CN115366331B - Skeleton-polymer composite structure and preparation method thereof - Google Patents

Skeleton-polymer composite structure and preparation method thereof

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Publication number
CN115366331B
CN115366331B CN202211022346.2A CN202211022346A CN115366331B CN 115366331 B CN115366331 B CN 115366331B CN 202211022346 A CN202211022346 A CN 202211022346A CN 115366331 B CN115366331 B CN 115366331B
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Prior art keywords
skeleton
outer layer
composite structure
powder
polymer composite
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CN202211022346.2A
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CN115366331A (en
Inventor
纪志军
伍凯
邹超
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Deyiwei 3d Printing Technology Taicang Co ltd
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Deyiwei 3d Printing Technology Taicang Co ltd
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Publication of CN115366331A publication Critical patent/CN115366331A/en
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C45/00—Injection moulding, i.e. forcing the required volume of moulding material through a nozzle into a closed mould; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C45/14—Injection moulding, i.e. forcing the required volume of moulding material through a nozzle into a closed mould; Apparatus therefor incorporating preformed parts or layers, e.g. injection moulding around inserts or for coating articles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
    • B22F10/10—Formation of a green body
    • B22F10/14—Formation of a green body by jetting of binder onto a bed of metal powder
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
    • B22F10/60—Treatment of workpieces or articles after build-up
    • B22F10/64—Treatment of workpieces or articles after build-up by thermal means
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
    • B22F3/10—Sintering only
    • B22F3/11—Making porous workpieces or articles
    • B22F3/1121—Making porous workpieces or articles by using decomposable, meltable or sublimatable fillers
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
    • B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
    • B33Y10/00—Processes of additive manufacturing
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
    • B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
    • B33Y70/00—Materials specially adapted for additive manufacturing
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
    • B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
    • B33Y70/00—Materials specially adapted for additive manufacturing
    • B33Y70/10—Composites of different types of material, e.g. mixtures of ceramics and polymers or mixtures of metals and biomaterials

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Composite Materials (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a preparation method of a skeleton-polymer composite structure, which comprises the steps of drawing a three-dimensional structure model of a skeleton, preparing the skeleton by adopting an adhesive injection additive manufacturing process based on the three-dimensional structure model of the skeleton, placing the prepared skeleton into an injection mold, injecting a polymer serving as an injection raw material into a cavity of the injection mold, cooling and demolding to obtain the skeleton-polymer composite structure. Compared with the conventional 3D printing process such as laser 3D printing, the preparation method provided by the invention can adapt to the preparation requirements of frameworks with different shapes and complex structures, can effectively improve the production efficiency, can simultaneously perform green body preparation, sintering molding and injection molding production, and is beneficial to realizing production line operation.

Description

Skeleton-polymer composite structure and preparation method thereof
Technical Field
The invention relates to a skeleton-polymer composite structure and a preparation method thereof.
Background
With the development of advanced technology industries such as aviation, aerospace and ships, the requirements on lightweight load-bearing/energy-absorbing materials, structures and the like are higher and higher, and in addition, in the fields of consumer electronics and the like, the requirements on lightweight weight reduction, waterproof sealing and the like are also higher and higher. The composite structure of the skeleton-polymer can simultaneously meet the requirements of structural strength, light weight, energy absorption/waterproof sealing and the like, at present, the composite structure of the skeleton-polymer is mainly prepared by an injection molding process, the preparation efficiency is low, the process of preparing the skeleton by adopting a laser 3D printing mode and the like and then realizing the compounding of the skeleton and the polymer by the injection molding process is also available, but the process has the problems of lower production efficiency and the like when preparing the skeleton with a complex structure/shape, and the bonding property between the skeleton and the polymer needs to be improved, especially in the fields of aviation, aerospace, ships, weaponry and the like, and the working reliability and the safety are influenced by easy separation between the polymer and the skeleton after the environment is worse or the service for a long time.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention relates to a skeleton-polymer composite structure and a preparation method thereof, which can at least solve part of defects in the prior art.
