CN113236189A - Efficient lossless heat-taking geothermal exploitation system and method - Google Patents

Efficient lossless heat-taking geothermal exploitation system and method Download PDF

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CN113236189A
CN113236189A CN202110556883.4A CN202110556883A CN113236189A CN 113236189 A CN113236189 A CN 113236189A CN 202110556883 A CN202110556883 A CN 202110556883A CN 113236189 A CN113236189 A CN 113236189A
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well
recharge
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CN113236189B (en
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宋刚
崔淑英
牛庆磊
刘春生
陈晓林
胡汉月
田英英
侯岳
何楠
陈剑垚
刘聃
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Institute of Exploration Technology Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences
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    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21BEARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B43/00Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24TGEOTHERMAL COLLECTORS; GEOTHERMAL SYSTEMS
    • F24T10/00Geothermal collectors
    • F24T10/20Geothermal collectors using underground water as working fluid; using working fluid injected directly into the ground, e.g. using injection wells and recovery wells
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21BEARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B43/00Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
    • E21B43/12Methods or apparatus for controlling the flow of the obtained fluid to or in wells
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21BEARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B43/00Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
    • E21B43/30Specific pattern of wells, e.g. optimising the spacing of wells
    • E21B43/305Specific pattern of wells, e.g. optimising the spacing of wells comprising at least one inclined or horizontal well
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/10Geothermal energy

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Abstract

本发明公开一种高效无损取热地热开采系统与方法,涉及地热开采技术领域,包括开采井、回灌井和水平井;水平井位于含水地热储层内;水平井的两端分别与开采井和回灌井的底部连通;开采井和回灌井的顶部之间设置有换热机构。本发明采用U型井的模式,将灌采井直接连通,根据储层裂隙发育实际情况,对通道进行开闭控制,无论裂隙发育好坏均不影响回灌水的回灌,且为防止主灌采通道周边的区域温度降低过多,还可在主灌采通道周边钻若干水平分支井,增加灌采面积,防止局部温度下降过快,通过内置于水平分支井的节流装置,可对每支水平分支井进行单独控制,进行分区域连通,间隔一段时间进行连通区域和关闭区域的对换,以使地层温度进行恢复。

Figure 202110556883

The invention discloses a high-efficiency and non-destructive geothermal exploitation system and method, and relates to the technical field of geothermal exploitation, comprising a exploitation well, a recharge well and a horizontal well; the horizontal well is located in a water-bearing geothermal reservoir; It is communicated with the bottom of the recharge well; a heat exchange mechanism is arranged between the top of the exploitation well and the recharge well. The present invention adopts the mode of U-shaped well, which directly connects the irrigation and production wells, and controls the opening and closing of the channel according to the actual situation of the development of reservoir fissures. The temperature of the area around the production channel has dropped too much, and several horizontal branch wells can be drilled around the main irrigation and production channel to increase the irrigation and production area and prevent the local temperature from dropping too quickly. The horizontal and branched wells are individually controlled and connected in different areas, and the connected area and the closed area are exchanged at intervals to restore the formation temperature.

