CN115347360A - Antenna - Google Patents

Abstract

The application provides an antenna, this antenna supports PCB board and radiating element through metal support piece, make form fretwork region between PCB board and the radiating element, replace traditional dielectric layer with fretwork region, replace conventional dielectric constant material with air, and air has lower dielectric constant for conventional dielectric constant material, can make radiating element's resonant frequency bandwidth wideer like this, make the antenna of this scheme design only have the monolayer, but receivable frequency channel is wideer, this scheme can receive a plurality of frequency channel signals of present location navigation, and then make under the antenna receiving frequency channel of this scheme design and the condition that traditional two-layer antenna differed a lot, simple structure has, lightweight and low-cost advantage.

Description

an antenna

technical field

The present application relates to the technical field of antenna design, and in particular, to an antenna.

Background technique

With the continuous improvement of my country's satellite navigation system construction, applications related to positioning and navigation have been vigorously developed, covering traditional surveying and mapping measurement to current hotspots such as unmanned automatic driving and drones.

In order to achieve high-precision navigation and positioning, current positioning equipment often receives satellite signals of different frequency bands such as Beidou, Global Positioning System (GPS) and Global Navigation Satellite System (Global Navigation Satellite System, GNSS) at the same time to achieve multi-system joint positioning , and further improve the positioning accuracy through real-time differential technology.

In order to meet the needs of positioning equipment to receive satellite signals in different frequency bands of navigation systems such as Beidou, GPS, and GNSS, current high-precision positioning equipment mostly adopts a two-piece stacked antenna scheme. The upper antenna corresponds to receiving Beidou B1 frequency band (1561MHz), GPS L1 frequency band (1575MHz) ), GNSS high-band satellite signals; the lower antenna corresponds to receiving Beidou B2 frequency band (1206MHz), B3 frequency band (1268MHz), GPS L2 frequency band (1227MHz) and other low-frequency satellite signals.

However, the current design of the upper and lower stacked antennas is too bulky to meet the requirements of lightweight antennas in some specific scenarios, and the structure is complex and the cost is high.

Contents of the invention

The purpose of the embodiments of the present application is to provide an antenna, which is used to provide a light-weight, simple-structure and low-cost antenna design, so as to solve the problems of large volume, complex structure and high cost existing in the current upper and lower stacked antennas .

In this embodiment, the present invention provides an antenna, which includes a PCB board, an antenna radiation unit, a feeding probe, and a metal support; the metal support supports the spacing between the antenna radiation unit and the PCB board, so that the antenna radiation unit and the PCB A hollow area is formed between the PCB boards; the lower surface of the antenna radiation unit is opposite to the upper surface of the PCB board; the feeding coupling layer of the antenna radiation unit is electrically connected to the feeding network of the PCB board through a feeding probe.

For the antenna designed above, this solution supports the PCB board and the radiation unit through metal supports, so that a hollow area is formed between the PCB board and the radiation unit, and the traditional dielectric layer is replaced by the hollow area, and the conventional dielectric constant material is replaced by air. Air has a lower dielectric constant than conventional dielectric constant materials, which can make the resonant frequency bandwidth of the radiating unit wider, so that although the antenna designed in this scheme has only a single layer, it can receive a wider frequency band, that is This solution can receive multiple frequency band signals of the current positioning and navigation system, for example, Beidou B1 frequency band (1561MHz), GPS L1 frequency band (1575MHz), GNSS high-frequency satellite signals; the lower antenna corresponds to receiving Beidou B2 frequency band (1206MHz), B3 frequency band ( 1268MHz), GPS L2 frequency band (1227MHz) and other low-frequency satellite signals, so that the receiving frequency band of the antenna designed by this scheme is almost the same as that of the traditional two-layer antenna, and has the advantages of simple structure, light weight and low cost.

In an optional implementation of this embodiment, the antenna radiating unit includes a passive dielectric plate antenna, a metal radiation layer, a coupled ground metal layer, and a feed coupling layer; the feed coupling layer is disposed on the lower surface of the passive dielectric plate antenna, The metal radiation layer and the coupled metal layer are arranged on the upper surface of the passive dielectric plate antenna.

In the implementation mode of the above design, in this solution, the metal radiation layer and the coupling metal layer are arranged on the upper surface of the same passive dielectric plate antenna, and the feeding coupling layer is arranged on the lower surface of the passive dielectric plate antenna, so that the designed antenna Concentrate on a passive dielectric plate antenna to make the antenna lightweight and miniaturized.

In an optional implementation manner of this embodiment, the passive dielectric plate antenna is circular; the metal radiation layer is a circular area with the same center as the passive dielectric plate antenna and a first radius value.

