CN114321925A - Solid recovered fuel preparation system and preparation method - Google Patents

Solid recovered fuel preparation system and preparation method Download PDF

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CN114321925A
CN114321925A CN202111397117.4A CN202111397117A CN114321925A CN 114321925 A CN114321925 A CN 114321925A CN 202111397117 A CN202111397117 A CN 202111397117A CN 114321925 A CN114321925 A CN 114321925A
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pyrolysis
garbage
flue gas
temperature flue
solid
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CN114321925B (en
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刘海威
何坤
王欢
陈宋璇
张瑛华
张文坤
谷琳
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China ENFI Engineering Corp
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China ENFI Engineering Corp
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    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E50/00Technologies for the production of fuel of non-fossil origin
    • Y02E50/30Fuel from waste, e.g. synthetic alcohol or diesel

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Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of garbage treatment, and provides a solid recovered fuel preparation system and a preparation method, wherein the treatment system comprises: the device comprises a sorting device, a pyrolysis device, a combustion reactor and a drying device, wherein high-temperature flue gas generated by the combustion reactor is conveyed to the pyrolysis device and the drying device through pipelines. The preparation method comprises the following steps: screening combustible garbage in the garbage to be treated; the combustible garbage is divided into two parts, wherein one part of the combustible garbage is used for pyrolysis treatment to generate pyrolysis gas, and then the pyrolysis gas is combusted to generate high-temperature flue gas; and (3) providing heat for the pyrolysis device and the drying device by using the high-temperature flue gas, and drying the other part of the combustible garbage to prepare the solid recovered fuel. According to the solid recovered fuel preparation system and the preparation method, an external drying heat source is not needed, and the energy recycling in the system can be realized while garbage is treated.

Description

Solid recovered fuel preparation system and preparation method
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of garbage treatment, in particular to a solid recovered fuel preparation system and a preparation method.
Background
Incineration power generation is gradually becoming the main method of garbage disposal in China as a harmless, reducing and recycling treatment mode. However, the cost of building a waste incineration power plant is high, and the waste treatment capacity is required to be of a certain scale, otherwise, the benefit is difficult to generate.
The waste incineration power plant is difficult to implement in the rural areas due to small waste treatment amount, capital pressure and the like. Therefore, many rural areas choose to land-fill the waste. However, if the landfill site is far away from the residential area, the problems of inconvenient traffic and increased transportation cost can be caused; if the landfill site is close to the residential area, the living environment nearby can be polluted. In the past, the domestic garbage in villages and towns is difficult to be fundamentally solved.
Solid Recovery Fuel (SRF) is a highly heterogeneous mixture prepared from the high calorific value fraction of non-hazardous waste. The fuel is a novel fuel following Refuse Derived Fuel (RDF), and can provide guarantee for the operation of equipment, combustion stability and low emission of pollutants. Aiming at the condition that the quantity of garbage in villages and small towns is small, a method for preparing fixed recovery fuel can be adopted for treatment.
Disclosure of Invention
The present invention has been made to solve the above-mentioned problems, and an object of the present invention is to provide a solid recovered fuel preparation system which can efficiently treat garbage and convert part of combustible therein into a solid recovered fuel while consuming relatively low energy.
In order to achieve the above object, an aspect of the present invention provides a solid recovery fuel preparation system, comprising: the method comprises the following steps: the sorting device is used for sorting the metals in the garbage to be treated; the pyrolysis device is used for receiving the garbage with preset weight or volume and carrying out pyrolysis treatment to generate pyrolysis gas and pyrolysis slag; the combustion reactor is used for receiving the pyrolysis gas and/or the pyrolysis slag and combusting the pyrolysis gas and/or the pyrolysis slag to generate high-temperature flue gas; the drying device is used for receiving the high-temperature flue gas and the garbage with preset weight or volume, and drying the received garbage into solid recovered fuel by using the heat of the high-temperature flue gas; and the pipeline for conveying the high-temperature flue gas is also connected with the pyrolysis device and used for providing heat for the pyrolysis device.
Preferably, the high-temperature flue gas flows through the pyrolysis device and the drying device in sequence.
Preferably, the method further comprises the following steps: and the smoke purification device is used for purifying the high-temperature smoke after heat exchange.
