CN112921237B - Smelting method of silicon-manganese killed non-oriented silicon steel - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明提供一种硅锰镇静无取向硅钢冶炼方法。该无取向硅钢化学成分质量百分比为C≤0.005％，Si：0.25％‑1.20％，Mn：0.2％‑0.8％，P：0.015％‑0.065％，S≤0.005％，Als≤0.005％，余量为Fe及不可避免的杂质。其生产方法包括转炉出钢结束加石灰、渣面脱氧剂调渣；RH真空精炼脱碳结束后进行脱氧合金化，合金化后3‑5min由真空室料仓加入合成渣，处理一段时间后净循环8‑12min，破空出钢运至连铸浇注。得到钢水中主要为SiO2‑CaO‑Al2O3系夹杂，一方面避免了钢水中生成低熔点SiO2‑MnO系夹杂，轧制过程沿轧制向伸长，阻碍晶粒长大；另一方面也避免了生成纯SiO2或高SiO2组分类酸性夹杂，导致冶炼过程耐火材料的严重侵蚀。本发明可控制钢中非金属夹杂物类型，提高钢水洁净度，改善冶炼过程中对耐火材料的侵蚀。
The invention provides a method for smelting silicon-manganese-killed non-oriented silicon steel. The chemical composition mass percentage of the non-oriented silicon steel is C≤0.005%, Si: 0.25%-1.20%, Mn: 0.2%-0.8%, P: 0.015%-0.065%, S≤0.005%, Als≤0.005%, the remainder For Fe and inevitable impurities. The production method includes adding lime and slag surface deoxidizer to adjust slag after tapping in the converter; deoxidizing and alloying after RH vacuum refining and decarburization, adding synthetic slag from a vacuum chamber silo for 3-5 minutes after alloying, and treating it for a period of time to clean the slag. The cycle is 8-12min, and the steel is tapped and transported to continuous casting. The obtained molten steel is mainly composed of SiO 2 ‑CaO‑Al 2 O 3 inclusions. On the one hand, the formation of low melting point SiO 2 ‑MnO inclusions in the molten steel is avoided, and the rolling process is elongated along the rolling direction, which hinders the growth of grains. On the one hand, it also avoids the formation of pure SiO 2 or high SiO 2 group classified acidic inclusions, resulting in severe erosion of refractory materials during smelting. The invention can control the types of non-metallic inclusions in the steel, improve the cleanliness of molten steel, and improve the erosion of refractory materials in the smelting process.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of steel smelting, and particularly relates to a smelting method of silicon-manganese killed non-oriented silicon steel.
Background
The silicon-manganese killed non-oriented silicon steel is a soft magnetic alloy, is an indispensable energy-saving functional material in national power, electronics and military industries, is mainly applied to iron cores of various household motors, compressors, generators, ballasts and transformers, plays a role of a medium for electromagnetic energy conversion, plays an important role in energy conservation and consumption reduction, and is closely related to national economic development and people life. The prior non-oriented silicon steel smelting process flow is as follows: KR molten iron pretreatment → converter → RH vacuum furnace refining → continuous casting.
