CN116106968B - Anisotropic parameter determination method and device - Google Patents
Anisotropic parameter determination method and deviceInfo
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- CN116106968B CN116106968B CN202111318793.8A CN202111318793A CN116106968B CN 116106968 B CN116106968 B CN 116106968B CN 202111318793 A CN202111318793 A CN 202111318793A CN 116106968 B CN116106968 B CN 116106968B
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
- G01V1/00—Seismology; Seismic or acoustic prospecting or detecting
- G01V1/28—Processing seismic data, e.g. for interpretation or for event detection
- G01V1/30—Analysis
- G01V1/306—Analysis for determining physical properties of the subsurface, e.g. impedance, porosity or attenuation profiles
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G01V1/00—Seismology; Seismic or acoustic prospecting or detecting
- G01V1/28—Processing seismic data, e.g. for interpretation or for event detection
- G01V1/30—Analysis
- G01V1/303—Analysis for determining velocity profiles or travel times
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- G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
- G01V1/00—Seismology; Seismic or acoustic prospecting or detecting
- G01V1/40—Seismology; Seismic or acoustic prospecting or detecting specially adapted for well-logging
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- G01V2210/60—Analysis
- G01V2210/62—Physical property of subsurface
- G01V2210/622—Velocity, density or impedance
- G01V2210/6222—Velocity; travel time
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- G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
- G01V2210/00—Details of seismic processing or analysis
- G01V2210/60—Analysis
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- G01V2210/626—Physical property of subsurface with anisotropy
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Abstract
The invention discloses an anisotropic parameter determination method and device. The method comprises the steps of obtaining a thickness error threshold value, a speed error threshold value, well calibration thickness, isotropy thickness, logging speed and isotropy speed of each layer, determining a thickness error enumeration value according to the thickness error threshold value, determining an anisotropism parameter enumeration value according to the thickness error enumeration value, the well calibration thickness and isotropy thickness of the layer, determining a speed error according to the anisotropism parameter enumeration value, the logging speed and the isotropy speed, screening an anisotropism parameter effective enumeration value of which the speed error meets the speed error threshold value, determining a total score of the effective enumeration value according to the speed error and the thickness error enumeration value corresponding to the speed weight value, the thickness weight value and the effective enumeration value, and screening an anisotropism parameter optimal value according to the total score. The thickness error threshold and the speed error threshold can be used as constraint conditions, and the determined anisotropic parameters are more reasonable.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of processing and interpretation of oil and gas geological exploration seismic data, in particular to an anisotropic parameter determining method and device.
Background
The geological horizon of the isotropic prestack depth migration result often has larger depth errors with actual logging and drilling, is difficult to directly use for subsequent interpretation, construction, mapping and other works, and along with the improvement of application precision requirements and application level of prestack depth migration technology, anisotropic depth migration replaces isotropic depth migration and gradually becomes the main stream of application of the industry depth migration. The reason why isotropic depth migration produces a large depth error is because the velocity anisotropy problem of the subsurface medium, which is the instantaneous velocity of the seismic wave as it propagates along paths in different directions, is not considered. Seismic data collected in the field can collect seismic waves of different paths at a certain position in the underground, and larger depth errors can be generated if isotropic assumed prestack depth migration is used.
Thomsen (1986) proposes parameters characterizing the elastic properties of anisotropic media, wherein Delta (δ) is a coefficient of variation of longitudinal wave, the physical meaning of which is the second derivative of the phase velocity of the longitudinal wave around zero with respect to the phase angle, representing the degree of anisotropic change of the longitudinal wave in the vertical direction, as an important parameter in anisotropic migration, the calculation accuracy of which directly affects the error of prestack depth migration. In anisotropic pre-stack depth migration processing of VTI and TTI media, delta is not only an important parameter in anisotropic migration, but also a key parameter for finding anisotropic speed, and Delta calculation accuracy directly influences errors of focal depth degrees of wells of actual seismic data and well drilling and logging result data, so that the more accurate the calculation of the anisotropic Delta parameter, the higher the result fidelity of the anisotropic migration.
In general, the anisotropy parameter Delta can be obtained by the following three methods. The first method is to measure rock samples in a laboratory and calculate accurate anisotropic parameters, the method has the advantages of being direct and reliable and high in parameter accuracy, the defects that the rock samples are difficult to collect and simulate the environment of high temperature and high pressure underground, and therefore popularization and application are difficult, the second method is to adopt variable offset Walk-away VSP data, and the anisotropic parameters are estimated by picking up initial value waves of common shot points and common detector point gathers and by curve fitting, and the method is characterized by being expensive in investment and less in well points and difficult to popularize and apply, and the third method is to indirectly calculate the thickness contrast method of a well shock stratum by using earthquake, well logging and well drilling data.
