CN116242586A - A two-phase flow experimental measurement system and measurement method of a narrow rectangular channel - Google Patents
A two-phase flow experimental measurement system and measurement method of a narrow rectangular channel Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种窄矩形通道的两相流实验测量系统及其测量方法，包括有实验装置，实验装置包括不锈钢薄片、不锈钢凸台基座、G10玻璃纤维外壳、石英玻璃和不锈钢压板；外壳上设置有镂空槽和两处容水腔，镂空槽与容水腔通过连接槽连接，两处容水腔还分别设置有进水口和出水口；不锈钢薄片、不锈钢凸台基座安装在镂空槽内；镂空槽、连接槽和石英玻璃形成窄矩形通道；石英玻璃通过不锈钢压板固定在窄矩形通道上；不锈钢薄片和不锈钢凸台基座上设置有若干测温孔。本发明通过带有不同表面特性的不锈钢薄片分别去进行在微通道中的流动沸腾换热特性实验，对比不同表面的流动沸腾换热压降数据，得出表面改性在微通道中对流动沸腾换热压降的具体影响。
The invention discloses a two-phase flow experimental measurement system with a narrow rectangular channel and a measurement method thereof. It includes an experimental device, the experimental device includes a stainless steel sheet, a stainless steel boss base, a G10 glass fiber shell, quartz glass and a stainless steel pressure plate; the shell There is a hollow groove and two water-holding chambers on the top, the hollow-out groove and the water-holding chamber are connected through the connecting groove, and the two water-holding chambers are also respectively provided with a water inlet and a water outlet; the stainless steel sheet and the stainless steel boss base are installed in the hollow groove Inside; the hollow groove, connecting groove and quartz glass form a narrow rectangular channel; the quartz glass is fixed on the narrow rectangular channel through a stainless steel pressure plate; a number of temperature measuring holes are arranged on the stainless steel sheet and the stainless steel boss base. The present invention uses stainless steel sheets with different surface characteristics to carry out the flow boiling heat transfer characteristic experiment in the microchannel respectively, compares the flow boiling heat transfer pressure drop data of different surfaces, and obtains that the surface modification has an effect on the flow boiling heat transfer in the microchannel. The specific effect of heat transfer pressure drop.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of two-phase flow measurement, in particular to a two-phase flow experimental measurement system and a measurement method of a narrow rectangular channel.
Background
With the vigorous development of microelectronic technology, electronic devices are smaller and smaller in size, higher and higher in integration level, high performance and microminiaturization jointly lead to higher and higher power of the existing electronic devices, and the micro-channels with high surface area/volume ratio greatly improve the heat dissipation capacity of the electronic devices due to efficient boiling heat exchange capacity. At present, three main ways for enhancing heat exchange aiming at micro-channels are as follows: the micro-channel structure is changed, the heat exchange surface is modified, and the flowing working medium is changed; the main purpose of the enhanced heat exchange is as follows: reducing boiling starting point, improving heat exchange coefficient, improving critical heat flow density, reducing pressure drop loss, etc. The research layer aiming at the point of heat exchange surface modification in the micro-channel shows that the surface modification generally changes the roughness, wettability, porosity and the like of the surface, so that the generation, detachment, polymerization and discharge of bubbles in the micro-channel are influenced, different bubble dynamics phenomena are caused, and finally the heat exchange pressure drop characteristic in the micro-channel is influenced, but the conclusion of different students is different, and the influence caused by the surface modification in the micro-channel is not clear from the mechanism. Therefore, in order to explore the pressure drop characteristics of different surface flow boiling heat exchange in the narrow rectangular channel, it is necessary to provide a two-phase flow experimental measurement system and a measurement method of the narrow rectangular channel.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention provides a two-phase flow experimental measurement system and a measurement method for exploring the pressure drop characteristics of different surface flow boiling heat exchange in a narrow rectangular channel.
In order to achieve the aim of the invention, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
the two-phase flow experiment measurement system with the narrow rectangular channel comprises a deionized water storage tank, wherein the deionized water storage tank is connected with a degassing type water storage tank, a water storage tank heating rod is arranged in the degassing type water storage tank, a peristaltic pump is arranged between the deionized water storage tank and the degassing type water storage tank, a filtering branch and a filtering comparison branch are connected to the water outlet side of the degassing type water storage tank, a gear pump is further connected to the filtering branch and the filtering comparison branch, a filter and a filter switch valve are arranged on the filtering branch, and an unfiltered switch valve is arranged on the filtering comparison branch; the gear pump is connected with a regulating loop and a mass flowmeter, the regulating loop is connected with the degassing type water storage tank, and the regulating loop is also provided with a regulating switch valve which is electrically connected with the gear pump; the mass flowmeter is connected with a constant-temperature preheating pot, the constant-temperature preheating pot is connected with an experimental device, and the water outlet end of the experimental device is connected with a degassing type water storage tank; the experimental device is provided with a plurality of temperature measuring points, the temperature measuring points are provided with temperature sensors, and a narrow rectangular channel and a plating layer heating surface are also arranged in the experimental device.
Further, the intelligent temperature sensor further comprises a high-speed camera, a light source, a data acquisition end and a direct-current type direct-current power supply heater, wherein the high-speed camera and the light source are arranged above the experimental device, the direct-current type power supply heater is arranged at the bottom of the experimental device, and the data acquisition end is connected with a plurality of temperature sensors.
