CN114938245A - Distributed multi-antenna cooperative phase stabilization method and device for future broadband wireless communication - Google Patents
Distributed multi-antenna cooperative phase stabilization method and device for future broadband wireless communication Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种面向未来宽带无线通信的分布式多天线协同稳相方法与装置，装置由局端和各天线端通过光纤串联构成线型通信系统。各分布式多天线接收信号在天线端光电调制为不同波长的光信号，使用波分复用技术耦合进一路光纤传送至局端后通过光电转换得到原始射频信号。该系统局端利用延时抖动测量获得链路的延时变化，再向天线端发送控制信号，控制天线端光延迟线对链路延时抖动进行补偿。该装置可以实现无线通信系统中分布式多天线协同信号的稳相传输，便于多天线协同信号的集中统一处理，节约分布式多天线系统的建设和使用成本。本发明系统结构简单，易于实现，易于拓展。
The invention discloses a distributed multi-antenna cooperative phase stabilization method and device for future broadband wireless communication. The received signals of each distributed multi-antenna are photoelectrically modulated into optical signals of different wavelengths at the antenna end, which are coupled into an optical fiber by wavelength division multiplexing technology and transmitted to the central office to obtain the original radio frequency signal through photoelectric conversion. The central office of the system uses the delay jitter measurement to obtain the delay variation of the link, and then sends a control signal to the antenna end to control the optical delay line at the antenna end to compensate the link delay jitter. The device can realize stable phase transmission of distributed multi-antenna cooperative signals in a wireless communication system, facilitate centralized and unified processing of multi-antenna cooperative signals, and save construction and use costs of a distributed multi-antenna system. The system of the invention is simple in structure, easy to realize and easy to expand.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of microwave photon, and particularly relates to a distributed multi-antenna cooperative phase stabilization method and device for future broadband wireless communication.
Background
In the future, broadband wireless communication uses a distributed multi-antenna method to realize the transceiving of high-frequency carriers, antenna arrays are distributed in a relatively wide area, and the cooperation of multiple antennas becomes a problem to be considered by a system, for example, the antennas need to be synchronized in frequency, and along with the gradual increase of the communication frequency of the system, the system puts forward higher requirements on the stability of signals; furthermore, when the distance increases to a certain extent, the traditional radio frequency transmission method has serious signal attenuation, which provides a challenge for the transmission of multi-antenna cooperative signals distributed in a relatively wide area.
The optical fiber communication has the characteristics of large bandwidth, small attenuation, interference resistance and good confidentiality, is widely applied to long-distance data exchange and is distributed in global optical fiber networks, and the problems of large loss, less available bandwidth resources and poor confidentiality of the traditional microwave technology are solved. However, an optical fiber is not very stable in an environment, and is affected by mechanical stress and temperature change to cause random change of delay, while the phase of a signal is related to delay, and when the signal propagates in the optical fiber, the phase of the signal also drifts and shakes along with the change of the delay, so that the system performance is affected, and therefore, the purpose of the optical fiber phase-stable transmission technology is to inhibit the delay change of the optical fiber or ensure the phase stability of a transmitted radio frequency signal. The optical fiber phase-stabilizing transmission technology plays an important role in multi-base and distributed multi-antenna cooperative systems such as radar communication, deep space exploration and radar positioning. The speed of a future broadband wireless communication system reaches more than 10 times of the current speed, so that a higher requirement is required for a synchronous system, if the phase stabilization is not carried out on a long-distance optical fiber channel, signals are influenced by the delay change of an optical fiber link to deform during forward transmission and return transmission and reception, a large amount of clock recovery calculation needs to be carried out at a receiving end, and network blockage is probably caused when the data volume is large, so that the future high-speed mobile communication system has a higher requirement on the phase stabilization transmission technology.
