CN114000000A - Casting method of aluminum-magnesium-scandium alloy - Google Patents
Casting method of aluminum-magnesium-scandium alloy Download PDFInfo
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- CN114000000A CN114000000A CN202111293978.8A CN202111293978A CN114000000A CN 114000000 A CN114000000 A CN 114000000A CN 202111293978 A CN202111293978 A CN 202111293978A CN 114000000 A CN114000000 A CN 114000000A
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- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 55
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 47
- -1 aluminum-magnesium-scandium Chemical compound 0.000 title claims abstract description 15
- 229910000542 Sc alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 13
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 110
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 110
- 238000003723 Smelting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 36
- 238000007670 refining Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 229910018580 Al—Zr Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 229910018167 Al—Be Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- QQHSIRTYSFLSRM-UHFFFAOYSA-N alumanylidynechromium Chemical compound [Al].[Cr] QQHSIRTYSFLSRM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 18
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 claims description 13
- 229910018131 Al-Mn Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910018461 Al—Mn Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910018575 Al—Ti Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 14
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 14
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 abstract description 12
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 22
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 description 18
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 16
- 229910052706 scandium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 14
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 14
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 13
- 229910018134 Al-Mg Inorganic materials 0.000 description 10
- 229910018467 Al—Mg Inorganic materials 0.000 description 10
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000005728 strengthening Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 4
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- WNROFYMDJYEPJX-UHFFFAOYSA-K aluminium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[Al+3] WNROFYMDJYEPJX-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 3
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000013329 compounding Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000004907 flux Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 235000013619 trace mineral Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 239000011573 trace mineral Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000265 homogenisation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010309 melting process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001953 recrystallisation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000003892 spreading Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007480 spreading Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005275 alloying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000001805 chlorine compounds Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000295 emission spectrum Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002401 inhibitory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002344 surface layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003313 weakening effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 description 1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
- C22C1/02—Making non-ferrous alloys by melting
- C22C1/03—Making non-ferrous alloys by melting using master alloys
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
- C22C1/02—Making non-ferrous alloys by melting
- C22C1/026—Alloys based on aluminium
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C21/00—Alloys based on aluminium
- C22C21/06—Alloys based on aluminium with magnesium as the next major constituent
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C21/00—Alloys based on aluminium
- C22C21/06—Alloys based on aluminium with magnesium as the next major constituent
- C22C21/08—Alloys based on aluminium with magnesium as the next major constituent with silicon
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Manufacture And Refinement Of Metals (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides a casting method of an aluminum-magnesium-scandium alloy, which comprises the following steps: the method comprises the steps of material preparation, smelting, refining and casting in sequence. According to the invention, by optimizing the adding mode and temperature of alloy elements, Al-Sc intermediate alloy and Al-Zr intermediate alloy are added after aluminum is hydrated, the smelting temperature is 800 ℃, and then other cold materials such as Al-4Ti blocks, Zn ingots, Al-Be intermediate alloy, Al-Cr intermediate alloy and Mg ingots are added, so that the smelting temperature is reduced and kept within the range of 750-760 ℃ of the conventional smelting temperature; in the casting process, the water flow and the casting speed are properly increased; the ingot prepared by the method provided by the invention has fine grain structure, and no primary compound in the microstructure.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of alloys, and particularly relates to a casting method of an aluminum-magnesium-scandium alloy.
Background
The Al-Mg alloy has medium strength, good corrosion resistance and weldability, but the development of the Al-Mg alloy is limited by the characteristic of poor strong plastic fit, and the Al-Mg alloy puts higher requirements on the strength of the Al-Mg alloy along with the development of aerospace, aviation and ship technologies. Recent researches show that Sc is the alloying element discovered to date and most effective for aluminum alloy, trace Sc is added into the aluminum alloy, the strength, the plasticity, the welding performance, the corrosion resistance and the like of the alloy can be obviously improved, and the Sc, the Zr and the Ti are added in a compounding manner, so that the addition of the Sc can be reduced, and the method is an effective way for saving the cost and greatly improving the strong plasticity; however, with the addition of transition group elements such as Sc, Zr, Ti, etc., primary compounds can be formed in the ingot structure, which affects the performance of the alloy, and limits the popularization and application of the aluminum-magnesium-scandium alloy.