Further, a one-way valve and a switch valve are arranged between the experimental device and the degassing type water storage tank, between the degassing type water storage tank and the filtering branch, and between the constant-temperature preheating pot and the experimental device; check valves are also arranged between the filtering branch and the gear pump, between the mass flowmeter and the constant temperature preheating pot and on the regulating loop.
Further, a preheating pot thermocouple is arranged at the water outlet end of the constant-temperature preheating pot.
Further, the experimental device comprises a stainless steel sheet, a stainless steel boss base, a G10 glass fiber shell, quartz glass and a stainless steel pressing plate; electroplating layers with different surface characteristics on the stainless steel sheet; the G10 glass fiber shell is provided with a hollow groove for installing the stainless steel sheet and two water containing cavities, the hollow groove is connected with the water containing cavities through a connecting groove, and the two water containing cavities are also respectively provided with a water inlet and a water outlet; the stainless steel sheet is fixed on the stainless steel boss base, and the stainless steel sheet and the stainless steel boss base are arranged in the hollow groove; the hollow groove, the connecting groove and the quartz glass form a narrow rectangular channel; quartz glass is fixed on the narrow rectangular channel through a stainless steel pressing plate; the side of the stainless steel sheet is provided with a plurality of upper temperature measuring point holes, and the stainless steel boss base is provided with a plurality of lower temperature measuring point holes; the shell is provided with temperature measurement corresponding holes communicated with the upper temperature measurement point holes and the lower temperature measurement point holes, and the temperature sensor is arranged in the upper temperature measurement point holes and the lower temperature measurement point holes.
Further, thermocouple mounting holes are formed in the two water containing cavities, and the two thermocouples are provided with water containing cavity thermocouples Kong Najun; the two water containing cavities are also respectively provided with a pressure gauge mounting hole and a pressure transmitter mounting hole, the pressure gauge mounting hole is provided with a pressure sensor, and the pressure transmitter mounting hole is provided with a pressure transmitter.
Further, the stainless steel boss base comprises a base and a boss, a plurality of lower temperature measuring point holes are formed in the boss, and two stud installation through holes are formed in the base and the boss; two thin sheet studs and two stud nuts are arranged at the bottom of the stainless steel thin sheet, and the stainless steel thin sheet and the stainless steel boss base are connected through the thin sheet studs and the stud nuts.
Further, a plurality of mounting through holes are correspondingly formed in the shell and the stainless steel pressing plate, and the shell and the stainless steel pressing plate are connected through a plurality of bolt pieces.
Further, three upper temperature measuring point holes are formed in the side edge of the stainless steel sheet, six lower temperature measuring point holes are formed in the stainless steel boss base, and the six lower temperature measuring point holes are divided into two rows and three columns and aligned with the three upper temperature measuring point holes.
A measuring method of a narrow rectangular channel two-phase flow experimental measuring system comprises the following steps:
s1: assembling an experimental device, installing a measuring system, connecting the experimental device into an experimental loop of the measuring system, and adjusting the measuring system; the method specifically comprises the following steps:
s11: opening a peristaltic pump to pump the high-purity deionized water in the deionized water storage tank into the degassing type water storage tank, and controlling the peristaltic pump to reversely operate to exhaust the degassing type water storage tank after the high-purity deionized water is added into the degassing type water storage tank;
s12: heating and boiling the pure deionized water for 30 minutes by using a water storage tank heating rod in the degassing water storage tank, and removing non-condensable gas in the high-purity deionized water; then closing the peristaltic pump and stopping heating by the heating rod of the water storage tank to naturally cool the high-purity deionized water;
s13: before the test starts, the high-purity deionized water circularly flows into the whole measuring system loop by controlling the on-off valve in the measuring system to open and close; closing the non-filtering switch valve and the adjusting switch valve, and opening the rest switch valves in the loop of the measuring system to finish the adjustment of the measuring system;
s2: after the measurement system is regulated, the measurement system is enabled to normally operate, and after the experimental device is watertight, a two-phase flow experiment in the narrow rectangular channel is started;
s3: setting a mass flow threshold Q of a mass flowmeter F Inlet temperature T of experimental device in The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Setting a mass flow threshold Q of the high-purity deionized water through a mass flowmeter F The inlet temperature T of the experimental device is set through the constant-temperature preheating pot in ；
S4: opening a straight cylinder type direct current power supply heater, heating the bottom of the experimental device by using the straight cylinder type direct current power supply heater, finally conducting heat to an electroplated heating surface in the experimental device through heat transfer, and heating high-purity deionized water in a narrow rectangular channel through the electroplated heating surface;
s5: straight cylinder type direct current power supply adjusted every 3 minutesHeating power of the heater and collecting data once until bubbles generated by boiling of high-purity deionized water in the experimental device occupy the whole flow channel in a countercurrent manner; and the high-speed camera is used for shooting and recording the flowing condition of the high-purity deionized water in the narrow rectangular channel through the quartz glass; the data acquisition end is matched with signal express software to acquire a plurality of temperature and pressure data on the experimental device; and collect mass flow Q using Bronkhorst software F Thereby acquiring and obtaining the characteristic data of the heating surface of the electroplated layer;
s6: and (3) replacing different electroplated layer heating surfaces on the experimental device, and repeating the steps S2-S5 to perform experiments to obtain surface characteristic data of the different electroplated layer heating surfaces.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows:
according to the invention, chromium plating is carried out on the surface of the stainless steel sheet in a manner of electroplating and anodic oxidation, chromium plating layers with different surface characteristics are formed on the surface of the stainless steel sheet in different electroplating times, the chromium plating layers with different surface characteristics are used for respectively carrying out flow boiling heat exchange characteristic experiments in the micro-channel, and specific influences of surface modification on flow boiling heat exchange pressure drop in the micro-channel are obtained by comparing flow boiling heat exchange pressure drop data of different surfaces.