The silicon-manganese killed non-oriented silicon steel requires strict acid-soluble aluminum in a finished product, and the content of the acid-soluble aluminum is controlled to be below 0.0050 percent, so that ultra-low-carbon low-sulfur silicon iron and manganese metal are adopted for deoxidation alloying in the production process. When ferrosilicon, ferromanganese and other alloys are used for oxygen alloying, the deoxidation product is mainly SiO with low melting point2MnO series inclusions are included, the MnO content is between 5 and 25 percent, the MnO melting point is low, the MnO content in the oxide composite inclusions is high, the inclusions are in a semi-molten state during hot rolling at a higher temperature and extend along the rolling direction, and crystal grains can be prevented from growing during annealing, so that the magnetic performance of the series of silicon-manganese killed non-oriented silicon steel is reduced. In order to solve the problem, patent CN108660294B introduces a method for controlling inclusions in silicon-manganese killed silicon steel, which controls the inclusions to be high SiO2Zone, pure SiO produced by deoxidation alloying in molten steel2Or high SiO2The component-classified high-melting-point acid inclusion has small inhibition effect on crystal grains although not deformed in the rolling process, but because SiO in the inclusion2The content of the components is too high, and the materials of the vacuum furnace refractory, the continuous casting water gap, the stopper rod and the like are generally MgO and Al2O3Material, high SiO2The components are mixed and react with refractory to produce low-melting-point silicate product, which is used in molten steel scouringWhen the corrosion inhibitor is used, refractory materials are seriously corroded, and the quality of molten steel and the normal operation of production are influenced.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects in the prior art, the invention provides a smelting method of silicon-manganese killed non-oriented silicon steel, which has the following specific technical scheme:
a smelting method of silicon-manganese killed non-oriented silicon steel comprises the following chemical components in percentage by mass, C is less than or equal to 0.005%, Si: 0.25% -1.20%, Mn: 0.2% -0.8%, P: 0.015-0.065%, S less than or equal to 0.005%, Als less than or equal to 0.005%, and the balance Fe and inevitable impurities. The production method of the silicon-manganese killed non-oriented silicon steel sequentially comprises a KR molten iron pretreatment process, a converter smelting process, an RH vacuum refining process and a continuous casting process, wherein the KR molten iron pretreatment process, the converter smelting process, the RH vacuum refining process and the continuous casting process are sequentially carried out, and the method comprises the following steps of:
(1) KR molten iron pretreatment: the S content is less than or equal to 0.002 percent after the molten iron is desulfurized;
(2) strictly controlling the slag discharge amount during converter tapping, simultaneously adding lime and a slag surface deoxidizer to the surface of molten steel after tapping is finished to control oxygen and adjust slag, and then conveying to RH treatment;
(3) RH deep decarburization treatment, after the deep decarburization treatment, firstly adding low-carbon low-sulfur ferrosilicon for deoxidation alloying, simultaneously adding a slag surface deoxidizing agent into the slag surface of a steel ladle to deoxidize and modify the slag, after circulating for 3-5min, adding metal manganese and ferrophosphorus for alloying, after alloying, adding synthetic slag from a vacuum chamber bin 3-5min, reducing the flow rate of lifting gas when adding the synthetic slag, simultaneously closing two-stage vacuum pumps E4 and E5 to reduce the air pumping capacity, after circulating for 4-6min, recovering the flow rate of the lifting gas, and restarting the two-stage vacuum pumps E4 and E5 to carry out clean circulation treatment, wherein the clean circulation treatment time is 8-12min, then breaking the air and tapping;
(4) and after RH refining is finished, the molten steel is hoisted to continuous casting for protective pouring.
Further, in the smelting method of silicon-manganese killed non-oriented silicon steel, the KR station molten iron condition meets the following conditions: the temperature is more than or equal to 1360 ℃, Si is more than or equal to 0.20% and less than or equal to 0.45%, and S is less than or equal to 0.045%;
furthermore, after the tapping of the converter is finished, 1.5-3.0kg/t of lime, 0.5-2.0kg/t of slag surface deoxidizer and 1000NL/min of ladle bottom blowing flow rate are added to the surface of the molten steel and stirred for 4-6 min.
Furthermore, in the smelting method of the silicon-manganese killed non-oriented silicon steel, the free oxygen content of RH incoming molten steel is controlled to be 0.045-0.065%, and the free oxygen content of the molten steel is less than or equal to 0.035% after RH decarburization is finished.
Furthermore, in the smelting method of the silicon-manganese killed non-oriented silicon steel, 5.5-15.5kg/t of low-carbon low-sulfur silicon iron is added into molten steel after RH decarburization is finished, and 0.5-1.0kg/t of slag surface deoxidizer is added into the slag surface of the steel ladle to modify the slag, wherein the slag surface deoxidizer mainly comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 35% -45% of Al2O3: 25% -35%, metal aluminum: 20% -35% of CaF2: 3-8 percent of the alloy, and other inevitable impurities, and finally adding metal manganese and ferrophosphorus for alloying.
Furthermore, the smelting method of the silicon-manganese killed non-oriented silicon steel is characterized in that 1.0-2.5kg/t of synthetic slag is added from a vacuum chamber bin 3-5min after RH alloying is finished, and the main components of the synthetic slag comprise CaO: 60% -70% of Al2O3: 10% -15%, calcium metal: 10-15%, metallic aluminum: 5% -10% and other inevitable impurities.
