CN113607092B - Method and system for measuring small angle of light - Google Patents
Method and system for measuring small angle of light Download PDFInfo
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B11/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques
- G01B11/26—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring angles or tapers; for testing the alignment of axes
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- G01C—MEASURING DISTANCES, LEVELS OR BEARINGS; SURVEYING; NAVIGATION; GYROSCOPIC INSTRUMENTS; PHOTOGRAMMETRY OR VIDEOGRAMMETRY
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种光线小角度测量方法及系统，至少包括望远系统、锥透镜、图像采集系统、图像处理系统等。小角度的入射光线经过望远系统后得到更大角度的入射光线，经光阑到达锥透镜侧表面产生全反射，不同入射角度的光线在锥透镜中全反射次数不同，当不再满足全反射条件后，会从锥透镜侧壁的不同位置出射，因此不同入射角度最终会形成不同的光斑图像，其中望远系统起到角度放大和提升光通量作用，微小角度的变化经望远系统放大后将使光斑图像变化更明显，提高了角度测量分辨率。图像采集系统接收到图像后对图像信息进行处理，通过不同光斑图像的特征信息如对称轴、质心位置、面积和转动惯量等计算得到实时的光线入射角度。本发明具有角度测量分辨率高、测量方法简单的优点。
The invention discloses a method and a system for measuring a small angle of light, which at least includes a telephoto system, a conical lens, an image acquisition system, an image processing system, and the like. The incident light with a small angle passes through the telephoto system to obtain the incident light with a larger angle, and reaches the side surface of the axicon lens through the diaphragm to produce total reflection. The number of total reflections of light with different incident angles in the axicon lens is different, when the total reflection is no longer satisfied. After conditions, it will exit from different positions on the sidewall of the axicon lens, so different incident angles will eventually form different spot images, in which the telephoto system plays the role of angle magnification and enhancement of luminous flux, and the small angle changes are amplified by the telephoto system. Make the spot image change more obvious and improve the angle measurement resolution. The image acquisition system processes the image information after receiving the image, and calculates the real-time light incident angle through the characteristic information of different spot images, such as symmetry axis, centroid position, area and moment of inertia. The invention has the advantages of high angle measurement resolution and simple measurement method.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of optics, in particular to a method and a system for measuring a small angle of light.
Background
The measurement of the incident angle of light is widely applied in the fields of basic research, test measurement, target detection and the like, and the measurement of the angle is an important component of a geometric measurement technology. Most of light incident angle measurement systems adopt an optical angle measurement method, and in recent years, commonly used circular grating angle measurement methods, laser interference angle measurement methods and the like are widely applied and achieve higher measurement precision, but some problems to be solved exist at present, namely, breakthrough of measurement precision is achieved, once the measurement precision is improved by one order of magnitude, the detection capability of various applications related to space target detection can be greatly improved; secondly, the manufacturing and processing are difficult, the structure is complex and the cost is high. The method for measuring the light incidence angle through the light spot image has the advantages that the angle is enlarged by using a single cone lens in the prior patent publication No. CN111256649A, the measuring structure is simple, but the characteristic information of the light spot image obtained by the method is not monotonous and regularly changed, different light angles need to be processed in a segmented mode, the consistency cannot be guaranteed in precision, meanwhile, the problem that the area of the light spot image is too large, and image splicing may be involved in the actual implementation process exists.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention solves the problems: the method and the system for measuring the small angle of the light overcome the defects of the prior art, and have the advantages of high angle measurement resolution and simple measurement.