The stainless steel sheet is convenient to manufacture, the cost is low, new surfaces can be repeatedly replaced, the influence of the heat exchange surface characteristics on the flowing boiling heat exchange in the micro-channel is explored, and the experimental data of different surface characteristics which can be finally compared are more due to the increase of the number of controllable surfaces, so that a mechanism of the influence of surface modification on the flowing boiling heat exchange in the micro-channel can be more accurately obtained after the experimental results are analyzed and compared.
According to the invention, a plurality of stainless steel sheets with the same size are prepared, and a plurality of chromium coating heating surfaces with different surface characteristics can be obtained by respectively carrying out electroplating and anodic oxidation processes with different degrees, and when the whole measuring system is used for carrying out experiments in cooperation with an experimental device, only the different chromium coating heating surfaces are required to be replaced, so that two-phase flow experiments with different surface flowing boiling heat exchange pressure drop characteristics in the whole narrow rectangular channel are simpler.
The two-phase flow experiment measurement system and the measurement method can be used for exploring the pressure drop characteristics of different surface flow boiling heat exchange in a narrow rectangular channel; the experimental phenomenon and the surface characteristic data are combined so as to analyze and obtain the specific influence of the surface modification on the pressure drop of the mobile boiling heat exchange in the narrow rectangular channel.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a measurement system according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the overall outline structure of the experimental apparatus of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a right side view of the experimental set-up of the invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the measuring system of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of the outline structure of a stainless steel sheet;
FIG. 6 is a schematic view of the outline structure of a stainless steel boss base;
FIG. 7 is a schematic view of a part of the external structure of the experimental device of the invention;
FIG. 8 is a schematic view of the external configuration of the housing;
FIG. 9 is a schematic illustration of a hot and cold flow front cross section corresponding to the center 9 temperature measurement points;
FIG. 10 is a raw data plot of the inlet and outlet water temperatures for a chrome plated stainless steel sheet, a stainless steel boss base;
FIG. 11 is a graph of variation of 9 temperature measurement points and inlet and outlet water temperature with average effective heat flow;
FIG. 12 is a supercooling boiling graph of three temperature measurement points and average effective heat flow on a stainless steel sheet;
FIG. 13 is a graph showing the local heat exchange coefficient of the left, middle and right three positions as a function of local heat flow;
FIG. 14 is a graph of average heat exchange coefficient as a function of average effective heat flow;
FIG. 15 is a graph showing the fluctuation of the differential pressure smoothing signal within 30s when the reverse flow periodic fluctuation occurs;
FIG. 16 is a spectrum diagram of a periodically fluctuating pressure difference smoothed signal after FFT signal processing;
FIG. 17 is a graph showing the mass flow rate within 60s when the reverse flow periodic fluctuations occur;
FIG. 18 is a graph of a spectrum obtained by FFT signal processing of periodically fluctuating mass flow data
The main component symbols in the drawings are described as follows:
1. stainless steel sheet; 11. sheet stud; 12. a stud nut; 13. a temperature measuring point hole is formed;
2. stainless steel boss base; 21. a substrate; 22. a boss; 23. a lower temperature measuring point hole; 24. a stud mounting through hole;
3. a housing; 31. mounting through holes; 32. a water inlet; 33. a water outlet; 34. a thermocouple mounting hole; 35. a pressure gauge mounting hole; 36. a pressure transmitter mounting hole; 37. measuring the temperature of the corresponding hole; 38. a hollow groove; 39. a connecting groove; 30. a water containing cavity;
4. quartz glass; 5. a stainless steel pressure plate; 6. a connecting bolt; 7. a connecting nut;
81. a high-speed camera; 82. a light source; 83. an experimental device; 84. a constant temperature preheating pot; 85. a mass flowmeter; 86. a deionized water storage tank; 87. a gear pump; 88. a filter; 89. degassing type water storage tank; 810. a peristaltic pump; 811. a DC power supply heater; 812. a data acquisition end; 813. straight cylinder type DC power supply heater; 814. a heating rod of the water storage tank.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present invention is provided to facilitate understanding of the present invention by those skilled in the art, but it should be understood that the present invention is not limited to the scope of the embodiments, and all the inventions which make use of the inventive concept are protected by the spirit and scope of the present invention as defined and defined in the appended claims to those skilled in the art.
