CN114709062B - A manufacturing method for improving the temperature resistance of traction machine magnets - Google Patents
A manufacturing method for improving the temperature resistance of traction machine magnets Download PDFInfo
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- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 16
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 128
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- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 44
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 44
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 38
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 239000011265 semifinished product Substances 0.000 claims abstract 5
- 238000011049 filling Methods 0.000 claims abstract 2
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 21
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims description 21
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 21
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000005496 tempering Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052777 Praseodymium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000009713 electroplating Methods 0.000 claims description 3
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- 238000012797 qualification Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
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- 229910001172 neodymium magnet Inorganic materials 0.000 description 16
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 14
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- 238000010583 slow cooling Methods 0.000 description 5
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- 229910052688 Gadolinium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
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- 229910052779 Neodymium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910052733 gallium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron Substances [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910052758 niobium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 235000021110 pickles Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000003712 anti-aging effect Effects 0.000 description 2
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- QJVKUMXDEUEQLH-UHFFFAOYSA-N [B].[Fe].[Nd] Chemical compound [B].[Fe].[Nd] QJVKUMXDEUEQLH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 150000004767 nitrides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
- H01F41/00—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing or assembling magnets, inductances or transformers; Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing materials characterised by their magnetic properties
- H01F41/02—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing or assembling magnets, inductances or transformers; Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing materials characterised by their magnetic properties for manufacturing cores, coils, or magnets
- H01F41/0253—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing or assembling magnets, inductances or transformers; Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing materials characterised by their magnetic properties for manufacturing cores, coils, or magnets for manufacturing permanent magnets
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
- H01F1/00—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties
- H01F1/01—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials
- H01F1/03—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity
- H01F1/032—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of hard-magnetic materials
- H01F1/04—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of hard-magnetic materials metals or alloys
- H01F1/047—Alloys characterised by their composition
- H01F1/053—Alloys characterised by their composition containing rare earth metals
- H01F1/055—Alloys characterised by their composition containing rare earth metals and magnetic transition metals, e.g. SmCo5
- H01F1/057—Alloys characterised by their composition containing rare earth metals and magnetic transition metals, e.g. SmCo5 and IIIa elements, e.g. Nd2Fe14B
- H01F1/0571—Alloys characterised by their composition containing rare earth metals and magnetic transition metals, e.g. SmCo5 and IIIa elements, e.g. Nd2Fe14B in the form of particles, e.g. rapid quenched powders or ribbon flakes
- H01F1/0573—Alloys characterised by their composition containing rare earth metals and magnetic transition metals, e.g. SmCo5 and IIIa elements, e.g. Nd2Fe14B in the form of particles, e.g. rapid quenched powders or ribbon flakes obtained by reduction or by hydrogen decrepitation or embrittlement
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
- H01F1/00—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties
- H01F1/01—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials
- H01F1/03—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity
- H01F1/032—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of hard-magnetic materials
- H01F1/04—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of hard-magnetic materials metals or alloys
- H01F1/047—Alloys characterised by their composition
- H01F1/053—Alloys characterised by their composition containing rare earth metals
- H01F1/055—Alloys characterised by their composition containing rare earth metals and magnetic transition metals, e.g. SmCo5
- H01F1/057—Alloys characterised by their composition containing rare earth metals and magnetic transition metals, e.g. SmCo5 and IIIa elements, e.g. Nd2Fe14B
- H01F1/0571—Alloys characterised by their composition containing rare earth metals and magnetic transition metals, e.g. SmCo5 and IIIa elements, e.g. Nd2Fe14B in the form of particles, e.g. rapid quenched powders or ribbon flakes
- H01F1/0575—Alloys characterised by their composition containing rare earth metals and magnetic transition metals, e.g. SmCo5 and IIIa elements, e.g. Nd2Fe14B in the form of particles, e.g. rapid quenched powders or ribbon flakes pressed, sintered or bonded together
- H01F1/0576—Alloys characterised by their composition containing rare earth metals and magnetic transition metals, e.g. SmCo5 and IIIa elements, e.g. Nd2Fe14B in the form of particles, e.g. rapid quenched powders or ribbon flakes pressed, sintered or bonded together pressed, e.g. hot working
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
- H01F1/00—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties
- H01F1/01—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials
- H01F1/03—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity
- H01F1/032—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of hard-magnetic materials
- H01F1/04—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of hard-magnetic materials metals or alloys
- H01F1/047—Alloys characterised by their composition
- H01F1/053—Alloys characterised by their composition containing rare earth metals
- H01F1/055—Alloys characterised by their composition containing rare earth metals and magnetic transition metals, e.g. SmCo5
- H01F1/057—Alloys characterised by their composition containing rare earth metals and magnetic transition metals, e.g. SmCo5 and IIIa elements, e.g. Nd2Fe14B
- H01F1/0571—Alloys characterised by their composition containing rare earth metals and magnetic transition metals, e.g. SmCo5 and IIIa elements, e.g. Nd2Fe14B in the form of particles, e.g. rapid quenched powders or ribbon flakes
- H01F1/0575—Alloys characterised by their composition containing rare earth metals and magnetic transition metals, e.g. SmCo5 and IIIa elements, e.g. Nd2Fe14B in the form of particles, e.g. rapid quenched powders or ribbon flakes pressed, sintered or bonded together
- H01F1/0577—Alloys characterised by their composition containing rare earth metals and magnetic transition metals, e.g. SmCo5 and IIIa elements, e.g. Nd2Fe14B in the form of particles, e.g. rapid quenched powders or ribbon flakes pressed, sintered or bonded together sintered
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- H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
- H01F41/00—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing or assembling magnets, inductances or transformers; Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing materials characterised by their magnetic properties
- H01F41/02—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing or assembling magnets, inductances or transformers; Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing materials characterised by their magnetic properties for manufacturing cores, coils, or magnets
- H01F41/0253—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing or assembling magnets, inductances or transformers; Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing materials characterised by their magnetic properties for manufacturing cores, coils, or magnets for manufacturing permanent magnets
- H01F41/0266—Moulding; Pressing
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- H01F41/00—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing or assembling magnets, inductances or transformers; Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing materials characterised by their magnetic properties
- H01F41/02—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing or assembling magnets, inductances or transformers; Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing materials characterised by their magnetic properties for manufacturing cores, coils, or magnets
- H01F41/0253—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing or assembling magnets, inductances or transformers; Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing materials characterised by their magnetic properties for manufacturing cores, coils, or magnets for manufacturing permanent magnets
- H01F41/0286—Trimming
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Abstract
Description
技术领域Technical field
本发明涉及一种曳引机磁钢制造方法，尤其是涉及一种提高曳引机磁钢耐温性的制 造方法。The present invention relates to a manufacturing method of traction machine magnets, and in particular to a manufacturing method for improving the temperature resistance of traction machine magnets.
