CN112945708B - A kind of gravel frozen soil strength test system - Google Patents
A kind of gravel frozen soil strength test system Download PDFInfo
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- CN112945708B CN112945708B CN202110524976.9A CN202110524976A CN112945708B CN 112945708 B CN112945708 B CN 112945708B CN 202110524976 A CN202110524976 A CN 202110524976A CN 112945708 B CN112945708 B CN 112945708B
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- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/08—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying steady tensile or compressive forces
- G01N3/10—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying steady tensile or compressive forces generated by pneumatic or hydraulic pressure
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of material property determination, and discloses a gravel frozen soil strength testing system, which is used for applying external force to a gravel frozen soil sample to test the dynamic performance of the gravel frozen soil sample, and comprises a triaxial chamber and an actuating host used for fixing the triaxial chamber; the triaxial chamber is internally provided with a sealed test chamber for placing a soil sample, and the bottom of the triaxial chamber is provided with an opening for an external power rod to penetrate into the triaxial chamber to apply axial force to the soil sample; the system also comprises an external main hydraulic module which is communicated with the test chamber of the triaxial chamber and is injected with a pressure-bearing medium; the system also comprises an external circulating bath module, a circulating chamber is surrounded outside the test chamber, and the circulating bath module is communicated with the circulating chamber and continuously injects flowing working media into the circulating chamber. The triaxial chamber barrel body adopts a three-chamber structure formed by three glass partition plates in a separating way, so that a circulating chamber is added outside an original test chamber to realize temperature regulation and control, and heat exchange with the outside is isolated through an external vacuum area, and the heat exchange efficiency is improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of material property determination, particularly relates to a gravel frozen soil strength testing and analyzing technology, and particularly relates to a gravel frozen soil strength testing system.
Background
A triaxial compression test based on a triaxial apparatus is a relatively perfect method for measuring the shear strength of an engineering soil body, and the conventional triaxial apparatus comprises a triaxial pressure chamber (hereinafter referred to as a triaxial chamber), an axial force loading system, a confining pressure back pressure loading system, a pore water pressure measuring system and the like. The triaxial chamber is a core component of the triaxial apparatus, mainly comprises a metal top plate, a bottom plate and a confined pressure cavity, and is used for simulating the real stress state of a soil body under a certain burial depth environment. The conventional triaxial compression test mainly comprises the following steps: the engineering soil body is made into a cylindrical sample, a rubber film is sleeved outside the cylindrical sample, the cylindrical sample is placed in a sealed triaxial chamber, then a pressure-bearing medium (such as water, hydraulic oil and the like) is injected into the triaxial chamber, and confining pressure is applied to enable the sample to be in a hydrostatic pressure state in each direction. At this time, the principal stresses in the three directions X, Y, Z in the sample were equal, and no shear stress failure occurred. And applying axial pressure to the sample through the force transmission rod, wherein the axial (Z-direction) main stress is gradually increased, the sample is finally subjected to shear failure, and the axial pressure stress applied to the sample by the force transmission rod during the shear failure is measured, so that the pore water pressure change of the sample is calculated and serves as a reference basis for application work.