As shown in fig. 1, the two-phase flow experimental measurement system with the narrow rectangular channel comprises a deionized water storage tank 86, the deionized water storage tank 86 is connected with a degassing type water storage tank 89, a water storage tank heating rod 814 is arranged inside the degassing type water storage tank 89, a peristaltic pump 810 is arranged between the deionized water storage tank 86 and the degassing type water storage tank 89, a filtering branch and a filtering comparison branch are connected on the water outlet side of the degassing type water storage tank 89, the filtering branch and the filtering comparison branch are further connected with a gear pump 87, a filter 88 and a filter switch valve are arranged on the filtering branch, and an non-filtering switch valve is arranged on the filtering comparison branch. The gear pump 87 is connected with a regulating circuit and a mass flowmeter 85, the regulating circuit is connected with a degassing type water storage tank 89, and a regulating switch valve is further arranged on the regulating circuit and is electrically connected with the gear pump 87. The mass flowmeter 85 is connected with a constant temperature preheating pot 84, the constant temperature preheating pot 84 is connected with an experimental device 83, and the water outlet end of the experimental device 83 is connected with a degassing type water storage tank 89; the experimental device 83 is provided with a plurality of temperature measuring points, the temperature measuring points are provided with temperature sensors, and a narrow rectangular channel and a chromium coating heating surface are also arranged in the experimental device 83.
The measuring system further comprises a high-speed camera 81, a light source 82, a data acquisition end 812 and a direct-current power supply heater 811, wherein the high-speed camera 81 and the light source 82 are arranged above the experimental device 83, the direct-current power supply heater 811 is arranged at the bottom of the experimental device 83, and the data acquisition end 812 is connected with a thermocouple on the experimental device 83.
Check valves and switch valves are arranged between the experimental device 83 and the degassing type water storage tank 89, between the degassing type water storage tank 89 and the filtering branch, and between the constant temperature preheating pot 84 and the experimental device 83; check valves are also provided between the filtration branch and the gear pump 87, between the mass flowmeter 85 and the thermostatic preheating pot 84, and on the regulating circuit. The outlet end of the constant temperature preheating pot 84 is provided with a preheating pot thermocouple for measuring the water temperature of the high purity deionized water before entering the experimental device 83.
As shown in fig. 2, 3 and 4, the two-phase flow experimental device with the narrow rectangular channel comprises a stainless steel sheet 1, a stainless steel boss base 2, a shell 3, quartz glass 4 and a stainless steel pressing plate 5, wherein the stainless steel sheet 1 is fixedly attached to the stainless steel boss base 2, the quartz glass 4 is fixed on the top of the shell 3, and the quartz glass is fixed on the shell 3 through the stainless steel pressing plate 5, a connecting bolt 6 and a connecting nut 7. Wherein, the stainless steel sheet 1 is provided with a chromium coating, and different stainless steel sheets 1 are provided with different chromium coatings, so that the pressure drop characteristics of different surface flow boiling heat exchange are explored. The shell 3 is provided with a hollowed-out groove 38 for installing the stainless steel sheet 1 and two water containing cavities 30, the hollowed-out groove 38 is connected with the water containing cavities 30 through a connecting groove 39, and the two water containing cavities 30 are also respectively provided with a water inlet 32 and a water outlet 11. The stainless steel sheet 1 is fixed on the stainless steel boss base 2, and the stainless steel sheet 1 and the stainless steel boss base 2 are arranged in the hollow groove 38; the quartz glass 4 is fixed on the narrow rectangular channel by a stainless steel press plate 5. As shown in fig. 3, the hollowed-out groove 38, the connection groove 39 and the quartz glass form a narrow rectangular channel required for the experiment. The length of the narrow rectangular channel heating portion was 60mm, the width was 10mm, and the height was 1mm.
As shown in fig. 5, the stainless steel sheet 1 comprises two sheet studs 11 and two stud nuts 12 arranged at the bottom of the stainless steel sheet 1. The length of the stainless steel sheet 1 is 60mm, the width is 10mm, the height is 3mm, 3 upper temperature measuring point holes 13 with the diameter of 1mm are formed in the side face of the stainless steel sheet 1, the hole depth is 5mm, the upper temperature measuring point holes 13 are used for installing temperature sensors, the temperature sensors are preferably thermocouples, the 3 upper temperature measuring point holes 13 are located at the same height, the hole center is 1mm away from the upper surface, and the measured temperature can be approximately equal to the surface temperature of the corresponding vertical position of the stainless steel sheet 1. The distance between the three upper temperature measuring point holes 13 is 10mm, and the distance between the upper temperature measuring point holes 13 on the left side and the right side is 20mm respectively from the two ends of the stainless steel sheet. Two thin sheet studs 11 are arranged at the bottom of the stainless steel thin sheet 1, stud nuts 12 are arranged on the thin sheet studs 11, and the stainless steel thin sheet 1 is connected with the stainless steel boss base 2 through the thin sheet studs 11 and the stud nuts 12.
