the side wall of the heat-insulating shell and is communicated with the spiral extrusion solid-liquid separator;

the oily sludge particle inlet is arranged on the top wall of the heat-preservation shell and is communicated with the mixing dryer;

the arched bridge is arranged on the inner wall of the heat-insulating shell and is positioned above the garbage inlet, and the width of the arched bridge is half of the inner diameter of the heat-insulating shell;

and the heater is arranged on the side wall of the heat-preservation shell below the arched bridge.

Preferably, the temperature in the heat-preservation shell is 700-850 ℃.

Preferably, the arched bridge is a high-alumina brick bridge.

Preferably, the diameter of the sludge prepared in the drying and granulating machine is 5-8cm, and the water content is 30-40%.

Preferably, the water content of the material B prepared in the mixing dryer is 10-15%.

The invention also provides a treatment process of the domestic garbage environment-friendly cleaning equipment, which comprises the following steps:

step 1, dehydrating the oily sludge by using the sludge dehydrator to obtain a filter cake which is a material A;

step 2, crushing the material A by using the crusher;

step 3, granulating the crushed material A by using the drying granulator to obtain a granular material A;

step 4, mixing and drying the granular material A and the sludge fixing agent by using the mixing dryer to obtain a material B;

step 5, performing solid-liquid separation on the garbage by using the spiral extrusion solid-liquid separator to obtain solid waste and liquid waste;

step 6, utilizing the incinerator to incinerate the solid waste and the material B together;

step 7, storing the burnt sludge powder and fly ash by using the solid residue storage tank;

and 8, collecting liquid waste by using the fermentation tank, and performing co-fermentation on the liquid waste, sludge powder and fly ash.

Preferably, the method for environment-friendly cleaning of the household garbage specifically comprises the following steps:

oily sludge enters the sludge dewatering machine for dewatering treatment to obtain a material A, the material A is crushed by the crusher and then continues to be granulated in the drying granulator to obtain a granular material A, the granular material A and a sludge fixing agent are mixed in the mixing dryer to obtain a material B, and the material B enters the incinerator;

the household garbage enters the spiral extrusion solid-liquid separator, liquid waste and solid waste are obtained through separation, the liquid waste is discharged into the fermentation tank and is fermented together with sludge powder and fly ash; discharging the solid waste into the incinerator, and combusting the solid waste and the material B in the incinerator together;

and gas generated by combustion in the incinerator is cleaned by the gas purification device and then discharged.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:

1. the invention is provided with a sludge dehydrator, a crusher, a drying granulator and a mixing dryer, after the oily sludge is dehydrated by the sludge dehydrator, the oily sludge is crushed in the crusher to be dried and granulated, then the oily sludge is made into sludge particles with required particle size in the drying granulator, and finally the oily sludge is mixed with a sludge fixing agent in the mixing dryer to be made into firm sludge particles, at the moment, the sludge particles not only can be used as auxiliary fuel to provide heat, but also can be used as heat storage particles to promote the full combustion of garbage when being in contact with the garbage.

2. According to the invention, the sludge particles and the solid waste in the garbage are heated together in a circulating manner by the vertical elevator, so that the efficient secondary utilization of the oily sludge is realized, the oily sludge is treated, the stable combustion of the garbage is facilitated to provide fuel, and finally the oily sludge is decomposed under high heat; the solid waste is subjected to efficient treatment after being circularly combusted, toxic and harmful gases are effectively decomposed under the circulating heating condition, and finally the residual gases are discharged after being treated by the gas purification device; the rest sludge contains nutrient substances after combustion, and the agricultural fertilizer is obtained after the fermentation together with the liquid waste.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a process flow diagram of an environment-friendly household garbage cleaning device and process of the invention;

FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the internal structure of an incinerator for environmental protection and cleaning of domestic garbage according to the present invention.

Description of the reference numerals

1. A sludge dewatering machine; 2. a crusher; 3. drying and granulating machine; 4. a spiral extrusion solid-liquid separator; 5. an incinerator; 6. a solid residue storage tank; 7. a fermentation tank; 8. a heat-insulating shell; 9. a discharge pipe; 10. a vertical hoist; 11. A horizontal filter plate; 12. a waste inlet; 13. a mixing dryer; 14. an arch bridge; 15. a heater; 16. an inlet for oily sludge particles.

Detailed Description

Specific embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings, but it should be understood that the scope of the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be obtained by a person skilled in the art without any inventive step based on the embodiments of the present invention, are within the scope of the present invention. The raw materials used in the invention are not indicated by manufacturers, and are all conventional products which can be obtained by commercial purchase.