In an optional implementation manner of this embodiment, the coupling metal layer is arranged around the metal radiation layer; the radius of the coupling metal layer is greater than a first radius value, and there is a first distance between the coupling metal layer and the metal radiation layer.

In an optional implementation manner of this embodiment, the value range of the first distance is 1 mm to 10 mm.

In an optional implementation manner of this embodiment, the coupled metal layer includes a plurality of coupled metal segments; the number of metal supports is the same as that of the coupled metal segments; the first end of each metal support is connected to the corresponding coupling The ground metal segment is connected, and the opposite end of the first end of each metal support passes through the coupling ground metal layer, and the passive dielectric plate antenna is connected to the ground area of the PCB board, so as to connect the coupling ground metal layer and the ground terminal Connect and support the hollow area formed between the passive dielectric plate antenna and the PCB board.

In an optional implementation manner of this embodiment, the feed coupling layer includes four feed branches; the four feed branches are distributed and arranged on the lower surface of the passive dielectric plate antenna, and the four feed branches are sequentially spaced at 90 degrees.

In an optional implementation of this embodiment, the number of feeding probes is 4; the first end of each feeding probe is connected to the first end of the feeding branch and passes through the feeding coupling layer, passive dielectric plate antenna It is connected to the upper surface of the passive dielectric board antenna, and the opposite end of the first end of each feeding probe is connected to the feeding network of the PCB board.

In an optional implementation of this embodiment, the feed network of the PCB board includes 4 coaxial feed points, the first ends of the 4 coaxial feed points and the 4 feed branches are facing the first end of the feed probe The opposite end of the probe is connected to the coaxial feed point. Different feed probes are connected to different coaxial feed points to support the hollow area formed between the passive dielectric board antenna and the PCB board; the 4 coaxial feed points pass through The feed network of the bridge is used to feed the phases of 0 degrees, 90 degrees, 180 degrees, and 270 degrees respectively, so that the antenna can achieve circular polarization.

In an optional implementation manner of this embodiment, each feed branch is a feed straight line or a feed curve.

The above description is only an overview of the technical solution of the present application. In order to better understand the technical means of the present application, it can be implemented according to the contents of the description, and in order to make the above and other purposes, features and advantages of the present application more obvious and understandable , the following specifically cites the specific implementation manner of the present application.

Description of drawings

In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application, the accompanying drawings that need to be used in the embodiments of the present application will be briefly introduced below. It should be understood that the following drawings only show some embodiments of the present application, so It should not be regarded as a limitation on the scope, and those skilled in the art can also obtain other related drawings according to these drawings without creative work.

FIG. 1 is a schematic overall cross-sectional view of an antenna provided in an embodiment of the present application;

FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the upper surface structure of the passive dielectric plate antenna provided by the embodiment of the present application;

FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the lower surface structure of the passive dielectric plate antenna provided by the embodiment of the present application;

FIG. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a PCB board provided by an embodiment of the present application.

Icons: 10-PCB board; 110-feed network; 1110-coaxial feed point; 20-antenna radiation unit; 210-feed coupling layer; 2110-feed branch; 220-passive dielectric plate antenna; 2210- Metal hole; 230-metal radiation layer; 240-coupling metal layer; 2410-coupling metal segment; 30-feeding probe; 40-metal support; 50-hollow area.

Detailed ways

Embodiments of the technical solutions of the present application will be described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. The following examples are only used to illustrate the technical solution of the present application more clearly, and therefore are only examples, rather than limiting the protection scope of the present application.

Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by those skilled in the technical field of the application; the terms used herein are only for the purpose of describing specific embodiments, and are not intended to To limit this application; the terms "comprising" and "having" and any variations thereof in the specification and claims of this application and the description of the above drawings are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion.

In the description of the embodiments of the present application, technical terms such as "first" and "second" are only used to distinguish different objects, and should not be understood as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number, specificity, or specificity of the indicated technical features. Sequence or primary-secondary relationship. In the description of the embodiments of the present application, "plurality" means two or more, unless otherwise specifically defined.

Reference herein to an "embodiment" means that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment can be included in at least one embodiment of the present application. The occurrences of this phrase in various places in the specification are not necessarily all referring to the same embodiment, nor are separate or alternative embodiments mutually exclusive of other embodiments. It is understood explicitly and implicitly by those skilled in the art that the embodiments described herein can be combined with other embodiments.

In the description of the embodiment of the present application, the term "and/or" is only a kind of association relationship describing associated objects, which means that there may be three kinds of relationships, such as A and/or B, which may mean: A exists alone, and A exists at the same time and B, there are three cases of B alone. In addition, the character "/" in this article generally indicates that the contextual objects are an "or" relationship.