The Delta field solving method commonly used in the industry at present is a third method, but the algorithm is a single parameter constraint algorithm at present, the algorithm takes the thickness of the well earthquake of the stratum as input, the problem of the speed of the well earthquake is not considered, and only the difference of the speed of the well earthquake is taken as a quality control means. The single parameter constraint method has larger limitation, has higher precision requirements on logging and drilling layering, in actual work, well vibration thickness statistical errors are often unavoidable, and usually, in actual application, the well vibration errors are further reduced by fine adjustment according to experience, and the obtained Delta field often brings larger errors, so that the precision of anisotropic prestack depth migration is seriously influenced.
Disclosure of Invention
The commonly used Delta field solving method in the prior art is a single parameter constraint method which uses the thickness of a layer system marked by the well shock as a constraint condition and indirectly calculates the thickness of the well shock stratum by using the seismic and logging and drilling data, and the implementation process and quality control method of the algorithm are as follows:
for the main geological layer of each well in a research work area, firstly, calculating the Delta (Delta) value of each well point position according to the well vibration thickness relation of the layer, and adopting a well vibration thickness single parameter constraint (maximum thickness error constraint) calculation formula as follows:
In the formula (1), H 1 is the thickness of the isotropic depth-shifting section in the layer, namely the isotropic thickness, H 0 is the thickness of the layer, namely the well calibration thickness, of the actual well logging and well logging calibration records, and can be regarded as the actual layer thickness considering the anisotropic influence, and Delta is an anisotropic parameter Delta.
In practical application, to enhance the quality control of Delta calculated by single parameter constraint, the corresponding anisotropic speed and logging speed are generally used for comparison, the Delta is considered reasonable when the difference is not large, the Delta is considered unreliable when the difference is large, and basic data needs to be checked or modified together with an interpreter. The principle basis of the quality control method is as follows:
the delta value calculated by the above formula is calculated by taking the average speed or the reference speed of the isotropic depth deviation profile in the layer system, namely the isotropic speed as input, and the corresponding anisotropic speed is calculated by the calculation formula:
In equation (2), V I is the isotropic velocity within the layer system and V A is the calculated anisotropic velocity.
Ideally, the calculated anisotropic velocity is equal to the corresponding logging velocity (average velocity or reference velocity) within the layer system. Subtracting the calculated anisotropic velocity from the corresponding logging velocity in the layer system, the calculated velocity error being conceptually an anisotropic velocity error, the formula being as follows:
ΔV=VA-V0 (3)
in equation (3), V 0 is the logging speed in the layer system and DeltaV is the anisotropy speed error.
The algorithm takes the thickness of the well shock of the layer system as input, does not consider the problem of the speed of the well shock, only takes the difference of the speed of the well shock as a quality control means, and is called a single parameter constraint method for distinguishing the method introduced by the invention.
However, the single parameter constraint method has larger limitation, has higher precision requirements on logging layering and seismic layering, and in actual work, the statistical error of the well earthquake thickness mainly comes from the following three aspects of ① wrong logging or drilling layering calibration, ② wrong seismic section calibration and ③ acceptable systematic errors, such as the calibration contrast resolution problem of VSP layering and seismic section. Aiming at the problem ①, the method solves the problem ② that false geological structures are sometimes generated when the error information of the well is used and the pre-stack depth migration is caused, the method aims at the problem ② that the integrated combination of processing interpreters is enhanced, the seismic section is recalibrated by comprehensively utilizing methods such as well earthquake synthetic record calibration and the like, and aiming at the problem ③, the industry does not have a reliable method at present, a single parameter constraint algorithm is usually applied, fine adjustment is only carried out according to experience in practical application, well earthquake errors are further reduced, and the obtained delta field often brings larger errors and seriously influences the accuracy of anisotropic pre-stack depth migration.
At present, most of exploration targets are thin reservoirs, the exploration precision requirement is higher and higher, a large anisotropic speed error is brought by small errors based on delta field calculated by single parameter constraint, and the precision of anisotropic prestack depth migration is affected.
The present invention has been made in view of the above problems, and has as its object to provide a method and apparatus for determining an anisotropic parameter which overcomes or at least partially solves the above problems, and which is capable of determining an anisotropic parameter more reasonably with the constraint of a thickness error threshold and a velocity error threshold.