The principle of the invention is as follows: by utilizing the telescopic system, the conical lens, the image acquisition system and the image processing system, incident light rays are amplified by the telescopic system and then enter the large-end face of the conical lens through the diaphragm, total reflection is realized on the side face of the conical lens, the total reflection incidence angle is gradually reduced along with the increase of the total reflection times, and finally the incident light rays are emitted from the side wall of the conical lens to form a light spot image which changes monotonously and regularly, and the characteristic information of the light spot image is processed by adopting the same image processing method in the whole small-angle measurement range, namely, the corresponding light ray incidence angle is obtained through calculation.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
one of the technical solutions of the invention is as follows: a small-angle incident light enters from a telescopic system, realizes angle amplification after passing through the telescopic system, then enters the large end face of a conical lens to reach a side wall, is emitted out of the side wall of the conical lens through a plurality of times of total reflection to form a light spot image with characteristic information changing regularly, and the light spot image is subjected to image processing to obtain a light incident angle; the characteristic information comprises the direction of the symmetry axis, the position of the center of mass, the area and the moment of inertia of the light spot image. As shown in fig. 4, the small angle interval of the incident light is
Wherein
Denotes the half cone angle of the axicon, n is the refractive index of the axicon material, and β is the magnification of the telescopic system. The angle interval of the light which is amplified by the angle of the telescopic system and then enters the big end face of the conical lens is
Wherein
Representing the half cone angle of the axicon, and n is the refractive index of the axicon material.
The light small angle measuring system for realizing the method comprises the following steps: the system comprises a telescope system, a diaphragm, a cone lens, an image acquisition system and an image processing system.
Incident light enters from the telescopic system, passes through the telescopic system, enters the large end face of the conical lens through the diaphragm, reaches the side wall, exits from the side wall of the conical lens to the image acquisition system, forms light spot images with characteristic information changing regularly, is displayed on the image display system, and can obtain the light incident angle after the light spot images are processed by the image processing system.
The telescope system adopts Galileo or Kepler telescope system, is arranged at the front end of the diaphragm and is coaxial with the diaphragm, and the front end of the diaphragm is provided with a lens
Is amplified to
The light with larger angle is incident to the cone lens, and the slight angle change of the incident light forms obvious angle change after passing through the telescopic system, thereby bringing obvious change of the light spot image characteristics and playing the roles of concentrating energy and improving precision;
the diaphragm is a circular through hole, has the size smaller than or equal to the caliber of the large end of the conical lens, is arranged on the surface of the large end of the conical lens and is coaxially arranged with the conical lens;
the parameters of the cone lens comprise a large-end aperture, a cone length, a cone angle, a material refractive index and the like, the cone lens with different parameters can form light spot images with different characteristic information, the light spot images are arranged at the rear end of the diaphragm and are coaxially arranged with the diaphragm, the end face of the large end of the cone lens is arranged in parallel with the receiving surface of the image acquisition system, the tip end of the cone lens is close to the receiving surface of the image acquisition system, incident light is totally reflected in the cone lens, the times of total reflection of the incident light at different angles are different, the incident light is emitted to the image acquisition system from different positions of the side wall of the cone lens after the total reflection condition is not met to form different light spot images, the light spot images formed by the incident light passing through the telescope system, the diaphragm and the cone lens can be completely received by the receiving surface of the single image acquisition system, and the characteristic information of the light spot images is regularly changed;
the image acquisition system has a complete receiving surface, does not lose image information, and can completely receive different light spot images formed by incident rays with different angles after passing through the telescopic system, the diaphragm and the conical lens;
the image processing system processes different light spot images of the image acquisition system, and calculates corresponding different light ray incidence angles according to characteristic information in the different light spot images;
the image display system displays the received light spot image;
and the image display system is used for displaying the received light spot image.
The characteristic information with regular change comprises the direction of a symmetry axis, the area, the position of a mass center, the moment of inertia and the like.
Fig. 2 is a diagram showing the ray trajectories of rays propagating in the meridional and non-meridional planes of the axicon lens. In the meridian plane of the axicon, for example, the propagation path of the ray 1, the relationship between the height of the ray impinging on the image acquisition system and the incident angle is expressed as
Wherein L represents the conic length of the conic lens, k represents the kth total reflection, alphakIs the angle theta between the incident ray and the normal direction of the wall of the axicon0Denotes the half-field angle of the axicon, α denotes the angle of incidence of the light rays, and n is the refractive index of the axicon material. Different from the light path track in the meridian plane, the light path track of the incident light in the non-meridian plane is generally a spatial spiral broken line, the broken line can be left-handed or right-handed, when the incident angle of the light is greater than a certain value, the light can be refracted to a position far away from the center in the non-meridian plane of the cone lens by the light, such as the propagation track of the light 2, at the moment, the light spot image is necessarily split, the split image is overlarge, the image acquisition system in the prior art is difficult to completely receive, the image after the light spot splitting is not changed in a linear rule manner, other characteristic information needs to be extracted, meanwhile, an image processing method needs to be changed, and finally, the situation that the measurement accuracy of different incident light angles is inconsistent is necessarily caused, so that the split image is not advisable, but the invention only aims at small-angle measurement, the change of the light spot image of the small-angle incident light is changed in a rule, and the area of the light spot is moderate.