The existing triaxial chamber for the soil-moving triaxial apparatus has a cavity for placing a sample, and pressure simulation is realized by injecting oil into the cavity. However, the soil sample is tested at normal temperature, so that the obtained test result is single and cannot be used for guiding the dynamic performance of special soil at certain specific temperature. Due to insufficient water content in soil bodies in many alpine regions, internal pores are limited in the water body freezing and expanding process, complex combinations of soil particles, ice and gas can be formed, and the overall strength is difficult to test. If the unsaturated ice-containing soil body is heated, the soil body is frozen and thawed by four phases of soil particles, ice, gas and water in the hot melting process, and compared with a completely frozen state, the strength of the soil body is rapidly reduced, so that the soil body is easy to deform, move and form mountain disasters. In the prior art, the research on the strength parameters of the coarse frozen soil under the condition of freeze-thaw cycle is less, the integrity test of the gravel frozen soil in the strength change process in the freeze-thaw process is lacked, and the test research on the relationship of the strength along with the temperature, the density, the ice water conversion rate and the like is lacked, wherein the main reason is the lack of better test equipment.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems in the prior art, the invention provides a gravel frozen soil strength testing system, which realizes temperature regulation of an internal soil sample through a multilayer barrel body structure, so that the strength change of the sample in the freezing and thawing process is tested under different temperature conditions.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
in a first aspect, the invention discloses a gravel frozen soil strength testing system, which is used for applying external force to a gravel frozen soil sample to test the dynamic performance of the gravel frozen soil sample and comprises a triaxial chamber and an actuating host used for fixing the triaxial chamber;
a sealed test chamber for placing a soil sample is arranged in the triaxial chamber, an opening is formed in the bottom of the triaxial chamber, and a power rod arranged in the system can penetrate through the opening and apply axial thrust to the soil sample;
the system also comprises an external main hydraulic module which is communicated with the test chamber of the triaxial chamber and is injected with a pressure-bearing medium;
the system also comprises an external circulating bath module, a circulating chamber is surrounded outside the test chamber, and the circulating bath module is communicated with the circulating chamber and continuously injects flowing working media into the circulating chamber;
the system also includes a data acquisition unit external to the system for collecting the test parameters.
In combination with the first aspect, the present invention provides the first embodiment of the first aspect, further comprising a layer of hollow annular cavity outside the circulation chamber, wherein the annular cavity is communicated with an externally disposed vacuum stabilizer.
In combination with the first embodiment of the first aspect, the invention provides a second embodiment of the first aspect, wherein the triaxial chamber is an integrated apparatus, and the apparatus comprises three nested cylindrical glass partition plates, a cavity in the innermost glass partition plate is a test chamber, a gap between two adjacent middle glass partition plates is a circulation chamber, and an outermost gap is an annular cavity.
In combination with the second embodiment of the first aspect, the present invention provides a third embodiment of the first aspect, wherein the triaxial chamber further comprises a top plate and a bottom plate, and the top plate and the bottom plate are fixedly connected through a plurality of support rods;
the top plate is provided with an upper caulking groove, the bottom plate is provided with a lower caulking groove, and the glass partition plate is clamped between the upper caulking groove and the lower caulking groove.
With reference to the third embodiment of the first aspect, the present invention provides a fourth embodiment of the first aspect, wherein an upper tray is buckled on the top plate, and an upper vacuum cavity is formed between the upper tray and the top plate;
the bottom plate is buckled with a lower tray structure, the lower tray structure comprises a first lower tray and a second lower tray which are mutually buckled and fixed, and a lower vacuum cavity is arranged between the first lower tray and the second lower tray.
In combination with the third or fourth embodiment of the first aspect, the present invention provides a fifth embodiment of the first aspect, wherein the top plate is provided with a plurality of upper annular cavity through holes communicated with the annular cavity, and the annular cavity through holes are arranged on the outer circumferential surface of the top plate and are communicated with an external vacuum stabilizer through a pipeline.
In combination with the third or fourth embodiment of the first aspect, the present invention provides a sixth embodiment of the first aspect, wherein the top plate has a plurality of upper circulation chamber holes communicating with the circulation chamber, and the bottom plate has a plurality of lower circulation chamber holes communicating with the circulation chamber; and the circulating bath module is communicated with the upper hole of the circulating cavity and the lower hole of the circulating cavity through a pipeline to realize working medium circulation.
With reference to the fourth embodiment of the first aspect, the present invention provides a seventh embodiment of the first aspect, wherein the top plate is provided with a plurality of upper liquid guiding holes communicated with the test chambers, the first lower tray is provided with a plurality of lower liquid guiding holes also communicated with the test chambers, and openings of the upper liquid guiding holes and the lower liquid guiding holes are both arranged on an outer end surface of the triaxial chamber;
the main hydraulic module is connected with the upper liquid guide hole and the lower liquid guide hole through pipelines to realize the input and output of the pressure-bearing medium.
