CN113662017B - Application of a kind of compound plant essential oil - Google Patents
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- 239000000341 volatile oil Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 80
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 title claims abstract description 29
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 claims abstract description 36
- 244000126014 Valeriana officinalis Species 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 235000013832 Valeriana officinalis Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 235000008422 Schisandra chinensis Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 235000016788 valerian Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 235000009024 Ceanothus sanguineus Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 240000003553 Leptospermum scoparium Species 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 235000015459 Lycium barbarum Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 claims abstract 3
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000006184 cosolvent Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000008367 deionised water Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910021641 deionized water Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 201000010099 disease Diseases 0.000 claims description 8
- 208000037265 diseases, disorders, signs and symptoms Diseases 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical group CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000005485 electric heating Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000010482 polyoxyethylene sorbitan monooleate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920000053 polysorbate 80 Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 241000736075 Schisandra Species 0.000 claims 4
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 claims 2
- 238000010992 reflux Methods 0.000 claims 2
- 238000007873 sieving Methods 0.000 claims 2
- 238000002791 soaking Methods 0.000 claims 2
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 240000006079 Schisandra chinensis Species 0.000 abstract description 23
- 241000555695 Didymella Species 0.000 abstract description 5
- 239000000575 pesticide Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 241000024211 Diaphora Species 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000005764 inhibitory process Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 244000269722 Thea sinensis Species 0.000 description 13
- 230000003385 bacteriostatic effect Effects 0.000 description 9
- 239000000417 fungicide Substances 0.000 description 7
- 230000000844 anti-bacterial effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- 230000000855 fungicidal effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000003899 bactericide agent Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229940079593 drug Drugs 0.000 description 4
- 230000001018 virulence Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000002401 inhibitory effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 208000031888 Mycoses Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 239000013543 active substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000022 bacteriostatic agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000012153 distilled water Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000012452 mother liquor Substances 0.000 description 2
- 244000052769 pathogen Species 0.000 description 2
- 230000001717 pathogenic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 description 2
- 241000894007 species Species 0.000 description 2
- 150000003505 terpenes Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 241000894006 Bacteria Species 0.000 description 1
- 241001547704 Didymella segeticola Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000218377 Magnoliaceae Species 0.000 description 1
- 240000004808 Saccharomyces cerevisiae Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000736078 Schisandra sphenanthera Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000006468 Thea sinensis Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 241000792902 Valerianaceae Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000004480 active ingredient Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000202 analgesic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003110 anti-inflammatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002921 anti-spasmodic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003963 antioxidant agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003078 antioxidant effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 244000052616 bacterial pathogen Species 0.000 description 1
- 230000001914 calming effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000812 cholinergic antagonist Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007812 deficiency Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000014113 dietary fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000013399 edible fruits Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229930195729 fatty acid Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 239000000194 fatty acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000004665 fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000009920 food preservation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002538 fungal effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000147 hypnotic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011835 investigation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229930013686 lignan Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 235000009408 lignans Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000005692 lignans Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000002690 local anesthesia Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007721 medicinal effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001151 other effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000036407 pain Effects 0.000 description 1
- 244000000003 plant pathogen Species 0.000 description 1
- 229930000044 secondary metabolite Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 239000000932 sedative agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001624 sedative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001256 steam distillation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000007586 terpenes Nutrition 0.000 description 1
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- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
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Abstract
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明属于植物精油技术领域，具体涉及一种复合植物精油的应用。The invention belongs to the technical field of plant essential oils, in particular to the application of a compound plant essential oil.
