Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the existing defects, the invention provides a tobacco material mass flow measurement and control method based on laser scanning.
A method for measuring and controlling the mass flow of tobacco materials based on laser scanning comprises the steps of obtaining real-time height information of the tobacco materials through laser scanning, and obtaining instantaneous volume flow through integration in a time dimension; obtaining instantaneous mass flow by off-line calibrating density fitting graphs of the tobacco materials at different stacking heights; through PID control, the difference value of the instantaneous mass flow and the constant mass flow is used as a pulse signal to control a belt motor to achieve the stability of the mass flow under unit time, and the method comprises the following steps
1. Acquiring tobacco material volume flow information;
2. off-line density fitting of tobacco materials;
3. acquiring tobacco material mass flow information;
4. and controlling the mass flow of the tobacco material.
Wherein, the flow information of the tobacco material is obtained by an equation,
in the formula, VallThe volume of the material in the sampling time period, v is the running speed of the material, T is the sampling time, i is the ith scanning line, alpha is the scanning angle range, alphapTo angular resolution, LiIs the ith scan line length, L'iIs the ith scan line baseline length. Length (taken by the laser sensor in the unloaded condition).
The method comprises the steps of scanning acquisition time T of materials through a laser to obtain current flow state information, and combining the current flow state information with density fitting curves of tobacco materials under different stacking heights to obtain mass flow in sampling time.
Wherein, the tobacco material is subjected to off-line density fitting, the density of the tobacco material at any height is obtained through an equation,
wherein, when the height x is less than a certain value x
mThen, the density is not changed any more, the stable value is m, when the height x is larger than a certain value x
nThen, the density is not changed any more, the stable value is n, and when the height x is larger than x
mLess than x
nWhen the temperature of the water is higher than the set temperature,
the density of the tobacco materials with different heights can be changed under the condition of stacking, so that the density values corresponding to a plurality of different heights are measured under an off-line state, and the density of the tobacco materials with any height is obtained by a least square fitting function method.
Wherein, the mass flow is obtained by the flow information of the tobacco material in the step 1 and the density of the tobacco material in the step 2 through a formula,
wherein M is the mass flow rate in the sampling time in step 1, VallThe volume flow in the sampling time in step 1, i is the number of samples in the sampling time.
And 3, comparing the mass flow rate obtained in the step 3 in unit sampling time with the constant mass flow rate on the belt weigher required by actual production, sending the difference value into a PID (proportion integration differentiation) controller as a pulse, and controlling the rotating speed of a motor by a PLC (programmable logic controller) to change the mass flow rate state of the tobacco material.
The patent provides a method for measuring and controlling the conveying mass flow of tobacco materials on a belt based on laser scanning, wherein the real-time height information of the tobacco materials is obtained through the laser scanning, and the instantaneous volume flow is obtained through integration in a time dimension; obtaining instantaneous mass flow by off-line calibrating density fitting graphs of the tobacco materials at different stacking heights; through PID control, the difference value of the instantaneous mass flow and the constant mass flow is used as a pulse signal to control a belt motor, so that the mass flow under unit time is stable.
Detailed Description
The following describes in detail a method for measuring and controlling the mass flow of tobacco material based on laser scanning according to the present invention with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.
As shown in fig. 1, a method for measuring and controlling the mass flow of a tobacco material based on laser scanning includes obtaining real-time height information of the tobacco material through laser scanning, and obtaining instantaneous volume flow through integration in a time dimension; obtaining instantaneous mass flow by off-line calibrating density fitting graphs of the tobacco materials at different stacking heights; through PID control, the difference value of the instantaneous mass flow and the constant mass flow is used as a pulse signal to control a belt motor to achieve the stability of the mass flow under unit time, and the method comprises the following steps
1. Acquiring tobacco material volume flow information;
2. off-line density fitting of tobacco materials;
3. acquiring tobacco material mass flow information;
4. and controlling the mass flow of the tobacco material.