With reference to the fourth embodiment mode of the first aspect, the present invention provides an eighth embodiment mode of the first aspect, wherein a plurality of upper vacuum connection holes communicated with the upper vacuum chambers are formed in an upper end surface of the upper tray, and a plurality of lower vacuum connection holes communicated with the lower vacuum chambers are formed in the first lower tray; the vacuum stabilizer is communicated with the upper vacuum connecting hole and the lower vacuum connecting hole through a pipeline.
The low-temperature triaxial chamber is a test container applied to a triaxial apparatus, has a certain volume, can be used for placing a soil sample therein, has enough volume for filling enough pressure-bearing medium, can ensure a better sealing effect, and maintains a stable pressure state in an inner cavity, thereby completing a freeze-thaw test process requiring a certain time process.
Wherein, the soil sample in the inner chamber is generally placed on putting the thing platform to the cover is equipped with the rubber sleeve and is stereotyped, then fills the pressure-bearing medium in to the inner chamber through external equipment, constantly extrudees by liquid pressure-bearing medium and makes the internal pressure in the inner chamber reach experimental requirement, monitors inner structure through setting up a plurality of sensors in the different positions of inner chamber, thereby constantly the structural strength of pressurization in-process record data measurement soil sample.
Because the existing equipment does not have a good temperature regulation function, the invention realizes the effect by improving the structure of the triaxial chamber so as to realize a good temperature control effect by matching with an external system. Wherein, the stack shell is by the centre gripping between two metal disk bodies, and the connection centre gripping through roof and bottom plate is fixed. Particularly, the barrel body is generally a cylindrical structure supported by a transparent material, so that the state of an internal sample can be observed conveniently, and meanwhile, the corrosion-resistant material is adopted and has high stability. The so-called sealed chamber is an independent space formed after the barrel body is fixed, the space is divided by arranging a partition plate inside, the test chamber is used as a main space for accommodating a cylindrical soil sample, and only the layer structure exists in the prior art.
The invention is also provided with a circulating chamber outside or on one side of the test chamber, the circulating chamber is provided with at least two openings, working medium with certain temperature is input into the circulating chamber by connecting with external circulating equipment, and the temperature of the test chamber is controlled within a certain interval by adjusting the temperature of the input working medium so as to meet the test requirement.
It is worth to be noted that the working medium is a fluid, specifically an anti-freezing cooling liquid, and the temperature range for keeping the normal liquid state is wide, the minimum temperature can be 60 ℃ below zero, and the maximum temperature can exceed 105 ℃, so that the working medium is suitable for adjusting the test temperature in the whole triaxial chamber, and can provide a wider temperature adjustment range compared with the prior art.
The annular cavity is an isolating layer structure which is wrapped on the surface of the circulation cavity and is prevented from being in direct contact with the external space, and the internal gas of the annular cavity can be pumped out to form a near vacuum state during testing, so that the heat transfer efficiency is reduced as far as possible, the working medium in the circulation cavity is only subjected to heat exchange with the pressure-bearing medium in the test cavity, and the heat efficiency is improved. And the contact mode of the circulating chamber and the test chamber has various modes, so that the heat transfer efficiency can be ensured only by contacting the annular cavity with the rest surfaces of the circulating chamber.