Furthermore, in the smelting method of the silicon-manganese killed non-oriented silicon steel, the flow rate of the lifting gas is set to be 90-110NL/min when RH synthesized slag is added, the vacuum pumps E4 and E5 are closed, the pressure of the vacuum chamber is increased to 350mbar when the pressure of the vacuum chamber is increased to 100-.
Furthermore, in the smelting method of the silicon-manganese killed non-oriented silicon steel, RH net circulation treatment time is 8-12min, and then the steel is tapped after the space is broken.
Furthermore, the inclusion in the molten steel smelted by the silicomanganese killed non-oriented silicon steel smelting method is SiO2-CaO-Al2O3Is SiO in the inclusions2≤60％、Al2O3Less than or equal to 25 percent, CaO: 20-50% and small amount of other inevitable components.
The design principle of the invention is as follows:
after tapping, lime and a slag surface deoxidizer are added to carry out slag adjustment and deoxidation, and the oxidizability of slag and the oxygen content of molten steel when RH enters the station are controlled. After RH vacuum deep decarburization, the oxygen content of molten steel is ensured to be controlled at a lower level (below 0.035%), then low-carbon low-sulfur ferrosilicon is added for deoxidation alloying, simultaneously slag surface deoxidizer is added to the slag surface of steel ladle for deoxidation modification of slag, and SiO generated during deoxidation alloying2The total amount of SiO remained in the molten steel is relatively reduced2The inclusions are also correspondingly reduced; meanwhile, the oxidability of the slag is very low, and the manganese metal is added after the circulation for 3-5min and hardly oxidized, so that SiO is effectively controlled2Formation of MnO Low melting inclusions. After finishing the RH alloying, adding high-alkalinity synthetic slag into the molten steel in the vacuum chamber, simultaneously increasing the pressure in the RH vacuum chamber, reducing and improving the gas flow, namely weakening the circulating flow of the molten steel, prolonging the retention time of the synthetic slag in the molten steel, and promoting CaO and Al in the synthetic slag2O3Component and SiO2Carrying out sufficient reaction; the synthetic slag contains proper amount of metal Ca and Al, SiO in molten steel2The modification and reduction of the inclusion surface layer also enhances the deoxidation of the molten steel, comprehensively reduces the total oxygen content of the molten steel, improves the cleanliness of the molten steel, and controls the inclusion in the molten steel to be SiO2-CaO-Al2O3Is an inclusion of SiO as the main component2≤60％、Al2O3Less than or equal to 25 percent, CaO: 20 to 50 percent, and avoids generating pure SiO2Or high SiO2The acidic inclusion of the components causes severe erosion of the refractory material during smelting. Designing proper synthetic slag components, and well controlling the SiO which is the original deoxidation product of molten steel2Inclusion modified components and their contents. Strictly controlling the cycle time after reducing the pressure of the vacuum chamber and increasing the gas flow after adding the synthetic slag, and ensuring the synthetic slag and SiO2After the fully mixing reaction, the gas flow and the pressure of the vacuum chamber are immediately recovered and increased, the circulation flow is increased, the floating of the synthetic slag and large-size impurities is promoted, and meanwhile, the net circulation time under the set circulation flow is also strictly controlled because the circulation flow of the molten steel after the synthetic slag is added is too smallAnd the overlong treatment time can cause the components in the synthetic slag and the SiO which is the original deoxidation product of the molten steel2Excessive reaction to result in CaO and Al inclusions2O3Too high, the melting point of the inclusions is raised and deviates from the target area; if the circulating flow of the molten steel is too large and the processing time is too short, the synthetic slag component and SiO2The reaction is insufficient, the inclusion is still an acidic high SiO2 component, and the corrosion to the refractory is still serious, so that the circulation amount and the treatment time after the synthetic slag is added are too long or too short, and the inclusion can not be ensured to fall on the target of component design. In addition, SiO formed after modification2-CaO-Al2O3The system has larger inclusion size, improves the RH vacuum degree and the gas flow in the later period, increases the molten steel circulation flow, is more beneficial to floating and removing the inclusion, and improves the molten steel cleanliness.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has at least the following beneficial effects:
1. the invention provides a method for accurately controlling impurities in molten steel to be SiO2-CaO-Al2O3Method of inclusion, main component SiO2≤60％、Al2O3Less than or equal to 25 percent, CaO: 20-50 percent, proper melting point, no water gap blockage in the casting process, difficult deformation in the rolling process and avoidance of SiO with low melting point generated2The rolling elongation of the inclusion caused by MnO inclusion is prolonged, and the grain growth is influenced; simultaneously reduces the generation of pure SiO2Or high SiO2The acidic inclusion of the components causes the serious erosion of refractory materials in the smelting process, thereby improving the performance and the production stability of the series of silicon-manganese killed non-oriented silicon steel.
