CN116005443A - Manufacturing method of comfortable antibacterial protective clothing fabric and manufactured fabric - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention provides a manufacturing method of comfortable antibacterial protective clothing fabric and the manufactured fabric, wherein the comfortable antibacterial protective clothing fabric is obtained by carrying out electron beam irradiation grafting modification on polylactic acid elastic fibers and high-cool-feeling high-strength high-modulus polyethylene fibers after being mixed. The polylactic acid elastic fiber is prepared by mixing polylactic acid elastic fibers obtained by double-component melt spinning and elasticizing of PLA raw materials with different intrinsic viscosities with high-cool-feeling high-strength high-modulus polyethylene fibers, and then carrying out electron beam irradiation grafting modification on the fabric with cation functional groups. The method solves the problem that the functionality (such as antibacterial property, wear resistance and the like) and wearing comfort are difficult to realize simultaneously in the existing protective clothing fabric production process. The comfortable antibacterial protective clothing fabric prepared by the method has lasting antibacterial property and soft hand feeling, and meanwhile, has high wear resistance and contact cooling feeling. The electron beam irradiation grafting modification technology is utilized to solve the problems that the effect is poor after the conventional antibacterial washing and the initiator and other possibly toxic substances need to be introduced in the conventional irradiation grafting.

Description

A kind of manufacturing method of comfortable antibacterial protective clothing fabric and prepared fabric

technical field

The invention belongs to the field of protective clothing fabrics, and in particular relates to a method for manufacturing comfortable antibacterial protective clothing fabrics and the prepared fabrics.

Background technique

Protective clothing refers to work clothes that defend against physical, chemical, and biological external factors and protect the human body. In addition to meeting the wearing requirements of high strength and high wear resistance, they often vary due to different protection purposes and protection principles. The categories include fire protection clothing, industrial protective clothing, medical protective clothing, military protective clothing and protective clothing for special populations. In recent years, with the recurrence of the epidemic, the requirements for the use of protective clothing by medical staff have gradually increased, and higher requirements have been put forward for antibacterial properties, wear resistance and use comfort.

Conventional ways to improve antibacterial properties are built-in metal ion fabrics, post-treatment surface coatings and other processes. The simple addition of metal ions is easy to precipitate, and the antibacterial effect is poor in durability; the post-treatment surface coating process affects the wearing comfort of the fabric.

Chinese patent CN115214204A discloses an antibacterial medical protective clothing fabric and its preparation method. The antibacterial protective clothing is obtained by using an antibacterial coating process. The method adds a waterproof and oil-resistant coating for antibacterial durability. The process is complicated and affects wearing comfort.

Chinese patent CN216723211U discloses a kind of breathable anti-infection protective clothing, which utilizes nano-silver ion coating + antibacterial fiber composite form to improve the antibacterial effect. Although this method improves the overall antibacterial effect, it affects the wearing comfort.

With the development of technology, in recent years, the use of radiation grafting modification has been used to enhance the functionality of fibers. Chinese patent CN103952908A discloses an antiviral and antibacterial fiber and its preparation method and application. This method uses monomers of cationic functional groups to modify the fiber surface by ultraviolet irradiation or γ-ray irradiation technology. Although the obtained product has good functions, the modification process is complicated, and it is necessary to add an initiator for irradiation. .

Now with the popular trend of bio-based concept, more and more attention is paid to polylactic acid fiber. Polylactic acid fiber is naturally weakly acidic and has a certain antibacterial effect. By strengthening the antibacterial property of polylactic acid fiber, it can be realized in the antibacterial textile industry. application.

Chinese patent CN1891870A discloses a production method of antibacterial polylactic acid antibacterial fiber. Antibacterial polylactic acid fiber is obtained by adding silver ion antibacterial masterbatch. This method has poor spinnability when manufacturing polylactic acid fiber, and the obtained antibacterial fiber silver ion is easy to precipitate , the antibacterial property is not durable, and the comfort of the textiles made is poor.

The method of improving the comfort of polylactic acid fiber is mostly to make stretched yarn or juxtaposed elastic fiber. Chinese patent CN109853084A discloses a polylactic acid/polyester elastomer composite elastic fiber and its preparation method. Polylactic acid and polyester elastomer are used to make side-by-side fibers to improve elasticity and comfort. In order to improve the compatibility of polylactic acid and polyester elastomer, a high proportion of compatibilizer is added during spinning, which reduces the spinnability and product performance.