Furthermore, the light spot information received by the image acquisition system is processed by an image processing method, and is compared or interpolated with the calibration data, so that the light ray incidence angle can be obtained.
Further, a light spot image with symmetry and regular change is received through an image acquisition system, and the alpha angle of the light ray in the figure 3 is determined by image characteristics such as the position and the area of a mass center; the direction of the axis of symmetry of the image determines the azimuth angle beta of the rays in fig. 3.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that:
(1) the invention aims at the incident ray angle
Small angle light of (2), the obtained facula patternThe image characteristic information changes monotonously and regularly, so that the incident angle can be calculated by processing the light spot image characteristic information by the same image processing method in the whole small-angle measurement range, the measurement angle does not need to be processed in a segmented manner, and light spots formed in the whole small-angle measurement range can be completely received by a receiving surface of a single image acquisition system. The invention has the advantages of high angle measurement resolution, simple measurement method and the like.
(2) The telescope system and the cone lens have the angle amplification effect, and the real-time light incident angle can be obtained by solving through the characteristic information of different light spot images, such as the direction of a symmetry axis, the position of a mass center, the area and the like. Compared with a method of directly adopting a cone lens, the method has the advantages that the angle change is more severe through the angle amplification of a telescopic system, and a more obvious and regularly changed light spot image is obtained through the cone lens, so that the measurement accuracy of the small-angle change of the light can be further improved; and the entrance pupil of the telescope system replaces the diaphragm in the prior patent publication No. CN111256649A, the luminous flux of the system is increased, and the signal-to-noise ratio of the image acquisition system is further improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a system according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of optical paths of light propagating in meridional and non-meridional planes of a axicon lens according to an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram illustrating an incident angle of a light beam according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a ray trace plot of rays propagating in a meridional plane of a axicon lens provided by an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 5 is a simulation diagram of spot images formed on an image acquisition system by light rays with different incident angles according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The embodiment of the invention provides a method and a system for measuring a small angle of light. The system comprises a telescope system, a diaphragm, a cone lens, an image acquisition system and an image processing system, wherein incident light rays are amplified by the telescope system and then enter the large end face of the cone lens through the diaphragm to reach the side wall for total reflection, and then are emitted from the side wall of the cone lens to form a light spot image, and after characteristic information of the light spot image is processed by the image processing system, the corresponding light ray incident angle can be calculated. The following detailed description, by way of example, refers to the accompanying drawings.
Examples
As shown in fig. 1-2, a system for measuring small angles of light according to the present invention comprises: a telescope system 2, a diaphragm 3, a cone lens 4, an image acquisition system 5, an image processing system 6 and an image display system 7. An incident light ray 1 is incident on an optical system from a telescopic system front port path, wherein:
parameters such as the magnification and the size of the telescopic system 2 need to be determined according to the parameters of the cone lens 4 and the image acquisition system 5. The too large magnification ratio can cause the over concentration of the light beam energy, and the formed light spot image is too small, thereby affecting the resolution ratio; if the magnification is too small, the angle amplification effect cannot be achieved, and the energy of the light beam is relatively dispersed.
During specific implementation, the telescope can be designed according to system requirements, ready-made telescope modules can be purchased, and the lenses and the axicons 4 can be coaxially arranged during installation. In this embodiment, a galilean telescope system with a magnification of 5.3 times and a clear aperture size of 11mm is adopted, light rays with an incident angle of 0 to 3 degrees are amplified by the telescope system to be emergent light rays with an incident angle of 0 to 15.9 degrees, and small angle changes of the incident light rays form obvious angle changes after passing through the telescope system, so that obvious changes of light spot image characteristics are brought, and the measurement accuracy of light ray angles is improved.