The Al-Mg alloy has medium strength and good corrosion resistance and weldability, but can be completely recrystallized when being annealed at low temperature, so that the strength is sharply reduced, the strength of the alloy can be obviously improved by compositely adding Sc, Zr and Ti into the Al-Mg alloy, and the improvement of the alloy strength mainly comes from 3 aspects: firstly, fine crystal strengthening is generated by primary Al (Sc, Zr and Ti) particles; secondly, secondary Al (Sc, Zr, Ti) particles are precipitated in the homogenization process to generate dispersion strengthening; thirdly, Al (Sc, Zr, Ti) particles inhibit substructure strengthening and the like caused by recrystallization in the subsequent processing heat treatment process; three trace elements of Sc, Zr and Ti are added in a compounding way, and a primary compound can be formed in the casting process, so that the performance of the alloy is negatively influenced, and the popularization and the application of the aluminum-magnesium-scandium alloy are limited.
At present, in order to solve the problem that trace elements of Sc, Zr and Ti which are compounded and added into Al-Mg alloy form primary compounds in the casting process, the main method is to reduce the content of three trace elements of Sc, Zr and Ti. However, the reduction of the element content can lead to the weakening of the refining effect of the crystal grain structure of the cast ingot, and the dispersion strengthening generated by the precipitation of Al (Sc, Zr, Ti) particles in the homogenization process and the capability of inhibiting recrystallization in the subsequent processing heat treatment process are weakened, so that the material strength is low, and the use requirement cannot be met.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the present invention aims to provide a method for casting an aluminum-magnesium-scandium alloy, which can not only meet the requirement of material grain refinement, but also solve the problem of formation of primary compounds in an ingot structure.
The invention provides an aluminum-magnesium-scandium alloy casting method, which comprises the following steps:
sequentially carrying out material preparation, smelting, refining and casting;
in the smelting process, firstly adding an Al ingot and an Al-Mn intermediate alloy for heating and melting, and then sequentially adding an Al-Sc intermediate alloy and an Al-Zr intermediate alloy; and finally adding Al-Ti intermediate alloy, Zn ingot, Al-Be intermediate alloy, Al-Cr intermediate alloy and Mg ingot.
Preferably, the ingredients of the ingredient comprise:
Mg：4.0％～5.0wt％，
Mn：0.4％～1.0wt％，
Sc：0.15％～0.25wt％，
Zr：0.05％～0.15wt％，
Cr：0.05％～0.15wt％，
Zn：0.05％～0.15wt％，
Ti：0.05％～0.15wt％，
Be：0.0008～0.0012wt％，
Si：＜0.1wt％，
Fe：＜0.1wt％，
Cu：＜0.1wt％，
the balance being Al.
Preferably, the heating and melting temperature is 780-800 ℃.
Preferably, the temperature of the added Al-Sc master alloy is 790-810 ℃.
Preferably, the smelting temperature is 750-760 ℃.
Preferably, the temperature of the refining is 740 to 750 ℃.
Preferably, the refining time is 13-17 minutes.
Preferably, the casting temperature is 750-760 ℃.
Preferably, the water flow in the casting process is 26-30 m3/h。
Preferably, the casting speed is 90-95 mm/min.