Contents of the invention

The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of manufacturing method of comfortable antibacterial protective clothing fabric and the fabric that makes, and technical solution of the present invention is:

A method for manufacturing a comfortable antibacterial protective clothing fabric. The fabric is obtained by blending polylactic acid elastic fibers and high-cooling high-strength high-modulus polyethylene fibers, and then grafting and modifying them by electron beam irradiation. Contains the following steps:

(1) Preparation of polylactic acid elastic fiber;

(2) Blended antibacterial modified polylactic acid elastic fiber and high-cooling high-strength high-modulus polyethylene fiber;

(3) The fabric is modified by electron beam irradiation grafting with cationic functional groups.

In the manufacturing method of the comfortable antibacterial protective clothing fabric, the preparation method of the polylactic acid elastic fiber is: use polylactic acid raw materials with different intrinsic viscosities, raw material 1 is polylactic acid with intrinsic viscosity of 1.2~1.7dl/g, raw material 2 is polylactic acid with an intrinsic viscosity of 0.6~1.1dl/g, which is spun by a two-component melt spinning machine to obtain POY fibers, and then antibacterial modified polylactic acid elastic fibers are obtained after low-temperature texturing.

In the manufacturing method of the comfortable antibacterial protective clothing fabric, the contact cool feeling Qmax of the high-cooling high-strength high-modulus polyethylene fiber is more than 0.4W/ ^cm2 ; the fiber breaking strength is more than 10cN/dtex, and the elastic modulus is 400cN /dtex or more, the elongation at break is less than 6%; the intrinsic viscosity of the fiber is 1.5~10dl.

In the manufacturing method of the comfortable antibacterial protective clothing fabric, the blending ratio of the antibacterial modified polylactic acid elastic fiber and high-cooling high-strength high-modulus polyethylene fiber is 3:7~7:3.

In the manufacturing method of the comfortable antibacterial protective clothing fabric, the electron beam irradiation grafting modification method with cationic functional groups is: the antibacterial modified polylactic acid elastic fiber and high-cooling high-strength high-modulus polyethylene After the mixed fabric of the fiber is pretreated by hydrophilicity, it is padded in a solution containing cationic functional group monomers, and the amount of liquid is 20% to 100%; the padding operation is repeated 2 to 3 times, and then the padded The fabric is irradiated with electron beams under the process of 30~80kGy. After irradiation, ungrafted monomers are removed with organic solvents.

In the manufacturing method of the comfortable antibacterial protective clothing fabric, the hydrophilic pretreatment agent is a mixed solution of lipase and nonionic surfactant. The monomers with cationic functional groups are preferably vinyl cationic monomers.

A comfortable antibacterial protective clothing fabric prepared by the manufacturing method.

The invention solves the problem that it is difficult to simultaneously realize functionality (such as antibacterial properties, abrasion resistance, etc.) and wearing comfort in the existing production process of protective clothing fabrics. Moreover, the comfortable antibacterial protective clothing fabric prepared by the present invention has high wear resistance and cool touch while having durable antibacterial properties and soft handle. The use of electron beam irradiation grafting modification technology solves the problems of poor effect after conventional antibacterial washing and the need to introduce initiators and other potentially toxic substances for conventional irradiation grafting.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is a data chart of an embodiment of the present invention.

Fig. 2 is a data chart of a comparative example of the present invention.