With the rapid development of microwave photonics, more methods are provided for the phase-stable transmission and centralized processing of distributed multi-antenna cooperative signals. The delay compensation in the optical fiber phase-stable transmission is divided into active compensation and passive compensation, wherein the active compensation mainly utilizes a phase round-trip method to measure the delay change of the optical fiber in the environment, and then drives an active compensation means to carry out delay or signal phase compensation to inhibit the influence of the optical fiber. The compensation means for time delay comprises a tunable laser, a temperature control optical fiber delay line and the like, and has the disadvantages that the compensation range is limited, the change range of the length of the optical fiber needs to be considered, the bandwidth of a compensation loop is low, and the phase jitter above a certain frequency cannot be compensated; the passive compensation method has a faster compensation speed due to the theoretical use of only a mixer, but also has similar disadvantages as the active compensation method.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the present invention provides a distributed multi-antenna cooperative phase stabilization method and apparatus for future broadband wireless communication. The system consists of a local side and a plurality of antenna ends, realizes the optical fiber phase-stable transmission of the distributed multi-antenna cooperative signal based on delay jitter measurement and phase compensation, solves the problem that the distributed multi-antenna signal is dispersed in space and inconvenient to process in a centralized way, and saves the construction and use cost of the distributed multi-antenna system.
The local side receives the data signal uploaded by the antenna end, demultiplexes the data signal and obtains an original radio frequency signal fr through O/E beat frequency of the photoelectric conversion module i (ii) a When the system needs phase stabilization operation, the local side sends jitter measurement signals to each antenna end in sequence in a time-sharing manner for measuring the link delay jitter and calculating the compensation amount of the delay jitter, and finally broadcasts a control signal to the antenna end, and the antenna end completes the link phase stabilization operation;
the antenna end transmits the distributed multi-antenna receiving signalFrequency signal fr i Modulating to optical carriers lambda of different wavelengths by an electro-optical modulation module E/O i Each antenna end couples optical signals with different wavelengths to a path of optical fiber in a wavelength division multiplexing mode and transmits the optical signals to a local end; during the time delay jitter measurement, the antenna end reflects and transmits a jitter measurement signal back to the local end to serve as a feedback signal to complete the time delay jitter measurement of an optical link from the local end to the antenna end i; an antenna terminal i receives a control signal of a local terminal to complete phase compensation of an optical fiber between the local terminal and the antenna terminal i;
furthermore, the local side comprises a delay jitter measurement module, a first photoelectric modulation circuit, a first wavelength division multiplexer, a first photoelectric detector, a local side single chip microcomputer, a direct modulation laser and a photoelectric conversion module; wherein: the delay jitter measurement module generates a delay jitter measurement signal, the delay jitter measurement signal is converted into an optical signal through the first photoelectric modulator and transmitted to the antenna end, a feedback signal returned from the antenna end is converted into an electric signal through the first photoelectric detector, and the electric signal is subjected to phase discrimination in the delay jitter measurement module to obtain a phase signal related to optical link delay;
the local-side singlechip calculates the delay compensation quantity of the optical delay line according to the phase signal and sends a control signal;
the direct modulation laser is used for modulating the control instruction of the singlechip to the wavelength of lambda c On the optical carrier wave, the control signal is sent to each antenna end in a broadcasting mode;
the first wavelength division multiplexer couples optical signals with different wavelengths into the same optical fiber link for transmission;
the photoelectric conversion module converts the optical signal demultiplexed by the first wavelength division multiplexer into an electrical signal;