Figure 202110556883

Description

Efficient lossless heat-taking geothermal exploitation system and method
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of geothermal exploitation, in particular to a high-efficiency nondestructive geothermal exploitation system and method.
Background
Geothermal energy is a renewable clean resource and has a wide distribution range in China, and particularly, hydrothermal geothermal energy is widely applied. The hydrothermal geothermal energy is mainly used in the fields of power generation, heating, medical bath and the like, the main exploitation technologies are a high-temperature dry (wet) steam power generation technology, a heat pump technology and a cascade utilization technology, and the technologies adopt a geothermal irrigation exploitation combined technology in order to solve the problems of geothermal wastewater treatment, improve or recover the heat production capacity of thermal storage, maintain the fluid pressure of the thermal storage and prevent the ground settlement caused by the reduction of the pressure of the thermal storage. The difficulty of the combination of the injection and the production is effective recharge, the communication between a recharge well and a production well completely depends on the cracks of a reservoir, and the farther the distance from the recharge well to the production well, the worse the communication of the cracks, so that the recharge can not reach 100 percent, and the reduction of the heat storage pressure and the ground settlement are inevitably caused.
Disclosure of Invention
Based on the problems of difficult recharging and even incapability of recharging existing in the prior art, the invention provides a high-efficiency lossless heat-extraction geothermal exploitation method and system, and geothermal exploitation combining irrigation and exploitation can be effectively achieved.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following scheme:
the invention provides a high-efficiency nondestructive heat-taking geothermal exploitation system, which comprises an exploitation well, a recharge well and a horizontal well; the horizontal well is positioned in the water-containing geothermal reservoir; two ends of the horizontal well are respectively communicated with the bottoms of the exploitation well and the recharge well; and a heat exchange mechanism is arranged between the top parts of the production well and the recharge well.
Optionally, a throttling device is arranged in the middle of the horizontal well.
Optionally, the horizontal well comprises a plurality of horizontal branch wells.
Optionally, each horizontal branch well is provided with a throttling device.
Optionally, the horizontal well is in communication with a formation fracture.
Optionally, a lifting pump is arranged in the vertical mining section, and an outlet end of the lifting pump is communicated with an inlet end of the heat exchange mechanism.
Optionally, a filtering device is arranged between the lifting pump and the heat exchange mechanism. A method for high-efficiency nondestructive heat-taking geothermal exploitation is characterized in that a water path in a water-containing geothermal storage layer is controlled in a circulating mode as follows:
a single main injection and production mode;
(1) closing the throttling device and circulating the crack;
for the condition that the fracture of the water-containing geothermal reservoir develops well, the throttling device is closed, the recharge water flows into the peripheral water-containing geothermal reservoir through the fracture after entering the horizontal well, and the hot water extracted by the exploitation well also comes from the fracture communicated with the horizontal well;
(2) the throttling device is started, and the main channel circulates;
for the condition that the fracture of the water-containing geothermal reservoir is not good in development, the throttling device is opened to enable the horizontal well to be communicated, the opening size of the throttling device is judged according to the water level change of the recharging well and the pressure difference between the recharging well and the exploitation well, if the water level of the recharging well rises, the recharging is proved to have resistance, and the water level stops changing after rising for a certain distance, so that the recharging well can still recharge smoothly although some recharging resistance is increased; if the water level of the recharge well continuously rises, the pressure difference is increased, which indicates that the cracks are seriously blocked, and at the moment, the opening degree of the throttling device needs to be increased, so that the flow area of the horizontal well is increased;
a main injection and production well + horizontal branch well mode;
(1) the horizontal branch well channels are all closed;
for a reservoir with a good water-containing geothermal reservoir fracture development, a throttling device is completely closed, the water level of a recharge well in the production and recharge process and the pressure difference between the production well and the recharge well are monitored, the scheme is adopted if the water level is not changed or the rising amount is little and the pressure difference is small;
(2) the horizontal branch well channel is partially opened;