Detailed ways

In the manufacturing method of comfortable antibacterial protective clothing fabric of the present invention, the preparation method of the polylactic acid elastic fiber is: using polylactic acid raw materials with different intrinsic viscosities, raw material 1 is polylactic acid with intrinsic viscosity of 1.2~1.7dl/g, Raw material 2 is polylactic acid with an intrinsic viscosity of 0.6~1.1dl/g, which is spun by a two-component melt spinning machine to obtain POY fibers, and then elastic fibers of polylactic acid are obtained after low-temperature texturing. The use of polylactic acid fibers with different intrinsic viscosities is to make the melt-spun bicomponent have sufficient melt viscosity difference, thereby increasing the stress difference during spinning and improving the elasticity of elastic fibers. When the intrinsic viscosity of raw material 1 is lower than 1.2dl/g, the two-component viscosity difference is too small and the fiber elasticity is low; when the intrinsic viscosity of raw material 1 is higher than 1.7dl/g, the melt fluidity is poor and spinning Poor dispersibility of sex and antibacterial masterbatch. When the intrinsic viscosity of raw material 2 is lower than 0.6dl/g, the viscosity of polylactic acid is too small, the spinning forming effect is poor, and the fiber strength is low; when the intrinsic viscosity of raw material 2 is higher than 1.1dl/g, the two-component viscosity If the difference is too small, the fiber elasticity is low. Lactic acid elastic fibers with higher elasticity can be obtained by first preparing POY fibers and then adding elastic fibers at low temperature. If it is not POY re-stretching, using melt direct spinning FDY or two-step stretching, the fiber elasticity is weak, which does not meet the comfort and feel. When high-temperature texturing is used, the polylactic acid fiber texturized yarn is poorly formed, prone to stiff silk, and has low elasticity. The preferred texturing temperature is 90°C~120°C.

The high-cooling high-strength high-modulus polyethylene fiber of the present invention has a cool touch Qmax of more than 0.4 W/cm2, and utilizes high thermal conductivity to achieve a high cool touch. If the coolness of contact is less than 0.4W/cm2, the characteristic of high coolness cannot be realized. The breaking strength of the fiber is more than 10cN/dtex, the elastic modulus is more than 400cN/dtex, and the elongation at break is less than 6%, which meets the characteristics of high strength and high modulus, and realizes the characteristics of tensile strength and high performance. If the breaking strength is less than 10cN/dtex, high strength cannot be achieved; if the elastic modulus is less than 400cN/dtex, high modulus cannot be achieved; if the elongation at break is greater than 6%, it will be difficult to obtain a higher crystallographic orientation and achieve high strength and high modulus . Through the characteristics of high strength and high modulus to achieve high wear resistance. The intrinsic viscosity of the fiber is 1.5~10dl/g to maintain the melt spinning processability and high strength and high modulus characteristics of polyethylene fiber. The high-molecular-weight polyethylene raw material with an intrinsic viscosity of 3.5-10dl/g and a ratio of weight-average molecular weight to number-average molecular weight (Mw/Mn) of 5-10 is melted and conveyed through a low-shear and high-transport screw extruder, and then enters a The spinning assembly of the combined spinneret; using the combined spinneret that can make the macromolecular orientation of the polyethylene melt and the release of the elastic potential energy of the melt, extrude into filaments to obtain the primary fiber; perform multi-stage stretching and The finished product is made of high-cooling high-strength high-modulus polyethylene fiber by heat setting.

The blending ratio of the polylactic acid elastic fiber and the high-cooling high-strength high-modulus polyethylene fiber of the present invention is 3:7-7:3. Within this ratio range, better results can be obtained in terms of comfort, wear resistance, and cool feeling. When the blend ratio is lower than 3:7, the elasticity and comfort are poor; when the blend ratio is higher than 7:3, the wear resistance and cool feeling are poor.

