Efficient lossless heat-taking geothermal exploitation system and method
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of geothermal exploitation, in particular to a high-efficiency nondestructive geothermal exploitation system and method.
Background
Geothermal energy is a renewable clean resource and has a wide distribution range in China, and particularly, hydrothermal geothermal energy is widely applied. The hydrothermal geothermal energy is mainly used in the fields of power generation, heating, medical bath and the like, the main exploitation technologies are a high-temperature dry (wet) steam power generation technology, a heat pump technology and a cascade utilization technology, and the technologies adopt a geothermal irrigation exploitation combined technology in order to solve the problems of geothermal wastewater treatment, improve or recover the heat production capacity of thermal storage, maintain the fluid pressure of the thermal storage and prevent the ground settlement caused by the reduction of the pressure of the thermal storage. The difficulty of the combination of the injection and the production is effective recharge, the communication between a recharge well and a production well completely depends on the cracks of a reservoir, and the farther the distance from the recharge well to the production well, the worse the communication of the cracks, so that the recharge can not reach 100 percent, and the reduction of the heat storage pressure and the ground settlement are inevitably caused.
Disclosure of Invention
Based on the problems of difficult recharging and even incapability of recharging existing in the prior art, the invention provides a high-efficiency lossless heat-extraction geothermal exploitation method and system, and geothermal exploitation combining irrigation and exploitation can be effectively achieved.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following scheme:
the invention provides a high-efficiency nondestructive heat-taking geothermal exploitation system, which comprises an exploitation well, a recharge well and a horizontal well; the horizontal well is positioned in the water-containing geothermal reservoir; two ends of the horizontal well are respectively communicated with the bottoms of the exploitation well and the recharge well; and a heat exchange mechanism is arranged between the top parts of the production well and the recharge well.
Optionally, a throttling device is arranged in the middle of the horizontal well.
Optionally, the horizontal well comprises a plurality of horizontal branch wells.
Optionally, each horizontal branch well is provided with a throttling device.
Optionally, the horizontal well is in communication with a formation fracture.
Optionally, a lifting pump is arranged in the vertical mining section, and an outlet end of the lifting pump is communicated with an inlet end of the heat exchange mechanism.
Optionally, a filtering device is arranged between the lifting pump and the heat exchange mechanism. A method for high-efficiency nondestructive heat-taking geothermal exploitation is characterized in that a water path in a water-containing geothermal storage layer is controlled in a circulating mode as follows:
a single main injection and production mode;
(1) closing the throttling device and circulating the crack;
for the condition that the fracture of the water-containing geothermal reservoir develops well, the throttling device is closed, the recharge water flows into the peripheral water-containing geothermal reservoir through the fracture after entering the horizontal well, and the hot water extracted by the exploitation well also comes from the fracture communicated with the horizontal well;
(2) the throttling device is started, and the main channel circulates;
for the condition that the fracture of the water-containing geothermal reservoir is not good in development, the throttling device is opened to enable the horizontal well to be communicated, the opening size of the throttling device is judged according to the water level change of the recharging well and the pressure difference between the recharging well and the exploitation well, if the water level of the recharging well rises, the recharging is proved to have resistance, and the water level stops changing after rising for a certain distance, so that the recharging well can still recharge smoothly although some recharging resistance is increased; if the water level of the recharge well continuously rises, the pressure difference is increased, which indicates that the cracks are seriously blocked, and at the moment, the opening degree of the throttling device needs to be increased, so that the flow area of the horizontal well is increased;
a main injection and production well + horizontal branch well mode;
(1) the horizontal branch well channels are all closed;
for a reservoir with a good water-containing geothermal reservoir fracture development, a throttling device is completely closed, the water level of a recharge well in the production and recharge process and the pressure difference between the production well and the recharge well are monitored, the scheme is adopted if the water level is not changed or the rising amount is little and the pressure difference is small;
(2) the horizontal branch well channel is partially opened;
when the pressure difference between the exploitation well and the recharge well is increased or the water level of the recharge well rises more, the recharge crack is proved to be blocked, at the moment, a throttling device in a part of horizontal branch wells is opened, and the opening degree is adjusted according to the water level change and the pressure difference change of the recharge well; in order to ensure that the extraction water temperature is basically constant, the horizontal branch well is opened in different areas and is replaced after a certain time, so that the extraction stratum has enough time for temperature recovery;
