CN116242530A - Dynamic pressure-sensitive paint calibration device and calibration method based on sinusoidal pressure - Google Patents

Dynamic pressure-sensitive paint calibration device and calibration method based on sinusoidal pressure Download PDF

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CN116242530A
CN116242530A CN202310137270.6A CN202310137270A CN116242530A CN 116242530 A CN116242530 A CN 116242530A CN 202310137270 A CN202310137270 A CN 202310137270A CN 116242530 A CN116242530 A CN 116242530A
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sensitive paint
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CN116242530B (en
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李峰
史博
陈晓松
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Beijing Changcheng Institute of Metrology and Measurement AVIC
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    • G01LMEASURING FORCE, STRESS, TORQUE, WORK, MECHANICAL POWER, MECHANICAL EFFICIENCY, OR FLUID PRESSURE
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Abstract

本发明公开的一种基于正弦压力的动态压敏漆校准装置及校准方法,属于校准试验技术领域。本发明包括进气口、喷口、多孔转盘、预压孔、复位装置、变径活塞、活塞缸、密封盖板、玻璃窗口、端盖、激光测振仪、压敏漆式样、传动带、玻璃窗口、压敏漆光源和光电倍增管。变径活塞缸侧壁玻璃窗口处安装有压敏漆光源和光电倍增管。复位装置安装于变径活塞缸内右侧。本发明通过电机带动转盘切割高速射流,射流冲击变径活塞,挤压密封压力室产生压力,由于高速射流受到周期性切割作用,通过活塞挤压,使得压力室产生正弦周期性变化的脉动压力,通过脉动压力实现动态压敏漆校准。本发明具有压力腔体、压力平均值及峰峰值可调、可溯源的优点。

Figure 202310137270

The invention discloses a sinusoidal pressure-based dynamic pressure-sensitive paint calibration device and a calibration method, belonging to the technical field of calibration tests. The invention includes an air inlet, a nozzle, a porous turntable, a pre-press hole, a reset device, a variable-diameter piston, a piston cylinder, a sealing cover, a glass window, an end cover, a laser vibrometer, a pressure-sensitive paint pattern, a transmission belt, and a glass window , Pressure-sensitive paint light source and photomultiplier tube. A pressure-sensitive paint light source and a photomultiplier tube are installed at the glass window on the side wall of the variable-diameter piston cylinder. The reset device is installed on the right side in the variable diameter piston cylinder. The invention drives the turntable to cut the high-speed jet through the motor, the jet hits the variable-diameter piston, and squeezes the sealed pressure chamber to generate pressure. Since the high-speed jet is subjected to periodic cutting and squeezed by the piston, the pressure chamber produces pulsating pressure with sinusoidal periodic changes. Dynamic pressure-sensitive paint calibration via pulsating pressure. The invention has the advantages of adjustable pressure chamber, pressure average value and peak-to-peak value, and traceable source.

Figure 202310137270

Description

一种基于正弦压力的动态压敏漆校准装置及校准方法A dynamic pressure-sensitive paint calibration device and calibration method based on sinusoidal pressure

技术领域Technical Field

本发明涉及一种基于正弦压力的动态压敏漆校准装置及校准方法,特别涉及一种大压力室、压力可调的正弦压力校准装置,属于校准试验技术领域。The invention relates to a dynamic pressure-sensitive paint calibration device and a calibration method based on sinusoidal pressure, and in particular to a sinusoidal pressure calibration device with a large pressure chamber and adjustable pressure, belonging to the technical field of calibration tests.

背景技术Background Art

压敏漆技术是一种相对新型的空气动力学试验技术,主要用于风洞试验中模型表面压力测量,作为一种压力场参数测量技术,由于其能够提供更丰富有效的试验数据,因此被广泛应用,是一种具有替代常规压力测量试验技术的换代技术。目前对压敏漆的动态性能校准基本都采用激波管校准装置进行动态响应特性的校准,激波管产生非常快的阶跃压力作用在压敏漆上,可以测得压敏漆的响应时间特性,但是一般的动态压力校准还包括在不同频率正弦压力下的幅频特性和相位差,以上参数无法通过激波管测得。因此,为得到压敏漆在不同频率下的幅值波形跟随特性,需要开展基于正弦压力的动态校准,压敏漆作为压力场测量手段,由于工艺及功能限制,其感压面几何尺寸通常交大,而当前正弦压力校准装置为保证压力波形和峰峰值,通常压力室较小,无法满足压敏漆校准需求。Pressure-sensitive paint technology is a relatively new aerodynamic test technology, mainly used for model surface pressure measurement in wind tunnel tests. As a pressure field parameter measurement technology, it is widely used because it can provide more abundant and effective test data. It is a replacement technology that can replace conventional pressure measurement test technology. At present, the dynamic performance calibration of pressure-sensitive paint basically uses a shock tube calibration device to calibrate the dynamic response characteristics. The shock tube generates a very fast step pressure acting on the pressure-sensitive paint, which can measure the response time characteristics of the pressure-sensitive paint. However, general dynamic pressure calibration also includes amplitude-frequency characteristics and phase difference under sinusoidal pressures of different frequencies. The above parameters cannot be measured by shock tubes. Therefore, in order to obtain the amplitude waveform following characteristics of pressure-sensitive paint at different frequencies, it is necessary to carry out dynamic calibration based on sinusoidal pressure. As a means of measuring pressure field, pressure-sensitive paint usually has large geometric dimensions of its pressure-sensitive surface due to process and function limitations. In order to ensure the pressure waveform and peak-to-peak value, the current sinusoidal pressure calibration device usually has a small pressure chamber, which cannot meet the calibration requirements of pressure-sensitive paint.