背景技术Background technique
钕铁硼永磁体是当代磁性最强的永磁体，它不仅具有高磁能积、高性价比等优异特 性，而且容易加工成各种尺寸，现已广泛应用于航空、航天、通讯技术、电子、电声、 机电、计算技术、自动化技术、汽车工业、石油化工、磁分离技术、仪器仪表、磁医疗 技术及其他需用永磁磁场的装置和设备中，特别适用于研制高性能、小型化、轻型化的 各种换代产品。随着磁悬浮高铁、高性能数控机床、大马力电机等高技术应用相关技术 的突破，对钕铁硼永磁体提出了越来越高的要求，钕铁硼永磁体的充磁方向的尺寸从简 单的薄小到难度更高的厚大产品，而且要求当钕铁硼永磁体磁化尺寸为6mm～15mm产 品时，钕铁硼永磁体同时具有高的长高比以及高的宽高比，其中，长高比是指钕铁硼永 磁体的长度与其高度(指磁化方向)之比，宽高比指的是钕铁硼永磁体的宽度与其高度 (指磁化方向)之比，长高比和宽高比反映了钕铁硼永磁体的成型难度。NdFeB permanent magnets are the strongest permanent magnets in contemporary times. They not only have excellent characteristics such as high magnetic energy product and high cost performance, but are also easy to process into various sizes. They are now widely used in aviation, aerospace, communication technology, electronics, and electricity. Acoustics, electromechanical, computing technology, automation technology, automobile industry, petrochemical industry, magnetic separation technology, instrumentation, magnetic medical technology and other devices and equipment that require permanent magnetic fields, especially suitable for the development of high-performance, miniaturized, lightweight Various replacement products. With the breakthroughs in high-tech application related technologies such as magnetic levitation high-speed rail, high-performance CNC machine tools, and high-horsepower motors, higher and higher requirements have been put forward for NdFeB permanent magnets. The size of the magnetizing direction of NdFeB permanent magnets has changed from simple to simple. From thin and small to more difficult thick and large products, and when the magnetizing size of NdFeB permanent magnets is 6mm ~ 15mm, the NdFeB permanent magnets must have both a high aspect ratio and a high aspect ratio. Among them, The aspect ratio refers to the ratio of the length of the NdFeB permanent magnet to its height (referring to the magnetization direction). The aspect ratio refers to the ratio of the width of the NdFeB permanent magnet to its height (referring to the magnetization direction). The aspect ratio and width The high ratio reflects the difficulty of forming NdFeB permanent magnets.
作为钕铁硼永磁体之一的曳引机磁钢成本要求苛刻，牌号多为无重稀土可量产的35SH、38SH，形状多为瓦形产品，其特点是长高比或宽高比≥10且单片成品单重在 100g～800g之间。目前制备高长高比、高宽高比的曳引机磁钢时，在充分考虑压坯规格 的可成型性基础上，为了提高成型生产效率和材料利用率，成型阶段压坯规格设计时尽 可能采用一块多出的工艺，成型生坯单重基本控制在1kg～8kg，成型生坯烧结形成大块 烧结毛坯磁体后再经过机械加工成所需规格的初始成品，然后将初始成品进行表面处理 得到曳引机磁钢。但是，这种大块的成型生坯在烧结冷却阶段需要慢冷才能解决材料开 裂的问题，而成型生坯在烧结阶段慢冷又会影响曳引机磁钢的磁性能，尤其是一级时效 或一、二级时效慢冷会大幅度地降低曳引机磁钢的矫顽力，从而降低曳引机磁钢的耐温 性。As one of the neodymium iron boron permanent magnets, traction machine magnets have strict cost requirements. Most of the grades are 35SH and 38SH, which are weightless rare earth and can be mass-produced. The shapes are mostly tile-shaped products, which are characterized by an aspect ratio or width-to-height ratio ≥ 10 And the unit weight of a single finished product is between 100g and 800g. At present, when preparing traction machine magnets with high aspect ratio and high aspect ratio, on the basis of fully considering the formability of the compact specifications, in order to improve the molding production efficiency and material utilization rate, the compact specifications are designed as much as possible during the molding stage. An extra process may be used, and the unit weight of the molded green body is basically controlled between 1kg and 8kg. The molded green body is sintered to form a large sintered blank magnet and then machined into an initial finished product of the required specifications. The initial finished product is then surface treated. Get the traction machine magnet. However, this large piece of molded green body needs to be slowly cooled during the sintering cooling stage to solve the problem of material cracking. The slow cooling of the molded green body during the sintering stage will affect the magnetic properties of the traction machine magnet steel, especially the first-level aging. Or the first and second stage aging slow cooling will greatly reduce the coercive force of the traction machine magnets, thereby reducing the temperature resistance of the traction machine magnets.