furthermore, the antenna end comprises an optical delay line, a second photoelectric modulation circuit, an electro-optical switch, a second wavelength division multiplexer, a third wavelength division multiplexer, an optical splitter, an optical filter, a second photoelectric detector, an antenna end single chip microcomputer and a Faraday rotation mirror; wherein: the second photoelectric modulation circuit modulates the multi-antenna cooperative signals to optical carriers with different wavelengths, and the optical signals with different wavelengths are coupled into an optical fiber through a second wavelength division multiplexer and are transmitted back to a local side; the electro-optical switch determines that a jitter measurement signal is coupled back to a main optical fiber to a subsequent antenna end through a third wavelength division multiplexer or reflected back to a local end through a Faraday rotating mirror according to an antenna end singlechip instruction to complete time delay jitter measurement of an optical fiber link from the local end to the antenna end;
the optical delay line can be controlled by the antenna end singlechip to change the delay of the optical signal and is used for compensating the delay change of a link so as to stabilize the phase of the transmission optical signal;
the optical splitter takes out 1% of light in the main optical fiber for extracting a control signal;
the antenna end single chip microcomputer is used for receiving a control signal sent by a local end, controlling the electro-optical switch switching of the antenna end and controlling the optical delay line to work;
furthermore, the delay jitter measurement module is used for generating jitter measurement signals RF, the RF reaches each antenna end i in sequence in a time-sharing manner, the delay jitter measurement signals are demultiplexed by the second wavelength division multiplexer and then reflected back to the local end by the faraday rotator, and the beat frequency is obtained by the optical first electric detector to obtain radio frequency signals RF ', and the RF' and the RF are phase-discriminated in the module to obtain phase signals with delay change information of the optical fiber link from the local end to the antenna end i; the phase signal is sent to the local-side singlechip to calculate the delay compensation quantity;
furthermore, the uplink data signal and the downlink jitter measurement and control signal of the system are transmitted in the same optical fiber in a wavelength division multiplexing mode to form a linear communication system; the jitter measurement signal is firstly subjected to wavelength division multiplexing demultiplexing and main optical path separation at each antenna end through a second wavelength division multiplexer, and is selected by an electro-optical switch to be reflected to a local end through a Faraday rotating mirror at the antenna end to complete time delay jitter measurement from the local end to an optical fiber link at the antenna end or is coupled to the main optical path through a third wavelength division multiplexer to be continuously transmitted to a subsequent antenna end; the transmission of uplink data signals is not influenced in the system delay jitter measurement process;
further, the phase stabilization process of the system is as follows: the local side sequentially sends a delay jitter measurement instruction to each antenna terminal i; gating a Faraday rotator optical path by an optical switch corresponding to the antenna end i, and reflecting a jitter measurement signal to a local side jitter measurement module to obtain a phase signal; the local side single chip microcomputer calculates the compensation amount of time delay according to the phase signal and sends a control signal to a corresponding antenna end i; and the antenna end i receives the control signal and drives the optical delay line to compensate the delay jitter of the optical fiber link between the local end and the antenna end i, and the delay jitter of the optical fiber between the local end and the antenna end i-1 is compensated by the antenna end i-1, so that the delay jitter compensation of the optical fiber between the antenna end i-1 and the antenna end i is equivalently completed by the antenna end i.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a system overall link diagram of the apparatus of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the local side and the antenna side 1 of the device of the present invention.
In the figure: the optical fiber laser comprises a laser 1-1, a Mach-Zehnder modulator 2-1, a first wavelength division multiplexer 3-4-a delay jitter measurement module, a first photoelectric detector 5-a local side single chip microcomputer 7-a directly modulated laser 8-a photoelectric conversion module 9-a single mode fiber 10-an optical delay line 11-a second wavelength division multiplexer 12-a third wavelength division multiplexer 13-a Faraday rotating mirror 14-an optical splitter 15-an optical filter 16-a second photoelectric detector 17-an antenna side single chip microcomputer 18-an electro-optical switch 19-3 and a Mach-Zehnder modulator 20-3.