发明内容Summary of the invention

针对压敏漆校准中,压力腔体大,脉动值小的要求,本发明主要目的是提供一种基于正弦压力的动态压敏漆校准装置及校准方法,通过电机带动转盘切割高速射流,射流冲击变径活塞,挤压密封压力室产生压力,由于高速射流受到周期性切割作用,通过活塞挤压,使得压力室产生正弦周期性变化的脉动压力,通过所述脉动压力实现动态压敏漆校准。本发明具有压力腔体大、压力平均值及峰峰值可调、可溯源的优点。In view of the requirement of large pressure cavity and small pulsation value in pressure-sensitive paint calibration, the main purpose of the present invention is to provide a dynamic pressure-sensitive paint calibration device and calibration method based on sinusoidal pressure, wherein a motor drives a turntable to cut a high-speed jet, and the jet impacts a variable-diameter piston, squeezing a sealed pressure chamber to generate pressure. Since the high-speed jet is subjected to periodic cutting, it is squeezed by the piston, so that the pressure chamber generates a pulsating pressure with sinusoidal periodic changes, and dynamic pressure-sensitive paint calibration is achieved through the pulsating pressure. The present invention has the advantages of a large pressure cavity, adjustable pressure average value and peak-to-peak value, and traceability.

本发明的目的是通过下述技术方案实现的:The objective of the present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions:

本发明公开的一种基于正弦压力的动态压敏漆校准装置,包括进气口、喷口、多孔转盘、预压孔、复位装置、变径活塞、活塞缸、密封盖板、玻璃窗口、端盖、激光测振仪、压敏漆式样、传动带、玻璃窗口、压敏漆光源、光电倍增管、压力室和预压室。The present invention discloses a dynamic pressure-sensitive paint calibration device based on sinusoidal pressure, comprising an air inlet, a nozzle, a porous turntable, a pre-pressing hole, a reset device, a variable-diameter piston, a piston cylinder, a sealing cover plate, a glass window, an end cover, a laser vibrometer, a pressure-sensitive paint pattern, a transmission belt, a glass window, a pressure-sensitive paint light source, a photomultiplier tube, a pressure chamber and a pre-pressing chamber.

采用电机加传动装置带动多孔转盘,通过切割高压高速射流,对变径活塞产生周期性冲击力,进而在密封压力室内产生正弦变化的压力;装置的主体为变径活塞缸,活塞缸左侧为密封的压力室,压力室侧壁开有一个安装孔用于安装压敏漆式样,同时缸体左侧开有玻璃窗口,缸体侧壁开有玻璃窗口,玻璃窗口由端盖和密封盖板夹紧固定;活塞缸右侧为一容腔,其中安装用于活塞复位的复位装置,腔体右侧开有预压孔;压力室右侧活塞筒与多孔转盘左侧贴合;转盘右侧与喷口贴合,喷口内部为变截面结构,用于提升气流速度,喷口右侧连接进气口,转盘通过传动带与电机连接;变径活塞缸左侧安装有激光测振仪;变径活塞缸侧壁玻璃窗口处安装有压敏漆光源和光电倍增管。A motor plus a transmission device is used to drive the porous turntable, which generates periodic impact force on the variable-diameter piston by cutting high-pressure and high-speed jets, thereby generating sinusoidally varying pressure in the sealed pressure chamber; the main body of the device is a variable-diameter piston cylinder, and the left side of the piston cylinder is a sealed pressure chamber. A mounting hole is opened on the side wall of the pressure chamber for installing a pressure-sensitive paint pattern, and a glass window is opened on the left side of the cylinder body and the side wall of the cylinder body. The glass window is clamped and fixed by an end cover and a sealing cover plate; the right side of the piston cylinder is a chamber, in which a reset device for resetting the piston is installed, and a pre-pressure hole is opened on the right side of the chamber; the piston cylinder on the right side of the pressure chamber is fitted with the left side of the porous turntable; the right side of the turntable is fitted with the nozzle, and the inside of the nozzle is a variable-section structure for increasing the air flow velocity. The right side of the nozzle is connected to the air inlet, and the turntable is connected to the motor through a transmission belt; a laser vibrometer is installed on the left side of the variable-diameter piston cylinder; a pressure-sensitive paint light source and a photomultiplier tube are installed at the glass window on the side wall of the variable-diameter piston cylinder.

所述变径活塞缸侧壁玻璃窗口处安装有压敏漆光源和光电倍增管,压敏漆光源用于激励压敏漆,光电倍增管用于接收压敏漆荧光信号。A pressure-sensitive paint light source and a photomultiplier tube are installed at the glass window on the side wall of the variable-diameter piston cylinder. The pressure-sensitive paint light source is used to excite the pressure-sensitive paint, and the photomultiplier tube is used to receive the fluorescence signal of the pressure-sensitive paint.

作为优选,所述复位装置为安装于变径活塞缸内右侧的弹簧线圈,或为电磁线圈,当采用电磁线圈时能够解决弹簧寿命不足及系统振动模态问题。Preferably, the reset device is a spring coil installed on the right side of the variable-diameter piston cylinder, or an electromagnetic coil. When the electromagnetic coil is used, the problems of insufficient spring life and system vibration mode can be solved.

作为进一步优选,所述弹簧线圈与变径活塞组成二阶阻尼振荡系统,通过调节弹簧线圈的弹性系数和变径活塞质量,使阻尼系统固有频率与装置校准频率上限一致,利用系统谐振提高高频时射流产生的压力,即解决在高频时射流产生的压力较小的问题。As a further preference, the spring coil and the variable-diameter piston form a second-order damped oscillation system. By adjusting the elastic coefficient of the spring coil and the mass of the variable-diameter piston, the natural frequency of the damping system is made consistent with the upper limit of the device calibration frequency. The system resonance is used to increase the pressure generated by the jet at high frequency, thereby solving the problem of low pressure generated by the jet at high frequency.