The diaphragm 3 is circular in shape, and the installation parameters may include its distance from the axicon 4, and the like.
In specific implementation, the diaphragm can be placed close to the large-end face of the cone lens 4, and the size of the diaphragm is smaller than or equal to the caliber of the large end of the cone lens.
The parameters of the large end aperture, the cone length, the cone angle and the like of the cone lens 4 are determined according to the size parameters of the telescopic system 2. The installation parameters may include the distance between the telescopic system 2 and the axicon lens 4, the distance between the axicon lens 4 and the receiving surface of the image acquisition system 5, the angle between the end surface of the large end of the axicon lens 4 and the receiving surface of the image acquisition system 5, and the like.
In specific implementation, the telescopic system 2 and the conical lens 4 can be matched in size and are relatively close to each other, the tip of the conical lens 4 is placed close to the receiving surface of the image acquisition system 5, and the end surface of the large end of the conical lens 4 is parallel to the receiving surface of the image acquisition system 5. In the embodiment, the cone lens is made of H-ZBAF21, the caliber of the large end is 10mm, the cone angle is 28.1 degrees, the spot image formed by the incident light of 0-3 degrees passing through the telescopic system, the diaphragm and the cone lens can be completely received by the receiving surface of the single image acquisition system, and the characteristic information of the spot image is changed regularly.
The image acquisition system 5 is used for receiving a light spot image formed by the incident light after passing through the optical system.
In specific implementation, image acquisition systems such as a CCD or a CMOS can be selected according to system requirements.
The image processing system 6 is used for processing the light spot image feature information received by the image acquisition system 5, including the symmetry axis direction, the area, the centroid position and the like of the light spot image.
During specific implementation, the corresponding incident ray azimuth angle information can be calculated by extracting the symmetry axis direction of the light spot image, and the angle information of the incident ray can be calculated by multiple ways such as the area and the centroid position of the light spot image, so that the measurement precision of the incident ray angle is ensured.
As shown in fig. 3, a spot image with symmetry and regular change is received by an image acquisition system, a coordinate system is established with a point projected by the tip of a cone lens onto a receiving surface of the image acquisition system as an origin, and the angle of inclination angle α of the light in fig. 3 can be determined by image characteristics such as centroid position, area and the like; the direction of the image symmetry axis determines the azimuth angle β of the rays in fig. 3.
In this example, the magnification of the telescopic system used was 5.3 times, the material of the axicon lens was H-ZBAF21, the aperture of the large end was 10mm, and the cone angle was 28.1 °. The light spot image formed after the incident light telescopic system and the cone lens is shown in fig. 5, wherein: (a) a light incident angle of 0 °, (b) a light incident angle of 0.2 °, (c) a light incident angle of 0.4 °, (d) a light incident angle of 0.6 °, (e) a light incident angle of 0.8 °, (f) a light incident angle of 1 °, (g) a light incident angle of 1.2 °, (h) a light incident angle of 1.4 °, (i) a light incident angle of 1.6 °, (g) a light incident angle of 1.8 °, (k) a light incident angle of 2 °, (l) a light incident angle of 2.2 °, (m) a light incident angle of 2.4 °, (n) a light incident angle of 2.6 °, (o) a light incident angle of 2.8 °, (p) a light incident angle of 3 °, wherein a telescopic system magnification of 5.3 is used, a refractive index of the cone lens material of 1.72, a large end diameter of 10mm, and a cone angle of 28.1 °.