In the process of smelting Al-Mg series alloy in the prior art, except that Mg ingot and Al-Be intermediate alloy are added after aluminum is leveled, Zn ingot, Al-4Ti block, Al-Mn intermediate alloy, Al-Sc intermediate alloy, Al-Zr intermediate alloy and Al-Cr intermediate alloy are heated and melted along with a furnace, the smelting temperature is lower than 760 ℃, and all transition group elements can fully react in the smelting process. According to the invention, by optimizing the adding mode and temperature of alloy elements, firstly, Al-Sc intermediate alloy and Al-Zr intermediate alloy are added after the aluminum hydrate is leveled, the smelting temperature is 800 ℃, and then, other cold materials Al-4Ti block, Zn ingot, Al-Be intermediate alloy, Al-Cr intermediate alloy and Mg ingot are added, so that the smelting temperature is reduced and kept within the range of the conventional smelting temperature of 750-760 ℃; in the casting process, the water flow and the casting speed are properly increased; the ingot prepared by the method provided by the invention has fine grain structure, and no primary compound in the microstructure.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a microstructure of an alloy prepared in comparative example 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a macrostructure diagram of an alloy prepared in example 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a microstructure of an alloy prepared in example 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a microstructure of an alloy prepared in example 1 of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
The invention provides an aluminum-magnesium-scandium alloy casting method, which comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the steps of material preparation, smelting, refining and casting in sequence.
In the present invention, the aluminum magnesium scandium alloy preferably includes:
Mg：4.4％～4.8wt％，
Mn：0.6％～0.7wt％，
Sc：0.18％～0.22wt％，
Zr：0.08％～0.12wt％，
Cr：0.08％～0.12wt％，
Zn：0.08％～0.12wt％，
Ti：0.08％～0.12wt％，
Be：0.0009～0.0011wt％，
Si：＜0.1wt％，
Fe：＜0.1wt％，
Cu：＜0.1wt％，
the balance being Al.
In the invention, the mass content of Mg is preferably 4.5-4.7%, and more preferably 4.6%; the mass content of Mn is preferably 0.63-0.67%, more preferably 0.65%; the mass content of Sc is preferably 0.19-0.21%, and more preferably 0.2%; the mass content of Zr is preferably 0.09-0.11%, and more preferably 0.1%; the mass content of Cr is preferably 0.09-0.11%, and more preferably 0.1%; the mass content of Zn is preferably 0.09-0.11%, and more preferably 0.1%; the mass content of Ti is preferably 0.09-0.11%, and more preferably 0.1%; the content of Be by mass is preferably 0.001%.
In the present invention, it is preferable that the aluminum-magnesium-scandium alloy contains less than or equal to 0.05 wt% of individual impurities and less than or equal to 0.15 wt% in total.
In the present invention, the raw materials of the ingredients preferably include:
pure aluminum ingot, Mg ingot, Zn ingot, Al-Ti intermediate alloy, Al-Mn intermediate alloy, Al-Sc intermediate alloy, Al-Zr intermediate alloy, Al-Cr intermediate alloy and Al-Be intermediate alloy.
In the invention, the mass content of Al in the pure aluminum ingot is preferably more than or equal to 99.95%.
In the invention, the mass content of Ti in the Al-Ti intermediate alloy is preferably 3-5%, and more preferably 4%.
In the present invention, the ingredients of the ingredient preferably include:
Mg：4.0％～5.0wt％，
Mn：0.4％～1.0wt％，
Sc：0.15％～0.25wt％，
Zr：0.05％～0.15wt％，
Cr：0.05％～0.15wt％，
Zn：0.05％～0.15wt％，
Ti：0.05％～0.15wt％，
Be：0.0008～0.0012wt％，
Si：＜0.1wt％，
Fe：＜0.1wt％，
Cu：＜0.1wt％，
the balance being Al.
In the invention, the mass content of Mg is preferably 4.3-4.7%, and more preferably 4.5%; the mass content of Mn is preferably 0.5-0.9%, more preferably 0.6-0.8%, and most preferably 0.7%; the mass content of Sc is preferably 0.18-0.22%, and more preferably 0.2%; the mass content of Zr is preferably 0.08-0.12%, and more preferably 0.1%; the mass content of Cr is preferably 0.08-0.12%, and more preferably 0.1%; the mass content of Zn is preferably 0.08-0.12%, and more preferably 0.1%; the mass content of Ti is preferably 0.08-0.12%, and more preferably 0.1%; the content of Be by mass is preferably 0.001%.