作为优选,所述变径活塞缸内右侧开有预压孔,通过预压孔充气对活塞缸右侧预压,用于调节变径活塞初始位置以及压力室初始压力,防止由于供气压力过高或过低导致压力室内正弦压力波形不完整。Preferably, a pre-stress hole is opened on the right side of the variable diameter piston cylinder, and air is inflated through the pre-stress hole to pre-stress the right side of the piston cylinder, which is used to adjust the initial position of the variable diameter piston and the initial pressure of the pressure chamber to prevent incomplete sinusoidal pressure waveform in the pressure chamber due to excessively high or low air supply pressure.

作为优选,所述变径活塞缸左侧安装有激光测振仪,通过左侧的玻璃窗口可以监测内部活塞的实时位移。Preferably, a laser vibrometer is installed on the left side of the variable diameter piston cylinder, and the real-time displacement of the internal piston can be monitored through the glass window on the left side.

作为优选,所述变径活塞缸右侧与多孔转盘贴合但不连接,电机通过传动皮带连接并带动多孔转盘转动,转盘上开有圆孔用于切割气流。Preferably, the right side of the variable diameter piston cylinder is in contact with but not connected to the porous turntable, and the motor is connected via a transmission belt and drives the porous turntable to rotate, and circular holes are opened on the turntable for cutting airflow.

作为优选,所述喷口内部为变径结构,通过改变内径大小及形状,提高射流速度,并使其出口为正方形,正方形边长与多孔转盘上的圆孔直径一致。Preferably, the nozzle has a variable diameter structure inside, and the jet velocity is increased by changing the size and shape of the inner diameter, and the outlet is made square, and the side length of the square is consistent with the diameter of the circular hole on the porous turntable.

本发明公开的一种基于正弦压力的动态压敏漆校准方法,基于所述一种基于正弦压力的动态压敏漆校准装置实现。所述一种基于正弦压力的动态压敏漆校准方法,实现方法如下:The present invention discloses a dynamic pressure-sensitive paint calibration method based on sinusoidal pressure, which is implemented based on the dynamic pressure-sensitive paint calibration device based on sinusoidal pressure. The dynamic pressure-sensitive paint calibration method based on sinusoidal pressure is implemented as follows:

在校准前,根据校准频率上限选择适当的弹簧线圈和活塞,令弹簧线圈与活塞组成的二阶振荡系统的自振频率与校准频率上限接近。为保证正弦压力波形不失真,多孔轮盘要保证开孔均匀,且满足连接两开孔圆心的弧长大约为2倍的开孔直径。Before calibration, select appropriate spring coils and pistons according to the upper limit of the calibration frequency, so that the natural frequency of the second-order oscillation system composed of the spring coils and pistons is close to the upper limit of the calibration frequency. To ensure that the sinusoidal pressure waveform is not distorted, the porous wheel must ensure that the holes are uniform and the arc length connecting the centers of the two holes is approximately twice the hole diameter.

采用电机带动转盘切割高速射流的方式产生周期型脉动气流作为压力源,同时采用变径活塞结构将高速高压气流产生的高频脉动压力转化为适用于压敏漆校准的大容积、低脉动值压力场。A motor is used to drive a turntable to cut a high-speed jet to generate a periodic pulsating airflow as a pressure source. At the same time, a variable-diameter piston structure is used to convert the high-frequency pulsating pressure generated by the high-speed and high-pressure airflow into a large-volume, low-pulsation pressure field suitable for pressure-sensitive paint calibration.

通过所述预压孔进出气,调节预压室初始压力,从而改变压力室脉动压力初始值,该初始值即为脉动压力的平均值,通过调节来流喷口直径及收缩比,改变来流压力、流速,产生适用于不同工况的脉动压力值。The air enters and exits through the pre-pressure hole, and the initial pressure of the pre-pressure chamber is adjusted, thereby changing the initial value of the pulsating pressure of the pressure chamber. The initial value is the average value of the pulsating pressure. By adjusting the diameter and contraction ratio of the incoming flow nozzle, the incoming flow pressure and flow rate are changed, and the pulsating pressure values suitable for different working conditions are generated.

采用激光测振仪记录变径活塞位移量ΔL,根据气体状态方程,对于密闭压力容腔,PV=常数,因此根据变径活塞的位移量计算压力室压力。A laser vibrometer is used to record the displacement ΔL of the variable-diameter piston. According to the gas state equation, for a closed pressure chamber, PV = constant, so the pressure chamber pressure is calculated based on the displacement of the variable-diameter piston.

动态压敏漆校准装置试验工况包括参数:校准频率、正弦压力平均值及脉动值。The test conditions of the dynamic pressure-sensitive paint calibration device include parameters: calibration frequency, sinusoidal pressure average value and pulsation value.

频率:根据校准需求,通过控制电机转速,改变气流冲击频率,进而改变压力变化频率。Frequency: According to the calibration requirements, the airflow impact frequency is changed by controlling the motor speed, thereby changing the pressure change frequency.

压力平均值:通过装置预压孔,连接压力控制器,通过调节预压室压力,改变初始压力P0,即为校准的平均压力值。Average pressure value: Connect the pressure controller through the pre-pressure hole of the device, and change the initial pressure P 0 by adjusting the pre-pressure chamber pressure, which is the calibrated average pressure value.

脉动值:压力的脉动值主要靠气源推动,因此通过调节气源压力、进气口通径可以调节脉动压力的峰峰值。Pulsation value: The pulsation value of pressure is mainly driven by the gas source. Therefore, the peak-to-peak value of the pulsation pressure can be adjusted by adjusting the gas source pressure and the air inlet diameter.