In a first aspect, an embodiment of the present invention provides a method for determining an anisotropic parameter, including:
a data acquisition step of acquiring a thickness error threshold value, a speed error threshold value, well calibration thickness, isotropy thickness, logging speed and isotropy speed of each layer system;
The following anisotropic parameter determination steps are performed separately for each layer system:
determining a plurality of thickness error enumeration values according to the thickness error threshold, and determining corresponding anisotropic parameter enumeration values according to each thickness error enumeration value, the well calibration thickness and the isotropic thickness of the layer system;
determining a corresponding speed error according to the anisotropic parameter enumeration value, the logging speed and the isotropy speed of the layer system, and screening the anisotropic parameter enumeration value of which the speed error meets the speed error threshold as an anisotropic parameter effective enumeration value;
Determining the total score of the effective enumerated values of the anisotropic parameters according to the set speed weight value, the set thickness weight value and the speed error and thickness error enumerated values corresponding to the effective enumerated values of the anisotropic parameters;
and determining the effective enumerated value of the anisotropic parameter with the highest total score as the optimal value of the anisotropic parameter of the layer system.
In a second aspect, an embodiment of the present invention provides an anisotropic parameter determination apparatus, including:
The data acquisition module is used for acquiring a thickness error threshold value, a speed error threshold value, well calibration thickness, isotropy thickness, logging speed and isotropy speed of each layer system;
And the anisotropic parameter determining module is used for respectively executing the following anisotropic parameter determining steps for each layer system, namely determining a plurality of thickness error enumeration values according to the thickness error threshold value, determining a corresponding anisotropic parameter enumeration value according to each thickness error enumeration value, the well calibration thickness and the isotropic thickness of the layer system, determining a corresponding speed error according to the anisotropic parameter enumeration value, the logging speed and the isotropic speed of the layer system, screening the anisotropic parameter enumeration value with the speed error meeting the speed error threshold value as an anisotropic parameter effective enumeration value, determining the total score of the anisotropic parameter effective enumeration value according to the set speed weight value, the set thickness weight value, the speed error corresponding to the anisotropic parameter effective enumeration value and the thickness error enumeration value, and determining the anisotropic parameter effective enumeration value with the highest total score as the anisotropic parameter optimal value of the layer system.
In a third aspect, an embodiment of the present invention provides a computer program product having an anisotropic parameter calculation function, including a computer program/instruction, where the computer program/instruction implements the anisotropic parameter determination method described above when executed by a processor.
The technical scheme provided by the embodiment of the invention has the beneficial effects that at least:
(1) According to the anisotropic parameter determination method provided by the embodiment of the invention, a plurality of thickness error enumeration values are determined according to the thickness error threshold value for each layer system, corresponding anisotropic parameter enumeration values are determined according to each thickness error enumeration value, the well calibration thickness and the isotropy thickness of the layer system, corresponding speed errors are determined according to the anisotropic parameter enumeration values, the logging speed and the isotropy speed of the layer system, and the anisotropic parameter enumeration value with the speed error meeting the speed error threshold value is selected as an anisotropic parameter effective enumeration value. According to the method, on one hand, the thickness error threshold constraint Delta value of the layer is obtained by using well layering and actual earthquake layering information, and on the other hand, the layer velocity error threshold constraint Delta value is obtained by using logging velocity and earthquake velocity information. The method for solving the anisotropic Delta parameters is innovated through double parameter constraint of a thickness error threshold and a speed error threshold, the defects that the thickness of a layer is commonly solved by well layering calibration in the industry, such as the anisotropic parameter Delta error caused by well layering errors or well layering errors, are effectively avoided, the screened anisotropic parameter effective enumeration value meets the thickness error threshold and the speed error threshold, further, the total score of the anisotropic parameter effective enumeration value is determined according to the set speed weight value, the set thickness weight value and the speed error and the thickness error enumeration value corresponding to the anisotropic parameter effective enumeration value, and the effective enumeration value with the highest total score is determined to be the anisotropic parameter optimal value of the layer, so that the rationality of the Delta value is ensured.
(2) And correcting or deleting the Delta value with larger error or error obtained by single parameter constraint to obtain more accurate and reasonable Delta parameters, thereby better avoiding the occurrence of phenomena such as underground pseudo-geological structures and the like and reducing well position deployment and drilling risks.
(3) The optimal value of the anisotropic parameter is determined in a calculation mode through the well-seismic layering data, the logging speed and the isotropic seismic speed, so that the determination efficiency is high, the cost is low, and the application range is wide.
The technical scheme of the invention is further described in detail through the drawings and the embodiments.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings are included to provide a further understanding of the invention and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate the invention and together with the embodiments of the invention, serve to explain the invention. In the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a method for determining anisotropic parameters according to an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 2 is a flowchart showing the implementation of step S14 in FIG. 1;
fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of an anisotropic parameter determination apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
Exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure will be described in more detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. While exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure are shown in the drawings, it should be understood that the present disclosure may be embodied in various forms and should not be limited to the embodiments set forth herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete, and will fully convey the scope of the disclosure to those skilled in the art.