Because the outside of the annular curved surface of the sealed chamber formed by the separation of the glass partition plate is wrapped with the hollow annular cavity, in order to further reduce the ineffective heat transfer with the outside, the better heat preservation effect is further realized by adding additional tray structures on the top plate and the bottom plate. Wherein, the upper tray and the lower tray are of metal structures, a certain cavity is formed in the middle, and gas in the cavity is pumped out through external equipment during testing, so that a single or a plurality of vacuum cavities are formed, and the heat preservation effect of the upper opening and the lower opening is improved.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
in order to reduce the influence of the high-low temperature environment of the temperature control triaxial chamber on the functions of the original action host equipment, the invention is additionally provided with the trays of the upper plate body and the lower plate body of the low-temperature triaxial chamber, the trays are embedded on the top plate and the bottom plate of the original triaxial chamber, a high-vacuum protection cavity is reserved between the trays and the plate bodies, and the heat exchange between the test cavity and the outside is reduced to the maximum extent by adopting vacuumizing treatment during the test.
Meanwhile, the triaxial cell barrel body adopts a three-chamber structure formed by three glass partition plates, so that a circulating chamber is added outside the original test chamber to realize temperature regulation and control, and heat exchange with the outside is isolated through an external vacuum area, and the heat exchange efficiency is improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic axial view of the whole triaxial cell in accordance with the embodiment 5 of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic axial side structure of a part of the whole triaxial chamber of the embodiment 5 in the disassembled state;
FIG. 3 is a schematic front view of the entire triaxial chamber of example 5 of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic cross-sectional view taken along line A-A of FIG. 3 in accordance with the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic cross-sectional view of an isolated floor section of the present invention in the state of FIG. 4;
FIG. 6 is a top view of the entire triaxial chamber of a portion of example 5 of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a schematic cross-sectional view taken along line B-B of FIG. 6 according to the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a cross-sectional view of the base plate of the present invention in the state of FIG. 7;
fig. 9 is a schematic structural view of the entire triaxial apparatus in embodiment 1 of the present invention.
In the figure: 1-upper tray, 1.1-upper vacuum chamber, 1.2-upper vacuum connection hole, 2-top plate, 2.1-upper circulation chamber hole, 2.2-annular cavity through hole, 2.3-upper caulking groove, 2.4-upper liquid guide hole, 3-support rod, 4-bottom plate, 4.1-lower circulation chamber hole, 4.2-lower caulking groove, 5-first lower tray, 5.1-lower liquid guide hole, 5.2-lower sealing ring, 5.3-lower vacuum connection hole, 6-second lower tray, 7-power rod seal, 8-first glass, 9-second glass, 10-third glass, 11-lower vacuum chamber, 12-lower tray connection hole, 13-triaxial chamber, 14-actuating host, 15-data acquisition unit, 16-high temperature circulation bath, 17-low temperature circulation bath, 18-vacuum stabilizer.
Detailed Description
The invention is further explained below with reference to the drawings and the specific embodiments.
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present application clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present application, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some embodiments of the present application, but not all embodiments. The components of the embodiments of the present application, generally described and illustrated in the figures herein, can be arranged and designed in a wide variety of different configurations.
Thus, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the present application, presented in the accompanying drawings, is not intended to limit the scope of the claimed application, but is merely representative of selected embodiments of the application. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present application.
It should be noted that: like reference numbers and letters refer to like items in the following figures, and thus, once an item is defined in one figure, it need not be further defined and explained in subsequent figures.
In the description of the present application, it should be noted that if the terms "center", "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "inner", "outer", etc. are used for indicating the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings or the orientation or positional relationship which is usually placed when the product of the application is used, the description is only for convenience and simplicity, and the indication or suggestion that the referred device or element must have a specific orientation, be constructed in a specific orientation and be operated, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the present application. Furthermore, the appearances of the terms "first," "second," and the like in the description herein are only used for distinguishing between similar elements and are not intended to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.
Furthermore, the terms "horizontal", "vertical" and the like when used in the description of the present application do not require that the components be absolutely horizontal or overhanging, but may be slightly inclined. For example, "horizontal" merely means that the direction is more horizontal than "vertical" and does not mean that the structure must be perfectly horizontal, but may be slightly inclined.