when the pressure difference between the exploitation well and the recharge well is increased or the water level of the recharge well rises more, the recharge crack is proved to be blocked, at the moment, a throttling device in a part of horizontal branch wells is opened, and the opening degree is adjusted according to the water level change and the pressure difference change of the recharge well; in order to ensure that the extraction water temperature is basically constant, the horizontal branch well is opened in different areas and is replaced after a certain time, so that the extraction stratum has enough time for temperature recovery;
(3) all the horizontal branch well channels are opened;
and when the recharging speed of the partially opened horizontal branch well channel is reduced, all the channels of the horizontal branch well are opened to meet the requirement of smoothness of all the recharging and extracting channels.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following technical effects:
the invention adopts a U-shaped well mode to directly communicate the injection and production wells, controls the opening and closing of the channel according to the actual development condition of reservoir fractures, does not influence the recharge of recharge water no matter whether the fractures are well developed or not, can drill a plurality of horizontal branch wells at the periphery of the main injection and production channel in order to prevent the temperature of the area at the periphery of the main injection and production channel from being reduced too much, increases the injection and production area, prevents the local temperature from being reduced too fast, can independently control each horizontal branch well through a throttling device arranged in the horizontal branch well, communicates by areas, and exchanges the communicated area and the closed area at intervals so as to recover the temperature of the stratum.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings needed in the embodiments will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art to obtain other drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of an efficient non-destructive geothermal heat extraction system according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a U-shaped well structure of an efficient non-destructive heat extraction geothermal exploitation system according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of another U-shaped well configuration of an efficient non-destructive geothermal recovery system of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a horizontal branch of an efficient non-destructive geothermal heat extraction system according to the present invention.
Description of reference numerals: 1. a production well is produced; 1-1, mining a vertical section; 1-2, mining a horizontal section; 2. recharging the well; 2-1, recharging the vertical section; 2-2 recharging the horizontal section; 3. a horizontal multilateral well; 4. a throttling device; 5. a monitoring device; 6. a lift pump; 7. a heat exchanger; 8. a heat pump; 9. a filtration device; 10. a sleeve; 11. a heat preservation and insulation pipe.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
The first embodiment is as follows:
as shown in fig. 1, the present embodiment provides an efficient and nondestructive geothermal heat extraction system, which includes an extraction well 1, a recharge well 2 and a horizontal well; the horizontal well is positioned in the water-containing geothermal reservoir; two ends of the horizontal well are respectively communicated with the bottoms of the exploitation well 1 and the recharge well 2; and a heat exchange mechanism is arranged between the tops of the production well 1 and the recharge well 2.
In the specific embodiment, the middle part of the horizontal well is provided with a throttling device 4, the throttling device 4 is a throttling valve, the throttling valve is electrically connected with a monitoring device 5, a pressure sensor is arranged in the throttling valve, and the pressure of one side of the production well 1 and the pressure of one side of the recharge well 2 are monitored through the pressure sensor; the monitoring device 5 is arranged on the ground, the pressure of the production well 1 and the pressure of the recharge well 2 can be known through the monitoring device 5, and the opening degree and the closing degree of the throttle valve are controlled. The horizontal well is a naked hole and is communicated with the stratum fracture. The vertical mining section 1-1 is internally provided with a lifting pump 6, the outlet end of the lifting pump 6 is provided with a filtering device 9, and the filtering device is communicated with the inlet end of the heat exchange mechanism.
Furthermore, the lifting pump 6 is placed in the water-containing geothermal reservoir, the water pumping pipeline adopts a heat-insulating pipe 11, and the pipeline between the lifting pump 6 and the filtering device 9 is the heat-insulating pipe, so that the temperature of the pumped hot water can be prevented from being reduced too fast. The wall of the well above the aquiferous geothermal reservoir is lined by casing 10.
Example two:
as shown in fig. 2, in order to prevent the temperature of the periphery of the bare hole section of a single horizontal well from decreasing too much, the area of irrigation and production needs to be increased, and the flow distance and time of the reinjection water in the reservoir are increased to ensure that the temperature of the extraction water is basically constant. The horizontal well is arranged into a plurality of horizontal branch wells 3, and each horizontal branch well 3 is communicated with the cracks around the horizontal branch well, so that a mutually communicated net-shaped structure can be formed, and the exploitation area and the recharge area of the geothermal reservoir are increased. And a throttling device 4 is arranged in each horizontal branch well 3, and opening degree adjustment and opening and closing control are selectively performed on the throttling device 4 through the change of the extraction water temperature and the injection well pressure difference displayed by the monitoring device.