由于气体状态方程PV=γRT,当环境温度不变时,压力室内的压力与压力容积成反比,即:P0V0=PtVtDue to the gas state equation PV = γRT, when the ambient temperature remains unchanged, the pressure in the pressure chamber is inversely proportional to the pressure volume, that is: P 0 V 0 = P t V t .

压力室的初始容积为:The initial volume of the pressure chamber is:

Figure BDA0004086326630000031
Figure BDA0004086326630000031

则压力室内的实时压力计算公式为:The real-time pressure calculation formula in the pressure chamber is:

Figure BDA0004086326630000032
Figure BDA0004086326630000032

其中:in:

ΔL-活塞位移量;ΔL-piston displacement;

Pt-压力室内实时压力; Pt - real-time pressure in the pressure chamber;

P;0-压力室初始压力;P; 0-initial pressure of the pressure chamber;

L0-活塞初始距离;L 0 - initial distance of the piston;

D-活塞直径。D-piston diameter.

打开压敏漆光源和光电倍增管,采集压敏漆光强信号,进而得到压敏漆的测量结果;根据激光测振仪记录的活塞运动位移数据ΔL=f(t),通过计算出压力室内的压力随时间的变化,对比得出压敏漆动态特性,实现动态压敏漆校准。Turn on the pressure-sensitive paint light source and photomultiplier tube, collect the pressure-sensitive paint light intensity signal, and then get the measurement result of the pressure-sensitive paint; according to the piston movement displacement data ΔL=f(t) recorded by the laser vibrometer, calculate the change of pressure in the pressure chamber with time, compare and get the dynamic characteristics of the pressure-sensitive paint, and realize dynamic pressure-sensitive paint calibration.

有益效果:Beneficial effects:

1、本发明公开的一种基于正弦压力的动态压敏漆校准装置及校准方法,通过电机带动转盘切割高速射流,射流冲击变径活塞,挤压密封压力室产生压力,由于高速射流受到周期性切割作用,通过活塞挤压,使得压力室产生正弦周期性变化的脉动压力,通过所述脉动压力实现动态压敏漆幅值跟随特性校准,即实现动态压敏漆校准。1. The present invention discloses a dynamic pressure-sensitive paint calibration device and calibration method based on sinusoidal pressure. A motor drives a turntable to cut a high-speed jet. The jet impacts a variable-diameter piston and squeezes a sealed pressure chamber to generate pressure. Since the high-speed jet is subjected to periodic cutting, it is squeezed by the piston to generate a pulsating pressure with sinusoidal periodic changes in the pressure chamber. The pulsating pressure is used to realize the dynamic pressure-sensitive paint amplitude following characteristic calibration, that is, the dynamic pressure-sensitive paint calibration is realized.

2、本发明公开的一种基于正弦压力的动态压敏漆校准装置及校准方法,采用气流直射冲击活塞的方式产生正弦压力,能够根据需求调整供气流量和速度进而产生不同幅值的正弦压力,并能够根据构建的关系式实现定量精准调节。2. The present invention discloses a dynamic pressure-sensitive paint calibration device and calibration method based on sinusoidal pressure, which generates sinusoidal pressure by directly impacting a piston with airflow. The air supply flow rate and speed can be adjusted according to demand to generate sinusoidal pressures of different amplitudes, and quantitative and precise adjustment can be achieved according to the constructed relationship.

3、为解决常规进出口调制式正弦压力发生器压力室较小的问题,本发明公开的一种基于正弦压力的动态压敏漆校准装置及校准方法,采用活塞结构提高正弦压力;且所述变径活塞缸内右侧开有预压孔,通过预压孔充气对活塞缸右侧预压,用于调节变径活塞初始位置以及压力室初始压力,防止压力室内正弦压力波形不完整;此外,所述弹簧线圈与变径活塞组成二阶阻尼振荡系统,通过调节弹簧线圈的弹性系数和变径活塞质量,使阻尼系统固有频率与装置校准频率上限一致,利用系统谐振提高高频时射流产生的压力。3. In order to solve the problem of the smaller pressure chamber of the conventional inlet and outlet modulated sinusoidal pressure generator, the present invention discloses a dynamic pressure-sensitive paint calibration device and calibration method based on sinusoidal pressure, which adopts a piston structure to increase the sinusoidal pressure; and a pre-stressing hole is opened on the right side of the variable diameter piston cylinder, and the right side of the piston cylinder is pre-stressed by inflating through the pre-stressing hole, which is used to adjust the initial position of the variable diameter piston and the initial pressure of the pressure chamber to prevent the incomplete sinusoidal pressure waveform in the pressure chamber; in addition, the spring coil and the variable diameter piston form a second-order damped oscillation system, and the elastic coefficient of the spring coil and the mass of the variable diameter piston are adjusted to make the natural frequency of the damping system consistent with the upper limit of the calibration frequency of the device, and the pressure generated by the jet at high frequency is increased by using the system resonance.

4、本发明公开的一种基于正弦压力的动态压敏漆校准装置及校准方法,通过监测活塞位置得到压力室内压力变化,进而实现动态压力绝对法校准。4. The present invention discloses a dynamic pressure-sensitive paint calibration device and calibration method based on sinusoidal pressure, which obtains the pressure change in the pressure chamber by monitoring the piston position, thereby realizing dynamic pressure absolute method calibration.

附图说明BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

图1为本发明公开的一种基于正弦压力的动态压敏漆校准装置主视图。FIG1 is a front view of a dynamic pressure-sensitive paint calibration device based on sinusoidal pressure disclosed in the present invention.

图2为本发明公开的一种基于正弦压力的动态压敏漆校准装置俯视图。FIG2 is a top view of a dynamic pressure-sensitive paint calibration device based on sinusoidal pressure disclosed in the present invention.