The invention relates to a preparation method of a skeleton-polymer composite structure, which comprises the following steps:
Drawing a three-dimensional structure model of the framework;
preparing a skeleton by adopting an adhesive injection additive manufacturing process based on a three-dimensional structure model of the skeleton;
and (3) placing the prepared framework into an injection mold, injecting a polymer serving as an injection raw material into a cavity of the injection mold, cooling and demolding to obtain the framework-polymer composite structure.
In one embodiment, at least part of the ribs in the skeleton comprise an inner core and an outer layer, the outer layer adopts large-particle powder raw materials to form surface layer pores in the outer layer, the average particle size of the large-particle powder raw materials is in the range of 80-360 mu m, and polymers fill the surface layer pores during injection molding.
As one of the implementation modes, the inner core adopts small-particle powder raw materials, and the average particle size of the small-particle powder raw materials is in the range of 5-60 mu m.
As one embodiment, the inner core material is at least one of metal powder, nylon powder and ceramic powder, and the outer layer material is metal powder or ceramic powder.
In one embodiment, at least part of the ribs in the skeleton comprise an inner core and an outer layer, wherein the outer layer adopts a mixture of material A and material B, the material B is gasified at the sintering temperature of the inner core and the material A, so that surface layer pores are formed in the outer layer, and the polymer fills the surface layer pores during injection molding.
As one of the implementation modes, the inner core is also made of material A, and the particle size of the material A of the inner core is not larger than that of the material A of the outer layer.
In one embodiment, the material A is metal powder, and the material B is nonmetal powder.
As one embodiment, the polymer is an epoxy resin.
As one embodiment, the skeleton is a lattice skeleton.
The invention also provides a skeleton-polymer composite structure, which is prepared based on the preparation method of the skeleton-polymer composite structure.
The invention has at least the following beneficial effects:
Compared with the conventional 3D printing process such as laser 3D printing, the preparation method provided by the invention can adapt to the preparation requirements of frameworks with different shapes and complex structures, can effectively improve the production efficiency, can simultaneously perform green body preparation, sintering molding and injection molding production, and is beneficial to realizing production line operation.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings that are required in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly described, it being obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the invention, and that other drawings may be obtained according to these drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a skeleton according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a skeleton-polymer composite structure according to an embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 3 is a schematic structural view of a powder paving box according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a combined schematic of multiple compact boxes.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present invention will be made clearly and completely, and it is apparent that the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
Example 1
The embodiment of the invention provides a preparation method of a skeleton-polymer composite structure, which comprises the following steps:
Drawing a three-dimensional structure model of the skeleton 11;
based on a three-dimensional structure model of the framework 11, preparing the framework 11 by adopting an adhesive injection additive manufacturing process;
And (3) placing the prepared skeleton 11 into an injection mold, injecting a polymer 12 serving as an injection molding raw material into a cavity of the injection mold, cooling and demolding to obtain the skeleton-polymer composite structure.
Wherein, the drawing of the three-dimensional structure model is generally realized by related model drawing software, such as Solidworks or Rhino software and the like.
The skeleton 11 may be designed into a corresponding shape according to the actual product requirement, for example, a column shape, a ring shape, a hollow body (for example, a hollow sphere), and the like. In one embodiment, as shown in fig. 1 and 2, the skeleton 11 is a lattice skeleton 11, and the node units of the lattice skeleton 11 may be in the shape of a pyramid, a prism, a sphere, or the like, and the three-dimensional structure model may be drawn according to the designed skeleton 11 shape.
Compared with the conventional 3D printing process such as laser 3D printing, the preparation method provided by the embodiment can adapt to the preparation requirements of the frameworks 11 with different shapes and complex structures, can effectively improve the production efficiency, can simultaneously perform green body preparation, sintering molding and injection molding production, and is beneficial to realizing production line operation.