It is to be understood that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the invention. In addition, for numerical ranges in this disclosure, it is understood that each intermediate value between the upper and lower limits of the ranges is also specifically disclosed. Every smaller range between any stated value or stated range, and any other stated value or intermediate value within the stated range, is also encompassed within the invention. The upper and lower limits of these smaller ranges may independently be included or excluded in the range.
Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs. Although only preferred methods and materials are described herein, any methods and materials similar or equivalent to those described herein can be used in the practice or testing of the present invention. All documents mentioned in this specification are incorporated by reference for the purpose of disclosing and describing the methods and/or materials associated with the documents. In case of conflict with any incorporated document, the present specification will control.
In the description of the present invention, the terms "comprising," "including," "having," "containing," and the like are open-ended terms, meaning including, but not limited to. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," and "third," and the like, are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.
In order to solve the problems that the application condition of an anisotropic parameter Delta solving method is limited and the determined Delta precision is low in the prior art, the embodiment of the invention provides the anisotropic parameter determining method and device, which can determine the anisotropic parameter more reasonably by taking a thickness error threshold and a speed error threshold as constraint conditions.
Examples
The embodiment of the invention provides an anisotropic parameter determination method, the flow of which is shown in fig. 1, and the method comprises a data acquisition step, specifically a step S11, and an anisotropic parameter determination step which is respectively executed for each layer, specifically a step S12-a step S15.
And S11, acquiring a thickness error threshold value, a speed error threshold value, well calibration thickness, isotropy thickness, logging speed and isotropy speed of each layer system.
In particular, the determination of the layer system may comprise determining the layer between the reference plane and the adjacent control layer as one layer and the layer between the adjacent control layers as one layer.
The standard surface is usually a lake flooding surface or a sea flooding surface which can develop stably in the work area, and different research areas or different interpreters in the work area generally select the same standard surface, so that the uniformity of interpretation result standards can be ensured.
The method comprises the steps of reading the depths of a top interface and a bottom interface (the top interface and the bottom interface are control layers or reference surfaces) of each layer of an isotropic pre-stack depth migration profile well side channel, calculating the thickness of each layer to be used as an isotropic thickness for solving the layer, reading the drilling layering calibration or logging layering calibration value of the top interface and the bottom interface of each layer to be used as a well calibration thickness for solving the layer, and respectively reading the logging speed and the average speed (the reference speed of a certain point in the layer can be read when the similarity of the well vibration speed rule in the layer is high) of each layer of the isotropic pre-stack depth migration profile well side channel to be used as the logging speed and the isotropic speed for solving the layer. Referring to Table 1, examples of well calibration depths, isotropic depths, and well calibration thicknesses, isotropic thicknesses, logging speeds, and isotropic speeds for various control and reference levels of the passing well A are shown.
TABLE 1A well depth, thickness, speed and one-parameter anisotropy parameter Delta statistics
For each layer system, determining an allowable maximum thickness error, namely a thickness error threshold value, and an allowable maximum speed error, namely a speed error threshold value according to the well earthquake error assessment index requirement of the research work area and the actual stratum condition. Further, the thickness error threshold and the velocity error threshold may be the same or different for each layer. The example in this embodiment takes the case that the thickness error thresholds of the respective layers are the same, and the speed error thresholds are the same.
The step 1 is a data acquisition step, the subsequent step is a step of obtaining the anisotropic parameter Delta (δ), the following steps S12 to S15 are executed for each layer system, or may be executed simultaneously for each layer system in the execution process of each step, and finally a reasonable Delta (δ) value is determined for each layer system.
And S12, determining a plurality of thickness error enumeration values according to the thickness error threshold value, and determining corresponding anisotropic parameter enumeration values according to each thickness error enumeration value, the well calibration thickness and the isotropic thickness of the layer system.
A plurality of thickness error enumeration values, for example, a thickness error threshold MaxDH =10, are determined according to the thickness error threshold and the set step size, and the thickness error enumeration values may be determined to be ±10, ±8, ±6, ±4, ±2, and 0, respectively, if the set step size is 2.
First, the desired thickness of the anisotropic prestack depth offset is calculated as follows:
In equation (4), H I is the isotropic thickness of the layer system and H A is the calculated anisotropic thickness.
From equation (1) we can get:
In the formula (5) of the present invention, The thickness is calibrated for the calculated well.
The calculated anisotropic thickness and the calculated well calibration thickness can be obtained from the formulas (4) and (5), respectively.