In the description of the present application, it should also be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly stated or limited, the terms "disposed," "mounted," "connected," and "connected" should be interpreted broadly, e.g., as being fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally connected; can be mechanically or electrically connected; they may be connected directly or indirectly through intervening media, or they may be interconnected between two elements. The specific meaning of the above terms in the present application can be understood in a specific case by those of ordinary skill in the art.
Example 1:
the embodiment discloses a gravel frozen soil strength testing system, as shown in fig. 9, specifically comprising a triaxial chamber 13 and an actuating main machine 14 for fixing the triaxial chamber 13; wherein the triaxial chamber 13 has a sealed test chamber for placing a soil sample therein, and has an opening at the bottom thereof for a power rod of the external actuating main machine 14 to penetrate through to apply an axial force to the soil sample.
The system also comprises an external main hydraulic module which is communicated with the test chamber of the triaxial chamber 13 and is injected with a pressure-bearing medium; the system also comprises an external circulating bath module, a circulating chamber is surrounded outside the test chamber, and the circulating bath module is communicated with the circulating chamber and continuously injects flowing working media into the circulating chamber.
As shown in fig. 9, the circulating bath module in this embodiment includes a high temperature circulating bath 16 and a low temperature circulating bath 17, both of which are independently circulating devices, and are used for inputting working media with different temperatures into the triaxial chamber 13 for temperature control during high temperature and low temperature tests.
The embodiment also includes a hollow annular cavity outside the circulation chamber, which communicates with an externally located vacuum stabilizer 18. The vacuum stabilizer 18 comprises a vacuum pump, a pressure measuring instrument and self-feedback software, and is connected with a computer to automatically control the air pressure state in the corresponding closed space. The triaxial chamber 13 is an integrated device, which comprises three cylindrical organic glass partition plates nested with each other, the cavity in the innermost glass partition plate is a test chamber, the gap between two adjacent middle glass partition plates is a circulating chamber, and the outermost gap is an annular cavity.
The triaxial chamber 13 further comprises a top plate 2 and a bottom plate 4, and the top plate 2 and the bottom plate 4 are fixedly connected through a plurality of support rods 3; an upper caulking groove 2.3 is arranged on the top plate 2, a lower caulking groove 4.2 is arranged on the bottom plate 4, and the glass partition plate is clamped between the upper caulking groove 2.3 and the lower caulking groove 4.2.
As shown in fig. 9, an independent data acquisition unit 15 is further provided in the present embodiment, the data acquisition unit 15 is the same as other control devices, and is connected to the computer shown on the leftmost side, and various sensors provided in the triaxial chamber 13 are connected to the data acquisition unit 15, and the data acquisition unit 15 processes the data and sends the processed data to the computer. And the data acquisition unit 15 mainly collects vacuum stable pressure, low temperature stable temperature, sample end temperature, and sample internal temperature.
The device in the embodiment develops the functions of the GDS soil motion triaxial apparatus of the existing large-scale device, maintains a stable mechanical power system and an axial displacement testing system, develops a set of low-temperature triaxial chamber 13 and a temperature control system which are suitable for testing the strength of the gravel frozen soil, functionally meets the requirement of testing the triaxial strength of the gravel frozen soil, and can provide a temperature and air pressure change curve of a certain specified position of a sample in the testing process.
The main difference is that the bottom plate 4 and the top plate 2 of the low-temperature triaxial chamber 13 are milled with caulking grooves, the organic glass cavity is clamped in the caulking grooves, and a plurality of supporting rods 3 are connected in an auxiliary manner, so that the glass partition plate pipe body of the organic glass is protected from deformation; the caulking groove is internally lined with a silicon-fluorine rubber ring which is wear-resistant, acid-resistant and alkali-resistant, so that the tightness is enhanced.