In the manufacturing method of the comfortable antibacterial protective clothing fabric, the electron beam irradiation grafting modification method with cationic functional groups is: the antibacterial modified polylactic acid elastic fiber and high-cooling high-strength high-modulus polyethylene After the fiber blended fabric is pretreated by hydrophilicity, it is padded in a solution containing cationic functional group monomers, and the amount of liquid is 20%~100%; and then the padded fabric is processed under a process of 30~80kGy. Electron beam irradiation. Repeat the above padding and irradiation operations for 2-3 times, and remove ungrafted monomers with organic solvent after irradiation. The hydrophilicity of polylactic acid and polyethylene fibers is relatively poor, and the hydrophilic pretreatment is carried out by a mixed solution containing lipase and non-ionic surfactant to improve the hydrophilicity of the fabric and facilitate subsequent padding processing. Lipase treatment will generate polar groups on the surface of the substrate and improve the hydrophilicity of the substrate. At the same time, lipase hydrolysis only acts on the surface of the substrate and has little effect on the physical and mechanical properties of the substrate. The surface modification time of simple lipase is longer, and adding surfactant can effectively reduce the treatment time of lipase. Microbial membranes such as bacteria, fungi, and enveloped viruses with membranes all have negative charges. The present invention grafts monomers with cationic functional groups on the blended fabrics by means of covalent bonds to generate static electricity with the microorganisms. Adsorption: After adsorption, the lipophilic part contained in the grafted monomer can be inserted into the envelope, thereby destroying the envelope, and achieving the purpose of eliminating microorganisms and the like. So as to achieve antibacterial effect. When the liquid carrying amount is less than 20%, it is difficult to obtain a good grafting effect, and when it is higher than 100%, the phenomenon of poor uniformity of the grafting reaction is likely to occur. Repeat the above padding operation 2~3 times and then electron beam irradiation, the grafting rate can reach 10~30%, satisfying better antibacterial effect. In the case of this graft ratio, the antibacterial performance and durable antibacterial performance are relatively good. In the manufacturing method of the comfortable antibacterial protective clothing fabric, the monomer with the cationic functional group is preferably a vinyl cationic monomer.

The following examples will be given to describe the fiber of the present invention and its preparation method in detail.

Carry out following evaluation in embodiment and comparative example:

(1) Intrinsic viscosity

With reference to the GB/T 10247-2008 standard, the intrinsic viscosity is tested with the automatic Ubbelohde viscometer IV3400X produced by Hangzhou Zhuoxiang, and the unit is dl/g.

(2) Fiber breaking strength, elongation at break and fiber elastic modulus

Using a tensile testing machine "Tensilon" manufactured by Intec Corporation, the stress-strain curve was measured under conditions of a sample length of 20 cm and a tensile rate of 100%/min. Read the load at breaking, divide the load by the initial fineness to calculate the breaking strength, read the deformation at breaking, divide it by the length of the sample, multiply the obtained value by 100 times, and calculate the elongation at break . At the same time, the stress-strain curve is used, and then the Young's modulus is calculated by using the fiber density and denier. All these values are simple average values obtained by repeating the operation five times with the same standard. The breaking strength is the value obtained by rounding off the second decimal place. The breaking elongation is the The value rounded after the decimal point. The fiber modulus of elasticity was calculated from the tangent that imparted the greatest gradient near the origin of the stress-strain curve.

(3) Fiber and fabric feel cool in contact

Referring to the GB/T 35263-2017 standard, use the KES-QM contact cool feeling tester to make fibers into woven fabric test pieces, and test the contact cool feeling Qmax, and the unit is W/cm2.

(1) Fabric antibacterial properties

Refer to GB/T 20944.3-2008 oscillation method to test the antibacterial performance.

(2) Fabric wear resistance

Refer to the GB/T 21196-2007 standard to test the wear resistance level.

(3) Fabric elasticity (thickness characterization)

Woven fabric thickness test according to JIS 10962010 standard.

Hereinafter, the present invention will be specifically described based on the embodiments.

Example 1

According to the total of 10 parts, using 5 parts of high-cooling high-strength high-modulus polyethylene fiber, its cool feeling Qmax is 0.51W/cm2, the fiber breaking strength is 18cN/dtex, the modulus of elasticity is 700cN/dtex, and the elongation at break is 4.8%, the intrinsic viscosity of the fiber is 5.4dl/g, use 5 parts of PLA/PLA elastic fiber, and the two are blended to make a fabric. The PLA/PLA elastic fiber is made of raw material 1 (high-viscosity PLA) with an intrinsic viscosity of 1.5dl/g; and raw material 2 (low-viscosity PLA) with an intrinsic viscosity of 0.8dl/g. POY was obtained by melt spinning at a filament speed of 2800m/min, and was obtained after texturing in a hot box at 110°C.

The fabric was repeatedly padded three times in the solution containing vinyl cationic quaternary ammonium salt monomers, and when the electron beam irradiation process (absorbed dose) was 40kGy, the finished comfortable antibacterial protective clothing fabric was irradiated.

The performance of the fabric is tested, and it is found that the antibacterial performance is also good under the condition of good cool feeling, abrasion resistance and elasticity. The results are shown in Table 1.