其中,1—进气口、2—喷口、3—多孔转盘、4—预压孔、5—弹簧线圈、6—变径活塞、7—活塞缸、8—密封盖板、9—玻璃窗口、10—端盖、11—激光测振仪、12—压敏漆式样、13—传动带、14—玻璃窗口、15—压敏漆光源、16—光电倍增管、17—压力室、18—预压室。Among them, 1 is the air inlet, 2 is the nozzle, 3 is the porous turntable, 4 is the pre-pressing hole, 5 is the spring coil, 6 is the variable diameter piston, 7 is the piston cylinder, 8 is the sealing cover plate, 9 is the glass window, 10 is the end cover, 11 is the laser vibrometer, 12 is the pressure-sensitive paint pattern, 13 is the transmission belt, 14 is the glass window, 15 is the pressure-sensitive paint light source, 16 is the photomultiplier tube, 17 is the pressure chamber, and 18 is the pre-pressing chamber.

图3为压力室主体结构图。Figure 3 is a diagram of the main structure of the pressure chamber.

具体实施方式DETAILED DESCRIPTION

下面通过实例并结合附图对本发明的技术方案做进一步的具体说明。同时也叙述了本发明技术方案解决的技术问题及有益效果,需要指出的是,所描述的实施例仅旨在便于对本发明的理解,而对其不起任何限定作用。The technical solution of the present invention is further described in detail below by examples and in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. The technical problems solved by the technical solution of the present invention and the beneficial effects are also described. It should be pointed out that the described embodiments are only intended to facilitate the understanding of the present invention and do not have any limiting effect on it.

如图1、2所示,本实施例公开的一种基于正弦压力的动态压敏漆校准装置,包括进气口1、喷口2、多孔转盘3、预压孔4、弹簧线圈5、变径活塞6、活塞缸7、密封盖板8、玻璃窗口9、端盖10、激光测振仪11、压敏漆式样12、传动带13、玻璃窗口14、压敏漆光源15、光电倍增管16、压力室17和预压室18。As shown in Figures 1 and 2, the present embodiment discloses a dynamic pressure-sensitive paint calibration device based on sinusoidal pressure, including an air inlet 1, a nozzle 2, a porous turntable 3, a pre-pressure hole 4, a spring coil 5, a variable diameter piston 6, a piston cylinder 7, a sealing cover plate 8, a glass window 9, an end cover 10, a laser vibrometer 11, a pressure-sensitive paint pattern 12, a transmission belt 13, a glass window 14, a pressure-sensitive paint light source 15, a photomultiplier tube 16, a pressure chamber 17 and a pre-pressure chamber 18.

采用电机加传动装置带动多孔转盘3,通过切割高压高速射流,对变径活塞6产生周期性冲击力,进而在密封压力室内产生正弦变化的压力;装置的主体为一种变径活塞缸7,活塞缸7左侧为密封的压力室,压力室侧壁开有一个安装孔用于安装压敏漆式样12,同时缸体左侧开有玻璃窗口9,缸体侧壁开有玻璃窗口14,玻璃窗口由端盖10和密封盖板夹8紧固定;活塞缸右侧为一容腔,其中安装用于活塞复位的弹簧线圈5,腔体右侧开有预压孔,通过预压孔可以调节预压室18的初始压力;压力室17右侧活塞筒与多孔转盘3左侧贴合;转盘右侧与喷口2贴合,喷口内部为变截面结构,用于提升气流速度,喷口右侧连接进气口1,转盘通过传动带13与电机连接;变径活塞缸左侧安装有激光测振仪11;变径活塞缸侧壁玻璃窗口处安装有压敏漆光源15和光电倍增管16。The porous turntable 3 is driven by a motor and a transmission device, and a periodic impact force is generated on the variable-diameter piston 6 by cutting a high-pressure and high-speed jet, thereby generating a sinusoidally changing pressure in the sealed pressure chamber; the main body of the device is a variable-diameter piston cylinder 7, the left side of the piston cylinder 7 is a sealed pressure chamber, and a mounting hole is opened on the side wall of the pressure chamber for installing a pressure-sensitive paint pattern 12, while a glass window 9 is opened on the left side of the cylinder body, and a glass window 14 is opened on the side wall of the cylinder body, and the glass window is fixed by an end cover 10 and a sealing cover plate clamp 8; the right side of the piston cylinder is a cavity, which A spring coil 5 for resetting the piston is installed in the middle, and a pre-stressing hole is opened on the right side of the cavity, through which the initial pressure of the pre-stressing chamber 18 can be adjusted; the piston cylinder on the right side of the pressure chamber 17 is fitted with the left side of the porous turntable 3; the right side of the turntable is fitted with the nozzle 2, and the inside of the nozzle is a variable cross-section structure for increasing the air flow velocity, the right side of the nozzle is connected to the air inlet 1, and the turntable is connected to the motor through a transmission belt 13; a laser vibrometer 11 is installed on the left side of the variable diameter piston cylinder; a pressure-sensitive paint light source 15 and a photomultiplier tube 16 are installed at the glass window on the side wall of the variable diameter piston cylinder.