Example 2:
the present embodiment discloses a low-temperature triaxial cell 13 structure applied in the above embodiment 1, and the existing GDS soil motion triaxial apparatus is an experimental device for measuring the structural strength of a soil sample, and the core part of the apparatus is the triaxial cell 13, which is a container with a sealed cavity. The bottom of the test tube is provided with an opening, an external power rod can enter the triaxial chamber 13 from the opening, a power rod seal 7 is arranged at the opening at the bottom, the power rod can apply axial force to a soil sample in the sealed chamber, the structural strength of the sample is tested when a pressure-bearing medium exists in the sealed cavity, and experimental data are recorded through a plurality of sensors.
The triaxial chamber 13 comprises a top plate 2, a bottom plate 4 and a barrel body in the middle, wherein the barrel body comprises two barrel-shaped glass partition plates, namely a third glass 10 and a second glass 9. Annular caulking grooves are milled on the end faces of the top plate 2 and the bottom plate 4, wherein an upper caulking groove 2.3 is formed in the top plate 2, and a lower caulking groove 4.2 is formed in the bottom plate 4. The upper and lower caulking grooves 2.3, 4.2 have the same cross-sectional shape, as shown in fig. 5, and it can be seen that the caulking groove structure is wedge-shaped or trapezoidal, with the inside pitch gradually decreasing. When the second glass 9 and the third glass 10 are embedded into the upper and lower embedding grooves 4.2, the top plate 2 and the bottom plate 4 on two sides are clamped tightly, so that the second glass and the third glass can be fixed and a better sealing effect is formed.
And roof 2 is connected through many spinal branchs vaulting pole 3 that the centre was equipped with bottom plate 4, is equipped with a plurality of fixed orificess at roof 2 and 4 peripheral position equal central angles of bottom plate, penetrates the bolt to 3 tip of bracing piece and strains fixedly from the fixed orifices. The middle glass clapboard is extruded by two sides and can sink into the upper caulking groove 2.3 and the lower caulking groove 4.2 as much as possible, and waterproof glue can be filled in the caulking grooves to further increase the sealing effect.
In this embodiment, after the top plate 2, the bottom plate 4 and the middle two-side glass partition plates are fixed, the space in the third glass 10 is a test chamber, and the space between the third glass 10 and the second glass 9 is a circulating chamber. The top plate 2 and the bottom plate 4 are also provided with a plurality of connecting holes, wherein the connecting holes comprise an upper liquid guide hole 2.4 on the top plate 2 and a lower liquid guide hole 5.1 on the bottom plate 4, the two liquid guide holes are respectively provided with an opening at one side on the inward end surfaces of the top plate 2 and the bottom plate 4, the opening at the outer side is arranged on the outer end surfaces of the top plate 2 and the bottom plate 4, and the connecting pipes are inserted through the outside and communicated with a hydraulic system. A hydraulic system injects a liquid pressure-bearing medium into the test chamber, and the pressure-bearing medium in the embodiment is hydraulic oil. Because the soil sample is the cylindricality after being stereotyped, and outside cover is equipped with the rubber sleeve, when injecting into hydraulic oil, this soil sample can receive except contacting the off-plate circumference extrusion force of end with the power rod to realize different pressure environment through adjusting outside hydraulic system, thereby obtain different experimental data.
The connecting hole further comprises a circulating cavity upper hole 2.1 arranged on the top plate 2 and a circulating cavity lower hole 4.1 arranged on the bottom plate 4, one side openings of the circulating cavity upper hole 2.1 and the circulating cavity lower hole are arranged in the circulating cavity, and particularly, the circulating cavity is arranged above the top plate 2 and between two annular upper caulking grooves 2.3 embedded in third glass 10 and second glass 9. Similarly, the lower hole 4.1 of the circulation cavity is also arranged at the corresponding position, and the outer openings of the upper hole 2.1 and the lower hole of the circulation cavity are also arranged on the outer end faces of the top plate 2 and the bottom plate 4, and because the concentric circle has a larger radius, the concentric circle has a certain distance with the liquid guide holes at two sides, and cannot cause mutual influence.