Detailed Description
In order to describe the present invention more specifically, the following detailed description of the technical solution of the present invention is provided with reference to the accompanying drawings and the detailed description thereof:
as shown in fig. 1, the distributed multi-antenna cooperative phase stabilization apparatus for future broadband wireless communication according to the present invention includes a local side and m antenna ends, where the local side and each antenna end are connected in series through a single mode fiber to form a linear communication structure. Each antenna terminal i receives radio frequency signals fr received by distributed multiple antennas i By means of an electro-optical modulation module E/O, i.e. a second electro-optical modulation circuit comprising a laser 3 and a Mach-Zehnder 3 modulator, modulated to optical carriers λ of different wavelengths i In the above, each antenna end uses wavelength division multiplexing mode to transmit light λ with different wavelengths i Coupled to a path of optical fiber, transmitted to the local side for wavelength division multiplexing, and reduced into a radio frequency signal through an O/E module, namely a photoelectric conversion module 8Performing subsequent treatment after the number is signed; in the system, a local side is responsible for measuring delay jitter, and an antenna side is responsible for compensating optical fiber delay jitter; wherein:
fig. 2 is a structural diagram of the central office end and the antenna end according to the present invention. The local side comprises a laser LD1 No. 1, a Mach-Zehnder modulator MZM2 No. 1, a first wavelength division multiplexer WDM3, a delay jitter measurement module 4, a first photoelectric detector PD5, a local side single chip microcomputer MCU6, a direct modulation laser 7 and a photoelectric conversion module 8; the antenna end comprises a second wavelength division multiplexer 11, a third wavelength division multiplexer 12, a Faraday rotation mirror FRM13, an optical splitter 14, an optical filter 15, a second photoelectric detector 16, an antenna end single chip microcomputer 17, an electro-optical switch 18, a No. 3 laser 19 and a No. 3 Mach-Zehnder modulator 20;
when the antenna terminal i needs phase stabilization operation, the local side passing wavelength is lambda c The control optical circuit broadcasts the address of an antenna terminal i to each antenna terminal, the control signal reaches each antenna terminal through the optical splitter 14 of the antenna terminal, and each antenna terminal passes through the optical filter 15 to enable the control signal to correspond to the wavelength lambda c And filtering out a corresponding optical signal, converting the optical signal into an electrical signal through the second photoelectric detector 16, and controlling the electro-optical switch 18 to gate a corresponding reflection optical path of the faraday rotator 13 after the antenna end i receives address information sent by the local end. While a first electro-optical modulation circuit, including a laser 1 and a Mach-Zehnder modulator 1, RF modulates the jitter measurement signal to a wavelength λ 0 Is coupled into a main optical fiber through a wavelength division multiplexer 1 and is transmitted to an antenna end. The jitter measurement signal RF is reflected back to a local side through a first rotating mirror to obtain RF', the RF carries optical fiber link delay change information between the local side and an antenna end i, the RF enters a first photoelectric detector 5 and is converted into an electric signal, the electric signal is transmitted to a delay jitter measurement module 4 and is subjected to phase discrimination with the RF to generate a phase signal, a local side single chip microcomputer 6 calculates the delay jitter amount of the link according to the phase signal, the local side sends a control command to the antenna end i, an antenna end single chip microcomputer 17 receives the control command and controls an optical delay line 10 to complete delay jitter compensation of the optical fiber link between the local side and the antenna end i, and since the delay jitter of the optical fiber link between the local side and the antenna end i-1 is compensated by the antenna end i-1, the antenna end i performs compensation on the optical fiber link between the local side and the antenna end iThe delay jitter compensation of the link is equivalent to the delay jitter compensation of the optical fiber link between the antenna end i-1 and the antenna end i.
Assume that the initial phase of the RF is
τ comp,forward And τ comp,backward For forward and reverse transmission of signals, the active compensation means compensates for the delay, τ drift,forward And τ drift,backward For the time-delay variation of the optical fibre link during the forward and reverse transmission of signals, tau link,forward And τ link,backward When the signal is transmitted in the forward and reverse directions, the initial delay of the optical fiber link is realized. Time of change tau for delay of optical fiber link drift Time τ to and from optical fiber link with measurement signal round The method comprises the following steps:
τ round ＜＜τ drift (1)
it is possible to obtain:
τ comp,forward ＝τ comp,backward ＝τ comp (2)
the forward transmission delay variation is the same as the reverse transmission delay variation, and the initial forward and reverse transmission delays are also equal. f. of RF For the frequency of the RF signal, the local side phase detection result should be:
setting the initial phase as:
comparing the initial phase with the phase signal output by the phase discriminator, measuring the delay jitter, and then driving an optical delay line to actively compensate and change the delay according to the measurement result so as to ensure that the tau comp ＝-τ drift Is provided with
For the local side, the received signal and the delay jitter measurement signal pass through the same link, i.e. the same delay, and the phase change thereof is proportional to the phase change of the measurement signal, which should be
Therefore, the link delay is compensated, and the multi-antenna cooperative signal phase-stable transmission from the antenna end to the local end is realized.
