CN113772664A - Nickel black-graphene composite photo-thermal conversion film and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Nickel black-graphene composite photo-thermal conversion film and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
A nickel black-graphene composite photo-thermal conversion film and a preparation method thereof relate to the structure, preparation and seawater desalination application of the nickel black-graphene composite photo-thermal conversion film. And simultaneously depositing the graphene and the nickel black on the wall surface of the foamed nickel hole by adopting a one-step electrochemical method to obtain the nickel black-graphene composite photo-thermal conversion film. The photo-thermal conversion efficiency is improved by cooperating with the plasma resonance effect of the metal nickel black and the advantage of wide light absorption wavelength range of the graphene carbon material. The nickel black-graphene photo-thermal conversion film is used for seawater desalination under the illumination condition. Light-steam energy conversion efficiency under 1sun illumination intensityThe rate reaches 162.4 percent, and the vapor permeability can reach 2.37kg/m2·h。
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of photo-thermal conversion and application thereof in seawater desalination.
Background
Fresh water resources are indispensable resources for human survival. Therefore, more and more countries adopt desalination technology to alleviate the shortage of fresh water. However, higher energy consumption is required in the desalination process. Solar energy is taken as energy required by living of organisms, is ubiquitous and inexhaustible in life, and is generally considered to be introduced into a seawater desalination technology, so that the solar energy has a photothermal conversion effect and effectively reduces energy consumption. By combining two most abundant resources on the earth, the seawater desalination is realized, the problem of water resource shortage is solved, the sustainable development is realized, and the development trend of the seawater desalination technology in the future is provided. At present, the commonly used solar heat conversion materials are mainly classified into the following categories: various carbon materials, plasma metals, inorganic semiconductors, and organic polymers. Plasma metal materials are used as solar energy absorbing materials due to their strong electromagnetic wave absorbing ability. At present, precious metals such as gold and silver are widely researched, but the wide application of the precious metals is severely limited due to the high cost of the precious metals. The economical nickel black can effectively replace expensive solar heat conversion materials to realize solar heat conversion. Meanwhile, graphene is a new two-dimensional material, has the characteristics of wide solar energy absorption wavelength range, good photo-thermal conversion performance and the like, and is widely applied to photo-thermal conversion. Therefore, the invention considers that the nickel black material and the graphene are combined together to form the photo-thermal composite material and are applied to the aspect of seawater desalination technology.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a nickel black-graphene composite photo-thermal conversion film and a preparation method thereof, and aims to improve the photo-thermal conversion efficiency and the seawater desalination effect by cooperatively playing the advantages of a metal material and a carbon material in the aspect of photo-thermal conversion.
The method comprises the following steps:
a nickel black-graphene composite photo-thermal conversion film and a preparation method thereof are characterized by comprising the following specific steps:
(1) adding a certain amount of ammonium sulfate and nickel sulfate into a solvent, and continuously stirring until the ammonium sulfate and the nickel sulfate are fully dissolved to form electrolyte;
(2) the foamed nickel is used as a cathode, the graphite foil is used as an anode, and the electrode distance is adjusted in the electrolyte;
(3) under a certain direct current voltage, gas and hydroxyl radicals generated by the electrolyte generate intercalation on the graphite foil, so that graphene is stripped; the nickel ions play a role of a carrier, and the graphene is transferred to the cathode and reduced into nickel black; thereby generating a uniform nickel black-graphene composite film on the cathode;
(4) adjusting the concentration of the electrolyte, the deposition voltage and the deposition time to control the content of the nickel black-graphene composite material on the cathode;
the concentration of ammonium sulfate in the step (1) is 0-0.2M, and the concentration of nickel sulfate is 0-0.08M;
the electrode distance in the step (2) is 0.5-2 cm;
the voltage range in the step (3) is 5-15V;
the deposition time in the step (4) is 5-40 min;
(5) after electrodeposition is carried out for a certain time, the nickel black-graphene photo-thermal conversion film is fully cleaned in deionized water, and is dried for 12 hours in a 60 ℃ oven after being taken out.
A forming principle of a nickel black-graphene composite photo-thermal conversion film is as follows: after the system is electrified, gas and hydroxyl radicals generated by the electrolyte generate intercalation on the graphite foil, so that graphene is stripped. The nickel ions play a role of charging salt, and the graphene is transferred to the cathode and reduced into nickel black; thereby generating a uniform nickel black-graphene composite film on the cathode.
The invention adopts a one-step electrochemical method, has simple preparation process and one-step film formation; the nickel black on the surface of the carrier can realize the photo-thermal conversion effect under the action of the plasma resonance effect, the graphene has a wide range of light absorption wavelength, and the generation of water vapor in the seawater desalination process is increased through the synergistic effect to obtain more fresh water.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is an SEM image of a nickel black-graphene composite photo-thermal conversion film.