In the present invention, the ingredients of the formulation preferably have less than or equal to 0.05 wt% of individual impurities and less than or equal to 0.15 wt% in total.
In the present invention, the smelting process preferably includes:
charging a pure aluminum ingot and an Al-Mn intermediate alloy, covering by using a fusing agent, heating and melting, and slagging off after furnace burden is basically leveled; then adding Al-Sc intermediate alloy and stirring; then adding Al-Zr intermediate alloy and stirring; and finally, adding Al-Ti intermediate alloy, Zn ingot, Al-Be intermediate alloy, Al-Cr intermediate alloy and Mg ingot, adjusting the melt temperature to the smelting temperature, covering by using a fusing agent, completely melting, and then fully slagging off.
In the invention, pure aluminum ingots and Al-Mn intermediate alloy are preferably uniformly loaded on the upper layer of the furnace burden in the charging process.
In the present invention, the flux is preferably chloride-containing.
In the invention, the heating and melting temperature is preferably 780-800 ℃, more preferably 785-795 ℃, and most preferably 790 ℃.
In the invention, the slag removing process is preferably fully stirred.
In the invention, the addition temperature of the Al-Sc master alloy is preferably 790-810 ℃, more preferably 795-805 ℃, and most preferably 800 ℃.
In the present invention, it is preferable to stir the mixture after the Al-Sc master alloy is added and the mixture is allowed to stand.
In the invention, the standing time is preferably 10-20 minutes, more preferably 13-17 minutes, and most preferably 15 minutes; the stirring time is preferably 1 to 3 minutes, more preferably 1.5 to 2.5 minutes, and most preferably 2 minutes.
In the present invention, it is preferable to stir the mixture after the Al-Zr intermediate alloy is added and the mixture is allowed to stand.
In the invention, the standing time is preferably 10-20 minutes, more preferably 13-17 minutes, and most preferably 15 minutes; the stirring time is preferably 1 to 3 minutes, more preferably 1.5 to 2.5 minutes, and most preferably 2 minutes.
In the present invention, the addition of the Mg ingot is preferably performed by pressing or burying the Mg ingot into the melt.
In the invention, the smelting temperature is preferably 750-760 ℃, more preferably 753-757 ℃, and most preferably 755 ℃.
In the present invention, it is preferable to sufficiently stir the slag in the slag-off process.
In the invention, the refining temperature is preferably 740-750 ℃, more preferably 743-747 ℃, and most preferably 745 ℃; the refining is preferably carried out under high purity argon; the refining time is preferably 13 to 17 minutes, more preferably 14 to 16 minutes, and most preferably 15 minutes.
In the present invention, the refining preferably further comprises, after completion of the refining:
the obtained melt was allowed to stand and adjusted to the casting temperature.
In the invention, the standing time is preferably 10-15 min, more preferably 11-14 min, and most preferably 12-13 min.
In the invention, the casting temperature is preferably 750-760 ℃, more preferably 753-757 ℃, and most preferably 755 ℃; the water flow in the casting process is preferably26～30m3More preferably 27 to 29m3H, most preferably 28m3H; the casting speed is preferably 90-95 mm/min, more preferably 91-94 mm/min, and most preferably 92-93 mm/min.
In the present invention, a grain refiner is preferably added during the casting process; the grain refiner is preferably Al-5 Ti-1B; the addition amount of the grain refiner is preferably 1-2 Kg/t, more preferably 1.3-1.5 Kg/t, and most preferably 1.5 Kg/t.
In the present invention, in-line filtration is preferably employed during the casting process; the online filtration is preferably single-stage filtration by adopting a ceramic plate; the ceramic plate is preferably 40 ppi.