Subtracting the calculated anisotropic thickness from the calibrated thickness of the well in the layer system, wherein the calculated difference is the anisotropic thickness error in the layer system, and the formula is as follows:
ΔH=|HA-H0| (6)
in equation (6), H 0 is the well nominal thickness of the layer system, and ΔH is the anisotropic thickness error in the layer system.
As can be seen from the above formulas (4) - (6), the calculated Δh=0 in the case of both the well calibration and the seismic calibration being accurate. In an ideal situation, if the base data are all very accurate, the calculated anisotropic velocity is equal to the corresponding logging velocity (average velocity or reference velocity) within the layer system, i.e. the anisotropic velocity error Δv=0, while the calculated anisotropic thickness error is 0, i.e. Δh=0. In practical cases, certain errors generally exist in well calibration and logging speed, corresponding errors exist in seismic horizon pickup and calculation, and meanwhile, layering errors exist in seismic layering due to the influence of seismic data resolution. In practical applications, therefore, even when Δh=0, a case where Δv+.0 is often present, even when Δv is distorted to be greater than the maximum value given by us, and this speed error is often caused by the problem of well shock calibration, when a certain thickness error range is allowed, an optimal solution satisfying the speed error condition can be found.
Within the range of the thickness error threshold MaxDH, all values meeting the requirements of |delta H| not more than MaxDH and |delta V| not more than MaxDV can be found by an enumeration method (MaxDV is a speed error threshold), and the solution meeting the conditions is scored according to a certain scoring standard, wherein the solution with the maximum total score is the optimal solution of the double-parameter constraint.
For a given thickness error threshold MaxDH, assuming the integer variable Δh as the thickness error, the corresponding Delta value for Δh=0 can be obtained using equation (1). By means of the formula (1), all Delta values meeting the condition that the absolute value of Delta H is less than or equal to MaxDH are obtained through an enumeration method, H 0 in the formula (1) is replaced by H 0 +Delta H, and an anisotropic parameter Delta calculation formula containing an error Delta H can be obtained:
And determining an anisotropic parameter enumeration value delta (delta H) corresponding to the thickness error enumeration value delta H according to the thickness error enumeration value delta H, the well calibration thickness H 0 and the isotropic thickness H 1 of the layer system by using the formula (7).
Assuming MaxDH =10, the anisotropic parameter Delta values corresponding to the different thickness errors Δh of the different layers are calculated using equation (7), as shown in table 2:
TABLE 2 Delta value statistics for different thickness error calculations for each layer passing through the A well
And S13, determining a corresponding speed error according to the anisotropy parameter enumeration value, the logging speed and the isotropy speed of the layer system, and screening the anisotropy parameter enumeration value of which the speed error meets a speed error threshold as an anisotropy parameter effective enumeration value.
Specifically, according to the anisotropy parameter enumeration value δ (Δh) and the isotropic velocity V I of the layer system, the anisotropy velocity calculation value V A (Δh) corresponding to the thickness error enumeration value Δh is determined by the following formula (8):
From the anisotropy speed calculation V A (ΔH) and the logging speed V 0 of the layer system, a corresponding speed error ΔV (ΔH) is determined using the following equation (9):
ΔV(ΔH)=VA(ΔH)-V0 (9)。
For each delta V (delta H), when the delta V (delta H) is larger than MaxDV, the corresponding delta (delta H) is an invalid value, and the corresponding delta (delta H) is a valid value when the delta V (delta H) is smaller than MaxDV, and the corresponding delta (delta H) is screened as an anisotropic parameter valid enumeration value.
If there is no anisotropic parameter enumeration value that the speed error satisfies the speed error threshold, the speed information and the calibration information of the well data are considered to be not matched, a notice of the layer position data abnormality is sent, and after the basic data are rechecked and adjusted according to the notice and input by an interpreter, the data acquisition step is re-executed, namely, step S11, so as to avoid local abnormality in the Delta field and the anisotropic speed field.
Assuming MaxDV = 260 m/s, the statistics of the velocity error Δv (Δh) for the different thickness error enumeration values Δh are shown in table 3:
TABLE 3 speed error statistics for different thickness errors across A well
In table 3, the absolute values of the layer 4 and layer 5 velocity errors are invalid values greater than 260, and if the base data cannot be modified, these data are filtered out and do not participate in the subsequent scoring and weighting calculations.
And S14, determining the total score of the effective enumeration value of the anisotropic parameter according to the set speed weight value, the set thickness weight value, the speed error and the thickness error enumeration value corresponding to the effective enumeration value of the anisotropic parameter.