公告号为CN105741994B的中国发明专利中公开了一种钕铁硼磁体的制作方法，该制作方法在烧结前将钕铁硼生坯直接加工成成品形状后再烧结，获得了磁体热处理后的性能状态，避免了钕铁硼生坯烧结慢冷对磁性能的影响。但是，因钕铁硼生坯与烧结钕 铁硼毛坯相比密度较低，钕铁硼生坯加工过程中容易损坏，且对于一些有弧形面的产品 或异形产品，生坯状态下加工，烧结过程中毛坯在不同方向的收缩率很难精确计算，有 可能导致烧结后的毛坯与目标产品尺寸存在较大偏差，以致合格率降低，同时，生坯加 工都在惰性气体保护气氛或者保护油中进行，对设备的要求比较严格，成本增加；最重 要的是生坯加工成成品形状后再烧结，比表面积增大，导致烧结过程中更易氮化、氧化， 烧结钕铁硼磁体中氧、氮含量增加，以致得到的成品磁体的内禀矫顽力和退磁曲线方形 度的一致性很差，最终会降低产品的耐温性。The Chinese invention patent with announcement number CN105741994B discloses a manufacturing method of NdFeB magnets. In this manufacturing method, the NdFeB green body is directly processed into the finished shape before sintering and then sintered to obtain the performance state of the magnet after heat treatment. , avoiding the impact of slow cooling of NdFeB green sintering on magnetic properties. However, because the NdFeB green body has a lower density than the sintered NdFeB blank, the NdFeB green body is easily damaged during processing, and for some products with curved surfaces or special-shaped products, it is difficult to process them in the green state. It is difficult to accurately calculate the shrinkage rate of the blank in different directions during the sintering process, which may lead to a large deviation between the size of the sintered blank and the target product, resulting in a reduction in the pass rate. At the same time, the green blank is processed in an inert gas protective atmosphere or protective oil. During the process, the requirements for equipment are relatively strict and the cost increases; the most important thing is that the green body is processed into the finished shape before sintering, which increases the specific surface area, making it easier to nitride and oxidize during the sintering process. Oxygen and oxygen in the sintered NdFeB magnets The increased nitrogen content results in poor consistency in the intrinsic coercivity and squareness of the demagnetization curve of the finished magnet, which ultimately reduces the product's temperature resistance.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本发明所要解决的技术问题是提供一种提高曳引机磁钢耐温性的制造方法，该制造 方法能够在不降低曳引机磁钢合格率、不增加成本的基础上，提高曳引机磁钢内禀矫顽力和退磁曲线方形度一致性。The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a manufacturing method for improving the temperature resistance of traction machine magnet steel. This manufacturing method can improve the traction machine magnet steel qualification rate without increasing the cost. The inherent coercive force of magnetic steel and the squareness of the demagnetization curve are consistent.
本发明解决上述技术问题所采用的技术方案为：一种提高曳引机磁钢耐温性的制造 方法，包括以下步骤：The technical solution adopted by the present invention to solve the above technical problems is: a manufacturing method for improving the temperature resistance of traction machine magnets, which includes the following steps:
(1)称取29-35wt％R、0-4wt％M、0.9-1.1wt％B以及59.9-70.1wt％Fe，混合均匀，其中R为Pr、Nd、Gd、Ho中的一种或多种，M为Co、Al、Cu、Ga、Nb、Ti、Zr中的一 种或多种；按所需制备的曳引机磁钢产品牌号配比，采用常规速凝工艺制备成厚度为 0.25mm～0.50mm的铸片；(1) Weigh 29-35wt% R, 0-4wt% M, 0.9-1.1wt% B and 59.9-70.1wt% Fe and mix them evenly, where R is one or more of Pr, Nd, Gd and Ho. species, M is one or more of Co, Al, Cu, Ga, Nb, Ti, and Zr; according to the required brand ratio of the traction machine magnetic steel products to be prepared, use the conventional rapid setting process to prepare a thickness of 0.25 mm～0.50mm cast piece;
(2)将上述铸片放入氢破炉中进行氢破碎处理，制得氢破粗粉，在氢破碎处理过程中，控制氢含量≤1200ppm；(2) Put the above-mentioned cast pieces into a hydrogen crushing furnace for hydrogen crushing treatment to obtain hydrogen crushing coarse powder. During the hydrogen crushing process, control the hydrogen content to ≤1200ppm;
(3)将上述氢破粗粉放入气流磨中，控制气流磨的分选轮转速在2500～6000转/分， 制得粒径为2.0μm～5.0μm的粉料；(3) Put the above-mentioned hydrogen-breaking coarse powder into an airflow mill, control the speed of the sorting wheel of the airflow mill at 2500-6000 rpm, and obtain powder with a particle size of 2.0μm-5.0μm;
(4)按所需制备的曳引机磁钢产品规格、重量选取相应的成型模具，将粉料装入成型模具内，先在磁场强度大于等于2.0T的磁场中进行取向成型，然后进行等静压，得到 单重为1kg～8kg的压坯；(4) Select the corresponding molding mold according to the specifications and weight of the traction machine magnet product to be prepared, load the powder into the molding mold, first conduct orientation molding in a magnetic field with a magnetic field strength greater than or equal to 2.0T, and then wait. Static pressing to obtain a green compact with a unit weight of 1kg to 8kg;
(5)将压坯装进烧结盆中，进入真空烧结炉进行烧结；(5) Put the compact into a sintering basin and enter the vacuum sintering furnace for sintering;
(6)烧结结束后，先将真空烧结炉控温冷却至750℃～900℃，其中控温冷却速率控制在2℃/min～3℃/min，控温冷却结束后，不再对真空烧结炉进行加热，真空烧结炉进 入自然冷却状态，当真空烧结炉自然冷却到450℃～550℃，再向真空烧结炉中充入氩气 至压强为-0.02MPa，随后启动风机对真空烧结炉进行冷却，当冷却至60℃出炉，得到烧 结毛坯磁体；(6) After the sintering is completed, first control the temperature of the vacuum sintering furnace to 750°C ~ 900°C, where the temperature-controlled cooling rate is controlled at 2°C/min ~ 3°C/min. After the temperature-controlled cooling is completed, the vacuum sintering will no longer be carried out. The furnace is heated, and the vacuum sintering furnace enters a natural cooling state. When the vacuum sintering furnace is naturally cooled to 450°C ~ 550°C, argon gas is filled into the vacuum sintering furnace until the pressure is -0.02MPa, and then the fan is started to control the vacuum sintering furnace. Cool, and when cooled to 60°C, the sintered rough magnet is obtained;
(7)将烧结毛坯磁体进行机械加工，得到单重为100g～800g的多个半成品毛坯曳引 机磁钢；(7) Mechanically process the sintered blank magnets to obtain multiple semi-finished blank traction machine magnets with unit weights of 100g to 800g;
(8)将多个半成品毛坯曳引机磁钢摆放在多个烧结盆中后放入真空烧结炉中进行二 级回火处理，其中，一级时效温度为850℃-930℃，保温2h-5h后向真空烧结炉中充入 氩气至压强为-0.02MPa，随后启动风机对真空烧结炉进行冷却，冷却至75℃～85℃，再 升温进入二级时效阶段，二级时效温度为450℃～550℃，保温4h～8h后向真空烧结炉中 充入氩气至压强为-0.02MPa，随后启动风机对真空烧结炉进行冷却，风冷到50℃以下出 炉，得到半成品曳引机磁钢；(8) Place multiple semi-finished rough traction machine magnets in multiple sintering basins and then put them into a vacuum sintering furnace for secondary tempering treatment. The primary aging temperature is 850°C-930°C, and the temperature is maintained for 2 hours. After -5h, argon gas is filled into the vacuum sintering furnace until the pressure is -0.02MPa, and then the fan is started to cool the vacuum sintering furnace to 75℃~85℃, and then the temperature is raised to enter the secondary aging stage. The secondary aging temperature is 450℃~550℃, keep the temperature for 4h~8h, then fill the vacuum sintering furnace with argon gas until the pressure is -0.02MPa, then start the fan to cool the vacuum sintering furnace, air-cool it to below 50℃ and discharge it, and obtain the semi-finished traction machine magnetic steel;
(9)对半成品曳引机磁钢进行磨加工、酸洗和电镀，最终获得高耐温性的成品曳引机磁钢。(9) Grind, pickle and electroplat the semi-finished traction machine magnets to finally obtain finished traction machine magnets with high temperature resistance.