2. The invention modifies molten steel and slag three times in the processes of converter tapping, RH refining and alloying, can accurately control the oxidability of the molten steel and the slag, and obviously reduces the alloy consumption in the alloying process compared with the conventional process.
3. The inclusion type and the smelting process controlled by the invention effectively reduce the erosion of refractory materials and reduce the consumption of the refractory materials, and are very beneficial to the control of production cost and environmental protection.
Drawings
FIG. 1 shows a schematic diagram of a system usingThe technical proposal of the invention is that the inclusions in the steel are SiO2-CaO-Al2O3Is a distribution diagram in a ternary phase diagram.
FIG. 2 shows that the inclusions in the steel are in SiO state in the original process2-Al2O3-MnO is a distribution diagram in ternary phase diagram.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Examples
The production of the silicon-manganese killed non-oriented silicon steel is carried out on a production line of the non-oriented silicon steel in a certain steel mill. The process flow comprises the following steps: KR molten iron pretreatment → converter smelting → RH vacuum refining → continuous casting. The invention will be further explained by taking the process treatment of the invention as an example.
(1) The molten iron is subjected to KR desulfurization treatment, and the molten iron requirements for entering and leaving are shown in the following table 1. After the treatment is finished, the mixture is transported to a converter for converting.
TABLE 1 KR inbound and outbound molten iron conditions
| Furnace number | The arrival temperature, deg.C | Si，％ | Pre S% | Post S% |
| 1 | 1360 | 0.20 | 0.026 | 0.0011 |
| 2 | 1377 | 0.33 | 0.030 | 0.0015 |
| 3 | 1386 | 0.45 | 0.045 | 0.0020 |
(2) The slag discharge amount is strictly controlled during converter tapping, and lime and a slag surface deoxidizer are added into steel after tapping to control oxygen and adjust slag. The addition of slag surface deoxidizer and lime and other process parameters are shown in the following table 2, and after the slag is uniformly melted, water is transported to RH for smelting.
TABLE 2 converter smelting Process parameters
| Furnace number | Lime, kg/t | Slag surface deoxidizer, kg/t | Ladle bottom blowing flow，NL/min | Stirring time, min |
| 1 | 1.5 | 0.5 | 700 | 4 |
| 2 | 3.0 | 1.1 | 1000 | 5 |
| 3 | 2.6 | 2.0 | 850 | 6 |
(3) The RH inbound free oxygen content is controlled to be 0.045% -0.065%; after the decarburization is finished, the free oxygen content of the molten steel is less than or equal to 0.035%; after the deep decarburization is finished, adding low-carbon low-sulfur ferrosilicon, and simultaneously adding a slag surface deoxidizer to a slag surface of a ladle to deoxidize and modify the slag, wherein the used slag surface deoxidizer comprises the following main components in percentage by mass: CaO: 35% -45% of Al2O3: 25% -35%, metal aluminum: 20% -35% of CaF2: 3-8%, and other unavoidable impurities; after circulation for 3-5min, adding metal manganese and ferrophosphorus for alloying, after alloying is finished, adding synthetic slag from a bin of a vacuum chamber for 3-5min, setting the flow of lifting gas to be 90-110NL/min, simultaneously closing E4 and E5 vacuum pumps, increasing the pressure of the vacuum chamber to 350mbar of 100 organic chemicals, after treatment for 4-6min, opening E4 and E5 vacuum pumps, recovering the flow of lifting gas to 210NL/min of 190 organic chemicals, reducing the pressure of the vacuum chamber to be below 2mbar, and performing clean circulation treatment, wherein during the clean circulation, the clean circulation is performedAnd (5) stopping for 8-12min, then breaking the hole and tapping. The used synthetic slag comprises the following main components in percentage by mass: 60% -70% of Al2O3: 10% -15%, calcium metal: 10-15%, metallic aluminum: 5% -10% and other inevitable impurities. Other process parameters are shown in table 3 below.