Preferably, the periphery of the pyrolysis device is provided with a heat exchange device, one end of the heat exchange device is connected with the high-temperature flue gas, and the other end of the heat exchange device is connected with the drying device.
Preferably, the method further comprises the following steps: and the solid recovery fuel storage is connected with the drying device through a conveying belt so as to receive and store the solid recovery fuel.
Preferably, the sorting device is also used for screening combustible garbage in the garbage to be treated.
In order to achieve the above object, another aspect of the present invention provides a solid reclaimed fuel manufacturing method applied to the solid reclaimed fuel manufacturing system as described above, comprising the steps of:
the sorting device sorts out the metals in the garbage to be treated;
the pyrolysis device is used for carrying out pyrolysis treatment on the garbage with preset weight or volume to generate pyrolysis gas and pyrolysis slag;
the combustion reactor combusts the pyrolysis gas and/or the pyrolysis slag to generate high-temperature flue gas;
the drying device utilizes the high-temperature flue gas to carry out drying treatment on the garbage with preset weight or volume to generate solid recovered fuel.
Preferably, the pyrolysis device is used for pyrolyzing the garbage with preset weight or volume by using the high-temperature flue gas as the heat source.
Preferably, the high-temperature flue gas after heat exchange flowing out of the pyrolysis device and/or the drying device needs to be purified.
Preferably, before the pyrolysis treatment and the drying treatment, the combustible garbage is further crushed.
According to the above description and practice, the solid recovery fuel preparation system and the preparation method of the invention firstly use the sorting device to sort out the metals in the garbage to be treated; one part of the garbage is used for pyrolysis treatment to generate pyrolysis gas, then the pyrolysis gas and/or pyrolysis slag are combusted to generate high-temperature flue gas, then the high-temperature flue gas is used for supplying heat to the pyrolysis device and the drying device, and the other part of the garbage is dried to generate solid recovery fuel. The solid recovered fuel prepared by the system does not need to introduce an additional heat source, so that the preparation cost of the solid recovered fuel can be reduced, and meanwhile, the garbage can be treated. In addition, the high-temperature flue gas which flows out of the drying device and exchanges heat is purified, so that air pollution in the garbage treatment process can be avoided.
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Fig. 1 is a schematic structural view of a solid recovery fuel preparation system according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic flow chart of a method for producing a solid recovered fuel according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
Exemplary embodiments will now be described more fully with reference to the accompanying drawings. The exemplary embodiments, however, may be embodied in many different forms and should not be construed as limited to the examples set forth herein; rather, these embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete, and will fully convey the concept of example embodiments to those skilled in the art. The described features, structures, or characteristics may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments.
Unless expressly stated or limited otherwise, the terms "mounted," "connected," and "connected" are intended to be inclusive and mean, for example, that they may be fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally connected; can be mechanically or electrically connected; they may be connected directly or indirectly through intervening media, or they may be interconnected between two elements. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood in specific cases to those skilled in the art.
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural view of a solid recovery fuel preparation system according to an embodiment of the present invention. As shown in fig. 1, in this embodiment, the solid recovery fuel preparation system includes: sorting unit, pyrolysis device, combustion reactor and mummification device. The sorting device is used for sorting out metals in the garbage, and is convenient for subsequent pyrolysis and drying treatment. The pyrolysis device is used for carrying out pyrolysis treatment on part of the garbage to generate pyrolysis gas and pyrolysis slag. And the pyrolysis gas and/or the pyrolysis slag are conveyed to a combustion reactor to be combusted to generate high-temperature flue gas. The drying device is used for drying the rest garbage to generate solid recovery fuel. In this embodiment, the heat sources used by the drying device and the pyrolysis device are high-temperature flue gas generated by combustion in the combustion reactor.
The high-temperature flue gas exchanges heat when passing through the pyrolysis device or the drying device, the temperature is reduced, and the high-temperature flue gas is discharged only by further treatment. Therefore, in the solid recovered fuel preparation system of this embodiment, a flue gas purification device is further provided to purify the high-temperature flue gas after heat exchange flowing out of the pyrolysis device and the drying device.
In addition, in this embodiment, the solid reclaimed fuel manufacturing system further includes a waste storage facility for storing waste to be disposed of.