所述的步骤(7)中半成品毛坯曳引机磁钢相对于成品曳引机磁钢在尺寸上具有0.1mm～0.5mm余量，优选0.2mm～0.3mm。In the step (7), the semi-finished blank traction machine magnet has a size margin of 0.1mm to 0.5mm, preferably 0.2mm to 0.3mm, relative to the finished traction machine magnet.
所述的步骤(8)中，真空烧结炉中多个烧结盆的摆盆间距≥1cm，优选1cm～2cm。In the step (8), the spacing between the plurality of sintering basins in the vacuum sintering furnace is ≥1 cm, preferably 1 cm to 2 cm.
与现有技术相比，本发明的优点在于先通过成型得到单量为1kg～8kg的大尺寸压坯， 然后直接对大尺寸压坯进行烧结，避免先加工成成品形状后再烧结导致的合格率降低以 及成本增加的问题，在压坯烧结结束后，将真空烧结炉控温冷却至750℃～900℃，其中控温冷却速率控制在2℃/min～3℃/min，控温冷却结束后，不再对真空烧结炉进行加热，真空烧结炉进入自然冷却状态，当真空烧结炉自然冷却到450℃～550℃，再向真空烧结 炉中充入氩气至压强为-0.02MPa，随后启动风机对真空烧结炉进行冷却，当冷却至60℃ 出炉，得到烧结毛坯磁体，由此在烧结后采用分阶段慢冷工艺进行冷却，避免烧结毛坯 磁体开裂问题，最后在回火处理时，一级时效工艺和二级时效工艺结束后均采用充氩风 冷工艺，避免了一级时效和二级时效慢冷工艺，可缩短热处理时间1h～3h，显著降低生 产成本和设备能耗，且在一级时效和二级时效过程中，半成品毛坯曳引机磁钢摆放在多 个烧结盆中，有利于提高半成品毛坯曳引机磁钢的充分冷却，避免冷却不均匀现象，从 而提高半成品曳引机磁钢的磁性能，尤其是内禀矫顽力的一致性和和退磁曲线方形度一 致性，最终获得高耐温性的成品曳引机磁钢。Compared with the existing technology, the advantage of the present invention is to first obtain large-size green compacts with a single quantity of 1kg to 8kg through molding, and then directly sinter the large-size green compacts to avoid defects caused by first processing into the finished shape and then sintering. In order to solve the problems of reduced rate and increased cost, after the compact sintering is completed, the vacuum sintering furnace is temperature-controlled and cooled to 750℃~900℃, where the temperature-controlled cooling rate is controlled at 2℃/min~3℃/min, and the temperature-controlled cooling is completed. Afterwards, the vacuum sintering furnace is no longer heated, and the vacuum sintering furnace enters a natural cooling state. When the vacuum sintering furnace is naturally cooled to 450°C ~ 550°C, argon gas is then filled into the vacuum sintering furnace until the pressure is -0.02MPa, and then Start the fan to cool the vacuum sintering furnace. When it is cooled to 60°C and comes out of the furnace, the sintered rough magnet is obtained. After sintering, a staged slow cooling process is used to cool the sintered rough magnet to avoid cracking of the sintered rough magnet. Finally, during the tempering treatment, a After the first-level aging process and the second-level aging process, the argon-filled air-cooling process is used, which avoids the first-level aging and second-level aging slow cooling process, can shorten the heat treatment time by 1h to 3h, significantly reduce production costs and equipment energy consumption, and in During the first-level aging and second-level aging processes, the semi-finished rough traction machine magnets are placed in multiple sintering basins, which is conducive to improving the sufficient cooling of the semi-finished rough traction machine magnets and avoiding uneven cooling, thereby improving the semi-finished traction machine magnets. The magnetic properties of the traction machine magnets, especially the consistency of the intrinsic coercivity and the squareness of the demagnetization curve, ultimately lead to the finished traction machine magnets with high temperature resistance.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
以下结合实施例对本发明作进一步详细描述。The present invention will be described in further detail below with reference to examples.