FIG. 2 shows an XRD pattern of the nickel black-graphene composite photo-thermal conversion film.
FIG. 3 is a Raman diagram of the nickel black-graphene composite photo-thermal conversion film.
Detailed Description
In order to better explain the present invention, the present invention is further explained below by taking a nickel black-graphene composite photo-thermal conversion film as an example and combining with the accompanying drawings.
Preparation in the early stage of the experiment:
1. preparing a nickel black-graphene composite photo-thermal conversion film:
(1) adding 1.32g of ammonium sulfate and 0.42g of nickel sulfate into 200ml of deionized water, and continuously stirring at room temperature until the ammonium sulfate and the nickel sulfate are fully dissolved to form an electrolyte solution;
(2) connecting foamed nickel on a cathode, connecting a graphite foil on an anode, adjusting the distance of the connected electrode, and putting the electrode into electrolyte;
(3) turning on a switch of an external direct current power supply, and adjusting the experiment voltage and the experiment time to adjust the content of the nickel black-graphene composite material on the foamed nickel;
(4) and cleaning the plated nickel black-graphene photo-thermal conversion film in deionized water, taking out, and drying in an oven at 60 ℃ for 12 hours.
Fig. 1, fig. 2 and fig. 3 are SEM, XRD and Raman diagrams of a nickel black-graphene composite photo-thermal conversion film, respectively. The existence of graphene and nickel black on the surface of the film can be clearly seen through an SEM image, characteristic peaks of nickel and graphene can be seen through an XRD and Raman images, and the nickel black-graphene composite film can be effectively proved to be effectively prepared.
2. The experimental process comprises the following steps:
the effective membrane area prepared above is 9cm2The nickel black-graphene composite photo-thermal conversion film is placed on an evaporation cup filled with a NaCl solution with the concentration of 30g/L, and simulated sunlight with the light intensity of 1sun is adopted for irradiation. The initial weight and the final weight of the evaporation cup were weighed and the vapor permeability was calculated.
Example 1
Adding 1.32g of ammonium sulfate and 0.42g of nickel sulfate into 200ml of deionized water, and continuously stirring at room temperature until the ammonium sulfate and the nickel sulfate are fully dissolved to form an electrolyte solution; connecting foamed nickel on a cathode, connecting a graphite foil on an anode, adjusting the distance of the connected electrode, and putting the electrode into electrolyte; turning on a switch of an external direct current power supply, and reacting for 10 minutes under the voltage of 13V; and cleaning the plated nickel black-graphene photo-thermal conversion film in deionized water, taking out, and drying in an oven at 60 ℃ for 12 hours. Subjecting to evaporation under 1sun illuminationOn the cup, the light-steam energy conversion efficiency is 136.94%, and the steam permeability is 2.00 kg/m2·h。
Example 2
Adding 1.32g of ammonium sulfate and 0.42g of nickel sulfate into 200ml of deionized water, and continuously stirring at room temperature until the ammonium sulfate and the nickel sulfate are fully dissolved to form an electrolyte solution; connecting foamed nickel on a cathode, connecting a graphite foil on an anode, adjusting the distance of the connected electrode, and putting the electrode into electrolyte; turning on a switch of an external direct current power supply, and reacting for 20 minutes under the voltage of 13V; and cleaning the plated nickel black-graphene photo-thermal conversion film in deionized water, taking out, and drying in an oven at 60 ℃ for 12 hours. Placing on an evaporation cup under 1sun illumination, the light-steam energy conversion efficiency is 138.49%, and the steam permeability is 2.02 kg/m2·h。
Example 3
Adding 1.32g of ammonium sulfate and 0.42g of nickel sulfate into 200ml of deionized water, and continuously stirring at room temperature until the ammonium sulfate and the nickel sulfate are fully dissolved to form an electrolyte solution; connecting foamed nickel on a cathode, connecting a graphite foil on an anode, adjusting the distance of the connected electrode, and putting the electrode into electrolyte; turning on a switch of an external direct current power supply, and reacting for 30 minutes under the voltage of 13V; and cleaning the plated nickel black-graphene photo-thermal conversion film in deionized water, taking out, and drying in an oven at 60 ℃ for 12 hours. Placing on an evaporation cup under 1sun illumination, the light-steam energy conversion efficiency is 162.48%, and the steam permeability is 2.37kg/m2·h。
Example 4
Adding 1.32g of ammonium sulfate and 0.42g of nickel sulfate into 200ml of deionized water, and continuously stirring at room temperature until the ammonium sulfate and the nickel sulfate are fully dissolved to form an electrolyte solution; connecting foamed nickel on a cathode, connecting a graphite foil on an anode, adjusting the distance of the connected electrode, and putting the electrode into electrolyte; turning on a switch of an external direct current power supply, and reacting for 40 minutes under the voltage of 13V; and cleaning the plated nickel black-graphene photo-thermal conversion film in deionized water, taking out, and drying in an oven at 60 ℃ for 12 hours. Placing on an evaporation cup under 1sun illumination, light-steam energy conversion efficiency is 140.37%, and steam permeability is 2.05 kg/m2·h。
