CN114046897A - double-F-shaped fiber grating temperature sensor - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种双F形光纤光栅温度传感器，包括两个F形结构件和光纤，两个F形结构件的热膨胀系数不同，两个F形结构件呈中心对称布置，且两个F形结构件的中部固定连接，每个F形结构件的首端横梁和另一个F形结构件的尾端之间形成缺口，光纤设有第一光纤光栅和第二光纤光栅，第一光纤光栅和第二光纤光栅分别位于两个缺口处，光纤光栅两侧的光纤分别和一个F形结构件的首端横梁、另一个F形结构件的尾端固定连接。两个F形结构件具有较大的热膨胀系数差，将温度引起的两个F结构件的相对位移变化转换为光纤光栅的应变变化，提高了温度传感器的灵敏度；当温度升高与降低时，各用一个光纤光栅的中心波长变化来进行检测，测量范围增大一倍。
The invention discloses a double F-shaped optical fiber grating temperature sensor, comprising two F-shaped structural parts and optical fibers, the thermal expansion coefficients of the two F-shaped structural parts are different, the two F-shaped structural parts are arranged symmetrically in the center, and the two F-shaped structural parts are arranged symmetrically in the center. The middle of the F-shaped structural member is fixedly connected, and a gap is formed between the beam at the head end of each F-shaped structural member and the tail end of the other F-shaped structural member. The optical fiber is provided with a first fiber grating and a second fiber grating. The first fiber grating The fiber grating and the second fiber grating are respectively located at two notches, and the optical fibers on both sides of the fiber grating are respectively fixedly connected to the beam at the head end of one F-shaped structural member and the tail end of the other F-shaped structural member. The two F-shaped structural parts have a large difference in thermal expansion coefficient, which converts the relative displacement change of the two F-shaped structural parts caused by temperature into the strain change of the fiber grating, which improves the sensitivity of the temperature sensor; when the temperature increases and decreases, the The center wavelength change of one fiber grating is used for detection, and the measurement range is doubled.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of optical sensing, in particular to a double-F-shaped fiber grating temperature sensor.
Background
At present, the most common temperature measurement is the electrical temperature sensor, typically thermocouple and thermistor temperature sensor, but these sensors have the disadvantages of being susceptible to electromagnetic interference, poor in measurement accuracy, short in service life, incapable of long-distance transmission, incapable of series networking and the like. The fiber grating temperature sensor has the advantages of electromagnetic interference resistance, corrosion resistance, high sensitivity, strong multiplexing capability, small volume, light weight, easy embedding in materials and the like, so that the fiber grating temperature sensor has attracted extensive attention and great interest.
The fiber grating has temperature sensitivity of about 10 pm/DEG C without any package sensitization. The temperature sensor based on the bare fiber grating has low temperature measurement sensitivity because of the limitation of the wavelength detection precision of the current signal demodulation instrument. Therefore, people continuously research methods for improving the temperature measurement sensitivity of the fiber bragg grating, and currently, commonly used sensitivity enhancement methods of the fiber bragg grating temperature sensor include single metal substrate packaging, polymer packaging, double metal substrate packaging and the like. The single metal substrate encapsulation is to fix all or two points of the fiber grating on the surface of the metal substrate with higher thermal expansion coefficient, but the sensitization effect is limited, and the manufactured fiber grating temperature sensor is about 3 times of that of a bare fiber grating. Compared with metal substrate packaging, the fiber grating temperature sensor manufactured by the polymer packaging has higher sensitivity due to larger thermal expansion coefficient, but most polymer materials have glass transition temperature, and the thermal expansion coefficient, the elastic modulus and the like of the polymer packaging are greatly changed after the temperature is higher than the glass transition temperature, so that the application range of the fiber grating temperature sensor is greatly limited. In order to further improve the sensitivity of the fiber grating temperature sensor, researchers in recent years propose a method for packaging a bimetal substrate, for example, chinese patent inventions with patent numbers CN202010954557.4, CN201910713117.7 and CN200710178947.1 all use a bimetal as a core component, and realize high-sensitivity measurement of temperature through different structural designs. However, the proposed methods based on the bi-metal substrate packaging have high sensitivity, but the temperature measurement range is only a few degrees centigrade; or, although the range is large, the sensitivity is not high and the fiber grating chirp is easily caused.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to: aiming at the problem that the fiber grating temperature sensor in the prior art is difficult to realize wide range and high sensitivity at the same time, the double-F-shaped fiber grating temperature sensor is provided, and has the advantages of simple structure, wide range and high sensitivity.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the technical scheme that:
a double-F-shaped fiber bragg grating temperature sensor comprises two F-shaped structural members and optical fibers, wherein the two F-shaped structural members have different thermal expansion coefficients and are arranged in a central symmetry manner, the middle parts of the two F-shaped structural members are fixedly connected, a gap is formed between the head end beam of each F-shaped structural member and the tail end of the other F-shaped structural member, the optical fiber is provided with a first fiber grating and a second fiber grating which are respectively positioned at the two notches, the optical fibers on two sides of the first fiber bragg grating are respectively fixedly connected with the head end beam of one F-shaped structural member and the tail end of the other F-shaped structural member, and the optical fibers on two sides of the second fiber bragg grating are respectively and fixedly connected with the tail end of one F-shaped structural member and the head end beam of the other F-shaped structural member.