实施例一：一种提高曳引机磁钢耐温性的制造方法，其中曳引机磁钢的牌号为35SH，成品规格为R310.1mm×R310.1mm×58mm×6.6mm×100mm，成品单重298g， 长高比＝15.1。坯料规格设计102mm×60mm×37.7mm，坯料单重1890g，坯料出数：1 出5片，包括以下步骤：Embodiment 1: A manufacturing method for improving the temperature resistance of traction machine magnet steel. The grade of the traction machine magnet steel is 35SH, and the finished product specification is R310.1mm×R310.1mm×58mm×6.6mm×100mm. The finished product list Weighs 298g, length-to-height ratio = 15.1. The design specification of the blank is 102mm×60mm×37.7mm, the unit weight of the blank is 1890g, the number of blanks produced: 1 to produce 5 pieces, including the following steps:
(1)称取29-35wt％R、0-4wt％M、0.9-1.1wt％B以及59.9-70.1wt％Fe，混合均匀，其中R为Pr、Nd、Gd、Ho中的一种或多种，M为Co、Al、Cu、Ga、Nb、Ti、Zr中的一 种或多种；按所需制备的曳引机磁钢产品牌号配比材料，采用常规速凝工艺制备成厚度 为0.25mm～0.50mm的铸片；(1) Weigh 29-35wt% R, 0-4wt% M, 0.9-1.1wt% B and 59.9-70.1wt% Fe and mix them evenly, where R is one or more of Pr, Nd, Gd and Ho. species, M is one or more of Co, Al, Cu, Ga, Nb, Ti, and Zr; the materials are prepared according to the required brand of the traction machine magnetic steel product, and the thickness is prepared using a conventional rapid-setting process. 0.25mm～0.50mm cast piece;
(2)将上述铸片放入氢破炉中进行氢破碎处理，制得氢破粗粉，在氢破碎处理过程中，控制氢含量≤1200ppm；(2) Put the above-mentioned cast pieces into a hydrogen crushing furnace for hydrogen crushing treatment to obtain hydrogen crushing coarse powder. During the hydrogen crushing process, control the hydrogen content to ≤1200ppm;
(3)将上述氢破粗粉放入气流磨中，控制气流磨的分选轮转速在2500～6000转/分， 制得粒径为2.0μm～5.0μm的粉料；(3) Put the above-mentioned hydrogen-breaking coarse powder into an airflow mill, control the speed of the sorting wheel of the airflow mill at 2500-6000 rpm, and obtain powder with a particle size of 2.0μm-5.0μm;
(4)按所需制备的曳引机磁钢产品规格、重量选取相应的成型模具，将粉料装入成型模具内，先在磁场强度大于等于2.0T的磁场中进行取向成型，然后进行等静压，得到 单量为1890g的压坯；(4) Select the corresponding molding mold according to the specifications and weight of the traction machine magnet product to be prepared, load the powder into the molding mold, first conduct orientation molding in a magnetic field with a magnetic field strength greater than or equal to 2.0T, and then wait. Static pressing to obtain a compact with a unit weight of 1890g;
(5)将压坯装进烧结盆中，进入真空烧结炉进行烧结，具体为：在 5.0×10-2Pa～1.0×10-3Pa真空条件下升温至1030℃～1100℃，保温4h～8h；(5) Put the green compact into a sintering basin and enter the vacuum sintering furnace for sintering. The specific steps are: raise the temperature to 1030°C to 1100°C under vacuum conditions of 5.0×10 -2 Pa to 1.0× 10 -3 Pa, and keep it for 4 hours. 8h;
(6)烧结结束后，先将真空烧结炉控温冷却至750℃～900℃，其中控温冷却速率控制在2℃/min～3℃/min，防止真空烧结炉高温解除加热后温度急剧下降造成产品裂纹； 控温冷却结束后，不再对真空烧结炉进行加热，真空烧结炉进入自然冷却状态，当真空 烧结炉自然冷却到450℃～550℃，再向真空烧结炉中充入氩气至压强为-0.02MPa，随后 启动风机对真空烧结炉进行冷却，当冷却至60℃出炉，得到烧结毛坯磁体；(6) After sintering is completed, first control the temperature of the vacuum sintering furnace to 750°C ~ 900°C, with the temperature controlled cooling rate controlled at 2°C/min ~ 3°C/min to prevent the temperature of the vacuum sintering furnace from falling sharply after the high temperature is removed. Cause product cracks; after the temperature control cooling is completed, the vacuum sintering furnace is no longer heated, and the vacuum sintering furnace enters a natural cooling state. When the vacuum sintering furnace is naturally cooled to 450℃~550℃, argon gas is then filled into the vacuum sintering furnace. until the pressure is -0.02MPa, then start the fan to cool the vacuum sintering furnace. When cooled to 60°C, the sintered rough magnet is obtained.
(7)将烧结毛坯磁体进行机械加工，得到单重为298g±3g的多个半成品毛坯曳引机磁钢；(7) Mechanically process the sintered blank magnets to obtain multiple semi-finished blank traction machine magnets with a unit weight of 298g±3g;
(8)将多个半成品毛坯曳引机磁钢摆放在多个烧结盆中后放入真空烧结炉中进行二 级回火处理，其中，一级时效温度为850℃～930℃，保温2h～5h后向真空烧结炉中充入氩气至压强为-0.02MPa，随后启动风机对真空烧结炉进行冷却，冷却至75℃～85℃，再 升温进入二级时效阶段，二级时效温度为450℃～550℃，保温4h～8h后向真空烧结炉中 充入氩气至压强为-0.02MPa，随后启动风机对真空烧结炉进行冷却，冷却到50℃以下出 炉，得到半成品曳引机磁钢；(8) Place multiple semi-finished rough traction machine magnets in multiple sintering basins and then put them into a vacuum sintering furnace for secondary tempering treatment. The primary aging temperature is 850°C to 930°C, and the temperature is maintained for 2 hours. After ~5 hours, fill the vacuum sintering furnace with argon gas until the pressure is -0.02MPa, then start the fan to cool the vacuum sintering furnace to 75°C~85°C, and then raise the temperature to enter the secondary aging stage. The secondary aging temperature is 450℃~550℃, keep the temperature for 4h~8h, then fill the vacuum sintering furnace with argon gas until the pressure is -0.02MPa, then start the fan to cool the vacuum sintering furnace, cool it to below 50℃ and discharge it, and obtain the semi-finished traction machine magnet steel;
(9)对半成品曳引机磁钢进行磨加工、酸洗和电镀，最终获得高耐温性的成品曳引机磁钢。(9) Grind, pickle and electroplat the semi-finished traction machine magnets to finally obtain finished traction machine magnets with high temperature resistance.