In the experimental process, the soil sample is fixed and then placed at the end part of the power rod, the bottom plate 4, the second glass 9, the third glass 10, the supporting rod 3, the top plate 2 and the plurality of sensors are sequentially and fixedly connected, the top plate 2 is hung on the triaxial apparatus, and then a pressure-bearing medium is injected into the test chamber. When the pressure reaches the initial set value, the data index is fed back by the internal pressure sensor, and the flowing working medium is injected into the circulating chamber after confirmation. Since the external circulation bath module requires a certain start-up time, the test process is started when the reading of the temperature sensor in the circulation chamber reaches the initial speed set value. The structural strength of the soil sample under different conditions is tested by adjusting the thrust of the power rod, the internal environment pressure and the temperature in the process, so that a single test is completed.
Example 3:
the present embodiment is optimized and limited based on the above embodiment 1, wherein, due to the adjustment of the triaxial chamber 13, the circulation chamber partitioned by the second glass 9 has liquid flowing continuously during the test process, although the circulation chamber has a larger contact surface with the inner third glass 10, due to the arrangement manner of nesting layer by layer, the surface area of the outer curved surface is larger, and if the difference between the working medium temperature and the ambient temperature is larger, the energy waste is more.
In this embodiment, a heat insulating layer is added outside the second glass 9, the heat insulating layer is made of a transparent soft material, has at least two layers, is filled with a certain amount of air or carbon dioxide, and is adhered to the top plate 2 and the bottom plate 4 through adhesive without directly contacting the second glass 9. Or can be equipped with the magic subsides on roof 2 and bottom plate 4, set up corresponding magic subsides on the border about the heat preservation simultaneously equally, can rapid Assembly and dismantlement.
The thickness of the insulating layer material filled with the low-heat-conductivity gas is generally larger than the distance between the second glass 9 and the third glass 10, so that a good heat insulation effect is provided. However, compared with the conventional polyurethane material, the polyurethane material does not have good heat insulation performance, but because the stress change state of the internal soil sample needs to be monitored in real time in the test process, the polyurethane material can block the observation sight.
Example 4:
the present embodiment is further optimized and limited based on the above embodiment 1, wherein, unlike embodiment 2, since the adjustment precision of the working medium temperature during the long-time test is higher, the present embodiment optimizes the whole triaxial chamber 13 in order to further reduce the energy consumption and the heat transfer efficiency.
As can be seen in fig. 4, the top plate 2 has three concentric upper caulking grooves 2.3, the bottom plate 4 has three lower caulking grooves 4.2, a third glass 10 is further disposed outside the second glass 9, the distance between the first glass 8 and the second glass 9 is smaller than the distance between the second glass 9 and the third glass 10, and the volume of the annular cavity formed between the second glass 9 and the first glass 8 is smaller than the volume of the circulating chamber. The top plate 2 is also provided with a plurality of annular cavity through holes 2.2, the annular cavity through holes 2.2 are communicated with the annular cavity, similar to other connecting holes arranged on the top plate 2, and are directly drilled along the axial direction of the three-axis chamber 13 and fixedly and hermetically connected through externally inserted connecting pieces.
The annular cavity through hole 2.2 is communicated with an external vacuum stabilizer 18 or a vacuum system through a pipeline, a vacuum state can be kept in the test process (the state is close to complete vacuum, and the airtightness can be influenced due to frequent disassembly of equipment), and working media flowing in the circulating chamber only exchange heat with the internal test chamber, so that the external heat exchange is further reduced.
Example 5:
in this embodiment, the top plate 2 and the bottom plate 4 are both made of metal plates with a certain thickness, and an annular cavity is further provided outside the second glass 9 to avoid large-area heat exchange, but the top part of the second glass also has a certain area of useless heat exchange.