The two F-shaped structural members have larger thermal expansion coefficient difference, and the relative displacement change of the two F-shaped structural members caused by temperature is converted into the strain change of the fiber bragg grating packaged on the two F-shaped structural members, so that the sensitivity of the fiber bragg grating temperature sensor is greatly improved. When the temperature rises and falls, the central wavelength of one fiber grating is used for detection, so that the measuring range of the temperature sensor is doubled compared with that of a conventional temperature sensor.
As a preferable scheme of the present invention, the lengths of the two gaps are equal, and the lengths of the gate regions of the first fiber grating and the second fiber grating are equal and smaller than the length of the gap, that is, the first fiber grating and the second fiber grating are in a suspended state.
As a preferable scheme of the present invention, the length of the gate region of the first fiber grating and the second fiber grating is less than 5mm, and the fiber grating has the characteristics of short gate region and high tensile strength.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the difference between the center wavelengths of the first fiber grating and the second fiber grating is at least 5 nm.
As a preferable embodiment of the present invention, the optical fiber inscribes the first fiber grating and the second fiber grating by a femtosecond laser without peeling off a coating layer.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the optical fiber is fixed to the F-shaped structural member by means of adhesive bonding or low-temperature glass welding after being tightened by applying a pre-stress.
As a preferable scheme of the invention, the middle cross beams of the two F-shaped structural members are fixedly connected through a threaded fastener.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the two F-shaped structural members have the same shape and size.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, one of the two F-shaped structural members is an invar structural member, and the other is an aluminum alloy structural member or a stainless steel structural member. Of course, the two F-shaped structural members may be made of other materials having a large difference in thermal expansion coefficient.
In summary, due to the adoption of the technical scheme, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the two F-shaped structural members have larger thermal expansion coefficient difference, and the relative displacement change of the two F-shaped structural members caused by temperature is converted into the strain change of the fiber bragg grating packaged on the two F-shaped structural members, so that the sensitivity of the fiber bragg grating temperature sensor is greatly improved. When the temperature rises and falls, the central wavelength of one fiber grating is used for detection, so that the measuring range of the temperature sensor is doubled compared with that of a conventional temperature sensor.
2. The temperature rise and the temperature drop of the invention are respectively measured by adopting the fiber gratings fixed at different positions of the same structure, and no matter the temperature rise or the temperature drop, the central wavelength of one fiber grating in a working state is always increased, namely the fiber grating is lengthened. The invention adopts a two-point fixing mode, and effectively avoids the chirp problem of the fully-adhesive fiber grating temperature sensor.
3. The temperature sensor has the advantages of simple structure, easy processing and convenient packaging.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a double F-shaped fiber grating temperature sensor according to the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a top view of a double F-shaped fiber grating temperature sensor according to the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a schematic structural view of an F-shaped structural member according to the present invention.
The figure shows 1-an F-shaped structural member, 11-a head end beam, 12-a tail end, 13-a middle beam, 2-an optical fiber, 3-a notch, 4-a first fiber grating, 5-a second fiber grating, and 6-a threaded fastener.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.
Example 1
As shown in fig. 1-3, a first fiber grating 4 and a second fiber grating 5 written on the same optical fiber 2 are respectively packaged between two adjacent pairs of end points of two F-shaped structural members 1 after being slightly prestressed, so as to form a double-F-shaped fiber grating temperature sensor. The difference of the thermal expansion coefficients of the two F-shaped structural members 1 is large, the two F-shaped structural members 1 are arranged in a central symmetry manner, the middle parts of the two F-shaped structural members 1 are fixedly connected, a gap 3 is formed between a head end beam 11 of one F-shaped structural member 1 and a tail end 12 of the other F-shaped structural member 1, and the first fiber bragg grating 4 and the second fiber bragg grating 5 are respectively suspended in the air at the gap 3.