In addition, in order to improve the efficiency of pyrolysis and drying, the sorting device can also carry out crushing treatment on the garbage and further screen combustible garbage in the garbage to be treated. For example, in the case of household waste, it can be classified into combustible waste and other waste. The combustible garbage can be used for preparing solid recovered fuel, and other garbage is mainly non-combustible inorganic matters.
Specifically, the sorting apparatus includes: the device comprises a coarse crusher, a magnetic separator, a screening system, a winnowing machine, a fine crusher, a light garbage storage bin, a heavy garbage storage bin and belt conveyors for conveying materials among various devices. When the garbage crusher is used, garbage to be treated firstly enters a coarse crusher to be crushed. The coarsely crushed garbage is conveyed to a magnetic separator by a belt conveyor, and a part of magnetic metals such as iron, nickel and the like carried in the garbage are removed. The waste is then conveyed to a screening system where it is screened into oversize waste of larger particles and undersize waste of smaller particles.
And respectively carrying out magnetic separation treatment on the oversize garbage and the undersize garbage by using a magnetic separator for one time, and further separating out the magnetic metals in the oversize garbage and the undersize garbage. And then, wind power separation is respectively carried out on the oversize garbage and the undersize garbage by using a wind separator. It should be noted that the power of the winnowing machines used by the two machines is different because the particle size of the waste on the screen is larger than that of the waste under the screen. The power of the winnowing machine used for the garbage on the screen is larger than that of the winnowing machine used for the garbage under the screen.
After the air separation, the garbage on the screen is divided into light garbage and heavy garbage, and the garbage under the screen is divided into light garbage and heavy garbage. The light garbage is the combustible garbage and comprises organic matters such as wood and straw and combustible inorganic matters such as plastics and rubber; the heavy garbage and the magnetic metal are the above incombustible garbage and comprise metal, stone, tile and the like. The light garbage can be further crushed by a fine crusher so as to be convenient for subsequent pyrolysis treatment and drying treatment. And finally, conveying the light garbage to a light garbage storage bin, and conveying the heavy garbage to a heavy garbage storage bin. The particle size of the garbage crushed by the coarse crusher and the fine crusher can be set according to actual requirements, and is not described herein again.
In other embodiments, other existing mechanical devices can be used to separate the garbage into combustible garbage and non-combustible garbage, and further description is omitted here.
The sorting operation classifies the garbage, and is convenient for subsequent targeted treatment. For example, the metal can be recycled, the heavy garbage can be used as building materials, and the light garbage can be used for preparing solid recovery fuel.
Specifically, in this embodiment, the pyrolysis apparatus is a horizontal pyrolysis furnace in this embodiment, and includes a furnace body for performing pyrolysis reactions, the furnace body having a waste input port, a slag discharge port, and an exhaust port. In addition, in order to improve the pyrolysis efficiency, a heat exchange device is further arranged on the outer side surface of the furnace body, one end of the heat exchange device is connected with a pipeline for conveying high-temperature flue gas, the other end of the heat exchange device is connected with a drying device, the furnace body is heated through the heat of the high-temperature flue gas, and then the pyrolysis efficiency is improved. In one embodiment, the heat exchange device is a heating pipeline which is coated on the outer side surface of the furnace body, one end of the heating pipeline is connected with a pipeline for conveying high-temperature flue gas, and the furnace body is heated by the high-temperature flue gas, so that the pyrolysis efficiency is improved; the other end of the heating pipeline is connected with a drying device.
And pyrolyzing the light garbage in a horizontal pyrolysis furnace to generate pyrolysis gas and pyrolysis slag. The slag is discharged from a slag discharge port, and the main components of the slag are tar and carbon black which can be used as industrial raw materials. The pyrolysis gas and/or the pyrolysis slag can be input into the combustion reactor together to be combusted to generate high-temperature flue gas.
Specifically, in this embodiment, the drying device may adopt a high-temperature flue gas drying apparatus, and the light garbage in the high-temperature flue gas is dried by using the high-temperature flue gas, where the dried light garbage is the solid recovered fuel. The rear end of the drying device is also provided with a solid recovery fuel base, and one end of the solid recovery fuel base is connected with the drying device through a conveying belt. The solid recovered fuel output by the drying device is stored in the solid recovered fuel storage, and the high-temperature flue gas after heat exchange in the drying device continuously flows into the flue gas purification device forwards.