(3) all the horizontal branch well channels are opened;
and when the recharging speed of the partially opened horizontal branch well channel is reduced, all the channels of the horizontal branch well are opened to meet the requirement of smoothness of all the recharging and extracting channels.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following technical effects:
the invention adopts a U-shaped well mode to directly communicate the injection and production wells, controls the opening and closing of the channel according to the actual development condition of reservoir fractures, does not influence the recharge of recharge water no matter whether the fractures are well developed or not, can drill a plurality of horizontal branch wells at the periphery of the main injection and production channel in order to prevent the temperature of the area at the periphery of the main injection and production channel from being reduced too much, increases the injection and production area, prevents the local temperature from being reduced too fast, can independently control each horizontal branch well through a throttling device arranged in the horizontal branch well, communicates by areas, and exchanges the communicated area and the closed area at intervals so as to recover the temperature of the stratum.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings needed in the embodiments will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art to obtain other drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of an efficient non-destructive geothermal heat extraction system according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a U-shaped well structure of an efficient non-destructive heat extraction geothermal exploitation system according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of another U-shaped well configuration of an efficient non-destructive geothermal recovery system of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a horizontal branch of an efficient non-destructive geothermal heat extraction system according to the present invention.
Description of reference numerals: 1. a production well is produced; 1-1, mining a vertical section; 1-2, mining a horizontal section; 2. recharging the well; 2-1, recharging the vertical section; 2-2 recharging the horizontal section; 3. a horizontal multilateral well; 4. a throttling device; 5. a monitoring device; 6. a lift pump; 7. a heat exchanger; 8. a heat pump; 9. a filtration device; 10. a sleeve; 11. a heat preservation and insulation pipe.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
The first embodiment is as follows:
as shown in fig. 1, the present embodiment provides an efficient and nondestructive geothermal heat extraction system, which includes an extraction well 1, a recharge well 2 and a horizontal well; the horizontal well is positioned in the water-containing geothermal reservoir; two ends of the horizontal well are respectively communicated with the bottoms of the exploitation well 1 and the recharge well 2; and a heat exchange mechanism is arranged between the tops of the production well 1 and the recharge well 2.
In the specific embodiment, the middle part of the horizontal well is provided with a throttling device 4, the throttling device 4 is a throttling valve, the throttling valve is electrically connected with a monitoring device 5, a pressure sensor is arranged in the throttling valve, and the pressure of one side of the production well 1 and the pressure of one side of the recharge well 2 are monitored through the pressure sensor; the monitoring device 5 is arranged on the ground, the pressure of the production well 1 and the pressure of the recharge well 2 can be known through the monitoring device 5, and the opening degree and the closing degree of the throttle valve are controlled. The horizontal well is a naked hole and is communicated with the stratum fracture. The vertical mining section 1-1 is internally provided with a lifting pump 6, the outlet end of the lifting pump 6 is provided with a filtering device 9, and the filtering device is communicated with the inlet end of the heat exchange mechanism.
Furthermore, the lifting pump 6 is placed in the water-containing geothermal reservoir, the water pumping pipeline adopts a heat-insulating pipe 11, and the pipeline between the lifting pump 6 and the filtering device 9 is the heat-insulating pipe, so that the temperature of the pumped hot water can be prevented from being reduced too fast. The wall of the well above the aquiferous geothermal reservoir is lined by casing 10.
Example two:
as shown in fig. 2, in order to prevent the temperature of the periphery of the bare hole section of a single horizontal well from decreasing too much, the area of irrigation and production needs to be increased, and the flow distance and time of the reinjection water in the reservoir are increased to ensure that the temperature of the extraction water is basically constant. The horizontal well is arranged into a plurality of horizontal branch wells 3, and each horizontal branch well 3 is communicated with the cracks around the horizontal branch well, so that a mutually communicated net-shaped structure can be formed, and the exploitation area and the recharge area of the geothermal reservoir are increased. And a throttling device 4 is arranged in each horizontal branch well 3, and opening degree adjustment and opening and closing control are selectively performed on the throttling device 4 through the change of the extraction water temperature and the injection well pressure difference displayed by the monitoring device.