In the present invention, the diameter of the cast rod obtained after the casting is preferably 162 mm; the length is preferably 2000 mm.
In the process of smelting Al-Mg series alloy in the prior art, except that Mg ingot and Al-Be intermediate alloy are added after aluminum is leveled, Zn ingot, Al-4Ti block, Al-Mn intermediate alloy, Al-Sc intermediate alloy, Al-Zr intermediate alloy and Al-Cr intermediate alloy are heated and melted along with a furnace, the smelting temperature is lower than 760 ℃, and all transition group elements can fully react in the smelting process. According to the invention, by optimizing the adding mode and temperature of alloy elements, firstly, Al-Sc intermediate alloy and Al-Zr intermediate alloy are added after the aluminum hydrate is leveled, the smelting temperature is 800 ℃, and then, other cold materials Al-4Ti block, Zn ingot, Al-Be intermediate alloy, Al-Cr intermediate alloy and Mg ingot are added, so that the smelting temperature is reduced and kept within the range of the conventional smelting temperature of 750-760 ℃; in the casting process, the water flow and the casting speed are properly increased; the ingot prepared by the method provided by the invention has fine grain structure, and no primary compound in the microstructure.
Comparative example 1
Casting is carried out according to the following process route:
burdening → smelting → standing → refining → casting
Preparing materials: mg: 4.6 wt%, Mn: 0.65 wt%, Sc: 0.2 wt%, Zr: 0.1 wt%, Cr: 0.1 wt%, Zn: 0.1 wt%, Ti: 0.1 wt%, Be: 0.001 wt%, Si: < 0.1 wt%, Fe: < 0.1 wt%, Cu: less than 0.1 wt%, and the balance being Al.
According to the alloy component target value requirements, weighing Al99.95wt% pure aluminum ingot, Mg ingot, Zn ingot, Al-4 wt% Ti block, aluminum-based Mn agent (Al-Mn intermediate alloy), Al-Sc intermediate alloy, Al-Zr intermediate alloy, Al-Cr intermediate alloy and Al-Be intermediate alloy.
Smelting: charging an aluminum ingot, an Al-Zr intermediate alloy, an Al-4 wt% Ti block, an Al-Cr intermediate alloy, an Al-Sc intermediate alloy, a Zn ingot and an aluminum-based Mn agent into a furnace, and heating and melting at the melting temperature of 760 ℃; mg ingots and Al-Be intermediate alloy are not loaded with furnace materials; after the furnace burden is melted flat, stirring and slagging off are carried out; controlling the temperature of the melt at 760 ℃ to carry out a converter, and uniformly adding Mg ingots and Al-Be intermediate alloy into a flow conversion groove.
Refining: and (3) refining the melt by adopting high-purity argon when the temperature of the melt is adjusted to 740 ℃, wherein the refining time is 10 minutes, the melt is kept stand for 10-15 minutes, the temperature of the melt is adjusted to the casting temperature, and the casting is prepared.
Casting: the melt temperature is 740 ℃, and the water flow is 30m3Casting at a casting speed of 90 mm/min; during the casting process, Al-5Ti-1B filament grain refiner is added on line according to 1.5Kg/t, the melt is filtered on line by adopting a 40ppi ceramic plate single-stage filtration, and finally the round cast ingot with phi 162mm multiplied by 2000mm is obtained.
According to GB/T7999 'analysis method for photoelectric direct-reading emission spectra of aluminum and aluminum alloy', the ingot prepared in comparative example 1 of the invention is subjected to component detection, and the detection result is as follows: mg: 4.52 wt%, Mn: 0.67 wt%, Sc: 0.21 wt%, Zr: 0.1 wt%, Cr: 0.1 wt%, Zn: 0.1 wt%, Ti: 0.1 wt%, Be: 0.001 wt%, Si: 0.02 wt%, Fe: 0.05 wt%, Cu: 0.03 wt%, and the balance of Al.