Comparative example 1:
will be adornedThe evaporation cup with no membrane having a concentration of NaCl solution of 30g/L was irradiated with simulated sunlight having a light intensity of 1 sun. The initial weight and the final weight of the evaporation cup were weighed, and the light-vapor energy conversion efficiency was calculated to be 50.89%, and the vapor permeability was calculated to be 0.75k g/m2·h。
Comparative example 2:
adding 1.32g of ammonium sulfate into 200ml of deionized water, and continuously stirring at room temperature until the ammonium sulfate is fully dissolved to form an electrolyte solution; connecting foamed nickel on a cathode, connecting two nickel plates on anodes at the left side and the right side of the foamed nickel respectively, adjusting the distance of the connected electrodes and putting the electrodes into electrolyte; turning on an external direct current power supply, and electrolyzing for 20 minutes under the voltage of 15V; and cleaning the plated nickel black photothermal conversion film in deionized water, taking out, and drying in an oven at 60 ℃ for 12 hours. Under the illumination of 1sun, the light-steam energy conversion efficiency is 91.87 percent, and the steam permeability is 1.07kg/m2·h。
Comparative example 2:
adding 1.32g of ammonium sulfate into 200ml of deionized water, and continuously stirring at room temperature until the ammonium sulfate is fully dissolved to form an electrolyte solution; and respectively placing the cathode and the anode on graphite foils, stripping for 1 hour, and carrying out suction filtration on the obtained graphene to obtain the graphene film. Under the illumination of 1sun, the light-steam energy conversion efficiency is 81.20%, and the steam permeability is 1.19kg/m2·h。
And (4) conclusion:
as can be seen from table 1, compared with the nickel black film and the graphene film, the nickel black-graphene composite photothermal conversion film realizes a synergistic promotion effect, has a good effect in seawater desalination, and maximizes the light-steam energy conversion efficiency and the steam permeability of the film when the electrolysis time is 30 min.
TABLE 1 active membrane area of 9cm2The nickel black-graphene composite photo-thermal conversion film and the steam permeability of the comparative example under 1sun illumination
Claims (3)
1. A nickel black-graphene composite photo-thermal conversion film and a preparation method thereof are characterized by mainly comprising the following steps:
(1) adding a certain amount of ammonium sulfate and nickel sulfate into a solvent, and continuously stirring until the ammonium sulfate and the nickel sulfate are fully dissolved to form electrolyte;
(2) the foamed nickel is used as a cathode, the graphite foil is used as an anode, and the electrode distance is adjusted in the electrolyte;
(3) under a certain direct current voltage, gas and hydroxyl radicals generated by the electrolyte generate intercalation on the graphite foil, so that graphene is stripped; the nickel ions play a role of a carrier, and the graphene is transferred to the cathode and reduced into nickel black; thereby generating a uniform nickel black-graphene composite film on the cathode;
(4) adjusting the concentration of the electrolyte, the deposition voltage and the deposition time to control the content of the nickel black-graphene composite material on the cathode;
(5) after electrodeposition is carried out for a certain time, the nickel black-graphene photo-thermal conversion film is fully cleaned in deionized water, and is dried for 12 hours in a 60 ℃ oven after being taken out.
2. The method for preparing a nickel black-graphene photo-thermal conversion film according to claim 1, wherein graphene and nickel black are simultaneously deposited on a cathode by a one-step electrochemical method;
the concentration of ammonium sulfate in the step (1) is 0-0.2M, and the concentration of nickel sulfate is 0-0.08M;
the electrode distance in the step (2) is 0.5-2 cm;
the voltage range in the step (3) is 5-15V;
and (4) the deposition time in the step (4) is 5-40 min.
3. The nickel black-graphene composite photothermal conversion film obtained by the preparation method according to claim 1 is applied to seawater desalination and other water treatment directions.
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| US20190119115A1 (en) * | 2016-02-17 | 2019-04-25 | Metalysis Limited | Methods of making graphene materials |
| CN113292140A (en) * | 2021-06-28 | 2021-08-24 | 长春工业大学 | Preparation method and application of nitrogen-doped titanium dioxide particle-loaded graphene-nickel foam membrane electrode |
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Patent Citations (7)
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| CN104505497A (en) * | 2014-12-12 | 2015-04-08 | 盐城市新能源化学储能与动力电源研究中心 | Graphene nickel composite material and graphene nickel carbon electrode prepared by using same |
| CN104817143A (en) * | 2015-04-05 | 2015-08-05 | 北京化工大学 | Ion exchange membrane composite multi-electrode capacitance adsorption desalting apparatus |
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