背景技术Background technique
亚隔孢壳属(Didymella)真菌的种类很多，目前全世界亚隔孢壳属真菌拥有丰富的生态多样性，通常被认为是种类最多的真菌类群之一，其中多数为植物病原菌。亚隔孢壳属病原菌种类多，可引起多种植物病害。我国主要茶树病害种类近130余种，对茶叶产量和品质带来较大的影响。由亚隔孢壳属引起的茶树叶斑病是为害茶树的常见叶斑病害之一，感病叶片形成褐色至黑褐色病斑，可致茶树叶片畸形扭曲，生长发育缓慢，严重影响了茶叶的品质及产量，但目前缺乏安全、高效、低毒的病害防治措施。There are many species of Didymella fungi. Currently, Didymella fungi have rich ecological diversity in the world, and are generally considered to be one of the most diverse fungal groups, most of which are plant pathogens. There are many species of subsporarium pathogenic bacteria, which can cause a variety of plant diseases. There are nearly 130 major tea plant diseases in my country, which have a great impact on the yield and quality of tea. Tea leaf spot caused by Subspora is one of the common leaf spot diseases that damage tea trees. The susceptible leaves form brown to dark brown spots, which can cause deformed and distorted leaves of tea trees, slow growth and development, and seriously affect the quality of tea leaves. quality and yield, but currently lack of safe, efficient, low-viral disease control measures.
植物精油是一种挥发性化合物的复杂混合物，是许多植物产生的次生代谢物。植物精油的主要成分是萜类化合物，因抗氧化、抑菌等药用特性和强烈的香气而闻名，常用于食品保藏、止痛、镇定、消炎、解痉和局部麻醉，还可以抑制或延缓细菌、酵母和霉菌的生长，是一种可替代化学抑菌剂的天然抑菌剂。Essential oils are a complex mixture of volatile compounds, secondary metabolites produced by many plants. The main components of plant essential oils are terpenoids, which are famous for their medicinal properties such as antioxidant and bacteriostasis and their strong aroma. They are often used for food preservation, pain relief, calming, anti-inflammatory, antispasmodic and local anesthesia. They can also inhibit or delay bacteria. , yeast and mold growth, is a natural bacteriostatic agent that can replace chemical bacteriostatic agents.
缬草(Valeriana officinalis L.)是一种败酱科、缬草属多年生草本植物。据报道，缬草根的有效活性成分具有止痛，镇静，催眠等功效。然而，缬草活性物质抗植物病害的研究却未见报道。Valerian (Valeriana officinalis L.) is a perennial herb of the genus Valerianaceae. The active active ingredient of valerian root has been reported to have analgesic, sedative, hypnotic and other effects. However, the study of valerian active substances against plant diseases has not been reported.
中国药典中记载南、北五味子分别为木兰科植物华中五味子(Schisandrasphenanthera Rehd.et Wils.)和五味子(Schisandra chinensis(Turcz.)Baill.)的干燥成熟果实，但在二者的“性味与归经”和“功能与主治”中的记述是相同的，五味子都含有挥发性成分(萜类、脂肪酸及其衍生物)和木脂素成分。The Chinese Pharmacopoeia records that the southern and northern schisandra are the dried and mature fruits of the Magnoliaceae Schisandrasphenanthera Rehd.et Wils. and Schisandra chinensis (Turcz.) Baill. The descriptions in "Classics" and "Functions and Indications" are the same, and Schisandra chinensis contains volatile components (terpenes, fatty acids and their derivatives) and lignans.
植物精油五味子和缬草精油作为主要抑菌活性物质对植物真菌病害的作用较少，尤其是茶树真菌病害的作用未见报道。The plant essential oils Schisandra chinensis and valerian essential oil, as the main antibacterial active substances, have little effect on plant fungal diseases, especially the role of tea tree fungal diseases has not been reported.
发明内容SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
本发明所要解决的技术问题在于针对上述现有技术的不足，提供一种复合植物精油的应用，该复合植物精油对由亚隔孢壳属引起的茶树叶斑病有良好的抑制作用，可作为一种新型植物源农药开发使用。The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to aim at the above-mentioned deficiencies of the prior art, and to provide the application of a compound plant essential oil, the compound plant essential oil has a good inhibitory effect on tea leaf spot caused by Subspora, and can be used as a A new type of botanical pesticide was developed and used.