Under the premise of stable phase, the wavelength of the distributed multi-antenna cooperative signal is lambda i And (i ═ 1,2,3.. m) the laser 3 and the mach-zehnder modulator 3 perform photoelectric modulation to obtain optical signals, the optical signals are coupled to a signal transmission link through a second wavelength division multiplexer, transmitted to a local end through a single-mode optical fiber and then demultiplexed through a first wavelength division multiplexer, and the original multi-antenna signals are obtained through beat frequency of the photoelectric conversion module 8. When the antenna end does not need phase stabilization operation, the electro-optical switch 18 gates another optical path, and the jitter measurement signal is coupled into the main optical fiber through the third wavelength division multiplexer 12 and reaches the subsequent antenna end.
The embodiments described above are presented to enable a person having ordinary skill in the art to make and use the invention. It will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications to the above-described examples can be made, and the generic principles described herein can be applied to other embodiments without the use of inventive faculty. Therefore, the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and those skilled in the art should make improvements and modifications to the present invention based on the disclosure of the present invention within the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. A distributed multi-antenna cooperative phase stabilization method and device for future broadband wireless communication are characterized by comprising a plurality of antenna ends and a local end, wherein the local end and each antenna end are connected in series through a path of optical fiber, and the method comprises the following steps:
the local side receives the optical signal uploaded by the antenna end, and the optical signal is subjected to wavelength division multiplexing and beat frequency to obtain an original received signal fr i (ii) a The local side can sequentially send jitter measurement signals to each antenna end in a time-sharing manner for measuring delay jitter and obtaining delay compensation quantity, and then broadcasts a control command to the antenna ends, and the antenna ends complete phase stabilization operation;
the antenna end receives radio frequency signals fr received by multiple antennas i Optical carrier lambda modulated to different wavelengths by means of electro-optical modulation i Optical signals at each antenna end are coupled to one path of optical fiber in a wavelength division multiplexing mode and transmitted to a local end; the antenna end i can reflect the jitter measurement signal to the local end to complete the delay jitter measurement of the optical link from the local end to the antenna end i; and the antenna end i receives the control signal of the local end to complete the delay compensation of the optical fiber link between the local end and the antenna end i.
2. The distributed multi-antenna cooperative phase stabilization method and device for future broadband wireless communication according to claim 1, wherein: the local side comprises a delay jitter measuring module, a first photoelectric modulation circuit, a first wavelength division multiplexer, a first photoelectric detector, a local side single chip microcomputer, a direct modulation laser and a photoelectric conversion module; wherein: the delay jitter measurement module generates a delay jitter measurement signal, the delay jitter measurement signal is converted into an optical signal through the first photoelectric modulator and transmitted to the antenna end, a feedback signal returned from the antenna end is converted into an electric signal through the first photoelectric detector, and the electric signal is subjected to phase discrimination in the delay jitter measurement module to obtain a phase signal related to optical link delay;
the local-side singlechip calculates the delay compensation quantity of the optical delay line according to the phase signal and sends a control signal;
the direct modulation laser is used for modulating a control instruction of the singlechip to a wavelength of lambda c On the optical carrier wave, the control signal is sent to each antenna end in a broadcasting mode;
the first wavelength division multiplexer couples optical signals with different wavelengths into the same optical fiber link for transmission;
the photoelectric conversion module converts the optical signal demultiplexed by the first wavelength division multiplexer into an electrical signal.