When the temperature of the environment where the sensor is located changes, on one hand, the central wavelengths of the two fiber gratings are slightly changed due to the thermal expansion effect and the thermo-optic effect of the fiber materials. On the other hand, since the difference between the thermal expansion coefficients of the two F-shaped structural members 1 is large, the distance between the two adjacent pairs of end points will be lengthened or shortened, thereby tightening or loosening the fiber grating fixed therebetween, and the stress causes a large change in the center wavelength of the two fiber gratings. Compared with the conventional fiber grating temperature sensor, the unique design of the double-F structure concentrates the displacement change caused by thermal expansion and cold contraction on the shorter fiber grating, so that the wavelength of one of the two fiber gratings is inevitably changed obviously no matter the temperature is increased or reduced, and the sensitivity of the sensor is greatly improved. Meanwhile, the temperature rise and the temperature drop are respectively and independently measured by the two fiber gratings, so that the measuring range of the sensor is doubled compared with the conventional sensor.
The working principle of the present invention is explained in detail below.
When the temperature of the environment where the sensor is located rises, the first fiber grating 4 is in a working state. On the one hand, the relative wavelength shift of the center wavelengths of the first fiber grating 4 and the second fiber grating 5 is caused by the thermal expansion effect and the thermo-optic effect of the fiber material
In the formula, λBIs Bragg center wavelength of fiber grating in free state, Delta lambdaB-TIn order to shift the center wavelength of the fiber grating by Δ T due to temperature rise, ξ is the thermo-optic coefficient of the fiber material, α is the thermal expansion coefficient of the fiber material, and Δ T is the rise in temperature from the initial state.
On the other hand, since the difference between the coefficients of thermal expansion of the two F-shaped structural members 1 is large (assuming that the left F-shaped structural member 1 is made of a material having a large coefficient of thermal expansion and the right F-shaped structural member 1 is made of a material having a low coefficient of thermal expansion), as shown in fig. 1-2, the left F-shaped structural member 1 undergoes a large elongation after the temperature rises, and the right F-shaped structural member 1 undergoes a small elongation. The middle parts of the two F-shaped structural parts 1 are fixedly connected. The distance of the gap 3 between the left end of the left F-shaped structural part 1 and the left end of the right F-shaped structural part 1 in fig. 1 is increased by a value Δ L
ΔL＝(Lh×αh-Ll×αl)×ΔT
In the formula, LhAnd LlThe effective length, alpha, of the left F-shaped structural part 1 and the right F-shaped structural part 1, respectivelyhAnd alphalThe coefficients of thermal expansion of the materials of the left F-shaped structural member 1 and the right F-shaped structural member 1, respectively.
The increase in the distance between the first and second fiber gratings stretches the first fiber grating 4 fixed therebetween, causing additional strain therein. According to the sensing principle of the fiber grating for strain, the relative wavelength drift of the first fiber grating 4 caused by the axial strain is
In the formula, Δ λB-εIs the drift amount of the center wavelength of the fiber grating caused by the relative displacement of the two F-shaped structural members 1, PeffLet e be the strain of the fiber grating 4, and L be the initial distance of the notch 3 (i.e., the effective length of the fiber grating).
The relative wavelength drift amount of the first fiber grating 4 caused by the rise of the ambient temperature is the sum of the formulas (1) and (2)
In this way, by optimizing the size and material of the F-shaped structures 1, the initial minimum distance L of the gap 3 between the two F-shaped structures 1 is shortened, and the response sensitivity of the fiber grating to temperature can be greatly improved.
For the second fiber grating 5, the center wavelength of the fiber grating caused by the temperature increases as the temperature increases. However, the distance of the gap 3 between the right end of the left F-shaped structural member 1 and the right end of the right F-shaped structural member 1 is reduced, so that the prestress of the second fiber grating 5 fixed thereto is released. When the temperature is further increased to a certain value, the prestress of the second fiber grating 5 is completely released. In this process, the double F structure has no sensitizing effect on it, only a simple temperature response sensitivity.