为解决上述技术问题，本发明采用的技术方案是：一种复合植物精油的应用，所述复合植物精油包括五味子精油和缬草精油的混合物，所述复合植物精油用于茶树叶斑病的防治。In order to solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the technical scheme adopted in the present invention is: an application of a compound plant essential oil, the compound plant essential oil comprises a mixture of Schisandra chinensis essential oil and valerian essential oil, and the compound plant essential oil is used for the prevention and treatment of tea leaf spot disease .
优选地，所述茶树叶斑病是由亚隔孢壳属(Didymella)引起的叶斑病。Preferably, the tea leaf spot is a leaf spot caused by Didymella.
优选地，所述复合植物精油中五味子精油和缬草精油的质量比为(3～5):1。Preferably, the mass ratio of Schisandra essential oil and valerian essential oil in the compound plant essential oil is (3～5):1.
优选地，所述复合植物精油还包括助溶剂、表面活性剂和去离子水；所述复合植物精油中各原料的质量分数为：五味子精油和缬草精油的混合物2％～5％、助溶剂8％～10％、表面活性剂5％，余量为去离子水。Preferably, the compound plant essential oil further includes a cosolvent, a surfactant and deionized water; the mass fraction of each raw material in the compound plant essential oil is: 2% to 5% of the mixture of Schisandra essential oil and valerian essential oil, a cosolvent 8% to 10%, surfactant 5%, and the balance is deionized water.
优选地，所述助溶剂为无水乙醇，所述表面活性剂为吐温-80。Preferably, the cosolvent is absolute ethanol, and the surfactant is Tween-80.
本发明与现有技术相比具有以下优点：Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages:
本发明的复合植物精油对由亚隔孢壳属(Didymella)引起的茶树叶斑病有良好的抑制作用，可作为一种新型植物源农药开发使用。The compound plant essential oil of the invention has a good inhibitory effect on tea leaf spot caused by Didymella, and can be developed and used as a new type of botanical pesticide.
下面结合实施例对本发明作进一步详细说明。The present invention will be described in further detail below in conjunction with the embodiments.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
实施例1Example 1
本实施例的复合植物精油的应用，所述复合植物精油包括五味子精油和缬草精油的混合物，所述复合植物精油用于由亚隔孢壳属引起的茶树叶斑病(Leaf spot disease)的防治。The application of the compound plant essential oil of this embodiment, the compound plant essential oil includes a mixture of Schisandra chinensis essential oil and valerian essential oil, and the compound plant essential oil is used for the treatment of tea leaf spot disease caused by Subspora sp. prevention and treatment.
五味子精油和缬草精油均采用水蒸气蒸馏法提油，呈浅黄色，具有强烈的药草香气，具体的提取方法为：Both Schisandra chinensis essential oil and valerian essential oil are extracted by steam distillation, which is light yellow and has a strong herbal aroma. The specific extraction method is:
(1)五味子精油的提取方法为：(1) The extraction method of Schisandra essential oil is:
取200g五味子过26目筛，置于5000mL的圆底烧瓶中，加入2500mL水浸泡过夜，再在恒温电热套上加热沸腾提取8h后，停止加热，通入冷凝水回流至提取器冷却到没有液体从冷凝管中流下为止，收集五味子精油。Take 200g of Schisandra chinensis and pass it through a 26 mesh sieve, put it in a 5000mL round bottom flask, add 2500mL of water to soak overnight, then heat and boil on a constant temperature electric heating mantle to extract for 8h, stop heating, pass condensed water back to the extractor and cool until there is no liquid Collect Schisandra essential oil until it flows down from the condenser tube.