As shown in fig. 6, the stainless steel boss substrate 2 comprises a base 21 and a boss 22, a plurality of lower temperature measuring point holes 23 are formed in the boss 22, and two stud mounting through holes 24 which are communicated are formed in the base 21 and the boss 22; the stainless steel boss substrate 2 is used for heat conduction and converting local heat flow. The length of the substrate 21 is 60mm, the width is 30mm, the height is 4mm, the boss height is 7mm, the upper surface of the boss 22 is the same as the stainless steel sheet in size, 6 lower temperature measuring holes 23 with the thickness of 1mm are formed in the side face of the boss 22, the hole depth is 5mm, the left-right transverse distance between the lower temperature measuring point holes 23 is 10mm, the upper-lower distance is 4mm, and the hole center of the upper-most row of lower temperature measuring point holes 23 is 2mm away from the boss surface; the lower temperature measurement point hole 23 is used for mounting a temperature sensor, preferably a thermocouple. The boss 22 has 2 stud mounting holes 24 of 6mm diameter for penetration of the sheet stud 11. The stainless steel sheet 1 and the stainless steel boss base 2 form the experimental section body by fastening under the boss 22 by the stud nut 12, as shown in fig. 7. When experiments on different surfaces are needed, only the stainless steel sheet 1 with different surface characteristics is needed to be replaced, so that the cost is saved, and meanwhile, the damage to an experiment section body is small.
As shown in fig. 8, the housing 3 serves to keep warm and form a narrow rectangular channel as required for the experiment. The material of the shell 3 is preferably G10 glass fiber, the length of the shell 3 is 120mm, the width is 60mm, and the height is 15mm; the upper surface of shell 3 has 8 vertical through-holes 31 that run through, and the diameter of installation through-hole 31 is 6mm for cooperation connecting bolt 6, coupling nut 7 fasten quartz glass 4. The left and right sides are respectively provided with 1 threaded hole of 6mm, one is a water inlet 32 and a water outlet 33. The front side of the 6mm threaded hole is provided with two thermocouple mounting holes 34, and the two thermocouple mounting holes 34 are provided with water cavity thermocouples for measuring inlet and outlet water temperatures. The front side is provided with a pressure gauge mounting hole 35 and a pressure transmitter mounting hole 36, the pressure gauge mounting hole 35 is provided with a pressure sensor, and the pressure transmitter mounting hole 26 is provided with a pressure transmitter. The pressure gauge mounting hole 35 is used for measuring inlet and outlet pressure, and the pressure transmitter mounting hole 36 is used for measuring inlet and outlet pressure difference; thermocouple mounting hole 34, pressure gauge mounting hole 35 and pressure transmitter mounting hole 36 are all 6mm threaded holes. 9 temperature measurement corresponding holes 37 with the diameter of 1mm are formed in the front side surface of the shell 3 and are used for installing thermocouples, and the positions of the temperature measurement corresponding holes 37 correspond to the temperature measurement hole positions on the experimental section body; the 9 straight temperature measurement corresponding holes 37 are 3 rows and 3 columns, the first row of temperature measurement corresponding holes 37 are 2mm away from the upper surface of the shell, the distance between each row of temperature measurement corresponding holes 37 is 4mm, and the last row of temperature measurement corresponding holes 37 are 5mm away from the bottom surface of the shell 3. The length of the hollow groove 38 is 60mm, the width is 10mm, the two water containing cavities 30 are three-dimensional, and the length, width and height are 10mm. The measured data of the whole experiment are the temperature of 9 temperature measuring holes, the water temperature of the water inlet 32, the water temperature of the outlet 33, the pressure of the water inlet 33 and the pressure difference after passing through the experimental device 83.
The experimental method of the two-phase flow experimental measurement system comprises the following steps:
s1: assembling an experimental device 83, installing a measuring system, connecting the experimental device 83 into an experimental loop of the measuring system, and adjusting the measuring system; the method specifically comprises the following steps:
s11: opening the peristaltic pump 810 to pump the high-purity deionized water in the deionized water storage tank 86 into the degassing type water storage tank 89, and controlling the peristaltic pump 810 to reversely operate to exhaust the degassing type water storage tank 89 after the high-purity deionized water is added into the degassing type water storage tank 89;
s12: heating and boiling the purified deionized water for 30 minutes by using a water storage tank heating rod 814 in the degassing water storage tank 89, and removing non-condensable gas in the high-purity deionized water; then the peristaltic pump 810 is turned off and the heating of the water storage tank heating rod 814 is stopped, so that the high-purity deionized water is naturally cooled;
s13: before the test starts, the high-purity deionized water circularly flows into the whole measuring system loop by controlling the on-off valve in the measuring system to open and close; closing the non-filtering switch valve and the adjusting switch valve, and opening the rest switch valves in the loop of the measuring system to finish the adjustment of the measuring system;
the specific flowing process of the high-purity deionized water is that after the high-purity deionized water flows out from the deaeration type water storage tank 89, the high-purity deionized water firstly flows through the filter 88 to remove air, then flows to the experimental device 83 under the action of the gear pump 87, and passes through the mass flowmeter 85 and the constant-temperature preheating pot 84 in the middle; wherein the mass flowmeter 85 and the gear pump 87 together control the magnitude of the mass flow rate when the actual flow value Q flowing through the mass flowmeter 85 S Greater than the mass flow threshold Q set by the system F When the mass flowmeter 85 negatively feeds back a signal to the gear pump 87, the regulating switch valve of the regulating branch of the gear pump 87 is opened, so that a part of high-purity deionized water flows back to the degassing type water storage tank 89 from the regulating branch, the mass flowmeter 85 controls the flow of the high-purity deionized water flowing into the experimental device 83, the high-purity deionized water flows out of the mass flowmeter 85 and flows into the constant-temperature oil bath 84, a spiral heating pipeline in the constant-temperature oil bath 84 heats the flowing high-purity deionized water, and an oil bath is arranged at an outlet pipeline of the constant-temperature oil bath 84A pan thermocouple for measuring the outlet temperature H of the constant temperature oil bath pan 84 out I.e. inlet temperature T of experimental set-up 83 in ；