On the contrary, when the ambient temperature is reduced, the second fiber grating 5 is in the working state, and the second fiber grating 5 will be subjected to additional strain exerted by the double-F structure in addition to the normal temperature response. But at this time, the central wavelength of the second fiber grating 5 becomes smaller due to temperature, and the strain applied by the double F structure is increased, that is, the central wavelength of the second fiber grating 5 is increased due to strain. Therefore, the relative wavelength drift of the second fiber grating 5 caused by the decrease of the ambient temperature is the difference between the formulas (1) and (2)
Since the strain response applied to the second fiber grating 5 by the temperature reduction of the double F structure is about one order of magnitude higher than the simple temperature response, the overall response sensitivity of the second fiber grating 5 to temperature is still greatly improved. Similarly, the first fiber grating 4 has only a simple temperature response sensitivity, and the double-F structure has no sensitization effect on the first fiber grating.
The two fiber gratings are used for respectively measuring the temperature decrease and increase, so that the measuring range of the double-F-shaped fiber grating temperature sensor is doubled compared with the conventional measuring range under the condition that the tensile strength of the fiber gratings is consistent.
The double-F-shaped wide-range high-sensitivity fiber grating temperature sensor is simple in structure, mainly comprises 2 fiber gratings and a double-F-shaped structure, and can be additionally provided with matched wiring terminals and protective shells according to actual installation requirements.
Example 2
In this embodiment, a structure of embodiment 1 is further described in detail, specifically, in this embodiment, the dual F-shaped fiber grating temperature sensor includes two F-shaped structural members 1, an optical fiber 2, a first fiber grating 4, a second fiber grating 5, and a threaded fastening member 6.
As shown in fig. 3, the two F-shaped structural members 1 are F-shaped structures, and have the same size, are opposite end to end, but are made of different materials. Each F-shaped structural member 1 comprises a head end beam 11, a tail end 12 and a middle beam 13, wherein the tail end refers to the tail end point of the vertical rod connecting the head end beam 11 and the middle beam 13. Gaps 3 are respectively formed between the head end beam 11 of one F-shaped structural member 1 and the tail end 12 of the other F-shaped structural member 1, and the lengths of the two gaps 3 are equal. The middle cross beams 13 of the two F-shaped structural members 1 are fixedly connected through the threaded fastening members 6.
The fiber 2 is provided with a first fiber grating 4 and a second fiber grating 5 which are not peeled off by a femtosecond laser, and the central wavelengths of the two fiber gratings have a difference of at least more than 5 nm. The grating regions of the first fiber grating 4 and the second fiber grating 5 have the same length and are smaller than the length of the notch 3, and the distance between the two fiber gratings is larger than the distance between the two notches 3. The first fiber bragg grating 4 and the second fiber bragg grating 5 are fixed between the tail end 13 of one F-shaped structural member 1 and the head end beam 11 of the other F-shaped structural member 1 in a mode of adhesive bonding or low-temperature glass welding after being slightly prestressed and tightened, and the grating area is located at the position of the gap 3 and is in a suspended state.
The left F-shaped structural member 1 in this embodiment is made of aluminum alloy and has a coefficient of thermal expansion of 2.2X 10-5The right F-shaped structural member 1 at/° C is made of invar alloy, and the thermal expansion coefficient thereof is 1.2 x 10-6V. C. As shown in fig. 2, the total width of the two F-shaped structural members 1 after being fixedly connected is equal to the maximum width of each F-shaped structural member 1, i.e., the length of the head end beam 11 in the F-shaped structural member 1. The length of the head end beam 11 is 2 times the length of the middle beam 13. The thickness of the F-shaped structural member 1 is 2mm, the length of the head end beam 11 is 6mm, the width is 5mm, the length of the middle beam 13 is 3mm, the width is 5mm, and the central distance between the head end beam 11 and the middle beam 13 is20 mm. The vertical rods of the F-shaped structural member 1 have a total length of 35mm and a width of 2mm, and are square in cross section. According to the above dimensions, the gap 3 formed between the ends of the two F-shaped structures 1 after being fixedly connected is 5mm wide.
In this embodiment, the central wavelengths of the second fiber grating 5 and the first fiber grating 4 are 1555nm and 1548nm, respectively, and the thermo-optic coefficient of the optical fiber 2 is 6.34 × 10-6/° C, coefficient of thermal expansion of 0.55X 10-6If the effective elasto-optical coefficient is 0.22 per DEG C, the sensitivity of the double-F-shaped fiber grating temperature sensor is about 90pm per DEG C when the temperature rises according to the parameters; the sensitivity of the double F-shaped fiber grating temperature sensor is about 40 pm/deg.c when the temperature is lowered. The working wavelength ranges of the second fiber grating 5 and the first fiber grating 4 are conserved as 5nm, and the double-F-shaped fiber grating temperature sensor can cover a measuring range of about 170 ℃.