Specifically, referring to fig. 2, the following steps may be included:
Step S141, determining the velocity item score of the effective enumeration value of the anisotropic parameter according to the velocity error threshold and the velocity error corresponding to the effective enumeration value of the anisotropic parameter.
For the anisotropic parameter valid enumeration value satisfying the double constraint condition, determining a velocity term score MarkV (Δh) of the anisotropic parameter valid enumeration value according to a velocity error threshold MaxDV and a velocity error Δv (Δh) corresponding to the anisotropic parameter valid enumeration value by using the following formula (10):
The statistics of the speed item scores corresponding to the error enumeration values Δh of different thicknesses are shown in table 4:
TABLE 4 different thickness error versus speed term score for well A
Step S142, determining a thickness item score of the effective enumerated value of the anisotropic parameter according to the thickness error enumerated value corresponding to the effective enumerated value of the anisotropic parameter.
And determining the maximum value of the thickness item score influence parameter according to the thickness error enumeration value corresponding to the anisotropic parameter effective enumeration value and the corresponding relation between the thickness error and the maximum value of the thickness item score influence parameter.
For example, when the absolute value of the thickness error |Δh|=2, the thickness term score affects the maximum value n=1 of the parameter m, when |Δh|=4, n=2, when |Δh|=6, n=3, when |Δh|=8, n=4, and when |Δh|=10, n=5.
According to the maximum value n of the thickness term score influence parameter m, the thickness term score MarkH (delta H) of the effective enumeration value of the anisotropic parameter is determined by the following formula (11):
TABLE 5 statistical table of thickness term scores across A well
Step S143, determining the total score of the anisotropic parameter effective enumeration value according to the set speed weight value, the set thickness weight value, the speed item score and the thickness item score.
Because of the limitation of the single parameter method, the two single parameter scores are weighted, and the speed weight value and the thickness weight value are respectively W V and W H and are satisfied with W H+WV =1. For each Δh and its corresponding δ (Δh), the final total score FINALMARK (Δh) is:
FinalMark(ΔH)=WH×MarkH(ΔH)+WV×MarkV(ΔH) (12)。
And S15, determining the effective enumerated value of the anisotropic parameter with the highest total score as the optimal value of the anisotropic parameter of the layer system.
The solution with the highest total score in all delta * (delta H) meeting the double constraint conditions is the global optimization solution, and is determined as the optimal value of the anisotropic parameter of the layer system.
When W H =1, the solution with the smallest thickness error in the selected value is taken as a solution of the double parameter constraint and is a thickness error priority method, when W V =1, the solution with the smallest thickness error in the selected value is taken as a solution of the double parameter constraint and is a speed error priority method, and when the design weighting factors are W V =0.666 and W H =0.334, the total score condition is shown in table 6, and the solution with the highest total score is the selected optimal solution.
TABLE 6 double parameter constraint total score table for different thickness errors across A well
The Delta calculation of the double parameter constraint considers both the depth error and the speed error, and the obtained solution is more reasonable and reliable, as shown in table 7, and is respectively a Delta value and a corresponding thickness error and speed error obtained by the traditional single parameter constraint method, the thickness priority method, the speed priority method and the double parameter constraint method in the embodiment of the invention. The single parameter constraint method has the advantages that the corresponding thickness error is minimum, but the speed error is uncontrollable, wherein the speed error corresponding to the calculated result of the layer system 4 is overlarge and exceeds 300m/s, the thickness error corresponding to the thickness item is smaller and controllable, for example, the speed error corresponding to the calculated result of the layer system 4 is smaller than MaxDV =260 m/s, the speed error corresponding to the Delta value preferentially calculated by the speed item is minimum and the thickness error is controllable and is smaller than MaxDH =10, and the Delta value, the corresponding thickness error and the speed error, which are calculated by the double parameter weighting method adopted by the embodiment, meet the requirements, namely the optimal solution.
Table 7 Single parameter constraint and double parameter constraint Anisotropic parameter delta table
According to the anisotropic parameter determination method provided by the embodiment of the invention, a plurality of thickness error enumeration values are determined according to the thickness error threshold value for each layer system, corresponding anisotropic parameter enumeration values are determined according to each thickness error enumeration value, the well calibration thickness and the isotropy thickness of the layer system, corresponding speed errors are determined according to the anisotropic parameter enumeration values, the logging speed and the isotropy speed of the layer system, and the anisotropic parameter enumeration value with the speed error meeting the speed error threshold value is selected as an anisotropic parameter effective enumeration value. According to the method, on one hand, the thickness error threshold constraint Delta value of the layer is obtained by using well layering and actual earthquake layering information, and on the other hand, the layer velocity error threshold constraint Delta value is obtained by using logging velocity and earthquake velocity information. The method for solving the anisotropic Delta parameters is innovated through double parameter constraint of a thickness error threshold and a speed error threshold, the defects that the thickness of a layer is commonly solved by well layering calibration in the industry, such as the anisotropic parameter Delta error caused by well layering errors or well layering errors, are effectively avoided, the screened anisotropic parameter effective enumeration value meets the thickness error threshold and the speed error threshold, further, the total score of the anisotropic parameter effective enumeration value is determined according to the set speed weight value, the set thickness weight value and the speed error and the thickness error enumeration value corresponding to the anisotropic parameter effective enumeration value, and the effective enumeration value with the highest total score is determined to be the anisotropic parameter optimal value of the layer, so that the rationality of the Delta value is ensured.