本实施例公开的一种基于正弦压力的动态压敏漆校准方法,基于所述一种基于正弦压力的动态压敏漆校准装置实现。所述一种基于正弦压力的动态压敏漆校准方法,实现方法如下:The dynamic pressure-sensitive paint calibration method based on sinusoidal pressure disclosed in this embodiment is implemented based on the dynamic pressure-sensitive paint calibration device based on sinusoidal pressure. The dynamic pressure-sensitive paint calibration method based on sinusoidal pressure is implemented as follows:

在校准前,根据校准频率上限选择适当的弹簧线圈5和变径活塞7,令弹簧线圈与变径活塞组成的二阶振荡系统的自振频率与校准频率上限接近。为保证正弦压力波形不失真,多孔转盘3要保证开孔均匀,且开孔满足连接两孔圆心的弧长大约为2倍的开孔直径。Before calibration, select appropriate spring coil 5 and variable diameter piston 7 according to the upper limit of calibration frequency, so that the natural frequency of the second-order oscillation system composed of spring coil and variable diameter piston is close to the upper limit of calibration frequency. In order to ensure that the sinusoidal pressure waveform is not distorted, the porous turntable 3 must ensure that the holes are uniform and the holes meet the arc length connecting the centers of the two holes is approximately twice the hole diameter.

安装压敏漆试样12并密封压力室,根据被测压敏漆量程通过预压孔充入适当气体,始压力室内达到预定压力P0,利用激光测振仪11记录此时变径活塞7的初始位置,并设为零点,此时压力室直径与活塞直径D一致,长度为L0Install the pressure-sensitive paint sample 12 and seal the pressure chamber. Fill the pressure chamber with appropriate gas through the pre-pressure hole according to the range of the pressure-sensitive paint to be measured. When the pressure chamber reaches a predetermined pressure P 0 , the initial position of the variable-diameter piston 7 is recorded by the laser vibrometer 11 and set as the zero point. At this time, the diameter of the pressure chamber is consistent with the piston diameter D, and the length is L 0 .

调节进气压力P1,使气流经过多孔转盘3冲击变径活塞7,活塞受高速高压气流冲击产生向右的位移,此时接通电机,使多孔转盘3转动。多孔转盘上的圆孔与喷口2的方孔切割,使气流的冲击作用产生正弦的周期变化,此时活塞系统在气流的冲击下受迫振动。活塞在冲击及两侧压力腔体内压力的作用下产生往复运动,形成正弦压力,频率由转盘的转速决定。Adjust the intake pressure P1 , so that the airflow passes through the porous turntable 3 and impacts the variable diameter piston 7. The piston is impacted by the high-speed and high-pressure airflow and moves to the right. At this time, the motor is turned on to rotate the porous turntable 3. The circular holes on the porous turntable cut the square holes of the nozzle 2, so that the impact of the airflow produces a sinusoidal periodic change. At this time, the piston system is forced to vibrate under the impact of the airflow. The piston reciprocates under the impact and the pressure in the pressure chambers on both sides, forming a sinusoidal pressure, and the frequency is determined by the rotation speed of the turntable.

由气体状态方程PV=γRT可知当环境温度不变时,压力室内的压力与压力容积成反比,即:P0V0=PtVtFrom the gas state equation PV=γRT, it can be seen that when the ambient temperature remains unchanged, the pressure in the pressure chamber is inversely proportional to the pressure volume, that is: P 0 V 0 =P t V t .

压力室的初始容积为:The initial volume of the pressure chamber is:

Figure BDA0004086326630000051
Figure BDA0004086326630000051

则压力室内的实时压力计算公式为:The real-time pressure calculation formula in the pressure chamber is:

Figure BDA0004086326630000052
Figure BDA0004086326630000052

其中:in:

ΔL-活塞位移量;ΔL-piston displacement;

Pt一压力室内实时压力; Pt- real-time pressure in the pressure chamber;

P0-压力室初始压力;P 0 - initial pressure of the pressure chamber;

L0-活塞初始距离;L 0 - initial distance of the piston;

D-活塞直径。D-piston diameter.

试验中,打开压敏漆光源和光电倍增管,采集压敏漆光强信号,进而得到压敏漆的测量结果;根据激光测振仪记录的活塞运动位移数据ΔL=f(t),计算出压力室内的压力随时间的变化,对比得出压敏漆动态特性,实现动态压敏漆校准。During the experiment, the pressure-sensitive paint light source and photomultiplier tube were turned on to collect the light intensity signal of the pressure-sensitive paint, and then the measurement results of the pressure-sensitive paint were obtained; based on the piston movement displacement data ΔL=f(t) recorded by the laser vibrometer, the change of pressure in the pressure chamber over time was calculated, and the dynamic characteristics of the pressure-sensitive paint were obtained by comparison to achieve dynamic pressure-sensitive paint calibration.

以上所述的具体描述,对发明的目的、技术方案和有益效果进行了进一步详细说明,所应理解的是,以上所述仅为本发明的具体实施例而已,并不用于限定本发明的保护范围,凡在本发明的精神和原则之内,所做的任何修改、等同替换、改进等,均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。The specific description above further illustrates the purpose, technical solutions and beneficial effects of the invention in detail. It should be understood that the above description is only a specific embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the scope of protection of the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included in the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims (8)