In one embodiment, at least part of the ribs of the skeleton 11 include an inner core and an outer layer, the outer layer is made of a large-particle powder material to form surface pores in the outer layer, the average particle size of the large-particle powder material is 80-360 μm, and more preferably is controlled to be 120-200 μm, and the polymer 12 fills the surface pores during injection molding. Based on the scheme, the bonding property between the polymer 12 and the skeleton 11 can be effectively improved, the skeleton 11 can better support and restrain the polymer 12, so that the structural strength and the working reliability of the skeleton-polymer composite structure are improved, the outer layer has relatively large porosity, the self weight of the skeleton 11 and the composite structure can be reduced, the pores of the outer layer can be filled with the polymer 12, the structural performance of the outer layer can be improved to a certain extent, meanwhile, the weather resistance of the skeleton 11 and the like can be improved, and the control of the porosity and the pore size of the outer layer can be realized by only selecting the particle size of the powder raw material of the outer layer based on the characteristics of an adhesive injection additive manufacturing process, so that the process is simple and easy to control, and the product has higher consistency.
Further, the inner core adopts small-particle powder raw materials, and the average particle size of the small-particle powder raw materials is within the range of 5-60 mu m. The inner core adopts small particle powder raw materials, can ensure the structural compactness, structural strength and other performances of the inner core after sintering and forming, thereby ensuring the structural strength, rigidity and other performances of the skeleton 11, avoiding the condition that the structural performance of the skeleton 11 is reduced due to the structural porosity of the rib outer layer, in particular, in the inner core-outer layer structure, due to the structural characteristics of the outer layer, the adhesive in the inner core green body is easier to remove in degreasing operation, the structural performance of the inner core is obviously improved, and the problem that the adhesive is easy to remain in the traditional process is overcome.
The frame 11 is preferably a metal frame 11, and the inner core and the outer layer may be made of the same material or different materials. In one embodiment, the inner core material is at least one of metal powder, nylon powder and ceramic powder, and the outer layer material is metal powder or ceramic powder, wherein the metal powder can be titanium alloy powder, stainless steel powder, superalloy powder, refractory metal (such as molybdenum, tantalum, tungsten, etc.) powder, etc.
In another embodiment, at least a portion of the ribs in the skeleton 11 comprise an inner core and an outer layer of a mixture of materials A and B, wherein material B is gasified at the sintering temperature of the inner core and material A to form skin voids in the outer layer, and wherein the polymer 12 fills the skin voids during injection molding. Based on the scheme, the bonding property between the polymer 12 and the skeleton 11 can be effectively improved, so that the skeleton 11 can better support and restrain the polymer 12, thereby improving the structural strength and the working reliability of the skeleton-polymer composite structure, the outer layer has relatively large porosity, the self weight of the skeleton 11 and the composite structure can be reduced, the pores of the outer layer can be filled with the polymer 12, the structural performance of the outer layer can be improved to a certain extent, and the weather resistance such as corrosion resistance of the skeleton 11 can be improved.
Further, the inner core is also made of material A, and the particle size of the material A of the inner core is preferably not larger than that of the material A of the outer layer. For example, the particle diameter of the material A of the inner core is the same as that of the material A of the outer layer, so that the variety of powder raw materials can be reduced, the actual production is convenient, and the cost is reduced.
In one embodiment, the particle size of the material B is larger than that of the material a, so that the material a with smaller particle size is selected to correspondingly improve the structural performance of the outer layer under the condition of meeting the requirement of the pore size of the outer layer.
The framework 11 is preferably a metal framework 11, that is, the material a is a metal material, for example, titanium alloy powder, stainless steel powder, high-temperature alloy powder, refractory metal (such as molybdenum, tantalum, tungsten, etc.) powder, etc., and the material B may be a metal powder or a non-metal powder, so as to meet the requirement of being gasified at the sintering temperature of the material a.
The volume ratio of the material A to the material B is considered based on the porosity design of the outer layer, and in one embodiment, the volume ratio of the material A to the material B is in the range of 3:10-7:10.
In one embodiment, the polymer 12 is an epoxy.
The embodiment of the invention also provides a skeleton-polymer composite structure, which is prepared based on the preparation method of the skeleton-polymer composite structure.
Optionally, the composite structure can be used for various application scenes such as active energy absorption and buffer protection during armor protection impact, weight reduction of an aerospace lightweight structure, weight reduction of consumer electronics, waterproof sealing and the like.
Example two
The embodiment provides a powder paving box 2, which is mainly used in additive manufacturing production.
The powder paving box 2 comprises a box body 21, the box body 21 can adopt the same appearance structure with the powder paving box 2 in the field of additive manufacturing, is convenient to install in a printer, and can be provided with a powder box driving mechanism, and the powder box driving mechanism is not described in detail herein.