为验证本发明的优异性，设置如下对比例进行对比：In order to verify the excellence of the present invention, the following comparative examples are set for comparison:
对比例一：本对比例与实施例1在步骤上，(1)～(5)完全相同，且使用制备批次 相同的粉料，区别在于后续步骤不同，后续步骤具体为：Comparative Example 1: This comparative example is identical to Example 1 in terms of steps (1) to (5), and uses the same powder preparation batch. The difference is that the subsequent steps are different, and the subsequent steps are specifically:
(6)烧结结束后，先将真空烧结炉控温冷却至750℃～900℃，其中控温冷却速率控制 在2℃/min～3℃/min，防止真空烧结炉高温解除加热后温度急剧下降造成产品裂纹；控温冷却结束后，不再对真空烧结炉进行加热，真空烧结炉进入自然冷却状态，当真空烧 结炉自然冷却到350℃～550℃，再向真空烧结炉中充入氩气至压强为-0.02MPa，随后启 动风机对真空烧结炉进行冷却，冷却至75℃～200℃，此时烧结毛坯磁体不出炉；(6) After sintering is completed, first control the temperature of the vacuum sintering furnace to 750°C ~ 900°C, with the temperature controlled cooling rate controlled at 2°C/min ~ 3°C/min to prevent the temperature of the vacuum sintering furnace from falling sharply after the high temperature is removed. Cause product cracks; after the temperature control cooling is completed, the vacuum sintering furnace is no longer heated, and the vacuum sintering furnace enters a natural cooling state. When the vacuum sintering furnace is naturally cooled to 350℃~550℃, argon gas is then filled into the vacuum sintering furnace. When the pressure reaches -0.02MPa, then start the fan to cool the vacuum sintering furnace to 75℃~200℃. At this time, the sintered blank magnet will not come out of the furnace;
(7)升温进入一级时效阶段，一级时效温度850℃～930℃，保温2h～5h后解除真空烧结炉加热，产品随真空烧结炉自然冷却到350℃～550℃，向真空烧结炉中充入氩气至 压强为-0.02MPa，随后启动风机对真空烧结炉进行冷却，冷却至75℃～150℃，再升温进 入二级时效阶段，二级时效温度为450℃～550℃，保温4h～8h后向真空烧结炉中充入氩 气至压强为-0.02MPa，随炉冷却到300℃-400℃再启动风机对真空烧结炉进行冷却，冷 却到50℃以下出炉，得到半成品毛坯曳引机磁钢；(7) The temperature rises and enters the first-level aging stage. The first-level aging temperature is 850°C to 930°C. After 2h to 5h of heat preservation, the vacuum sintering furnace heating is released. The product is naturally cooled to 350°C to 550°C with the vacuum sintering furnace and is transferred to the vacuum sintering furnace. Fill the argon gas until the pressure is -0.02MPa, then start the fan to cool the vacuum sintering furnace to 75°C ~ 150°C, then raise the temperature to enter the secondary aging stage. The secondary aging temperature is 450°C ~ 550°C, and the temperature is maintained for 4 hours. After ~8 hours, fill the vacuum sintering furnace with argon gas until the pressure is -0.02MPa, cool the furnace to 300℃-400℃, then start the fan to cool the vacuum sintering furnace, cool it to below 50℃ and discharge it from the furnace to obtain the semi-finished blank traction Mechanical magnetic steel;
(8)将半成品毛坯曳引机磁钢进行机械加工、磨加工、酸洗和电镀，制备得到成品曳引机磁钢。(8) The semi-finished rough traction machine magnet steel is subjected to mechanical processing, grinding, pickling and electroplating to prepare the finished traction machine magnet steel.
随机选择实施例一和对比例一中各6片成品曳引机磁钢进行成品磁性能检验，具体 数据如表1所示：Randomly select 6 pieces of finished traction machine magnets from each of Example 1 and Comparative Example 1 for finished magnetic property testing. The specific data are as shown in Table 1:
表1实施例一与对比例一的成品磁性能对照Table 1 Comparison of finished magnetic properties between Example 1 and Comparative Example 1
随机选择实施例一和对比例一各30片成品曳引机磁钢进行成品老化检验，具体数据如表2所示：Randomly select 30 pieces of finished traction machine magnets from each of Example 1 and Comparative Example 1 for finished product aging inspection. The specific data are shown in Table 2:
表2实施例一与对比例一的成品老化对照Table 2 Finished product aging comparison between Example 1 and Comparative Example 1
通过表1、表2参数比较可知：采用本发明制备得到的曳引机有以下优点：It can be seen from the comparison of parameters in Table 1 and Table 2 that the traction machine prepared by the present invention has the following advantages:
(1)对比表1可知，成品曳引机磁钢内禀矫顽力和退磁曲线方形度一致性得到明显改善，成品曳引机磁钢内禀矫顽力提升0.8kOe左右，成品曳引机磁钢退磁曲线方形度提 升2％，成品曳引机磁钢内禀矫顽力和退磁曲线方形度的提升可改善磁钢的耐温性，同 时可降低材料的配方成本。(1) Comparing Table 1, it can be seen that the consistency of the intrinsic coercivity of the finished traction machine magnet and the squareness of the demagnetization curve has been significantly improved. The intrinsic coercivity of the finished traction machine magnet has increased by about 0.8kOe. The finished traction machine The squareness of the demagnetization curve of the magnetic steel is increased by 2%. The improvement in the intrinsic coercivity of the finished traction machine magnet and the squareness of the demagnetization curve can improve the temperature resistance of the magnetic steel and reduce the cost of material formulation.
(2)对比表2可知，本发明制备成品曳引机磁钢老化测试均达到老化标准要求，并且成品曳引机磁钢抗老化能力提升50％，极大地提高了曳引电机的使用环境。(2) Comparing Table 2, it can be seen that the aging test of the finished traction machine magnet steel prepared by the present invention all met the aging standard requirements, and the anti-aging ability of the finished traction machine magnet steel was increased by 50%, which greatly improved the use environment of the traction motor.