(2)缬草精油的提取方法为：(2) the extraction method of valerian essential oil is:
取200g五味子过26目筛，置于5000mL的圆底烧瓶中，加入3000mL水浸泡过夜，再在恒温电热套上加热沸腾提取8h后，停止加热，通入冷凝水回流至提取器冷却到没有液体从冷凝管中流下为止，收集缬草精油。Take 200g of Schisandra chinensis and pass it through a 26 mesh sieve, put it in a 5000mL round-bottomed flask, add 3000mL of water to soak overnight, then heat and boil on a constant temperature electric heating mantle to extract for 8 hours, stop heating, and pass condensed water back to the extractor to cool until there is no liquid. Collect valerian essential oil until it flows down from the condenser.
将缬草精油用少量的无水乙醇配制成母液之后，加灭菌蒸馏水稀释，加入PDA培养基中配制成0.50、1.00、2.00、3.00、6.00mg/mL浓度的含药培养基，并以不含药剂的PDA培养基作为对照，每个处理重复3次。供试菌种由西南大学茶学系实验室保存。将培养5天的供试菌种，用直径为5mm的打孔器打下菌饼，接种至含药和对照PDA培养基的中央位置，并使含菌落一面与培养基充分接触，于25±2℃恒温培养箱中，培养5天，以十字交叉法测量菌落直径，取其平均值。采用SPSS软件计算抑菌率、毒力回归方程和EC50等数值，结果如表1所示。After the valerian essential oil is prepared into a mother liquor with a small amount of absolute ethanol, diluted with sterilized distilled water, added to the PDA medium to prepare a medicated medium with a concentration of 0.50, 1.00, 2.00, 3.00, 6.00 mg/mL, and with no Drug-containing PDA medium was used as a control, and each treatment was replicated 3 times. The tested strains were preserved by the laboratory of the Tea Science Department of Southwest University. The test strains that have been cultivated for 5 days are punched out with a hole punch of 5 mm in diameter, inoculated to the central position of the drug-containing and control PDA medium, and the side containing the colony is fully contacted with the medium, at 25 ± 2. Cultivated in a constant temperature incubator for 5 days, measure the colony diameter by the cross method, and take the average value. SPSS software was used to calculate the bacteriostatic rate, virulence regression equation and EC 50 and other values. The results are shown in Table 1.
将五味子精油用少量的无水乙醇配制成母液之后，加灭菌蒸馏水稀释，加入PDA培养基中配制成0.10、0.25、0.40、0.60、0.75mg/mL浓度的含药培养基，并以不含药剂的PDA培养基作为对照，每个处理重复3次。供试菌种为亚隔孢壳属Didymella segeticola，由西南大学茶学系实验室保存。将培养5天的供试菌种，用直径为5mm的打孔器打下菌饼，接种至含药和对照PDA培养基的中央位置，并使含菌落一面与培养基充分接触，于25±2℃恒温培养箱中，培养5-7天，以十字交叉法测量菌落直径，取其平均值。采用SPSS软件计算抑菌率、毒力回归方程和EC50等数值，结果如表2所示。After the essential oil of Schisandra chinensis is prepared into a mother liquor with a small amount of absolute ethanol, diluted with sterilized distilled water, added to the PDA medium to prepare a medicated medium with a concentration of 0.10, 0.25, 0.40, 0.60, 0.75 mg/mL, and with no The PDA medium of the drug was used as a control, and each treatment was repeated 3 times. The tested strain was Didymella segeticola, which was preserved by the laboratory of the Department of Tea Science, Southwest University. The test strains that have been cultivated for 5 days are punched out with a hole punch of 5 mm in diameter, inoculated to the central position of the drug-containing and control PDA medium, and the side containing the colony is fully contacted with the medium, at 25 ± 2. Cultivate in a constant temperature incubator for 5-7 days, measure the colony diameter by the cross method, and take the average value. SPSS software was used to calculate the bacteriostatic rate, virulence regression equation and EC 50 and other values. The results are shown in Table 2.