S2: the measurement system is regulated to normally operate, and after the experimental device 83 is watertight, an internal two-phase flow experiment of the narrow rectangular channel is started;
s3: setting a mass flow threshold Q of the mass flowmeter 85 F The inlet temperature T of the experimental device 83 is set in The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Setting a mass flow threshold Q of the high-purity deionized water through a mass flowmeter 85 F The inlet temperature T of the experimental device 83 is set by the constant temperature preheating pot 84 in ；
S4: the direct-cylinder type direct-current power supply heater 813 is turned on, the bottom of the experimental device 83 is heated by the direct-cylinder type direct-current power supply heater 813, heat is finally conducted to a chromium coating heating surface in the experimental device 83 through heat transfer, and high-purity deionized water in the narrow rectangular channel is heated through the chromium coating heating surface; after the heat is taken away by the high-purity deionized water in the narrow rectangular channel on the experimental device 83, the temperature of the high-purity deionized water continuously rises, phase change occurs to generate steam, and the high-purity deionized water mixed with the steam and the water flows back to the degassing type water storage tank 815 for cooling;
s5: the heating power of the straight cylinder type direct current power supply heater 813 is adjusted every 3 minutes, and data are collected once until the high-purity deionized water in the experimental device 83 is burnt out; and the flow condition of the high-purity deionized water in the narrow rectangular channel is shot and recorded by utilizing the high-speed camera 81 through the quartz glass 4; the data acquisition end 812 is used for acquiring a plurality of temperature and pressure data on the experimental device 83 in combination with signal express software, and the Bronkhorst software is used for acquiring the mass flow Q F Thereby acquiring characteristic data of the heating surface of the chromium coating;
s6: and (3) replacing different chromium coating heating surfaces on the experimental device 83, and repeating the steps S2-S5 to perform experiments to obtain surface characteristic data of the different chromium coating heating surfaces.
As shown in FIG. 9, the dashed arrows in FIG. 9 represent the cold flow direction and the implementing arrows represent the hot flow direction, which are the positional relationship between the 9 temperature measuring points in the center of the experimental section and the cold flow and the hot flow. Wherein the uppermost row of temperature measuring points represents the temperature of the wall surface of the heating surface of the stainless steel sheet 1, the left middle and right in the following diagram represent the first row, the second row and the third row which are formed by corresponding vertical three thermocouple holes in the diagram respectively, the upper middle and lower represent the first row, the second row and the third row which are formed by horizontal three thermocouple holes in the diagram respectively, for example, the upper left represents the leftmost thermocouple hole in the first row, the middle thermocouple hole in the first row is represented in the same way, and the like.
As shown in fig. 10, in the experimental data of the bare stainless steel sheet, the blue area data represents single-phase flow, the green area data represents boiling near the outlet of the flow channel, the yellow area data represents boiling at the central temperature measuring point, and the orange area data represents countercurrent phenomenon at the outlet of the flow channel.
As shown in 11, the first dotted line in the graph represents that the outlet position of the flow channel starts boiling under the corresponding effective heat flow, the second dotted line in the graph represents that the central area of the flow channel starts boiling under the corresponding effective heat flow, and the third dotted line in the graph represents that the countercurrent phenomenon starts to occur in the flow channel under the corresponding heat flow, which is the data of the surface of the chromium coating, and different data graphs are obtained by performing experiments on different surfaces and comparing the data to obtain the influence of surface modification on the flow boiling of the whole flow channel.
The effective heat flow in single phase is calculated according to the difference value of the enthalpy of the inlet and outlet water temperatures, and the effective heat flow in two phases is approximately equal to the heating power multiplied by the proportionality coefficient when boiling happens;
average heat exchange coefficient h w The calculation formula of (2) is as follows:
q is the effective heat flux density;
is the average temperature of the flake;
The average temperature of the water flow in the whole heating section; t is t in Is the water flow inlet temperature; t is t out Is the water outlet temperature; c (C) p,m The constant pressure specific heat capacity of water; m is mass flow; a is the area of a heating section; t (T) w,i The temperature of three thermocouples on the stainless steel sheet 1;
as shown in fig. 12, the relationship between the temperatures at the left, middle and right 3 positions on the sheet and the effective heat flow of the wall surface is shown, the lowest dotted line represents that the heat flow corresponding to the dotted line is single-phase, the heat flow in the middle area of the two dotted lines is the non-boiling heat flow in the central area of the flow channel, but the boiling heat flow in the outlet area is started, and the uppermost dotted line represents that the heat flow corresponding to the dotted line is also started to be boiled in the central area of the flow channel. The upper left represents the first row left thermocouple position in fig. 9, the upper middle represents the first row middle thermocouple position, and the upper right represents the first row right thermocouple position.