An environment-friendly household garbage cleaning device is shown in figure 1 and comprises: the system comprises a sludge dehydrator 1, a crusher 2, a drying granulator 3, a mixing dryer 13, a spiral extrusion solid-liquid separator 4, an incinerator 5, a solid residue storage tank 6, a fermentation tank 7 and a gas purification device; the sludge dewatering machine 1 is used for dewatering oily sludge to obtain a filter cake which is a material A, the crusher 2 is used for crushing the material A to facilitate granulation of the drying granulator 3, a granular material A is obtained after granulation, and the granular material A is mixed with a sludge fixing agent in the mixing dryer 13 to prepare firm sludge granules which are convenient for keeping the structure of the granules stable during incineration; the spiral extrusion solid-liquid separator 4 carries out solid-liquid separation on the garbage to obtain solid waste and liquid waste, the solid waste and the material B jointly enter the incinerator 5, stable heat is provided by burning the material B to facilitate power generation, the material B is also convenient for the solid waste to fully burn in the incinerator 5, the solid residue storage tank 6 is used for storing burnt sludge and fly ash, and finally the burnt sludge, fly ash and liquid waste are jointly fermented in the fermentation tank 7 to obtain agricultural fertilizer, and gas burnt in the incinerator 5 is purified by the gas purification device and then discharged.

The sludge dewatering machine 1, the crusher 2, the drying granulator 3 and the mixing dryer 13 are sequentially connected in a through way through pipelines;

the mixing dryer 13, the spiral extrusion solid-liquid separator 4, the gas purification device and the solid residue storage tank 6 are respectively communicated with the incinerator 5 through pipelines, and the pipelines between the solid residue storage tank 6 and the incinerator 5 and the pipelines between the gas purification device and the incinerator 5 are respectively provided with a control valve which is convenient for controlling the flow direction of solid and gas;

the spiral extrusion solid-liquid separator 4 and the solid residue storage tank 6 are respectively communicated with the fermentation tank 7 through pipelines;

as shown in fig. 2, the incinerator 5 includes a heat-insulating casing 8, and the heat-insulating casing 8 is convenient for maintaining the combustion temperature, and further includes:

the funnel-shaped discharge pipe 9 is convenient for blanking, the discharge pipe 9 is arranged at the bottom of the heat-insulating shell 8, and the discharge pipe 9 is communicated with the solid residue storage tank 6;

one end of the vertical elevator 10 is communicated with the discharge pipe 9, the other end of the vertical elevator is communicated with the top wall of the heat-insulating shell 8, and the vertical elevator 10 is used for heating sludge particles and solid wastes in the garbage together in a circulating manner so as to be convenient for sufficient combustion, so that the temperature in the heat-insulating shell 8 does not need to reach 900-1100 ℃;

the horizontal filter plate 11 is arranged between the solid residue storage tank 6 and the discharge pipe 9, and the horizontal filter plate 11 is used for filtering fly ash and sludge after combustion;

the garbage inlet 12 is arranged on the side wall of the heat-insulating shell 8, the garbage inlet 12 is communicated with the spiral extrusion solid-liquid separator 4, and solid wastes produced by extrusion of the extrusion solid-liquid separator 4 enter the heat-insulating shell 8 through the garbage inlet 12 and are incinerated;

the oily sludge particle inlet 16 is arranged on the top wall of the heat preservation shell 8, the oily sludge particle inlet 16 is communicated with the mixing dryer 13, and the material B enters the heat preservation shell 8 through the oily sludge particle inlet 16 and is fully combusted;

the arched bridge 14 is arranged on the inner wall of the heat-insulating shell 8 and is positioned above the garbage inlet 12, the width of the arched bridge 14 is half of the inner diameter of the heat-insulating shell 8, and the arched bridge 14 is arranged to realize that the material B slowly falls down and fully contacts and burns solid wastes, so that the purposes of fully burning and providing stable heat are realized;

and the heater 15 is arranged on the side wall of the heat preservation shell 8 below the arched bridge 14, and the heater 15 is used for providing heat for the heat preservation shell 8.

The method for environment-friendly cleaning of the household garbage comprises the following steps:

oily sludge enters a sludge dewatering machine 1 to be dewatered to obtain a material A, the material A is crushed by a crusher 2 and then is granulated in a drying granulator 3 to obtain a granular material A, the diameter of the granular material A is 5-8cm, the water content of the granular material A is 30-40%, the granular material A and a sludge fixing agent are mixed in a mixing dryer 13 to obtain a material B, the water content of the material B is 10-15%, the material B enters an incinerator 5, and the temperature in the incinerator 5 is 850 ℃;

the household garbage enters a spiral extrusion solid-liquid separator 4, liquid waste and solid waste are obtained through separation, the liquid waste is discharged into a fermentation tank 7 and is fermented together with sludge and fly ash; the solid waste is discharged into the incinerator 5 and is combusted together with the material B in the incinerator 5.