Obtaining the flow information of the tobacco material through an equation,
in the formula, VallThe volume of the material in the sampling time period, v is the running speed of the material, T is the sampling time, i is the ith scanning line, alpha is the scanning angle range, alphapTo angular resolution, LiIs the ith scan line length, L'iIs the ith scan line baseline length.
Off-line density fitting of the tobacco material, obtaining the density of the tobacco material at any height through an equation,
wherein, when the height x is less than a certain value x
mThen, the density is not changed any more, the stable value is m, when the height x is larger than a certain value x
nThen, the density is not changed any more, the stable value is n, and when the height x is larger than x
mLess than x
nWhen the temperature of the water is higher than the set temperature,
obtaining the mass flow through the tobacco material flow information in the step 1 and the tobacco material density in the step 2 by a formula,
wherein M is the mass flow rate in the sampling time in step 1, VallThe volume flow in the sampling time in step 1, i is the number of samples in the sampling time.
Comparing the mass flow rate of the tobacco material in unit sampling time obtained in the step 3 with the constant mass flow rate of the belt weigher required by actual production, sending the difference value into a PID (proportion integration differentiation) controller as a pulse, and controlling the rotating speed of a motor through a PLC (programmable logic controller) to change the mass flow rate state of the tobacco material
Fig. 2 shows that a measuring and controlling device for tobacco material mass flow based on laser scanning comprises a linear laser scanner 2, a motor frequency converter 7, an information acquisition card 6, a programmable controller, an information processing computer 5 and a variable frequency motor. The linear laser scanner is used for collecting profile information (namely height information) of the material 1; the motor frequency converter 7 is used for controlling the stepping motor and simultaneously sending the information of the instantaneous motor rotating speed into the information acquisition card 6; the information acquisition card 6 is used for acquiring speed signals and height signals of the laser scanner and sending original information into the information processing computer 5 for subsequent processing; the information processing computer 5 is used for carrying out data processing on the acquired information to obtain the surface profile and the instantaneous mass flow of the tobacco material and sending a signal to the programmable controller; the programmable controller obtains the mass flow signal of the computer, and sends different pulse signals to the motor frequency converter 7 through the programmable controller so as to control the rotating speed of the motor, thereby controlling the rotating speed of the belt to ensure stable blanking.
In one embodiment, the length of the conveyor belt 4 is selected to be about 20m, the width is selected to be 0.9m, and the height is selected to be 0.4 m. The frequency of the variable frequency motor is set to 10Hz, and the conveying speed of the measuring belt is about 0.6 m/s. The linear laser scanner 2 was placed approximately 1.2m above the very center of the conveyor belt with a frequency set at 25Hz, a scan angle of 70-110 ° and an angular resolution of 0.25 °. The user can adjust to reasonable value according to the equipment parameter.
1. Obtaining tobacco material volume flow information
During the steady state movement of the conveyor belt, the formula
The total volume in the sampling time is obtained, and the volume flow rate per sampling time can be obtained.
2. Off-line density fitting of tobacco material
As shown in FIG. 3, the density of tobacco material at different height levels is determined off-line and calculated according to the formula
Obtaining a density fitting curve:
unit is kg/m
3。
3. Obtaining tobacco material mass flow information
According to the formula
Substituting different sampling height values into the function obtained by fitting in the
step 2, solving the density of the tobacco material at different positions, and solving the average value to obtain the mass flow rate in unit sampling time.
4. Controlling tobacco material mass flow
After the mass flow is obtained, the mass flow is compared with the constant mass flow required by actual production, namely, on the belt weigher, the difference value is sent to the PID controller as a pulse, and the mass flow state of the tobacco material is changed by controlling the rotating speed of the motor through the PLC.
As shown in the flow chart of fig. 1, the programmable controller is encoded to teach the PID to a reasonable parameter.
Finally, it should be noted that the above examples are only intended to describe the technical solutions of the present invention and not to limit the technical methods, the present invention can be extended in application to other modifications, variations, applications and embodiments, and therefore all such modifications, variations, applications, embodiments are considered to be within the spirit and teaching scope of the present invention.