Compared with the conventional powder paving box 2 adopting a continuous blanking port 22 mode, the powder paving box 2 provided by the embodiment is provided with a plurality of blanking ports 22 at the bottom of the box body 21, the blanking ports 22 are arranged at intervals in a straight line in sequence, and the blanking ports 22 are respectively provided with a discharge valve.
Based on the design, the powder paving flexibility and the working reliability of the powder paving box 2 can be improved, the powder paving operation of products with different shapes can be conveniently finished, for example, the powder paving requirements of an annular structure, a sectional structure, a hollow structure and the like can be met, and particularly, the whole or part of the blanking ports 22 of the powder paving box 2 can be controlled to carry out the blanking operation through a controller (such as a computer and the like) according to a three-dimensional structure model of a target product.
The blanking port 22 may be a square blanking port 22, the length of the blanking port 22 is within 1-10 mm, and the width of the blanking port 22 is within 1-10 mm, or the blanking port 22 may be a round blanking port 22, and the diameter of the blanking port 22 is within 1-10 mm.
The blanking ports 22 are preferably arranged at equal intervals. In one embodiment, the spacing between adjacent blanking ports 22 is in the range of 3-30 mm.
The number of the blanking ports 22 is designed according to specific working conditions, and of course, the design can be performed according to the requirement of the maximum number of the blanking ports 22, and in actual production, part of the blanking ports 22 can be selectively opened, wherein in the embodiment, the number of the blanking ports 22 is in the range of 3-10.
Further preferably, as shown in fig. 3, a plurality of partition plates 23 are provided in the box 21, each partition plate 23 forms the lower part of the box 21 into a plurality of blanking bins, each blanking port 22 is correspondingly provided at the bottom of each blanking bin, and based on this structure, each blanking port 22 can have a proper material pressure, so as to ensure the powder spreading effect.
Preferably, as shown in fig. 3, the bottom of the box body 21 adopts a tapered structure with a wide upper part and a narrow lower part, so that relatively large material pressure can be obtained at the blanking port 22, and the powder spreading effect and efficiency are ensured.
It will be appreciated that the powder coating box 2 provided in this embodiment can be used in the first embodiment described above to perform the relevant powder coating operation therein, for example, to perform powder coating of the inner core or the outer layer, and the corresponding powder raw materials can be stored in the box body 21.
The discharge valve can be a knife gate valve, a flap valve and other valves, and the valve driving mode is automatic driving, such as electric driving or pneumatic driving.
The embodiment also provides an additive manufacturing device, which comprises a machine body, wherein the machine body is provided with a powder paving mechanism, and the powder paving mechanism comprises a plurality of powder paving boxes 2.
Wherein each powder box 2 is used for storing different powder raw materials, for example, when the embodiment is applied, two powder boxes 2 can be configured, wherein one powder box 2 is used for storing the powder raw materials used for the inner core, and the other powder box 2 is used for storing the powder raw materials used for the outer layer.
Wherein, as shown in fig. 4, the powder boxes 2 are arranged in a straight line, and the arrangement direction is perpendicular to the arrangement direction of the blanking ports 22 of the single powder box 2.
Preferably, each powder paving box 2 is respectively provided with a powder box driving mechanism, namely, each powder paving box 2 is independently driven, so that the powder paving operation requirements of different raw materials can be ensured, and the working flexibility and the reliability are higher.
In one embodiment, the additive manufacturing apparatus is an adhesive injection additive manufacturing device, and accordingly, an adhesive injection module is further disposed on the machine body, which is a conventional structure in the art and is omitted herein.
The foregoing description of the preferred embodiments of the invention is not intended to be limiting, but rather is intended to cover all modifications, equivalents, alternatives, and improvements that fall within the spirit and scope of the invention.