实施例二：一种提高曳引机磁钢耐温性的制造方法，其中曳引机磁钢的牌号为38SH，成品规格为R49.5mm×40mm×90.1mm×7.5mm，成品单重169g，长高比＝12。 坯料规格设计91mm×41mm×45mm，坯料单重1330g，坯料出数：1出5片。包括以 下步骤：Embodiment 2: A manufacturing method for improving the temperature resistance of traction machine magnets. The grade of traction machine magnets is 38SH, the finished product specifications are R49.5mm×40mm×90.1mm×7.5mm, and the unit weight of the finished product is 169g. Aspect ratio=12. The design specification of the blank is 91mm×41mm×45mm, the unit weight of the blank is 1330g, and the number of blanks produced: 1 piece out, 5 pieces. Includes the following steps:
(1)称取29-35wt％R、0-4wt％M、0.9-1.1wt％B以及59.9-70.1wt％Fe，混合均匀，其中R为Pr、Nd、Gd、Ho中的一种或多种，M为Co、Al、Cu、Ga、Nb、Ti、Zr中的一 种或多种；按所需制备的曳引机磁钢产品牌号配比材料，采用常规速凝工艺制备成厚度 为0.25mm～0.50mm的铸片；(1) Weigh 29-35wt% R, 0-4wt% M, 0.9-1.1wt% B and 59.9-70.1wt% Fe and mix them evenly, where R is one or more of Pr, Nd, Gd and Ho. species, M is one or more of Co, Al, Cu, Ga, Nb, Ti, and Zr; the materials are prepared according to the required brand of the traction machine magnetic steel product, and the thickness is prepared using a conventional rapid-setting process. 0.25mm～0.50mm cast piece;
(2)将上述铸片放入氢破炉中进行氢破碎处理，制得氢破粗粉，在氢破碎处理过程中，控制氢含量≤1200ppm；(2) Put the above-mentioned cast pieces into a hydrogen crushing furnace for hydrogen crushing treatment to obtain hydrogen crushing coarse powder. During the hydrogen crushing process, control the hydrogen content to ≤1200ppm;
(3)将上述氢破粗粉放入气流磨中，控制气流磨的分选轮转速在2500～6000转/分， 制得粒径为2.0μm～5.0μm的粉料；(3) Put the above-mentioned hydrogen-breaking coarse powder into an airflow mill, control the speed of the sorting wheel of the airflow mill at 2500-6000 rpm, and obtain powder with a particle size of 2.0μm-5.0μm;
(4)按所需制备的曳引机磁钢产品规格、重量选取相应的成型模具，将粉料装入成型模具内，先在磁场强度大于等于2.0T的磁场中进行取向成型，然后进行等静压，得到 单量为1330g的压坯；(4) Select the corresponding molding mold according to the specifications and weight of the traction machine magnet product to be prepared, load the powder into the molding mold, first conduct orientation molding in a magnetic field with a magnetic field strength greater than or equal to 2.0T, and then wait. Static pressing to obtain a green compact with a unit weight of 1330g;
(5)将压坯装进烧结盆中，进入真空烧结炉进行烧结，具体为：在5.0×10-2Pa～1.0×10-3Pa真空条件下升温至1030℃～1100℃，保温4h～8h；(5) Put the green compact into a sintering basin and enter the vacuum sintering furnace for sintering. The specific steps are: raise the temperature to 1030°C to 1100°C under vacuum conditions of 5.0×10 -2 Pa to 1.0× 10 -3 Pa, and keep it for 4 hours. 8h;
(6)烧结结束后，先将真空烧结炉控温冷却至750℃～900℃，其中控温冷却速率控制在2℃/min～3℃/min，防止真空烧结炉高温解除加热后温度急剧下降造成产品裂纹； 控温冷却结束后，不再对真空烧结炉进行加热，真空烧结炉进入自然冷却状态，当真空 烧结炉自然冷却到450℃～550℃，再向真空烧结炉中充入氩气至压强为-0.02MPa，随后 启动风机对真空烧结炉进行冷却，当冷却至60℃出炉，得到烧结毛坯磁体；(6) After sintering is completed, first control the temperature of the vacuum sintering furnace to 750°C ~ 900°C, with the temperature controlled cooling rate controlled at 2°C/min ~ 3°C/min to prevent the temperature of the vacuum sintering furnace from falling sharply after the high temperature is removed. Cause product cracks; after the temperature control cooling is completed, the vacuum sintering furnace is no longer heated, and the vacuum sintering furnace enters a natural cooling state. When the vacuum sintering furnace is naturally cooled to 450℃~550℃, argon gas is then filled into the vacuum sintering furnace. until the pressure is -0.02MPa, then start the fan to cool the vacuum sintering furnace. When cooled to 60°C, the sintered rough magnet is obtained.
(7)将烧结毛坯磁体进行机械加工，得到成品单重为169g±3g的多个半成品毛坯曳引机磁钢；(7) Mechanically process the sintered blank magnets to obtain multiple semi-finished blank traction machine magnets with a finished unit weight of 169g±3g;
(8)将多个半成品毛坯曳引机磁钢摆放在多个烧结盆中后放入真空烧结炉中进行二 级回火处理，其中，一级时效温度为850℃～930℃，保温2h～5h后向真空烧结炉中充入氩气至压强为-0.02MPa，随后启动风机对真空烧结炉进行冷却，冷却至75℃～85℃，再 升温进入二级时效阶段，二级时效温度为450℃～550℃，保温4h～8h后向真空烧结炉中 充入氩气至压强为-0.02MPa，随后启动风机对真空烧结炉进行冷却，冷却到50℃以下出 炉；(8) Place multiple semi-finished rough traction machine magnets in multiple sintering basins and then put them into a vacuum sintering furnace for secondary tempering treatment. The primary aging temperature is 850°C to 930°C, and the temperature is maintained for 2 hours. After ~5 hours, fill the vacuum sintering furnace with argon gas until the pressure is -0.02MPa, then start the fan to cool the vacuum sintering furnace to 75°C~85°C, and then raise the temperature to enter the secondary aging stage. The secondary aging temperature is 450℃～550℃, keep the temperature for 4h～8h, then fill the vacuum sintering furnace with argon gas until the pressure is -0.02MPa, then start the fan to cool the vacuum sintering furnace, and cool it to below 50℃ and discharge it;
(9)对半成品曳引机磁钢进行磨加工、酸洗和电镀，最终获得高耐温性的成品曳引机磁钢。(9) Grind, pickle and electroplat the semi-finished traction machine magnets to finally obtain finished traction machine magnets with high temperature resistance.