The distance between the head end beam 11 and the middle beam 13 and the length of the vertical rod can be changed according to the requirements of materials and temperature sensitivity, so that the sensitivity and the measuring range can be adjusted.
Example 3
In this embodiment, the left F-shaped structural member 1 is made of a stainless steel material, and the center wavelengths of the second fiber grating 5 and the first fiber grating 4 are 1550nm and 1544nm, respectively. Other components and the coupling relationship of the components are the same as those of embodiment 2.
Example 4
In this embodiment, the distance between the head end beam 11 and the middle beam 13 of the two F-shaped structural members 1 is 20mm, the total length of the vertical rod is 40mm, and the other components and the connection relationship of the components are the same as those in embodiment 2.
Example 5
In this embodiment, the left F-shaped structural member 1 is made of invar alloy, and the right F-shaped structural member 1 is made of aluminum alloy. Other components and the coupling relationship of the components are the same as those in embodiment 4.
Example 6
The thickness of the two F-shaped structural members 1 is 2.5 mm. Other components and the coupling relationship of the components are the same as those of embodiment 2.
Example 7
The thickness of the two F-shaped structural members 1 is 3 mm. Other components and the coupling relationship of the components are the same as those of embodiment 2.
Example 8
The thickness of the two F-shaped structural members 1 is 2.5 mm. Other components and the coupling relationship of the components are the same as those in embodiment 4.
Example 9
The thickness of the two F-shaped structural members 1 is 3 mm. Other components and the coupling relationship of the components are the same as those in embodiment 4.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents and improvements made within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. The utility model provides a two F shape fiber grating temperature sensor, its characterized in that includes two F shape structures (1) and optic fibre (2), two the coefficient of thermal expansion of F shape structure (1) is different, two F shape structure (1) is central symmetrical arrangement, and two the middle part fixed connection of F shape structure (1), every head end crossbeam (11) and another of F shape structure (1) form breach (3) between tail end (12) of F shape structure (1), optic fibre (2) are equipped with first fiber grating (4) and second fiber grating (5), first fiber grating (4) with second fiber grating (5) are located two respectively breach (3) department, optic fibre (2) of first fiber grating (4) both sides respectively with one head end crossbeam (11) of F shape structure (1), And the tail end (12) of the F-shaped structural member (1) is fixedly connected, and the optical fibers (2) on two sides of the second fiber grating (5) are respectively fixedly connected with the tail end (12) of the F-shaped structural member (1) and the head end beam (11) of the F-shaped structural member (1).
2. The double-F-shaped fiber grating temperature sensor according to claim 1, wherein the lengths of the two gaps (3) are equal, and the gate region lengths of the first fiber grating (4) and the second fiber grating (5) are equal and smaller than the length of the gap (3).
3. The double F-shaped fiber grating temperature sensor according to claim 1, wherein the first fiber grating (4) and the second fiber grating (5) have a grating zone length of less than 5 mm.
4. The double F-shaped fiber grating temperature sensor according to claim 1, wherein the first fiber grating (4) and the second fiber grating (5) have center wavelengths that differ by at least 5nm or more.
5. The double F-shaped fiber grating temperature sensor according to claim 1, wherein the optical fiber (2) is engraved with the first fiber grating (4) and the second fiber grating (5) by a femtosecond laser without peeling off a coating layer.
6. The double-F-shaped fiber grating temperature sensor according to claim 1, wherein the optical fiber (2) is fixed to the F-shaped structural member (1) by means of adhesive bonding or low-temperature glass welding after being tensioned by applying a pre-stress.
7. The double-F-shaped fiber grating temperature sensor according to claim 1, wherein the middle beams (13) of the two F-shaped structural members (1) are fixedly connected through threaded fasteners (6).
8. The double F-shaped fiber grating temperature sensor according to claim 1, wherein the two F-shaped structural members (1) have the same shape and size.
9. The double F-shaped fiber grating temperature sensor according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein one of the two F-shaped structural members (1) is an invar structural member, and the other is an aluminum alloy structural member or a stainless steel structural member.
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