抑菌率计算公式：The formula for calculating the bacteriostatic rate:
抑菌率＝(对照菌落直径-处理菌落直径)/对照菌落直径×100％Bacteriostatic rate=(control colony diameter-treated colony diameter)/control colony diameter×100%
表1缬草精油对茶树叶斑病病原菌的室内毒力分析Table 1 Indoor virulence analysis of valerian essential oil to the pathogen of tea leaf spot
表2五味子精油对茶树叶斑病病原菌的室内毒力分析Table 2 Indoor virulence analysis of essential oil of Schisandra chinensis to tea leaf spot pathogen
由表1-2可知，缬草精油和五味子精油对茶树叶斑病均有抑菌效果，五味子精油的抑菌效果优于缬草精油。It can be seen from Table 1-2 that both valerian essential oil and schisandra essential oil have bacteriostatic effect on tea leaf spot, and the bacteriostatic effect of schisandra essential oil is better than that of valerian essential oil.
将五味子精油、缬草精油、助溶剂(无水乙醇)、表面活性剂(吐温-80)配置成杀菌剂a-c。The essential oil of Schisandra chinensis, valerian essential oil, cosolvent (absolute ethanol) and surfactant (Tween-80) were prepared into fungicides a-c.
杀菌剂a由以下质量分数的原料组成：复合植物精油(五味子精油：缬草精油质量比＝3:1)2％，助溶剂5％，表面活性剂5％，余量为去离子水；Bactericide a is composed of the following raw materials by mass fraction: compound plant essential oil (schisandra essential oil: valerian essential oil mass ratio=3:1) 2%, cosolvent 5%, surfactant 5%, and the balance is deionized water;
杀菌剂b由以下质量分数的原料组成：复合植物精油(五味子精油：缬草精油质量比＝4:1)3％，助溶剂8％，表面活性剂5％，余量为去离子水；Bactericide b is composed of the following raw materials by mass fraction: compound plant essential oil (schisandra essential oil: valerian essential oil mass ratio=4:1) 3%, cosolvent 8%, surfactant 5%, and the balance is deionized water;
杀菌剂c由以下质量分数的原料组成：复合植物精油(五味子精油：缬草精油质量比＝4:1)5％，助溶剂10％，表面活性剂5％，余量为去离子水；Bactericide c is composed of the following raw materials by mass fraction: compound plant essential oil (schisandra essential oil: valerian essential oil mass ratio=4:1) 5%, cosolvent 10%, surfactant 5%, and the balance is deionized water;
杀菌剂d由以下质量分数的原料组成：复合植物精油(五味子精油：缬草精油质量比＝5:1)5％，助溶剂10％，表面活性剂5％，余量为去离子水。The bactericide d is composed of raw materials with the following mass fractions: compound plant essential oil (the mass ratio of Schisandra chinensis essential oil: valerian essential oil=5:1) 5%, cosolvent 10%, surfactant 5%, and the balance is deionized water.
表3复合精油对茶树叶斑病的抑菌率Table 3 The antibacterial rate of compound essential oil on tea leaf spot
注：“—”表示未进行调查。Note: "—" indicates that no investigation has been carried out.
由表3可知，使用杀菌剂a-d对茶树叶斑病有抑制作用，抑菌率可达66.7％～86.6％，五味子精油和缬草精油的质量比为(3～5):1时对茶树叶斑病抑菌效果显著。It can be seen from Table 3 that the use of fungicides a-d has an inhibitory effect on tea leaf spot, and the bacteriostatic rate can reach 66.7% to 86.6%. Spot bacteriostatic effect is remarkable.
以上所述，仅是本发明的较佳实施例，并非对本发明作任何限制。凡是根据发明技术实质对以上实施例所作的任何简单修改、变更以及等效变化，均仍属于本发明技术方案的保护范围内。The above descriptions are only preferred embodiments of the present invention, and do not limit the present invention in any way. Any simple modifications, changes and equivalent changes made to the above embodiments according to the technical essence of the invention still fall within the protection scope of the technical solutions of the present invention.
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