The microstructure of the ingot prepared in comparative example 1 of the present invention is shown in fig. 1, and the spherical primary compound is present in a large amount in the ingot structure.
Example 1
Casting is carried out according to the following process route:
burdening → smelting → standing → refining → casting
Preparing materials: mg: 4.6 wt%, Mn: 0.65 wt%, Sc: 0.2 wt%, Zr: 0.1 wt%, Cr: 0.1 wt%, Zn: 0.1 wt%, Ti: 0.1 wt%, Be: 0.001 wt%, Si: < 0.1 wt%, Fe: < 0.1 wt%, Cu: less than 0.1 wt%, and the balance being Al.
Weighing Al99.95 pure aluminum ingot, Mg ingot, Zn ingot, Al-4Ti block, Al-Mn intermediate alloy, Al-Sc intermediate alloy, Al-Zr intermediate alloy, Al-Cr intermediate alloy and Al-Be intermediate alloy according to the alloy component target value requirement.
Smelting: charging Al99.95 and Al-Mn intermediate alloy into a furnace, spreading flux powder to cover, heating and melting, wherein the melting temperature is 800 ℃, and fully stirring and slagging off after furnace charge is basically leveled; adding Al-Sc intermediate alloy when the temperature of the solution reaches 800 ℃, fully stirring for 2 minutes after 15 minutes after adding the Al-Sc intermediate alloy, adding the Al-Zr intermediate alloy after stirring, and fully stirring for 2 minutes after 15 minutes; adding other cold materials such as Al-4Ti blocks, Zn ingots, Al-Be intermediate alloy, Al-Cr intermediate alloy and Mg ingots uniformly, pressing or embedding the Mg ingots into a smelting furnace when the Mg ingots are added into the smelting furnace, adjusting the temperature of the melt to 760 ℃, spreading flux powder to cover, fully stirring and slagging off after the melt is completely melted.
Refining: and (3) refining the melt by adopting high-purity argon when the temperature of the melt is adjusted to 750 ℃, wherein the refining time is 10 minutes, the melt is kept stand for 10-15 minutes, and the temperature of the melt is adjusted to the casting temperature to prepare for casting.
Casting: at a melt temperature of 750 ℃ and a water flow of 30m3Casting at a casting speed of 90 mm/min; during the casting process, Al-5Ti-1B filament grain refiner is added on line according to 1.5Kg/t, the melt is filtered on line by adopting a 40ppi ceramic plate for single-stage filtration, and finally the cast rod with the diameter of 162mm multiplied by 2000mm is obtained.
The ingot prepared in example 1 was subjected to component detection by the method of comparative example 1, and the detection results were: mg: 4.63 wt%, Mn: 0.657 wt%, Sc: 0.21 wt%, Zr: 0.09 wt%, Cr: 0.1 wt%, Zn: 0.11 wt%, Ti: 0.1 wt%, Be: 0.001 wt%, Si: 0.03 wt%, Fe: 0.06 wt%, Cu: 0.03 wt%, and the balance of Al.
Macrostructure and microstructure detection is carried out on the alloy prepared in the example 1, as shown in fig. 2-4, the aluminum-magnesium-scandium alloy round ingot prepared in the example 1 is added with three microelements of Sc, Zr and Ti in a compounding manner, a casting process is optimized, the macrostructure of the ingot is uniform and fine, and the depth of a surface layer defect is only 2 mm; the microstructure is shown in fig. 3 and 4, the primary compounds are not seen in the microstructure, the microstructure is fine and isometric, the average grain size is less than 60 micrometers, and the purpose of refining grains is achieved.