Example 2

According to the total of 10 parts, use 3 parts of high-cool feeling high-strength high-modulus polyethylene fiber, 7 parts of PLA/PLA elastic fiber, and others are all obtained according to the process of Example 1. The finished comfortable antibacterial protective clothing fabric.

The performance of the fabric is tested, and it is found that the antibacterial performance is also good under the condition of good cool feeling, abrasion resistance and elasticity. The results are shown in Table 1.

Example 3

According to the total of 10 parts, use 7 parts of high-cool feeling high-strength high-modulus polyethylene fiber, 3 parts of PLA/PLA elastic fiber, and other all obtain the finished comfortable antibacterial protective clothing fabric according to the process of Example 1.

The performance of the fabric is tested, and it is found that the antibacterial performance is also good under the condition of good cool feeling, abrasion resistance and elasticity. The results are shown in Table 1.

Examples 4 and 5

According to the raw material 1 of PLA/PLA elastic fiber (high-viscosity PLA), the intrinsic viscosity is changed to 1.2dl/g (Example 4) and 1.7dl/g (Example 5), and the others are obtained according to the process of Example 1 Finished comfort antibacterial protective clothing fabric.

The performance of the fabric is tested, and it is found that the antibacterial performance is also good under the condition of good cool feeling, abrasion resistance and elasticity. The results are shown in Table 1.

Examples 6 and 7

According to the raw material 2 (low-viscosity PLA) of PLA/PLA elastic fiber, the intrinsic viscosity is changed to 0.6dl/g (Example 6) and 1.1dl/g (Example 7), and the others are obtained according to the process of Example 1 Finished comfort antibacterial protective clothing fabric.

The performance of the fabric is tested, and it is found that the antibacterial performance is also good under the condition of good cool feeling, abrasion resistance and elasticity. The results are shown in Table 1.

Example 8

According to the electron beam irradiation process (absorbed dose) is 30kGy treatment, other all obtain the finished comfortable antibacterial protective clothing fabric according to the process of embodiment 1.

The performance of the fabric is tested, and it is found that the antibacterial performance is also good under the condition of good cool feeling, abrasion resistance and elasticity. The results are shown in Table 1.

Comparative example 1

According to the total of 10 parts, use 2 parts of high-cool feeling high-strength high-modulus polyethylene fiber, 8 parts of PLA/PLA elastic fiber, and other all obtain the finished comfortable antibacterial protective clothing fabric according to the process of Example 1.

The performance of the fabric was tested, and it was found that in the case of good elasticity and antibacterial properties, the cool feeling and wear resistance were poor, and the protective effect could not be achieved. The results are shown in Table 2.

Comparative example 2

According to the total of 10 parts, use 8 parts of high-cool feeling high-strength high-modulus polyethylene fiber, 2 parts of PLA/PLA elastic fiber, and other all obtain the finished comfortable antibacterial protective clothing fabric according to the process of Example 1.

The performance of this fabric is tested, and it is found that under the condition of good cool feeling, wear resistance and antibacterial property, the elasticity is poor, and the comfort effect cannot be achieved. The results are shown in Table 2.

Comparative Examples 3 and 4

According to the raw material 1 (high-viscosity PLA) of PLA/PLA elastic fiber, the intrinsic viscosity is changed to 1.8dl/g (comparative example 3) and 1.1dl/g (comparative example 4), and the others are obtained according to the process of example 1 Finished comfort antibacterial protective clothing fabric.

In Comparative Example 3, when spinning PLA/PLA elastic fiber, high-viscosity PLA has poor fluidity, is prone to end breakage, and has poor spinnability, so finished fibers and fabrics cannot be obtained.

The performance of the fabric obtained in Comparative Example 4 was tested, and it was found that under the condition of good cool feeling, wear resistance and antibacterial property, the elasticity was poor, and the comfort effect could not be achieved. The results are shown in Table 2.

Comparative Examples 5 and 6

According to the raw material 2 (low-viscosity PLA) of PLA/PLA elastic fiber, the intrinsic viscosity is changed to 0.5dl/g (comparative example 5) and 1.2dl/g (comparative example 6), and the others are obtained according to the process of example 1 Finished comfort antibacterial protective clothing fabric.