It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications may be made in the invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Thus, if such modifications and variations of the present invention fall within the scope of the claims of the present invention and their equivalents, the present invention is also intended to include such modifications and variations.

Claims

1. An environmental protection cleaning device for household waste, characterized in that it comprises: a sludge dewatering machine (1), a crusher (2), a drying granulator (3), a mixing dryer (13), a screw extruder A pressed solid-liquid separator (4), an incinerator (5), a solid residue storage tank (6), a fermentation tank (7) and a gas purification device;

The sludge dewatering machine (1), the crusher (2), the drying and granulating machine (3) and the mixing dryer (13) are connected in sequence through pipes;

The mixing dryer (13), the screw extrusion solid-liquid separator (4), the gas purification device and the solid residue storage tank (6) are connected to the incinerator (5) through pipes respectively. Through connection, and the pipeline between the solid residue storage tank (6) and the incinerator (5) and the pipeline between the gas purification device and the incinerator (5) are respectively provided with control valves ;

The screw extrusion solid-liquid separator (4) and the solid residue storage tank (6) are respectively connected to the fermentation tank (7) through a pipeline.

2. A kind of household garbage environmental protection cleaning equipment according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described incinerator (5) comprises thermal insulation shell (8), also comprises:

A funnel-shaped discharge pipe (9) is arranged at the bottom of the thermal insulation shell (8), and the discharge pipe (9) is throughly connected with the solid residue storage tank (6);

a vertical hoist (10), one end of which is throughly connected to the discharge pipe (9), and the other end of which is throughly connected to the top wall of the thermal insulation shell (8);

A horizontal filter plate (11) is arranged between the solid residue storage tank (6) and the discharge pipe (9);

A garbage inlet (12) is arranged on the side wall of the thermal insulation shell (8), and the garbage inlet (12) is in a through connection with the screw extrusion solid-liquid separator (4);

The oily sludge particle inlet (16) is arranged on the top wall of the thermal insulation shell (8), and the oily sludge particle inlet (16) is in a through connection with the mixing dryer (13);

An arched bridge (14) is arranged on the inner wall of the thermal insulation shell (8), and is located above the garbage inlet (12), the width of the arched bridge (14) is equal to the inner diameter of the thermal insulation shell (8) half;

A heater (15) is arranged on the side wall of the thermal insulation shell (8) below the arched bridge (14).

3 . The environmental protection cleaning equipment for household garbage according to claim 2 , wherein the temperature in the heat preservation shell ( 8 ) is 700-850° C. 4 .

4 . The environmental protection cleaning equipment for household waste according to claim 2 , wherein the arched bridge ( 14 ) is a high-alumina brick bridge. 5 .

5. A kind of household garbage environmental protection cleaning equipment according to claim 2 is characterized in that, the diameter of the sludge prepared in the drying granulator (3) is 5-8cm, and the water content is 30-40% .

6. An environmental protection cleaning device for household waste according to claim 2, characterized in that the moisture content of the material B prepared in the mixing dryer (13) is 10-15%.

7. The treatment process of a kind of household garbage environmental protection cleaning equipment according to any one of claims 1-6, characterized in that, comprising the following steps:

Step 1, using the sludge dehydrator (1) to dehydrate the oily sludge, and the obtained filter cake is material A;

Step 2, using the crusher (2) to crush the material A;

Step 3, using the drying granulator (3) to granulate the crushed material A to obtain the granular material A;

Step 4, using the mixing dryer (13) to realize the mixing and drying of the granular material A and the sludge fixative to obtain the material B;

Step 5, using the screw extrusion solid-liquid separator (4) to separate the garbage from solid and liquid to obtain solid waste and liquid waste;

Step 6, utilize the incinerator (5) to jointly incinerate solid waste and material B;

Step 7, using the solid residue storage tank (6) to store the sludge powder and fly ash after combustion;

Step 8. Use the fermentation tank (7) to collect liquid waste, and ferment the liquid waste, sludge powder and fly ash together.

8. The treatment process of a household garbage environmental protection cleaning equipment according to claim 7, wherein the method for the household garbage environmental protection cleaning is specifically:

After the oily sludge enters the sludge dewatering machine (1) for dehydration treatment, material A is obtained. After the material A is crushed by the crusher (2), it continues to be processed in the drying granulator (3). ) in the granulation to obtain the granular material A, the granular material A and the sludge fixing agent are mixed in the mixing dryer (13) to obtain the material B, and the material B enters the incinerator (5);

Domestic waste enters into the screw extrusion solid-liquid separator (4), and separates liquid waste and solid waste. The liquid waste is discharged into the fermentation tank (7), and mixed with sludge powder and solid waste. The fly ash is co-fermented; the solid waste is discharged into the incinerator (5), and is co-combusted with the material B in the incinerator (5);

The gas produced by combustion in the incinerator (5) is cleaned and discharged through the gas purification device.