为验证本发明的优异性，设置如下对比例进行对比：In order to verify the excellence of the present invention, the following comparative examples are set for comparison:
对比例二：本对比例与实施例一在步骤上，(1)～(5)完全相同，且使用制备批次相同的粉料，区别在于后续步骤不同，后续步骤具体为：Comparative Example 2: This comparative example is identical to Example 1 in terms of steps (1) to (5), and uses the same powder preparation batch. The difference is that the subsequent steps are different, and the subsequent steps are specifically:
(6)烧结结束后，先将真空烧结炉控温冷却至750℃～900℃，其中控温冷却速率控制在2℃/min～3℃/min，防止真空烧结炉高温解除加热后温度急剧下降造成产品裂纹； 控温冷却结束后，不再对真空烧结炉进行加热，真空烧结炉进入自然冷却状态，当真空 烧结炉自然冷却到350℃～550℃，再向真空烧结炉中充入氩气至压强为-0.02MPa，随后 启动风机对真空烧结炉进行冷却，冷却至75℃～200℃，此时烧结毛坯磁体不出炉；(6) After sintering is completed, first control the temperature of the vacuum sintering furnace to 750°C ~ 900°C, with the temperature controlled cooling rate controlled at 2°C/min ~ 3°C/min to prevent the temperature of the vacuum sintering furnace from falling sharply after the high temperature is removed. Cause product cracks; after the temperature control cooling is completed, the vacuum sintering furnace is no longer heated, and the vacuum sintering furnace enters a natural cooling state. When the vacuum sintering furnace is naturally cooled to 350℃~550℃, argon gas is then filled into the vacuum sintering furnace. When the pressure reaches -0.02MPa, then start the fan to cool the vacuum sintering furnace to 75℃~200℃. At this time, the sintered blank magnet will not come out of the furnace;
(7)升温进入一级时效阶段，一级时效温度850℃～930℃，保温2h～5h后解除真空烧结炉加热，产品随真空烧结炉自然冷却到350℃～550℃，向真空烧结炉中充入氩气至 压强为-0.02MPa，随后启动风机对真空烧结炉进行冷却，冷却至75℃～150℃，再升温进 入二级时效阶段，二级时效温度为450℃～550℃，保温4h～8h后向真空烧结炉中缓慢充 入氩气至压强为-0.02MPa，随炉冷却到300℃-400℃再启动风机对真空烧结炉进行冷却， 冷却到50℃以下出炉，得到烧结毛坯磁体；(7) The temperature rises and enters the first-level aging stage. The first-level aging temperature is 850°C to 930°C. After 2h to 5h of heat preservation, the vacuum sintering furnace heating is released. The product is naturally cooled to 350°C to 550°C with the vacuum sintering furnace and is transferred to the vacuum sintering furnace. Fill the argon gas until the pressure is -0.02MPa, then start the fan to cool the vacuum sintering furnace to 75°C ~ 150°C, then raise the temperature to enter the secondary aging stage. The secondary aging temperature is 450°C ~ 550°C, and the temperature is maintained for 4 hours. After ~8 hours, slowly fill the vacuum sintering furnace with argon gas until the pressure is -0.02MPa, cool the furnace to 300℃-400℃, then start the fan to cool the vacuum sintering furnace, cool it to below 50℃ and discharge it from the furnace to obtain the sintered rough magnet. ;
(8)将烧结毛坯磁体进行机械加工、磨加工、酸洗和电镀，制备得到成品曳引机磁钢。(8) The sintered rough magnet is subjected to mechanical processing, grinding, pickling and electroplating to prepare the finished traction machine magnet.
随机选择实施例二和对比例二各6片成品曳引机磁钢进行成品磁性能检验，具体数 据如表1所示：Randomly select 6 pieces of finished traction machine magnets from each of Example 2 and Comparative Example 2 for finished magnetic performance testing. The specific data are as shown in Table 1:
表3实施例二与对比例二的成品磁性能对照Table 3 Comparison of finished product magnetic properties between Example 2 and Comparative Example 2
随机选择实施例二和对比例二各30片成品曳引机磁钢进行成品老化检验，具体数据如表2所示：Randomly select 30 pieces of finished traction machine magnets from each of Example 2 and Comparative Example 2 for finished product aging inspection. The specific data are shown in Table 2:
表4实施例二与对比例二的成品老化对照Table 4 Finished product aging comparison between Example 2 and Comparative Example 2
通过表3、表4参数比较可知：采用本发明制备得到的曳引机有以下优点：It can be seen from the comparison of parameters in Table 3 and Table 4 that the traction machine prepared by the present invention has the following advantages:
(1)对比表3可知，成品曳引机磁钢内禀矫顽力和退磁曲线方形度一致性得到明显改善，成品曳引机磁钢内禀矫顽力提升1.6kOe左右，成品曳引机磁钢退磁曲线方形度提 升2％，成品曳引机磁钢内禀矫顽力和退磁曲线方形度的提升可改善磁钢的耐温性，同 时可降低材料的配方成本。(1) Comparing Table 3, it can be seen that the consistency of the intrinsic coercivity of the finished traction machine magnet steel and the squareness of the demagnetization curve has been significantly improved. The intrinsic coercivity of the finished traction machine magnet steel has increased by about 1.6kOe. The finished traction machine has The squareness of the demagnetization curve of the magnetic steel is increased by 2%. The improvement in the intrinsic coercivity of the finished traction machine magnet and the squareness of the demagnetization curve can improve the temperature resistance of the magnetic steel and reduce the cost of material formulation.
(2)对比表4可知，本发明制备成品曳引机磁钢老化测试均达到老化标准要求，并且成品曳引机磁钢抗老化能力提升50％以上，极大地提高了曳引电机的使用环境。(2) Comparing Table 4, it can be seen that the aging test of the finished traction machine magnet steel prepared by the present invention all met the aging standard requirements, and the anti-aging ability of the finished traction machine magnet steel was increased by more than 50%, which greatly improved the use environment of the traction motor. .
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| CN107931621A (en) * | 2017-11-16 | 2018-04-20 | 浙江中杭新材料科技有限公司 | The preparation method of high temperature resistant synchronous motor magnet steel |
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