It should be noted that the pyrolysis device and the drying device both treat the light garbage, so in practical application, the light garbage obtained by sorting needs to be distributed, the light garbage with a certain weight or volume can be preset for pyrolysis treatment, and the light garbage with a certain weight or volume can be preset for drying treatment. Because the pyrolysis treatment and the drying treatment are continuous operation processes and need to be added continuously, when the light garbage is more, the pyrolysis treatment and the drying treatment can be carried out synchronously without distributing the light garbage in advance. Specifically, the high-temperature flue gas after heat exchange between the pyrolysis device and the drying device is purified by a flue gas purification device and then discharged.
In this embodiment, a method for preparing a solid recovered fuel is also provided, in which the above-mentioned system for preparing a solid recovered fuel is used, as shown in fig. 2, the method for preparing a solid recovered fuel includes the following steps:
and step S1, sorting the metals in the garbage to be processed by the sorting device.
Taking the domestic garbage as an example, the domestic garbage can be separated into combustible garbage, stones, magnetic metal and other garbage by mechanical separation through the separation device.
And step S2, the pyrolysis device carries out pyrolysis treatment on the garbage with preset weight or volume to generate pyrolysis gas and pyrolysis slag.
When pyrolysis is performed, combustible refuse of a predetermined weight or volume may be added thereto depending on the processing capacity of the pyrolysis apparatus.
And step S3, burning the pyrolysis gas and/or the pyrolysis slag by the combustion reactor to generate high-temperature flue gas.
The step is carried out in a combustion reactor, and the generated high-temperature flue gas can be conveyed to the subsequent working procedures through a pipeline.
And step S4, the drying device uses the high-temperature flue gas to carry out drying treatment on the garbage with preset weight or volume to generate solid recovered fuel.
Specifically, can be earlier with high temperature flue gas pass through the pipeline and carry to the pyrolysis device in, provide the heat to the pyrolysis device, improve the efficiency of pyrolysis, later flow in the drying device again, the heat through high temperature flue gas dries the combustible refuse in the drying device, turns into solid recovery fuel with it.
And finally, the high-temperature flue gas which flows out of the drying device and exchanges heat can be discharged only after being purified.
It should be noted that, in this embodiment, a sorting device capable of screening combustible waste in the waste to be processed is provided, and the combustible waste screened by the sorting device is subjected to pyrolysis and drying treatment, so that the treatment efficiency can be improved. In other embodiments, a sorting device only comprising a magnetic separator can be directly selected, the sorting device only sorts out metal substances in the garbage, and then pyrolysis and drying treatment are carried out on the residual garbage, so that pyrolysis gas and solid recovery fuel can be prepared.
In addition, in this embodiment, the high-temperature flue gas generated in the combustion reactor firstly enters the heating pipeline of the pyrolysis device to exchange heat, then enters the drying device to exchange heat, and finally enters the flue gas purification device to be purified. In other embodiments, the generated high-temperature flue gas can also be divided into two parts, one part enters a heating pipeline of the pyrolysis device to exchange heat and then enters the flue gas purification device, and the other part directly enters the drying device to exchange heat and then enters the flue gas purification device. The two structural forms can realize the recycling of the heat of the high-temperature flue gas.
It will be evident to those skilled in the art that the invention is not limited to the details of the foregoing illustrative embodiments, and that the present invention may be embodied in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential attributes thereof. The present embodiments are therefore to be considered in all respects as illustrative and not restrictive, the scope of the invention being indicated by the appended claims rather than by the foregoing description, and all changes which come within the meaning and range of equivalency of the claims are therefore intended to be embraced therein, and any reference signs in the claims are not intended to be construed as limiting the claim concerned.