As shown in fig. 13, which is a schematic diagram showing the local heat exchange coefficient as a function of the local heat flow, the upper left, upper middle, upper right in the previous paragraph is described, and the local heat exchange coefficient is calculated according to the following formula:
q i calculating the local heat flow by using a Fourier heat conduction law; t (T) f,i To correspond to the temperature of the water flow cross section above the temperature measuring hole of the stainless steel sheet 1, the water temperature of the inlet and the outlet is added according to the weight when in single phaseThe length of the hot runner is linearly interpolated, and the saturated temperature under the atmospheric pressure is selected during boiling; h is a l,i Is a local heat exchange coefficient;
when periodic flow boiling occurs, bubbles in the whole experimental section are generated, separated, polymerized and polymerized into large bubbles, and the flow channel is blocked, so that the bubbles are pushed out of the flow channel when flow impact force is accumulated to be larger than the bubble pressure, the flow channel is wetted again, and then the next periodic activity is performed.
Fig. 14 is a schematic diagram showing the variation of the average heat exchange coefficient with the average heat flux density, and the calculation method is described above.
As shown in fig. 15, a graph of the pressure difference signal with time when periodic flow boiling occurs in the flow channel can be used to analyze the influence of different surfaces on the flow boiling heat exchange in the micro-channel by comparing the time-dependent graph of the pressure difference signal of different surfaces and combining the phenomenon.
As shown in fig. 16, a spectrum diagram obtained by subjecting the differential pressure smoothing signal to FFT signal processing is obtained, and the periodic fluctuation frequency is obtained from the spectrum diagram, so that the boiling fluctuation period of one flow passage is calculated to be 5.99s.
As shown in fig. 17, in order to show the fluctuation of the mass flow rate within 60s when the periodic flow boiling occurs, the red curve in the figure shows that the large bubbles occupy the flow passage for a long period of time without being discharged from the flow passage and therefore without periodic fluctuation.
As shown in fig. 18, the time from the maximum position of the bubble backflow to the center of the flow channel is about 5.45s in combination with the actual phenomenon, which is the spectrum obtained by processing the mass flow rate fluctuation map with the FFT signal.
In summary, the invention can be used for conveniently exploring the influence of surface modification on the flow boiling heat exchange in the microchannel. And analyzing the bubble phenomenon of the flow boiling of different surfaces in the narrow rectangular channel by combining the data and the phenomenon, and summing up the influence rules of the flow boiling of different surfaces on the bubbles, so as to finally obtain the influence rules of the different surfaces on the single-phase heat exchange coefficient, the ONB and the two-phase heat exchange coefficient in the narrow rectangular channel.
Claims (10)
1. The two-phase flow experiment measurement system with the narrow rectangular channel is characterized by comprising a deionized water storage tank (86), wherein the deionized water storage tank (86) is connected with a degassing type water storage tank (89), a water storage tank heating rod (814) is arranged inside the degassing type water storage tank (89), a peristaltic pump (810) is arranged between the deionized water storage tank (86) and the degassing type water storage tank (89), a filtering branch and a filtering comparison branch are connected on the water outlet side of the degassing type water storage tank (89), a gear pump (87) is further connected with the filtering branch and the filtering comparison branch, a filter (88) and a filter switching valve are arranged on the filtering branch, and an non-filtering switching valve is arranged on the filtering comparison branch; the gear pump (87) is connected with a regulating loop and a mass flowmeter (85), the regulating loop is connected with the degassing type water storage tank (89), and is also provided with a regulating switch valve which is electrically connected with the gear pump (87); the mass flowmeter (85) is connected with the constant temperature preheating pot (84), the constant temperature preheating pot (84) is connected with the experimental device (83), and the water outlet end of the experimental device (83) is connected with the degassing type water storage tank (89); the experimental device (83) is provided with a plurality of temperature measuring points, the temperature measuring points are provided with temperature sensors, and a narrow rectangular channel and a heating surface after stainless steel surface modification are further arranged in the experimental device (83).
2. The narrow rectangular channel two-phase flow experimental measurement system according to claim 1, further comprising a high-speed camera (81), a light source (82), a data acquisition end (812) and a direct current power supply heater (811), wherein the high-speed camera (81) and the light source (82) are installed above the experimental device (83), the direct current power supply heater (811) is installed at the bottom of the experimental device (83), and the data acquisition end (812) is connected with a plurality of temperature sensors.
3. The narrow rectangular channel two-phase flow experimental measurement system according to claim 1, characterized in that a one-way valve and a switch valve are arranged between the experimental device (83) and the deaeration type water storage tank (89), between the deaeration type water storage tank (89) and the filtering branch, and between the constant temperature preheating pot (84) and the experimental device (83); check valves are also provided between the filter branch and the gear pump (87), between the mass flowmeter (85) and the constant temperature preheating pot (84) and on the regulating circuit.
4. The narrow rectangular channel two-phase flow experimental measurement system of claim 1, wherein the water outlet end of the constant temperature preheating pan (84) is provided with a preheating pan thermocouple.