Claims (7)

1.一种骨架-聚合物复合结构的制备方法，其特征在于，包括：1. A method for preparing a skeleton-polymer composite structure, comprising: 绘制骨架的三维结构模型；Draw a three-dimensional structural model of the skeleton; 基于骨架的三维结构模型，采用粘接剂喷射增材制造工艺制备得到骨架；Based on the three-dimensional structural model of the skeleton, the skeleton was prepared by using the adhesive jet additive manufacturing process; 将制备得到的骨架放入注塑模具中，采用聚合物作为注塑原料注入所述注塑模具的型腔中，冷却降温并进行脱模操作，得到骨架-聚合物复合结构；placing the prepared skeleton into an injection mold, injecting a polymer as an injection raw material into the cavity of the injection mold, cooling and performing a demoulding operation to obtain a skeleton-polymer composite structure; 所述骨架中，至少部分骨棱包括内芯和外层，所述外层采用大颗粒粉末原料以在所述外层中形成表层孔隙，所述大颗粒粉末原料的平均粒径在80～360μm范围内；所述内芯采用小颗粒粉末原料，所述小颗粒粉末原料的平均粒径在5～60μm范围内；In the skeleton, at least part of the bone ridge includes an inner core and an outer layer, the outer layer is made of large-particle powder raw material to form surface pores in the outer layer, and the average particle size of the large-particle powder raw material is in the range of 80 to 360 μm; the inner core is made of small-particle powder raw material, and the average particle size of the small-particle powder raw material is in the range of 5 to 60 μm; 或者，所述外层采用A料和B料的混合料，其中，B料在内芯和A料的烧结温度下被气化，从而在所述外层中形成表层孔隙；Alternatively, the outer layer is made of a mixture of material A and material B, wherein material B is gasified at the sintering temperature of the inner core and material A, thereby forming surface pores in the outer layer; 注塑成型时，聚合物填充所述表层孔隙。During injection molding, the polymer fills the surface pores. 2.如权利要求1所述的骨架-聚合物复合结构的制备方法，其特征在于：所述外层采用大颗粒粉末原料，且所述内芯采用小颗粒粉末原料时，内芯原料为金属粉末、尼龙粉末和陶瓷粉末中的至少一种，外层原料为金属粉末或陶瓷粉末。2. The method for preparing a skeleton-polymer composite structure as described in claim 1 is characterized in that: when the outer layer uses large-particle powder raw material and the inner core uses small-particle powder raw material, the inner core raw material is at least one of metal powder, nylon powder and ceramic powder, and the outer layer raw material is metal powder or ceramic powder. 3.如权利要求1所述的骨架-聚合物复合结构的制备方法，其特征在于：所述外层采用A料和B料的混合料时，所述内芯也采用A料，内芯的A料粒径不大于外层的A料粒径。3. The method for preparing a skeleton-polymer composite structure as described in claim 1 is characterized in that: when the outer layer adopts a mixture of material A and material B, the inner core also adopts material A, and the particle size of material A in the inner core is not larger than the particle size of material A in the outer layer. 4.如权利要求1所述的骨架-聚合物复合结构的制备方法，其特征在于：所述外层采用A料和B料的混合料时，所述A料为金属粉末；所述B料为非金属粉末。4. The method for preparing a skeleton-polymer composite structure according to claim 1, wherein when the outer layer is made of a mixture of material A and material B, material A is metal powder and material B is non-metal powder. 5.如权利要求1所述的骨架-聚合物复合结构的制备方法，其特征在于：所述聚合物为环氧树脂。5 . The method for preparing a skeleton-polymer composite structure according to claim 1 , wherein the polymer is an epoxy resin. 6.如权利要求1至5中任一项所述的骨架-聚合物复合结构的制备方法，其特征在于：所述骨架为点阵骨架。6 . The method for preparing a skeleton-polymer composite structure according to claim 1 , wherein the skeleton is a lattice skeleton. 7.一种骨架-聚合物复合结构，其特征在于：其基于权利要求1至6中任一项所述的骨架-聚合物复合结构的制备方法制备得到。7. A skeleton-polymer composite structure, characterized in that it is prepared based on the preparation method of the skeleton-polymer composite structure according to any one of claims 1 to 6.
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CN106808712A (en) * 2015-12-01 2017-06-09 波音公司 For many tool-free preforms of plane fibers matrix of resin infusion
CN113754412A (en) * 2021-09-15 2021-12-07 北京理工大学 A kind of preparation method of high-strength energy-absorbing ceramic-polymer composite structure and product thereof

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