In the description of the embodiments of the present application, the term "multiple" refers to more than two (including two), similarly, "multiple groups" refers to more than two groups (including two), and "multiple pieces" refers to More than two pieces (including two pieces).

In the description of the embodiments of the present application, the technical terms "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "length", "width", "thickness", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical" "Horizontal", "Top", "Bottom", "Inner", "Outer", "Clockwise", "Counterclockwise", "Axial", "Radial", "Circumferential", etc. indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the drawings Orientation or positional relationship is only for the convenience of describing the embodiment of the present application and simplifying the description, and does not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as an implementation of the present application. Example limitations.

In the description of the embodiments of this application, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, technical terms such as "installation", "connection", "connection" and "fixation" should be interpreted in a broad sense, for example, it can be a fixed connection or a fixed connection. Disassembled connection, or integration; it can also be a mechanical connection, or an electrical connection; it can be a direct connection, or an indirect connection through an intermediary, and it can be the internal communication of two components or the interaction relationship between two components. Those of ordinary skill in the art can understand the specific meanings of the above terms in the embodiments of the present application according to specific situations.

With the continuous improvement of my country's satellite navigation system construction, applications related to positioning and navigation have been vigorously developed, covering traditional surveying and mapping measurement to current hotspots such as unmanned automatic driving and drones.

In order to achieve high-precision navigation and positioning, current positioning equipment often receives satellite signals of different frequency bands such as Beidou, Global Positioning System (GPS) and Global Navigation Satellite System (Global Navigation Satellite System, GNSS) at the same time to achieve multi-system joint positioning , and further improve the positioning accuracy through real-time differential technology. At present, high-precision positioning equipment mostly adopts the upper and lower two-piece stacked antenna scheme. The upper antenna corresponds to receiving Beidou B1 frequency band (1561MHz), GPS L1 frequency band (1575MHz), and GNSS high-frequency satellite signals; The lower antenna corresponds to receiving Beidou B2 frequency band (1206MHz), B3 frequency band (1268MHz), GPS L2 frequency band (1227MHz) and other low-frequency satellite signals.

The present inventors have found that, since current antennas generally use materials with a higher dielectric constant as the dielectric layer of the microstrip antenna, this will obviously reduce the bandwidth characteristics of the antenna, so that the bandwidth of the currently designed antenna is very narrow and very narrow. It is difficult to cover multiple frequency bands of various current satellite positioning systems, so the antenna design with the upper and lower layers covering different frequency bands can only be used, resulting in a large volume, complex structure and high cost.

In this regard, the present inventor has designed a kind of antenna, and this antenna replaces traditional medium layer with hollow design, uses air as dielectric constant medium to have lower dielectric constant, thereby makes the designed antenna reach wider bandwidth characteristic, like this The designed antenna can only have a single-layer structure, so that the antenna is lightweight, simple in structure and low in cost.

Specifically, the present application provides an antenna. As shown in FIG. The PCB board 10 is spaced to form a hollow area 50 between the antenna radiation unit 20 and the PCB board 10, the lower surface of the antenna radiation unit 20 is opposite to the upper surface of the PCB board 10, and the feed coupling layer 210 of the antenna radiation unit 20 passes through The feeding probe 30 is electrically connected to the feeding network 110 of the PCB board 10 . Wherein, the PCB board refers to a printed circuit board (Printed Circuit Board, PCB), and the metal supporting member 40 may be a metal screw, a metal rod, a metal probe, a metal sheet or other metal supporting members.

When the antenna designed in this application is applied, the antenna radiating unit 20, the hollow area 50, the feeding probe 30 and the feeding network 110 form a microstrip antenna, and the antenna radiating unit 20 generates a resonant frequency of a preset frequency band to receive signals and feed The electric probe 30 and the air in the hollow area 50 transmit the feed signal to the feed network 110 of the PCB board 10 , and the PCB board 10 outputs the feed signal through the feed network 110 .

For the antenna designed above, this solution supports the PCB board and the radiation unit through metal supports, so that a hollow area is formed between the PCB board and the radiation unit, and the traditional dielectric layer is replaced by the hollow area, and the conventional dielectric constant material is replaced by air. Air has a lower dielectric constant than conventional dielectric constant materials, which can make the resonant frequency bandwidth of the radiating unit wider, so that although the antenna designed in this scheme has only a single layer, it can receive a wider frequency band, that is This solution can receive multiple frequency band signals of the current positioning and navigation system, for example, Beidou B1 frequency band (1561MHz), GPS L1 frequency band (1575MHz), GNSS high-frequency satellite signals; the lower antenna corresponds to receiving Beidou B2 frequency band (1206MHz), B3 frequency band ( 1268MHz), GPS L2 frequency band (1227MHz) and other low-frequency satellite signals, so that the receiving frequency band of the antenna designed by this scheme is almost the same as that of the traditional two-layer antenna, and has the advantages of simple structure, light weight and low cost.