In Comparative Example 5, low-viscosity PLA cannot be molded during PLA/PLA elastic fiber spinning, and the spinnability is poor, and finished fibers and fabrics cannot be obtained.

The performance of the fabric obtained in Comparative Example 6 was tested, and it was found that under the condition of good cool feeling, wear resistance and antibacterial property, the elasticity was poor, and the comfort effect could not be achieved. The results are shown in Table 2.

Comparative Example 7

According to the amount of 10% of the padding strip liquid, the finished fabrics were obtained according to the process of Example 1 for the others.

The performance of the fabric was tested, and it was found that the antibacterial performance was poor when it had good cool feeling, wear resistance and elasticity. The results are shown in Table 2.

Comparative Example 8

The electron beam irradiation process (absorbed dose) is 15kGy, and the finished fabrics are obtained according to the process of Example 1 for others.

The performance of the fabric was tested, and it was found that the antibacterial performance was poor when it had good cool feeling, wear resistance and elasticity. The results are shown in Table 2.

Comparative Example 9

According to the blended fabric obtained in Example 1, the finished fabric was obtained in the form of silver ion coating according to the form of 3 times of pad coating.

The performance of the fabric was tested, and it was found that the antibacterial performance was poor when it had good cool feeling, wear resistance and elasticity. The results are shown in Table 2.

Claims (8)

1. A method for manufacturing a comfortable antibacterial protective clothing fabric, characterized in that: after the fabric is mixed with polylactic acid elastic fiber and high-cool feeling high-strength and high-modulus polyethylene fiber, it is obtained after electron beam irradiation graft modification; comprising The following steps: Polylactic acid elastic fiber preparation; Antibacterial modified polylactic acid elastic fiber mixed with high-cooling high-strength high-modulus polyethylene fiber; The fabric was modified by electron beam irradiation grafting with cationic functional groups. 2. The manufacturing method of the comfortable antibacterial protective clothing fabric according to claim 1, characterized in that: the preparation method of the polylactic acid elastic fiber is: use polylactic acid raw materials of different intrinsic viscosities, and raw material 1 is an intrinsic viscosity of 1.2 ~1.7dl/g polylactic acid, raw material 2 is polylactic acid with an intrinsic viscosity of 0.6~1.1dl/g, spinning through a two-component melt spinning machine to obtain POY fibers, and obtaining antibacterial modified polylactic acid elastic fibers after low-temperature texturing . 3. The manufacturing method of the comfortable antibacterial protective clothing fabric according to claim 1, characterized in that: the contact cool feeling Qmax of the high-cool feeling high-strength high-modulus polyethylene fiber is more than 0.4W/cm2; the fiber breaking strength is 10cN /dtex or more, the elastic modulus is above 400cN/dtex, the elongation at break is below 6%; the fiber intrinsic viscosity is 1.5~10dl. 4. according to the manufacture method of comfortable antibacterial protective clothing fabric described in claim 1, it is characterized in that: the mixed weaving ratio of described antibacterial modified polylactic acid elastic fiber and high-cool feeling high-strength high-modulus polyethylene fiber is 3:7～ 7:3. 5. The manufacturing method of the comfortable antibacterial protective clothing fabric according to claim 1, characterized in that: the electron beam irradiation graft modification method with cationic functional groups is: the antibacterial modified poly After the blended fabric of lactic acid elastic fiber and high-cooling high-strength high-modulus polyethylene fiber is pretreated by hydrophilicity, it is padded in a solution containing cationic functional group monomers, and the amount of liquid is 20% to 100%; repeat the padding operation 2 ~3 times, and then irradiate the padded fabric with electron beam under the process of 30~80kGy; after irradiation, use organic solvent to remove ungrafted monomers. 6. The manufacturing method of comfortable antibacterial protective clothing fabric according to claim 1, characterized in that: the hydrophilic pretreatment agent is a mixed solution of lipase and nonionic surfactant. 7. The manufacturing method of comfortable antibacterial protective clothing fabric according to claim 1, characterized in that: the monomer with cationic functional groups is a vinyl cationic monomer. 8. the comfortable antibacterial protective clothing fabric that is made by the manufacturing method described in any item of claim 1-7.

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