1.一种基于正弦压力的动态压敏漆校准装置,其特征在于:包括进气口、喷口、多孔转盘、预压孔、复位装置、变径活塞、活塞缸、密封盖板、玻璃窗口、端盖、激光测振仪、压敏漆式样、传动带、玻璃窗口、压敏漆光源、光电倍增管、压力室和预压室;1. A dynamic pressure-sensitive paint calibration device based on sinusoidal pressure, characterized in that: comprising an air inlet, a spout, a porous turntable, a preload hole, a reset device, a variable-diameter piston, a piston cylinder, a sealing cover plate, a glass window, End caps, laser vibrometers, pressure-sensitive paint patterns, transmission belts, glass windows, pressure-sensitive paint light sources, photomultiplier tubes, pressure chambers and pre-compression chambers; 采用电机加传动装置带动多孔转盘,通过切割高压高速射流,对变径活塞产生周期性冲击力,进而在密封压力室内产生正弦变化的压力;装置的主体为变径活塞缸,活塞缸左侧为密封的压力室,压力室侧壁开有一个安装孔用于安装压敏漆式样,同时缸体左端面开有玻璃窗口,缸体侧壁开有玻璃窗口,玻璃窗口由端盖和密封盖板夹紧固定;活塞缸右侧为一容腔,其中安装用于活塞复位的复位装置,腔体右侧开有预压孔;压力室右侧活塞筒与多孔转盘左侧贴合;转盘右侧与喷口贴合,喷口内部为变截面结构,用于提升气流速度,喷口右侧连接进气口,转盘通过传动带与电机连接;变径活塞缸左侧安装有激光测振仪;变径活塞缸侧壁玻璃窗口处安装有压敏漆光源和光电倍增管;The motor and transmission device are used to drive the porous turntable, and by cutting high-pressure and high-speed jets, periodic impacts are generated on the variable-diameter piston, and then sinusoidally changing pressure is generated in the sealed pressure chamber; the main body of the device is a variable-diameter piston cylinder, and the left side of the piston cylinder is Sealed pressure chamber, a mounting hole is opened on the side wall of the pressure chamber for installing the pressure-sensitive paint pattern, and a glass window is opened on the left end of the cylinder body, and a glass window is opened on the side wall of the cylinder body, and the glass window is composed of an end cover and a sealing cover plate Clamping and fixing; the right side of the piston cylinder is a chamber, in which a reset device for piston reset is installed, and a pre-pressure hole is opened on the right side of the chamber; the piston cylinder on the right side of the pressure chamber is attached to the left side of the porous turntable; the right side of the turntable Fitted with the nozzle, the interior of the nozzle is a variable cross-section structure for increasing the airflow speed, the right side of the nozzle is connected to the air inlet, and the turntable is connected to the motor through a transmission belt; a laser vibrometer is installed on the left side of the variable-diameter piston cylinder; the variable-diameter piston cylinder A pressure-sensitive paint light source and a photomultiplier tube are installed at the glass window on the side wall; 所述变径活塞缸侧壁玻璃窗口处安装有压敏漆光源和光电倍增管,压敏漆光源用于激励压敏漆,光电倍增管用于接收压敏漆荧光信号。A pressure-sensitive paint light source and a photomultiplier tube are installed at the glass window on the side wall of the variable-diameter piston cylinder, the pressure-sensitive paint light source is used to excite the pressure-sensitive paint, and the photomultiplier tube is used to receive the fluorescent signal of the pressure-sensitive paint. 2.如权利要求1所述的一种基于正弦压力的动态压敏漆校准装置,其特征在于:所述复位装置为安装于变径活塞缸内右侧的弹簧线圈,或为电磁线圈。2. A dynamic pressure-sensitive paint calibration device based on sinusoidal pressure according to claim 1, characterized in that: the reset device is a spring coil installed on the right side of the variable-diameter piston cylinder, or an electromagnetic coil. 3.如权利要求2所述的一种基于正弦压力的动态压敏漆校准装置,其特征在于:所述弹簧线圈与变径活塞组成二阶阻尼振荡系统,通过调节弹簧线圈的弹性系数和变径活塞质量,使阻尼系统固有频率与装置校准频率上限一致,利用系统谐振提高高频时射流产生的压力。3. A dynamic pressure-sensitive paint calibration device based on sinusoidal pressure as claimed in claim 2, characterized in that: the spring coil and the variable diameter piston form a second-order damped oscillation system, by adjusting the elastic coefficient and variable diameter of the spring coil The mass of the diameter piston makes the natural frequency of the damping system consistent with the upper limit of the calibration frequency of the device, and uses the system resonance to increase the pressure generated by the jet at high frequencies. 4.如权利要求2或3所述的一种基于正弦压力的动态压敏漆校准装置,其特征在于:所述变径活塞缸内右侧开有预压孔,通过预压孔充气对活塞缸右侧预压,用于调节变径活塞初始位置以及压力室初始压力。4. A dynamic pressure-sensitive paint calibration device based on sinusoidal pressure as claimed in claim 2 or 3, characterized in that: a pre-pressure hole is opened on the right side of the variable-diameter piston cylinder, and the piston is inflated through the pre-pressure hole. The preload on the right side of the cylinder is used to adjust the initial position of the reducing piston and the initial pressure of the pressure chamber. 5.如权利要求2或3所述的一种基于正弦压力的动态压敏漆校准装置,其特征在于:所述变径活塞缸左侧安装有激光测振仪,通过左侧的玻璃窗口可以监测内部活塞的实时位移。5. A kind of dynamic pressure-sensitive paint calibration device based on sinusoidal pressure as claimed in claim 2 or 3, it is characterized in that: a laser vibrometer is installed on the left side of the variable diameter piston cylinder, and the glass window on the left side can Monitor the real-time displacement of the internal piston. 6.如权利要求2或3所述的一种基于正弦压力的动态压敏漆校准装置,其特征在于:所述变径活塞缸右侧与多孔转盘贴合但不连接,电机通过传动皮带连接并带动多孔转盘转动,转盘上开有圆孔用于切割气流。6. A dynamic pressure-sensitive paint calibration device based on sinusoidal pressure as claimed in claim 2 or 3, characterized in that: the right side of the variable-diameter piston cylinder is attached to but not connected to the porous turntable, and the motor is connected by a transmission belt And drive the multi-hole turntable to rotate, and the turntable has round holes for cutting airflow. 