In an optional implementation of this embodiment, as shown in FIG. 2 and FIG. 3 , the antenna radiating unit 20 includes a feeding coupling layer 210, a passive dielectric plate antenna 220, a metal radiation layer 230, and a coupling ground metal layer 240, The feeding coupling layer 210 is disposed on the lower surface of the passive dielectric plate antenna 220 , and the metal radiation layer 230 and the coupling ground metal layer 240 are disposed on the upper surface of the passive dielectric plate antenna 220 . The passive dielectric plate antenna 220 generates a resonant frequency of a preset frequency band through the metal radiation layer 230, thereby receiving signals, the coupling ground metal layer 240 is used for grounding, and the feeding coupling layer 210 is used for generating a feeding signal according to the received signal And combined with the hollow area 50 to transmit to the feed network 110 on the PCB board 10 .

As a possible implementation manner, as shown in FIG. 2 , the passive dielectric plate antenna 220 may be circular, and the metal radiation layer 230 is a circular area with the same center of the passive dielectric plate antenna 220 and a first radius value, Wherein, the first radius value is smaller than the radius of the passive dielectric plate antenna 220 . What needs to be explained here is that the passive dielectric plate antenna 220 in this solution can also adopt other shapes of dielectric plate antennas, such as regular polygon, square, etc., in addition to the circular shape.

In an optional implementation of this embodiment, on the basis that the metal radiation layer 230 is a circular area, the coupling metal layer 240 can be arranged around the metal radiation layer, and the coupling metal layer 240 has a radius larger than that of the metal radiation layer. 230 , and there is a first distance between the coupling ground metal layer 240 and the metal radiation layer 230 .

As a possible implementation manner, as shown in FIG. 2, the coupling metal layer 240 may include a plurality of coupling metal segments 2410, for example, 8 as shown in FIG. The number of the coupled metal segments 2410 is the same, the first end of each metal support 40 is connected to the corresponding coupled metal segment 2410, and the opposite end of the first end of each metal support 40 passes through the coupled metal layer 240 . The passive dielectric plate antenna 220 is connected to the ground area of the PCB board 10 . The design of this embodiment not only connects the coupling ground metal layer 240 of the antenna radiating unit 20 to the ground end of the PCB, but also welds the metal support member 40 around the antenna to play a role of stable support. It should be noted here that the coupling metal layer 240 may be in the shape of a ring or other shapes in addition to the plurality of coupling metal segments 2410 as shown in FIG. 3 .

In an optional implementation of this embodiment, in the case where the coupling ground metal layer 240 is arranged around the metal radiation layer 230 described above, there is a first distance between the coupling ground metal layer 240 and the metal radiation layer, and the first The value range of the spacing may be 1 mm to 10 mm. For example, the first distance can be any one of 1mm, 2mm, 3mm, 4mm, 5mm, 6mm, 7mm, 8mm, 9mm and 10mm.

In an optional implementation of this embodiment, it has been described above that the feed coupling layer 210 is disposed on the lower surface of the passive dielectric plate antenna 220. Specifically, as shown in FIG. 3 , the feed coupling layer 210 may include four Feeding branches 2110, the four feeding branches 2110 are distributed and arranged on the lower surface of the passive dielectric plate antenna, and the four feeding branches are sequentially spaced at 90 degrees. On this basis, the number of feeding probes 30 is also 4, the first end of each feeding probe 30 is connected to the first end of a feeding branch 2110 and passes through the feeding coupling layer 210, the passive medium The plate antenna 220 is connected to the upper surface of the passive dielectric plate antenna 220 , and the opposite end of the first end of each feeding probe 30 is connected to the feeding network 110 of the PCB 10 . Wherein, the upper surface of the passive dielectric plate antenna 220 may be provided with four metal holes 2210 , and each metal hole 2210 is welded to the first end of a feeding probe 30 , so that the feeding probe 30 is fixed. Wherein, the shape of the metal hole 2210 is adapted to the shape of the feeding probe 30, for example, when the feeding probe 30 is cylindrical, the metal hole 2210 is a circular hole; shape, the metal hole 2210 is a square hole.