TABLE 3 RH vacuum refining Process parameters
(4) And after the RH vacuum refining is finished, the molten steel is lifted to a continuous casting station for casting, and the whole-process protection casting is adopted.
The ultralow-aluminum non-oriented silicon steel obtained by the method comprises the following chemical components in percentage by mass: c: 0.0013% -0.005%, Si: 0.25% -1.20%, Mn: 0.2% -0.8%, P: 0.015% -0.065%, S: 0.0012 to 0.005 percent of Al, 0.0015 to 0.005 percent of Als and the balance of Fe and inevitable impurities.
In the continuous casting process, a crystallizer molten steel sample is taken to analyze the components of inclusions, and the main type of oxide inclusions in the steel is SiO2-CaO-Al2O3Is SiO in the inclusions2≤60％、Al2O3Less than or equal to 25 percent, CaO: 20% -50%, and small amount of other inevitable components, and the distribution in the phase diagram is shown in figure 1.
Comparative examples
The original production process of the series of silicon-manganese killed non-oriented silicon steel comprises the following steps: KR molten iron pretreatment → converter smelting → RH refining → continuous casting. Slag stopping balls are adopted for slag stopping and tapping in converter tapping, the slag discharging amount is strictly controlled, and lime and fluorite are added for slagging after tapping is finished; after the RH vacuum is treated by adopting a deep decarburization process, two schemes are adopted in the deoxidation alloying process, namely a scheme 1: simultaneously adding low-carbon low-sulfur ferrosilicon, metal manganese and ferrophosphorus for deoxidation alloying, after the deoxidation alloying is finished, the molten steel is completely circulated for more than 6min, and then the air is broken, the steel is tapped, and the molten steel is transported to a continuous casting platform for casting. The obtained inclusion is shown as region 1 in FIG. 2, and the main type of the inclusion is SiO2-MnO、SiO2-MnO-Al2O3Wherein the MnO component is higher and accounts for 30-60 percent, the melting point of MnO is low, the MnO content in the oxide composite inclusions is high, the oxide composite inclusions are in a semi-molten state during hot rolling at a higher temperature and extend along the rolling direction, and crystal grains can be prevented from growing during annealing, so that the magnetic performance of the series of ultra-low aluminum non-oriented silicon steel is reduced. Scheme 2: the low-carbon low-sulfur ferrosilicon is added for deoxidation, after the oxygen content of the molten steel is fully removed, the metal manganese, ferrophosphorus and the like are added for deoxidation alloying, after the deoxidation alloying is finished, the molten steel is circulated for more than 6min, and then the hollow part is broken, the steel is tapped, and the molten steel is transported to a continuous casting platform for casting. The resulting inclusion is shown as region 2 in FIG. 2, where SiO is2The components are higher, the percentage of the components is more than 70 percent, the inclusions are not deformed in the rolling process, the influence on the grain growth in the cold rolling annealing stage is less, but pure SiO2Or high SiO2The group classification acid inclusions seriously erode refractory materials of a steel ladle and an RH vacuum furnace, and are not beneficial to the improvement of the quality of molten steel and the stability of the pouring performance. The two production schemes are implemented in industrial production, and the production stability of the silicon-manganese killed steel is not ideally controlled due to different problems.
Through comparison between the embodiment and the comparative embodiment, the inclusion type controlled by the invention can ensure the pouring performance of molten steel, does not erode refractory materials of a vacuum furnace and continuous casting equipment, increases the number of continuous casting furnaces from the original 10-12 furnaces to 14-46 furnaces, and increases the service life of an RH dip pipe from the original 80-100 times to 120-135 times; meanwhile, because the high-alkalinity synthetic slag is added from the vacuum chamber, the deoxidation of the molten steel is enhanced, the free oxygen is reduced to below 25ppm from the original 40-65ppm, and the cleanliness is greatly improved. The type control and the cleanliness improvement of the inclusions are integrated, the number of the inclusions is reduced, the inclusions cannot deform in the rolling process, the performance of the silicon steel is stable, and the standard reaching rate of the magnetic performance of the silicon steel is improved to more than 97% from the original 92%.
The above description is only for the preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any person skilled in the art should be considered as the technical solutions and the inventive concepts of the present invention within the technical scope of the present invention.
Claims (7)
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