7.如权利要求2或3所述的一种基于正弦压力的动态压敏漆校准装置,其特征在于:所述喷口内部为变径结构,通过改变内径大小及形状,提高射流速度,并使其出口为正方形,正方形边长与多孔转盘上的圆孔直径一致。7. A kind of dynamic pressure-sensitive paint calibration device based on sinusoidal pressure as claimed in claim 2 or 3, characterized in that: the inside of the nozzle is a variable diameter structure, by changing the size and shape of the inner diameter, the jet velocity is increased, and the The outlet is a square, and the side length of the square is consistent with the diameter of the circular hole on the porous turntable. 8.一种基于正弦压力的动态压敏漆校准方法,基于如权利要求2或3所述的一种基于正弦压力的动态压敏漆校准装置,其特征在于:8. A dynamic pressure-sensitive paint calibration method based on sinusoidal pressure, based on a dynamic pressure-sensitive paint calibration device based on sinusoidal pressure as claimed in claim 2 or 3, characterized in that: 在校准前,根据校准频率上限选择适当的弹簧线圈和活塞,令弹簧线圈与活塞组成的二阶振荡系统的自振频率与校准频率上限接近;为保证正弦压力波形不失真,多孔轮盘要保证开孔均匀,且满足连接两开孔圆心的弧长大约为2倍的开孔直径;Before calibration, select the appropriate spring coil and piston according to the upper limit of the calibration frequency, so that the natural frequency of the second-order oscillation system composed of the spring coil and the piston is close to the upper limit of the calibration frequency; in order to ensure that the sinusoidal pressure waveform is not distorted, the porous disc must ensure The openings are uniform, and the arc length connecting the centers of the two openings is about twice the diameter of the opening; 采用电机带动转盘切割高速射流的方式产生周期型脉动气流作为压力源,同时采用变径活塞结构将高速高压气流产生的高频脉动压力转化为适用于压敏漆校准的大容积、低脉动值压力场;The motor drives the turntable to cut the high-speed jet to generate periodic pulsating airflow as a pressure source, and at the same time adopts a variable-diameter piston structure to convert the high-frequency pulsating pressure generated by the high-speed high-pressure airflow into a large volume and low pulsation pressure suitable for pressure-sensitive paint calibration. field; 通过所述预压孔进出气,调节预压室初始压力,从而改变压力室脉动压力初始值,该初始值即为脉动压力的平均值,通过调节来流喷口直径及收缩比,改变来流压力、流速,产生适用于不同工况的脉动压力值;The air enters and exits through the pre-compression hole, adjusts the initial pressure of the pre-compression chamber, thereby changing the initial value of the pulsating pressure of the pressure chamber, which is the average value of the pulsating pressure, and changing the incoming flow pressure by adjusting the diameter and contraction ratio of the incoming flow nozzle , flow rate, and generate pulsating pressure values suitable for different working conditions; 采用激光测振仪记录变径活塞位移量ΔL,根据气体状态方程,对于密闭压力容腔,PV=常数,因此根据变径活塞的位移量计算压力室压力;A laser vibrometer is used to record the displacement of the variable diameter piston ΔL. According to the gas state equation, for a closed pressure chamber, PV=constant, so the pressure of the pressure chamber is calculated according to the displacement of the variable diameter piston; 动态压敏漆校准装置试验工况包括参数:校准频率、正弦压力平均值及脉动值;The test conditions of the dynamic pressure-sensitive paint calibration device include parameters: calibration frequency, mean value of sinusoidal pressure and pulsation value; 频率:根据校准需求,通过控制电机转速,改变气流冲击频率,进而改变压力变化频率;Frequency: According to the calibration requirements, by controlling the motor speed, the airflow impact frequency is changed, thereby changing the pressure change frequency; 压力平均值:通过装置预压孔,连接压力控制器,通过调节预压室压力,改变初始压力P0,即为校准的平均压力值;Average pressure: connect the pressure controller through the pre-pressure hole of the device, and change the initial pressure P 0 by adjusting the pressure of the pre-pressure chamber, which is the calibrated average pressure value; 脉动值:压力的脉动值主要靠气源推动,因此通过调节气源压力、进气口通径可以调节脉动压力的峰峰值;Pulsation value: The pressure pulsation value is mainly driven by the air source, so the peak-to-peak value of the pulsation pressure can be adjusted by adjusting the air source pressure and the diameter of the air inlet; 由于气体状态方程PV=γRT,当环境温度不变时,压力室内的压力与压力容积成反比,即:P0V0=PtVtDue to the gas state equation PV=γRT, when the ambient temperature is constant, the pressure in the pressure chamber is inversely proportional to the pressure volume, namely: P 0 V 0 =P t V t ; 压力室的初始容积为:The initial volume of the pressure chamber is:
Figure FDA0004086326620000021
Figure FDA0004086326620000021
则压力室内的实时压力计算公式为:Then the real-time pressure calculation formula in the pressure chamber is:
Figure FDA0004086326620000022
Figure FDA0004086326620000022
其中:in: ΔL—活塞位移量;ΔL—piston displacement; Pt—压力室内实时压力;P t — real-time pressure in the pressure chamber; P0—压力室初始压力;P 0 —the initial pressure of the pressure chamber; L0—活塞初始距离;L 0 —the initial distance of the piston; D—活塞直径。D—piston diameter. 打开压敏漆光源和光电倍增管,采集压敏漆光强信号,进而得到压敏漆的测量结果;根据激光测振仪记录的活塞运动位移数据ΔL=f(t),通过计算出压力室内的压力随时间的变化,对比得出压敏漆动态特性,实现动态压敏漆校准。Turn on the pressure-sensitive paint light source and photomultiplier tube, collect the light intensity signal of the pressure-sensitive paint, and then obtain the measurement result of the pressure-sensitive paint; according to the piston movement displacement data ΔL=f(t) recorded by the laser vibrometer, calculate the The pressure changes with time, and compare the dynamic characteristics of the pressure-sensitive paint to achieve dynamic pressure-sensitive paint calibration.
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