And correcting or deleting the Delta value with larger error or error obtained by single parameter constraint to obtain more accurate and reasonable Delta parameters, thereby better avoiding the occurrence of phenomena such as underground pseudo-geological structures and the like and reducing well position deployment and drilling risks.
The optimal value of the anisotropic parameter is determined in a calculation mode through the well-seismic layering data, the logging speed and the isotropic seismic speed, so that the determination efficiency is high, the cost is low, and the application range is wide.
Based on the inventive concept, an embodiment of the present invention further provides an anisotropic parameter determining apparatus, where the apparatus has a structure as shown in fig. 3, and includes:
A data acquisition module 31 for acquiring a thickness error threshold, a velocity error threshold, and a well calibration thickness, an isotropic thickness, a logging velocity, and an isotropic velocity for each layer system;
An anisotropic parameter determining module 32, configured to determine a plurality of thickness error enumeration values according to the thickness error threshold, determine a corresponding anisotropic parameter enumeration value according to each thickness error enumeration value, a well calibration thickness and an isotropic thickness of the layer, determine a corresponding velocity error according to the anisotropic parameter enumeration value, a logging velocity and an isotropic velocity of the layer, screen an anisotropic parameter enumeration value whose velocity error satisfies the velocity error threshold as an anisotropic parameter effective enumeration value, determine a total score of the anisotropic parameter effective enumeration value according to the set velocity weight value, the set thickness weight value, the anisotropic parameter effective enumeration value, the corresponding velocity error and the thickness error enumeration value, and determine an anisotropic parameter effective enumeration value with the highest total score as an anisotropic parameter optimal value of the layer.
The specific manner in which the various modules perform the operations in the apparatus of the above embodiments have been described in detail in connection with the embodiments of the method, and will not be described in detail herein.
Based on the inventive concept, the embodiments of the present invention further provide a computer program product with an anisotropic parameter calculation function, including a computer program/instruction, where the computer program/instruction implements the anisotropic parameter determination method described above when executed by a processor.
It should be understood that the specific order or hierarchy of steps in the processes disclosed are examples of exemplary approaches. Based on design preferences, it is understood that the specific order or hierarchy of steps in the processes may be rearranged without departing from the scope of the present disclosure. The accompanying method claims present elements of the various steps in a sample order, and are not meant to be limited to the specific order or hierarchy presented.
In the foregoing detailed description, various features are grouped together in a single embodiment for the purpose of streamlining the disclosure. This method of disclosure is not to be interpreted as reflecting an intention that the claimed embodiments of the subject matter require more features than are expressly recited in each claim. Rather, as the following claims reflect, invention lies in less than all features of a single disclosed embodiment. Thus the following claims are hereby expressly incorporated into this detailed description, with each claim standing on its own as a separate preferred embodiment of this invention.
The foregoing description includes examples of one or more embodiments. It is, of course, not possible to describe every conceivable combination of components or methodologies for purposes of describing the aforementioned embodiments, but one of ordinary skill in the art may recognize that many further combinations and permutations of various embodiments are possible. Accordingly, the embodiments described herein are intended to embrace all such alterations, modifications and variations that fall within the scope of the appended claims. Furthermore, as used in the specification or claims, the term "comprising" is intended to be inclusive in a manner similar to the term "comprising," as interpreted when employed as a transitional word in a claim. Furthermore, any use of the term "or" in the specification of the claims is intended to mean "non-exclusive or".