Comparative example 1 is a traditional ingot casting process (raw materials are added along with a furnace, the melting temperature is 750-760 ℃), and nascent compounds are formed in the structure; compared with the traditional process, the embodiment 1 optimizes the addition mode of the raw materials, improves the addition temperature of Al-Zr and Al-Sc to 800 ℃, then adds other cold materials to adjust the smelting temperature to the conventional casting temperature of 750-760 ℃, fully melts the Al-Zr and the Al-Sc, reduces the residence time of the Al-Zr and the Al-Sc in the furnace, and solves the problem of primary compounds in ingot casting tissues.
From the above examples, it can Be seen that, in the melting process of the Al-Mg series alloy prepared by the prior art, except that the Mg ingot and the Al-Be intermediate alloy are added after the aluminum is hydrated, the Zn ingot, the Al-4Ti block, the Al-Mn intermediate alloy, the Al-Sc intermediate alloy, the Al-Zr intermediate alloy and the Al-Cr intermediate alloy are all heated and melted along with the furnace, the melting temperature is lower than 760 ℃, and each transition group element can fully react in the melting process. According to the invention, by optimizing the adding mode and temperature of alloy elements, firstly, Al-Sc intermediate alloy and Al-Zr intermediate alloy are added after the aluminum hydrate is leveled, the smelting temperature is 800 ℃, and then, other cold materials Al-4Ti block, Zn ingot, Al-Be intermediate alloy, Al-Cr intermediate alloy and Mg ingot are added, so that the smelting temperature is reduced and kept within the range of the conventional smelting temperature of 750-760 ℃; in the casting process, the water flow and the casting speed are properly increased; the ingot prepared by the method provided by the invention has fine grain structure, and no primary compound in the microstructure.
While the invention has been described and illustrated with reference to specific embodiments thereof, such description and illustration are not intended to limit the invention. It will be clearly understood by those skilled in the art that various changes in form and details may be made therein without departing from the true spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims, to adapt a particular situation, material, composition of matter, substance, method or process to the objective, spirit and scope of this application. All such modifications are intended to be within the scope of the claims appended hereto. Although the methods disclosed herein have been described with reference to particular operations performed in a particular order, it should be understood that these operations may be combined, sub-divided, or reordered to form equivalent methods without departing from the teachings of the present disclosure. Accordingly, unless specifically indicated herein, the order and grouping of the operations is not a limitation of the present application.
Claims (10)
1. An aluminum-magnesium-scandium alloy casting method comprises the following steps:
sequentially carrying out material preparation, smelting, refining and casting;
in the smelting process, firstly adding an Al ingot and an Al-Mn intermediate alloy for heating and melting, and then sequentially adding an Al-Sc intermediate alloy and an Al-Zr intermediate alloy; and finally adding Al-Ti intermediate alloy, Zn ingot, Al-Be intermediate alloy, Al-Cr intermediate alloy and Mg ingot.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the ingredients of the furnish comprise:
Mg：4.0％～5.0wt％，
Mn：0.4％～1.0wt％，
Sc：0.15％～0.25wt％，
Zr：0.05％～0.15wt％，
Cr：0.05％～0.15wt％，
Zn：0.05％～0.15wt％，
Ti：0.05％～0.15wt％，
Be：0.0008～0.0012wt％，
Si：＜0.1wt％，
Fe：＜0.1wt％，
Cu：＜0.1wt％，
the balance being Al.
3. The method according to claim 1, wherein the temperature of the heat melting is 780-800 ℃.
4. The method according to claim 1, wherein the temperature of the Al-Sc master alloy is 790 to 810 ℃.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein the temperature of the smelting is 750-760 ℃.
6. The method of claim 1, wherein the temperature of the refining is 740 ℃ to 750 ℃.
7. The method of claim 1, wherein the refining time is 13 to 17 minutes.
8. The method according to claim 1, wherein the casting temperature is 750-760 ℃.
9. The method according to claim 1, wherein the water flow rate in the casting process is 26-30 m3/h。
10. The method of claim 1, wherein the casting speed is 90-95 mm/min.
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