In an optional implementation of this embodiment, on the basis of the feed coupling layer 210 designed above, as shown in FIG. 4 , the feed network 110 of the PCB 10 includes four coaxial feed points 1110, four The coaxial feeding point 1110 is directly opposite to the first ends of the four feeding branches 2110, and the opposite end of the first end of the feeding probe 30 is connected to the coaxial feeding point 1110, and different feeding probes 30 are connected The coaxial feed point 1110 is different, and the four coaxial feed points 1110 are fed by the feed network 110 of the bridge at the phases of 0 degrees, 90 degrees, 180 degrees, and 270 degrees respectively, so that the antenna realizes circular polarization , while supporting the hollow area 50 formed between the passive dielectric plate antenna 220 and the PCB 10 .

In an optional implementation of this embodiment, the four feeding branches 2110 may be in the form of a straight line as shown in FIG. 3 . In addition to the straight line, the four feeding branches may also be in the form of curves or other shapes.

In an optional implementation manner of this embodiment, the radius of the circle where the opposite ends of the first ends of the two opposite feed branches 2110 in the feed coupling layer 210 are located is smaller than or equal to the radius of the metal radiation layer 230 .

Finally, it should be noted that: the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present application, and are not intended to limit it; although the application has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those of ordinary skill in the art should understand that: It is still possible to modify the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or perform equivalent replacements for some or all of the technical features; and these modifications or replacements do not make the essence of the corresponding technical solutions deviate from the technical solutions of the various embodiments of the present application. All of them should be covered by the scope of the claims and description of the present application. In particular, as long as there is no structural conflict, the technical features mentioned in the various embodiments can be combined in any manner. The present application is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed herein, but includes all technical solutions falling within the scope of the claims.

Claims (10)

1. An antenna, characterized in that the antenna comprises a PCB board, an antenna radiation unit, a feed probe and a metal support;

the metal support part supports the antenna radiation unit and the PCB board to form a hollow area between the antenna radiation unit and the PCB board;

the lower surface of the antenna radiation unit is opposite to the upper surface of the PCB;

and the feed coupling layer of the antenna radiation unit is electrically connected with the feed network of the PCB board through the feed probe.

2. The antenna of claim 1, wherein the antenna radiating element comprises a passive dielectric slab antenna, a metal radiating layer, a ground coupling metal layer, and the feed coupling layer;

the feed coupling layer is arranged on the lower surface of the passive dielectric slab antenna, and the metal radiation layer and the coupling ground metal layer are arranged on the upper surface of the passive dielectric slab antenna.

3. The antenna of claim 2, wherein the passive dielectric plate antenna is circular;

the metal radiation layer is a circular area which has the same circle center as the passive dielectric slab antenna and has a first radius value.

4. The antenna of claim 3, wherein the ground coupling metal layer is disposed around the metal radiating layer;

the radius of the ground coupling metal layer is larger than the first radius value, and a first distance is formed between the ground coupling metal layer and the metal radiation layer.

5. The antenna of claim 4, wherein the first spacing has a value in the range of 1mm to 10mm.

6. The antenna of claim 2, wherein the ground coupling metal layer comprises a plurality of ground coupling metal segments;

the number of the metal supports is the same as that of the metal sections of the coupling ground;

the first end of each metal supporting piece is connected with the corresponding coupling ground metal section, the opposite end of the first end of each metal supporting piece penetrates through the coupling ground metal layer and the passive dielectric plate antenna to be connected with the grounding area of the PCB, so that the coupling ground metal layer is connected with the grounding end, and the passive dielectric plate antenna is supported to form the hollow area between the passive dielectric plate antenna and the PCB.

7. The antenna of claim 2, wherein the feed coupling layer comprises four feed branches;

the four feeding branches are distributed on the lower surface of the passive dielectric slab antenna and are sequentially spaced by 90 degrees.

8. The antenna of claim 7, wherein the number of feed probes is 4;

the first end of each probe is connected with the first end of the feed branch and penetrates through the feed coupling layer and the passive dielectric slab antenna to be connected with the upper surface of the passive dielectric slab antenna, and the opposite end of the first end of each feed probe is connected with the feed network of the PCB.

9. The antenna of claim 8, wherein the feed network of the PCB board comprises 4 coaxial feed points, the 4 coaxial feed points being directly opposite the first ends of the 4 feed branches;

the opposite end of the first end of the feed probe is connected with the coaxial feed point, and the coaxial feed points connected with different feed probes are different so as to support the hollow area formed between the passive dielectric slab antenna and the PCB;

the 4 coaxial feeding points respectively feed at phases of 0 degree, 90 degrees, 180 degrees and 270 degrees by using a feeding network of a bridge, so that the antenna realizes circular polarization.

10. An antenna according to claim 7, wherein each feed branch is a feed line or a feed curve.

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