As shown in fig. 1-8, the present invention has a tray on each of the top plate 2 and the bottom plate 4, wherein the top plate 2 is fastened with the upper tray 1, and the bottom plate 4 is fastened with the lower tray structure. The upper tray 1 is a single-layer cover plate structure, and a plurality of annular grooves are arranged on the buckling end surface of the upper tray, so that when the upper tray is buckled on the plane of the top plate 2, the annular grooves form an upper vacuum cavity 1.1. As can be seen from fig. 4, two annular sealing grooves are disposed on two sides of each annular groove, and the sealing grooves can form a sealing cavity when being fastened, so that the tightness of the upper vacuum cavity 1.1 can be improved.
Different from the whole vacuum cavity, because the contact area of each cavity and the top plate 2 is limited, the upper vacuum cavity 1.1 corresponding to each cavity can be more targeted, meanwhile, the vacuum state can be quickly achieved due to the reduction of the volume, and once the problem of air tightness reduction exists, the vacuum stabilizer 18 can be kept in a certain low-pressure state through continuous operation. A plurality of upper vacuum connecting holes 1.2 are also formed in the upper tray 1, and the upper tray can be directly opened on the end face of the outer side due to single-layer arrangement.
The lower tray structure comprises a first lower tray 5 and a second lower tray 6 which are buckled with each other, wherein the first lower tray 5 and the second lower tray 6 are fixedly connected through a plurality of internal bolts, and an integrated lower vacuum chamber 11 is formed between the first lower tray 5 and the second lower tray 6. And the second lower tray 6 is provided with a lower tray connecting hole 12, and the lower tray is fixed in the lower tray connecting hole 12 by penetrating a bolt on the actuating main machine 14. A plurality of lower vacuum connecting holes 5.3 are formed in the first lower tray 5, and as shown in fig. 8, it can be seen that one side of the lower vacuum connecting holes 5.3 is opened on the inner side end surface of the first lower tray 5, and the outer side thereof is opened on the circumferential curved surface of the first lower tray 5. This kind of trompil design can guarantee not additionally setting up under other passageway circumstances, directly externally through the connecting pipe laminating on first tray 5 circumference curved surface, can carry out gas to lower vacuum cavity 11 and take out from.
Because directly set up tray structure on roof 2 and bottom plate 4, and two upper and lower tray structures accessible set up solitary fixing bolt or screw-thread fit, or direct lock, compress tightly it by outside atmospheric pressure after the evacuation again. But the connecting hole openings originally provided on the end surfaces of the top plate 2 and the bottom plate 4 are blocked.
In the embodiment, two arrangement modes are included, one of which is to directly open corresponding channels on the upper tray 1, the first lower tray 5 and the second lower tray 6 and directly pass the pipeline through the channels to correspond to various connecting holes on the top plate 2 or the bottom plate 4, but the arrangement mode can occupy the space of the original upper vacuum chamber 1.1 or the lower vacuum chamber 11. The second way is as shown in the figure, the openings of the circulation chamber upper hole 2.1 and the annular cavity through hole 2.2 on the top plate 2 are arranged on the circumferential curved surface of the top plate 2, and the circulation chamber upper hole 2.1 and the annular cavity channel are separated in an equally spaced way, so that they do not affect each other. And the bottom plate 4 is also provided with an opening of a lower hole 4.1 of the circulating cavity on the circumferential curved surface of the bottom plate 4, and meanwhile, because the bottom plate 4 is provided with a larger opening for avoiding a power rod, the lower liquid guide hole 5.1 is arranged on the first lower tray 5, and the opening connected with the outside is arranged on the circumferential curved surface of the first lower tray 5 like the lower vacuum connecting hole 5.3. And a lower sealing ring 5.2 is also arranged on the first lower tray 5, so that the sealing effect is further improved.
The present invention is not limited to the above-described alternative embodiments, and various other forms of products can be obtained by anyone in light of the present invention. The above detailed description should not be taken as limiting the scope of the invention, which is defined in the claims, and which the description is intended to be interpreted accordingly.
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