Example three:
the embodiment discloses a method for a high-efficiency lossless heat-extraction geothermal exploitation system based on the first embodiment, and the water path circulation control in a water-containing geothermal storage layer is as follows:
a single main injection and production mode;
(1) the throttling device 4 is closed, and the fracture circulates;
for the condition that the fracture of the water-containing geothermal reservoir develops well, the throttling device 4 is closed, the reinjection water flows into the peripheral water-containing geothermal reservoir through the fracture after entering the horizontal well, and the hot water extracted by the exploitation well 1 also comes from the fracture communicated with the horizontal well;
(2) the throttling device 4 is opened, and the main channel circulates;
for the condition that the fracture of the water-containing geothermal reservoir is not good in development, the throttling device 4 is opened to enable the horizontal well to be communicated, the opening size of the throttling device 4 is judged according to the water level change of the recharge well 2 and the pressure difference between the recharge well 2 and the exploitation well 1, if the water level of the recharge well 2 rises, the recharge is proved to have resistance, and the water level stops changing after rising for a certain distance, so that the recharge well 2 can still recharge smoothly although some recharge resistance is increased; if the water level of the recharge well 2 continuously rises and the pressure difference is increased, the crack is seriously blocked, and at the moment, the opening degree of the throttling device 4 needs to be increased, so that the flow area of the horizontal well is increased.
Example four:
the embodiment discloses a method for a high-efficiency lossless heat-extraction geothermal exploitation system based on the second embodiment, which comprises a main irrigation exploitation well and horizontal branch well 3 mode;
(1) the channels of the horizontal branch well 3 are all closed;
for a reservoir with a good water-containing geothermal reservoir fracture, the throttling devices 4 are completely closed, the water level of the recharge well 2 and the pressure difference between the production well 1 and the recharge well 2 in the production and irrigation process are monitored, the scheme is adopted if the water level is not changed or the rising amount is little and the pressure difference is small;
(2) the channel of the horizontal branch well 3 is partially opened;
when the pressure difference between the two wells of the exploitation well 1 and the recharge well 2 is increased or the water level of the recharge well 2 rises more, the recharge crack is proved to be blocked, at the moment, the throttling devices 4 in the partial horizontal branch wells 3 are opened, and the opening degree is adjusted according to the water level change and the pressure difference change of the recharge well 2; in order to ensure that the extraction water temperature is basically constant, the horizontal branch well 3 is opened in different areas and is replaced after a certain time, so that the extraction stratum has enough time for temperature recovery;
(3) all channels of the horizontal branch well 3 are opened;
when the recharging speed of the partially opened channels of the horizontal branch well 3 is reduced, all the channels of the horizontal branch well 3 are opened to meet the requirement of all smooth recharging and extracting channels.
Example five:
as shown in fig. 3, in this embodiment, the production well 1 and the recharge well 2 are both horizontal wells, and the butt joint portion is a horizontal section of the two wells.
Example six:
as shown in fig. 4, in the present embodiment, one of the production well 1 and the recharge well 2 is a vertical well, the other is a horizontal well, and the butt joint portion is the joint of the horizontal section and the vertical section.
It will be evident to those skilled in the art that the invention is not limited to the details of the foregoing illustrative embodiments, and that the present invention may be embodied in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential attributes thereof. The present embodiments are therefore to be considered in all respects as illustrative and not restrictive, the scope of the invention being indicated by the appended claims rather than by the foregoing description, and all changes which come within the meaning and range of equivalency of the claims are therefore intended to be embraced therein, and any reference signs in the claims are not intended to be construed as limiting the claim concerned.
The principle and the implementation mode of the present invention are explained by applying specific examples in the present specification, and the above descriptions of the examples are only used to help understanding the method and the core idea of the present invention; meanwhile, for a person skilled in the art, according to the idea of the present invention, the specific embodiments and the application range may be changed. In view of the above, the present disclosure should not be construed as limiting the invention.