Claims (10)

1.一种固体回收燃料制备系统,其特征在于,包括:1. a solid recovery fuel preparation system, is characterized in that, comprises: 分选装置,用于分选出待处理垃圾中的金属;A sorting device for sorting out the metals in the garbage to be treated; 热解装置,接收预设重量或体积的所述垃圾并进行热解处理生成热解气和热解渣;a pyrolysis device, receiving a preset weight or volume of the waste and performing pyrolysis treatment to generate pyrolysis gas and pyrolysis slag; 燃烧反应器,接收所述热解气和/或热解渣并燃烧生成高温烟气;a combustion reactor, receiving the pyrolysis gas and/or pyrolysis slag and burning to generate high-temperature flue gas; 干化装置,接收所述高温烟气及预设重量或体积的所述垃圾,利用所述高温烟气的热量将接收的所述垃圾干化为固体回收燃料;a drying device that receives the high-temperature flue gas and the garbage of a preset weight or volume, and uses the heat of the high-temperature flue gas to dry the received garbage into solid recycling fuel; 输送所述高温烟气的管道还与所述热解装置相连,用以向所述热解装置提供热量。The pipeline for conveying the high-temperature flue gas is also connected with the pyrolysis device, so as to provide heat to the pyrolysis device. 2.如权利要求1所述的固体回收燃料制备系统,其特征在于,2. The solid recovery fuel preparation system of claim 1, wherein 所述高温烟气顺次流经所述热解装置和所述干化装置。The high temperature flue gas flows through the pyrolysis device and the drying device in sequence. 3.如权利要求1所述的固体回收燃料制备系统,其特征在于,还包括:3. The solid recovery fuel preparation system of claim 1, further comprising: 烟气净化装置,用以净化交换热量后的所述高温烟气。The flue gas purification device is used to purify the high temperature flue gas after heat exchange. 4.如权利要求2所述的固体回收燃料制备系统,其特征在于,4. The solid recovery fuel preparation system of claim 2, wherein: 所述热解装置的外周设有热交换装置,所述热交换装置一端接所述高温烟气,另一端接所述干化装置。The outer periphery of the pyrolysis device is provided with a heat exchange device, one end of the heat exchange device is connected to the high temperature flue gas, and the other end is connected to the drying device. 5.如权利要求1所述的固体回收燃料制备系统,其特征在于,还包括:5. The solid recovery fuel preparation system of claim 1, further comprising: 固体回收燃料库,与所述干化装置经由输送带连接,以接收并储存所述固体回收燃料。A solid recovered fuel depot is connected with the drying device via a conveyor belt to receive and store the solid recovered fuel. 6.如权利要求1所述的固体回收燃料制备系统,其特征在于,6. The solid recovered fuel preparation system of claim 1, wherein 所述分选装置还用于筛选待处理垃圾中的可燃垃圾。The sorting device is also used to screen combustible garbage in the garbage to be treated. 7.一种固体回收燃料制备方法,应用于如权利要求1至6中任一项所述的固体回收燃料制备系统,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:7. A solid recovery fuel preparation method, applied to the solid recovery fuel preparation system as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 6, is characterized in that, comprising the following steps: 分选装置分选出待处理垃圾中的金属;The sorting device sorts out the metals in the garbage to be treated; 热解装置对预设重量或体积的所述垃圾进行热解处理,生成热解气和热解渣;The pyrolysis device performs pyrolysis treatment on the waste of a preset weight or volume to generate pyrolysis gas and pyrolysis slag; 燃烧反应器燃烧所述热解气和/或热解渣生成高温烟气;The combustion reactor burns the pyrolysis gas and/or pyrolysis slag to generate high temperature flue gas; 干化装置利用所述高温烟气对预设重量或体积的所述垃圾进行干化处理,生成固体回收燃料。The drying device uses the high-temperature flue gas to dry the garbage of a preset weight or volume to generate solid recycled fuel. 8.如权利要求7中所述的固体回收燃料制备方法,其特征在于,8. The method for preparing solid recovered fuel as claimed in claim 7, characterized in that, 热解装置对预设重量或体积的所述垃圾进行热解处理所采用的热源为所述高温烟气。The heat source used by the pyrolysis device to pyrolyze the garbage with a preset weight or volume is the high-temperature flue gas. 9.如权利要求8中所述的固体回收燃料制备方法,其特征在于,9. The method for preparing solid recovered fuel as claimed in claim 8, characterized in that, 经所述热解装置和/或所述干化装置流出的交换热量后的所述高温烟气还需进行净化处理。The high temperature flue gas after the heat exchange flowing out of the pyrolysis device and/or the drying device needs to be purified. 10.如权利要求7至9中任一项所述的固体回收燃料制备方法,其特征在于,10. The method for preparing solid recovered fuel as claimed in any one of claims 7 to 9, characterized in that, 在所述热解处理和所述干化处理前,还对所述可燃垃圾进行破碎处理。Before the pyrolysis treatment and the drying treatment, the combustible garbage is also subjected to crushing treatment.
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