Claims (7)
1. A method for determining an anisotropic parameter, comprising:
a data acquisition step of acquiring a thickness error threshold value, a speed error threshold value, well calibration thickness, isotropy thickness, logging speed and isotropy speed of each layer system;
The following anisotropic parameter determination steps are performed separately for each layer system:
Determining a plurality of thickness error enumeration values according to the thickness error threshold, and determining an anisotropic parameter enumeration value delta (delta H) corresponding to the thickness error enumeration value delta H according to the thickness error enumeration value delta H, the well calibration thickness H 0 and the isotropic thickness H 1 of the layer system by using the following formula (1):
determining a corresponding speed error according to the anisotropic parameter enumeration value, the logging speed and the isotropy speed of the layer system, and screening the anisotropic parameter enumeration value of which the speed error meets the speed error threshold as an anisotropic parameter effective enumeration value;
based on the velocity error threshold MaxDV and the velocity error Δv (Δh) corresponding to the anisotropic parameter valid enumeration value, a velocity term score MarkV (Δh) of the anisotropic parameter valid enumeration value is determined using the following formula (2):
Determining the maximum value of the thickness item score influence parameter according to the thickness error enumeration value corresponding to the anisotropic parameter effective enumeration value and the corresponding relation between the thickness error and the maximum value of the thickness item score influence parameter;
according to the maximum value n of the thickness term score influence parameter m, the thickness term score MarkH (delta H) of the effective enumeration value of the anisotropic parameter is determined by the following formula (3):
Determining the total score of the effective enumeration value of the anisotropic parameter according to the set speed weight value, the set thickness weight value, the speed item score and the thickness item score;
and determining the effective enumerated value of the anisotropic parameter with the highest total score as the optimal value of the anisotropic parameter of the layer system.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein determining the corresponding velocity error based on the anisotropy parameter enumeration value, the logging velocity of the layer, and the isotropic velocity comprises:
From the anisotropy parameter enumeration value δ (Δh) and the isotropic velocity V I of the layer system, an anisotropy velocity calculation value V A (Δh) corresponding to the thickness error enumeration value Δh is determined using the following equation (4):
From the calculated anisotropic velocity V A (Δh) and the logging velocity V 0 of the layer system, a corresponding velocity error Δv (Δh) is determined using the following equation (5):
ΔV(ΔH)=VA(ΔH)-V0(5)。
3. The method of claim 1, wherein determining the total score of the anisotropic parameter significance enumeration value based on the set speed weight value, the set thickness weight value, the speed term score, and the thickness term score comprises:
The total score FINALMARK (Δh) of the anisotropic parameter significance enumeration value is determined from the set speed weight value W V, the set thickness weight value W H, the speed term score MarkV (Δh), and the thickness term score MarkH (Δh) using the following equation (6):
FinalMark(ΔH)=WH×MarkH(ΔH)+WV×MarkV(ΔH)(6)。
4. a method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, further comprising:
The formation between the reference plane and the adjacent control layer is determined as a layer system and the formation between the adjacent control layers is determined as a layer system.
5. A method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, further comprising:
And if the anisotropic parameter enumeration value with the speed error meeting the speed error threshold does not exist, sending a notice of the layer-layer data abnormality, and re-executing the data acquisition step.
6. An anisotropic parameter determination apparatus, comprising:
The data acquisition module is used for acquiring a thickness error threshold value, a speed error threshold value, well calibration thickness, isotropy thickness, logging speed and isotropy speed of each layer system;
an anisotropic parameter determination module for performing the following anisotropic parameter determination steps for each layer system, respectively:
Determining a plurality of thickness error enumeration values according to the thickness error threshold, and determining an anisotropic parameter enumeration value delta (delta H) corresponding to the thickness error enumeration value delta H according to the thickness error enumeration value delta H, the well calibration thickness H 0 and the isotropic thickness H 1 of the layer system by using the following formula (1):
determining a corresponding speed error according to the anisotropic parameter enumeration value, the logging speed and the isotropy speed of the layer system, and screening the anisotropic parameter enumeration value of which the speed error meets the speed error threshold as an anisotropic parameter effective enumeration value;
based on the velocity error threshold MaxDV and the velocity error Δv (Δh) corresponding to the anisotropic parameter valid enumeration value, a velocity term score MarkV (Δh) of the anisotropic parameter valid enumeration value is determined using the following formula (2):
Determining the maximum value of the thickness item score influence parameter according to the thickness error enumeration value corresponding to the anisotropic parameter effective enumeration value and the corresponding relation between the thickness error and the maximum value of the thickness item score influence parameter;
according to the maximum value n of the thickness term score influence parameter m, the thickness term score MarkH (delta H) of the effective enumeration value of the anisotropic parameter is determined by the following formula (3):
Determining the total score of the effective enumeration value of the anisotropic parameter according to the set speed weight value, the set thickness weight value, the speed item score and the thickness item score;
and determining the effective enumerated value of the anisotropic parameter with the highest total score as the optimal value of the anisotropic parameter of the layer system.
7. A computer program product having an anisotropic parameter calculation function, comprising a computer program/instruction which, when executed by a processor, implements the anisotropic parameter determination method of any of claims 1 to 5.
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