3. The distributed multi-antenna coordinated phase stabilization method and device for future broadband wireless communication according to claim 1, wherein: the antenna end comprises an optical delay line, a second photoelectric modulation circuit, an electro-optical switch, a second wavelength division multiplexer, a third wavelength division multiplexer, an optical splitter, an optical filter, a second photoelectric detector, an antenna end single chip microcomputer and a Faraday rotator mirror; wherein: the second photoelectric modulation circuit modulates the multi-antenna cooperative signals to optical carriers with different wavelengths, and the optical signals with different wavelengths are coupled into an optical fiber through a second wavelength division multiplexer and are transmitted back to a local side; the electro-optical switch determines that a jitter measurement signal is coupled back to a main optical fiber to a subsequent antenna end through a third wavelength division multiplexer or reflected back to a local end through a Faraday rotating mirror according to an antenna end singlechip instruction to complete time delay jitter measurement of an optical fiber link from the local end to the antenna end;
the optical delay line can be controlled by the antenna end singlechip to change the delay of the optical signal and is used for compensating the delay change of a link so as to stabilize the phase of the transmission optical signal;
the optical splitter takes out 1% of light in the main optical fiber for extracting a control signal;
the antenna end single chip microcomputer is used for receiving a control signal sent by a local end, controlling the electro-optical switch switching of the antenna end and controlling the optical delay line to work.
4. The distributed multi-antenna coordinated phase stabilization method and device for future broadband wireless communication according to claim 2, wherein: the delay jitter measurement module is used for generating jitter measurement signals RF which arrive at each antenna end i in a time-sharing mode in sequence, the delay jitter measurement signals are demultiplexed by the second wavelength division multiplexer and then reflected to a local end through a Faraday rotating mirror, a radio frequency signal RF 'is obtained by beat frequency of the optical first electric detector, and the RF' and the RF are subjected to phase discrimination in the module to obtain a phase signal with optical fiber link delay change information from the local end to the antenna end i; the phase signal is sent to the local-side singlechip to calculate the delay compensation quantity.
5. The distributed multi-antenna cooperative phase stabilization method and device for future broadband wireless communication according to claim 1, wherein: the uplink data signal and the downlink jitter measurement and control signal of the system are transmitted in the same optical fiber in a wavelength division multiplexing mode to form a linear communication system; the jitter measurement signal is firstly subjected to wavelength division multiplexing demultiplexing and main optical path separation at each antenna end through a second wavelength division multiplexer, and is selected by an electro-optical switch to be reflected to a local end through a Faraday rotating mirror at the antenna end to complete time delay jitter measurement from the local end to an optical fiber link at the antenna end or is coupled to the main optical path through a third wavelength division multiplexer to be continuously transmitted to a subsequent antenna end; the transmission of the uplink data signal is not influenced in the system delay jitter measurement process.
6. The distributed multi-antenna cooperative phase stabilization method and device for future broadband wireless communication according to claim 1, wherein: the phase stabilization process of the system is as follows: the local side sequentially sends a delay jitter measurement instruction to each antenna end i; gating a Faraday rotator optical path by an optical switch corresponding to the antenna end i, and reflecting a jitter measurement signal to a local side jitter measurement module to obtain a phase signal; the local side single chip microcomputer calculates the compensation amount of time delay according to the phase signal and sends a control signal to a corresponding antenna end i; and the antenna end i receives the control signal and drives the optical delay line to compensate the delay jitter of the optical fiber link between the local end and the antenna end i, and the delay jitter of the optical fiber between the local end and the antenna end i-1 is compensated by the antenna end i-1, so that the delay jitter compensation of the optical fiber between the antenna end i-1 and the antenna end i is equivalently completed by the antenna end i.
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| CN119861360A (en) * | 2024-12-31 | 2025-04-22 | 中国电子科技集团公司第二十九研究所 | Distributed microwave photon high-precision distance measuring device |
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