Example three:
the embodiment discloses a method for a high-efficiency lossless heat-extraction geothermal exploitation system based on the first embodiment, and the water path circulation control in a water-containing geothermal storage layer is as follows:
a single main injection and production mode;
(1) the throttling device 4 is closed, and the fracture circulates;
for the condition that the fracture of the water-containing geothermal reservoir develops well, the throttling device 4 is closed, the reinjection water flows into the peripheral water-containing geothermal reservoir through the fracture after entering the horizontal well, and the hot water extracted by the exploitation well 1 also comes from the fracture communicated with the horizontal well;
(2) the throttling device 4 is opened, and the main channel circulates;
for the condition that the fracture of the water-containing geothermal reservoir is not good in development, the throttling device 4 is opened to enable the horizontal well to be communicated, the opening size of the throttling device 4 is judged according to the water level change of the recharge well 2 and the pressure difference between the recharge well 2 and the exploitation well 1, if the water level of the recharge well 2 rises, the recharge is proved to have resistance, and the water level stops changing after rising for a certain distance, so that the recharge well 2 can still recharge smoothly although some recharge resistance is increased; if the water level of the recharge well 2 continuously rises and the pressure difference is increased, the crack is seriously blocked, and at the moment, the opening degree of the throttling device 4 needs to be increased, so that the flow area of the horizontal well is increased.
Example four:
the embodiment discloses a method for a high-efficiency lossless heat-extraction geothermal exploitation system based on the second embodiment, which comprises a main irrigation exploitation well and horizontal branch well 3 mode;
(1) the channels of the horizontal branch well 3 are all closed;
for a reservoir with a good water-containing geothermal reservoir fracture, the throttling devices 4 are completely closed, the water level of the recharge well 2 and the pressure difference between the production well 1 and the recharge well 2 in the production and irrigation process are monitored, the scheme is adopted if the water level is not changed or the rising amount is little and the pressure difference is small;
(2) the channel of the horizontal branch well 3 is partially opened;
when the pressure difference between the two wells of the exploitation well 1 and the recharge well 2 is increased or the water level of the recharge well 2 rises more, the recharge crack is proved to be blocked, at the moment, the throttling devices 4 in the partial horizontal branch wells 3 are opened, and the opening degree is adjusted according to the water level change and the pressure difference change of the recharge well 2; in order to ensure that the extraction water temperature is basically constant, the horizontal branch well 3 is opened in different areas and is replaced after a certain time, so that the extraction stratum has enough time for temperature recovery;
(3) all channels of the horizontal branch well 3 are opened;
when the recharging speed of the partially opened channels of the horizontal branch well 3 is reduced, all the channels of the horizontal branch well 3 are opened to meet the requirement of all smooth recharging and extracting channels.
Example five:
as shown in fig. 3, in this embodiment, the production well 1 and the recharge well 2 are both horizontal wells, and the butt joint portion is a horizontal section of the two wells.
Example six:
as shown in fig. 4, in the present embodiment, one of the production well 1 and the recharge well 2 is a vertical well, the other is a horizontal well, and the butt joint portion is the joint of the horizontal section and the vertical section.
It will be evident to those skilled in the art that the invention is not limited to the details of the foregoing illustrative embodiments, and that the present invention may be embodied in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential attributes thereof. The present embodiments are therefore to be considered in all respects as illustrative and not restrictive, the scope of the invention being indicated by the appended claims rather than by the foregoing description, and all changes which come within the meaning and range of equivalency of the claims are therefore intended to be embraced therein, and any reference signs in the claims are not intended to be construed as limiting the claim concerned.
The principle and the implementation mode of the present invention are explained by applying specific examples in the present specification, and the above descriptions of the examples are only used to help understanding the method and the core idea of the present invention; meanwhile, for a person skilled in the art, according to the idea of the present invention, the specific embodiments and the application range may be changed. In view of the above, the present disclosure should not be construed as limiting the invention.