In the figure 5, the light spot image can be completely received by the receiving surface of the image acquisition system without image splicing and other processing, the loss of image information is avoided to a certain extent, the characteristic information of the light spot image comprises a centroid position, an area and the like which are regularly changed in the whole 0-3-degree light incidence angle range, the angle information of the incident light and the characteristic information of the light spot image are in one-to-one correspondence, a coordinate system is established by taking the point of the cone lens tip projected onto the receiving surface of the image acquisition system as an original point, the characteristic information of the light spot image comprises the direction of a symmetry axis, the centroid position, the area and the like, image processing is carried out by comparing or interpolating with calibration data, the angle information of the incident light can be obtained, and the calculation formula of the rotational inertia is used for obtaining the angle information of the incident light
Wherein (i)0,j0) The intersection point of the central axis of the conical lens and the imaging plane is represented, m and n represent the pixel size of the image, f (i, j) represents the gray value of the binarized image at the position, the incident angle is solved by adopting a method of moment of inertia, and the obtained measurement precision is improved by 32% compared with the precision of the prior patent publication No. CN 111256649A.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above examples are only for illustrating the technical solution of the present invention, and not for limiting the same. Those of ordinary skill in the art will understand that: modifications to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments or equivalent replacements of some or all technical features may be made without departing from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.
Claims (2)
1. A method for measuring small angle of light is characterized in that: small-angle incident light enters from a telescopic system, is subjected to angle amplification after passing through the telescopic system, enters the large-end face of the conical lens to reach the side wall, is emitted from the side wall of the conical lens to form a light spot image with regularly-changed characteristic information, and is subjected to image processing to obtain a light incident angle;
the angle of incidence to the large end face of the axicon lens after the angle amplification by the telescopic system satisfies the condition of total reflection on the side surface of the axicon lens if
Denotes the half cone angle of the axicon, n denotes the refractive index of the axicon material, and when a ray is incident from the large end face of the axicon at an angle alpha, the angle of refraction of the ray is alpha0When the light reaches the side wall on the meridian plane of the axicon lens for the first time, the included angle between the light and the normal line of the side wall is alpha1When the axicon lens is placed in air
The condition for total reflection of the side wall when reaching the meridian plane is
The angle interval of the light incident to the big end face of the conical lens is obtained
The small-angle interval in the small-angle incident light is calculated according to the angle interval alpha of the light incident to the large-end face of the tapered lens, and the small-angle interval of the incident light is
Wherein
Denotes the half cone angle of the axicon, n is the refractive index of the axicon material, and β is the magnification of the telescopic system.
2. A light small angle measurement system for implementing the method of claim 1, wherein: the system comprises: the system comprises a telescope system, a cone lens, an image acquisition system and an image processing system;
the exit window aperture of the telescopic system is larger than the aperture of the large end of the cone lens, small-angle light rays are amplified into large-angle light rays to be incident to the cone lens, and the entrance pupil of the telescopic system is used as a diaphragm of the measuring system to play a role in increasing the luminous flux of the system;
the cone lens is emitted from the side wall of the cone lens to form a light spot image with regularly changed characteristic information, the end face of the large end of the cone lens is placed in parallel with the receiving surface of the image acquisition system, and the tip end of the cone lens is close to the receiving surface of the image acquisition system;
the image acquisition system receives light spot images with regularly changed characteristic information;
and the image processing system processes the light spot images and calculates to obtain corresponding different light incident angles according to the characteristic information in the different light spot images.
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| JPS6374284A (en) * | 1986-09-17 | 1988-04-04 | Seiko Epson Corp | Color image input device |
| JP4004140B2 (en) * | 1998-04-30 | 2007-11-07 | オリンパス株式会社 | Zoom lens using diffractive optical element and image pickup apparatus using the same |
| CN202083629U (en) * | 2011-06-16 | 2011-12-21 | 江南大学 | A Device for Measuring the Refractive Index of Liquids by Minimum Deviation Angle Method |
| EP2754524B1 (en) * | 2013-01-15 | 2015-11-25 | Corning Laser Technologies GmbH | Method of and apparatus for laser based processing of flat substrates being wafer or glass element using a laser beam line |
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| CN107084690A (en) * | 2017-05-17 | 2017-08-22 | 孙诗明 | A kind of measuring method that prism of corner cube effective area is carried out using femtosecond laser |
| CN108317970B (en) * | 2017-12-08 | 2020-04-03 | 长春理工大学 | System and method for measuring incident angle of light |
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