Claims (8)

1.一种高效无损取热地热开采系统,其特征在于,包括开采井、回灌井和水平井;所述水平井位于含水地热储层内;所述水平井的两端分别与所述开采井和所述回灌井的底部连通;所述开采井和所述回灌井的顶部之间设置有换热机构。1. a high-efficiency and lossless heat-receiving geothermal exploitation system, is characterized in that, comprises exploitation well, recharge well and horizontal well; Described horizontal well is located in water-bearing geothermal reservoir; The well is communicated with the bottom of the recharge well; a heat exchange mechanism is arranged between the exploitation well and the top of the recharge well. 2.根据权利要求1所述的高效无损取热地热开采系统,其特征在于,所述水平井中部设置有节流装置。2 . The high-efficiency and non-destructive heat extraction geothermal exploitation system according to claim 1 , wherein a choke device is provided in the middle of the horizontal well. 3 . 3.根据权利要求1所述的高效无损取热地热开采系统,其特征在于,所述水平井包括多个水平分支井。3 . The high-efficiency nondestructive heat extraction geothermal exploitation system according to claim 1 , wherein the horizontal well comprises a plurality of horizontal lateral wells. 4 . 4.根据权利要求3所述的高效无损取热地热开采系统,其特征在于,每个所述水平分支井上均设置有一节流装置。4 . The high-efficiency and non-destructive heat extraction geothermal exploitation system according to claim 3 , wherein each horizontal branch well is provided with a choke device. 5 . 5.根据权利要求1所述的高效无损取热地热开采系统,其特征在于,所述水平井与地层裂隙连通。5 . The high-efficiency and non-destructive heat extraction geothermal exploitation system according to claim 1 , wherein the horizontal well is communicated with formation fractures. 6 . 6.根据权利要求1所述的高效无损取热地热开采系统,其特征在于,所述开采垂直段内设置有举升泵,所述举升泵的出口端与所述换热机构的进口端相连通。6 . The high-efficiency and non-destructive heat extraction geothermal mining system according to claim 1 , wherein a lift pump is provided in the vertical mining section, and the outlet end of the lift pump is connected to the inlet end of the heat exchange mechanism. 7 . connected. 7.根据权利要求6所述的高效无损取热地热开采系统,其特征在于,所述举升泵与所述换热机构之间设置有过滤装置。7 . The high-efficiency and non-destructive heat extraction geothermal exploitation system according to claim 6 , wherein a filter device is provided between the lift pump and the heat exchange mechanism. 8 . 8.一种高效无损取热地热开采的方法,其特征在于,位于含水地热储层内的水路循环控制如下:8. A method for high-efficiency and non-destructive heat extraction geothermal exploitation, characterized in that, the water circuit circulation control in the water-bearing geothermal reservoir is as follows: 单一主灌采井模式;Single main irrigation and production well mode; (1)节流装置关闭,裂隙循环;(1) The throttling device is closed, and the fissure circulates; 对于含水地热储层裂隙发育良好的情况,将节流装置关闭,使回灌水进入水平井后将通过裂隙流入周边含水地热储层内,开采井抽取的热水同样来自与水平井连通的裂隙;For well-developed fractures in the water-bearing geothermal reservoir, the throttling device is closed, so that the recharged water will flow into the surrounding water-bearing geothermal reservoir through the fractures after entering the horizontal well. (2)节流装置开启,主通道循环;(2) The throttling device is opened, and the main channel circulates; 对于含水地热储层裂隙发育不好的情况,将节流装置开启,使水平井连通,根据回灌井的水位变化及与开采井的压差大小判断节流装置的开启大小,若回灌井的水位上涨,证明回灌出现阻力,上涨一定距离后水位停止变化,说明回灌井虽然增大了一些回灌阻力,但仍能够顺利回灌;若回灌井的水位持续上涨,压力差增大,说明裂隙堵塞严重,此时需要加大节流装置开启度,增大水平井的过流面积;For the case where the fractures of the water-bearing geothermal reservoir are not well developed, the throttling device is opened to connect the horizontal well, and the opening size of the throttling device is judged according to the water level change of the recharge well and the pressure difference with the production well. If the water level of the recharge well rises, it proves that there is resistance to the recharge, and the water level stops changing after a certain distance rise, indicating that the recharge well can still recharge smoothly although the recharge resistance has increased; if the water level of the recharge well continues to rise, the pressure difference will increase. If it is large, it means that the fissure is seriously blocked. At this time, it is necessary to increase the opening degree of the throttling device to increase the flow area of the horizontal well; 主灌采井+水平分支井模式;Main irrigation and production well + horizontal lateral well mode; (1)水平分支井通道全部关闭;(1) All channels of horizontal branch wells are closed; 对于含水地热储层裂隙发育好的储层,全部关闭的节流装置,监测采灌过程回灌井的水位以及开采井和回灌井两井的压力差,水位不发生变化或上涨量很少,压力差较小,则采用此种方案;For reservoirs with well-developed water-bearing geothermal reservoirs, all throttling devices are closed to monitor the water level of the recharge well and the pressure difference between the production well and the recharge well during the production and irrigation process. The water level does not change or rises very little. , the pressure difference is small, this scheme is adopted; (2)水平分支井通道部分开启;(2) The channel of the horizontal branch well is partially opened; 当发现开采井和回灌井两井的压力差增大或回灌井水位上升较多时,证明回灌裂隙发生堵塞,此时开启部分水平分支井内节流装置,开启度根据回灌井水位变化和压差变化进行调节;为保证抽采水温基本恒定,水平分支井分区域开启,一定时间后进行更换,使抽采地层有足够的时间进行温度恢复;When it is found that the pressure difference between the production well and the recharge well increases or the water level of the recharge well rises a lot, it proves that the recharge fissure is blocked. At this time, the throttling device in some horizontal branch wells is opened, and the opening degree changes according to the water level of the recharge well. and the pressure difference change; in order to ensure that the temperature of the pumped water is basically constant, the horizontal branch wells are opened in different areas, and replaced after a certain period of time, so that the pumped formation has enough time for temperature recovery; (3)水平分支井通道全部开启;(3) All channels of horizontal branch wells are opened; 当部分开启的水平分支井通道回灌速度下降后,将水平分支井的全部通道打开,满足灌采通道的全部畅通。When the recharge rate of the partially opened horizontal branch well channels decreases, all channels of the horizontal branch wells are opened to satisfy all the irrigation and production channels unobstructed.
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