5. The narrow rectangular channel two-phase flow experimental measurement system of claim 1, wherein the experimental device (83) comprises a stainless steel sheet (1), a stainless steel boss base (2), a G10 glass fiber shell (3), quartz glass (4) and a stainless steel pressure plate (5); the stainless steel sheet (1) is electroplated with chromium coatings with different characteristics;
the G10 glass fiber shell (3) is provided with a hollowed-out groove (38) for installing the stainless steel sheet (1) and two water containing cavities (30), the hollowed-out groove (38) is connected with the water containing cavities (30) through a connecting groove (39), and the two water containing cavities (30) are also respectively provided with a water inlet (32) and a water outlet (11);
the stainless steel sheet (1) is fixed on the stainless steel boss base (2), and the stainless steel sheet (1) and the stainless steel boss base (2) are installed in the hollow groove (38); the hollowed-out groove (38), the connecting groove (39) and the quartz glass (4) form a narrow rectangular channel; the quartz glass (4) is fixed on the narrow rectangular channel through a stainless steel pressing plate (5);
a plurality of upper temperature measuring point holes (13) are formed in the side edge of the stainless steel sheet (1), and a plurality of lower temperature measuring point holes (23) are formed in the stainless steel boss base (2); the shell (3) is provided with a temperature measurement corresponding hole (37) communicated with the upper temperature measurement point hole (13) and the lower temperature measurement point hole (23), and the temperature sensor is arranged in the upper temperature measurement point hole (13) and the lower temperature measurement point hole (23).
6. The narrow rectangular channel two-phase flow experimental measurement system according to claim 5, wherein thermocouple mounting holes (34) are arranged on the two water containing cavities (30), and water containing cavity thermocouples are arranged in the two thermocouple mounting holes (34); the two water containing cavities (30) are further provided with pressure gauge mounting holes (35) and pressure transmitter mounting holes (36) respectively, pressure sensors are mounted in the pressure gauge mounting holes (35), and pressure transmitters are mounted in the pressure transmitter mounting holes (26).
7. The narrow rectangular channel two-phase flow experimental measurement system according to claim 5, wherein the stainless steel boss base (2) comprises a base (21) and a boss (22), a plurality of lower temperature measuring point holes (23) are formed in the boss (22), and two stud mounting through holes (24) which are communicated are formed in the base (21) and the boss (22); two sheet studs (11) and two stud nuts (12) are arranged at the bottom of the stainless steel sheet (1), and the stainless steel sheet (1) is connected with the stainless steel boss base (2) through the sheet studs (11) and the stud nuts (12).
8. The narrow rectangular channel two-phase flow experimental measurement system according to claim 5, wherein a plurality of mounting through holes (31) are correspondingly arranged on the shell (3) and the stainless steel pressing plate (5), and the shell (3) and the stainless steel pressing plate (5) are connected through a plurality of bolt pieces.
9. The narrow rectangular channel two-phase flow experimental measurement system according to claim 5, wherein three upper temperature measurement point holes (13) are formed in the side edge of the stainless steel sheet (1), six lower temperature measurement point holes (23) are formed in the stainless steel boss base (2), and the six lower temperature measurement point holes (23) are divided into two rows and three columns and aligned with the three upper temperature measurement point holes (13).
10. A measurement method using the narrow rectangular channel two-phase flow experimental measurement system according to any one of claims 1-9, comprising the steps of:
s1: assembling an experimental device (83), installing a measuring system, and connecting the experimental device (83) into an experimental loop of the measuring system to adjust the measuring system; the method specifically comprises the following steps:
s11: opening a peristaltic pump (810) to pump high-purity deionized water in a deionized water storage tank (86) into a degassing type water storage tank (89), and controlling the peristaltic pump (810) to reversely operate to exhaust the degassing type water storage tank (89) after the high-purity deionized water is added into the degassing type water storage tank (89);
s12: heating and boiling the pure deionized water for 30 minutes by using a water storage tank heating rod (814) in a degassing water storage tank (89), and removing non-condensable gas in the high-purity deionized water; then the peristaltic pump (810) is closed, and the heating of the water storage tank heating rod (814) is stopped, so that the high-purity deionized water is naturally cooled;
s13: before the test starts, the high-purity deionized water circularly flows into the whole measuring system loop by controlling the on-off valve in the measuring system to open and close; closing the non-filtering switch valve and the adjusting switch valve, and opening the rest switch valves in the loop of the measuring system to finish the adjustment of the measuring system;
s2: after the measuring system is regulated, the measuring system is enabled to normally operate, and after the experimental device (83) is free from water leakage, an internal two-phase flow experiment of a narrow rectangular channel is started;
s3: setting a mass flow threshold Q of a mass flowmeter (85) F Inlet temperature T of experimental device (83) in A mass flow threshold value of the high-purity deionized water is set to be Q through a mass flowmeter (85) F The inlet temperature of the experimental device (83) is set to be T through the constant-temperature preheating pot (84) in ；
S4: the method comprises the steps of opening a straight cylinder type direct current power supply heater (813), heating the bottom of an experimental device (83) by using the straight cylinder type direct current power supply heater (813), and finally conducting heat to a heating surface after surface electroplating in the experimental device (83) through heat transfer, and heating high-purity deionized water in a narrow rectangular channel through the heating surface;
s5: heating power of the straight cylinder type direct current power supply heater (813) is adjusted once every 3 minutes, and data are collected once until the high-purity deionized water in the experimental device (83) is occupied by bubbles generated by boiling in a countercurrent manner; and a high-speed camera (81) is utilized to shoot and record the flow condition of the high-purity deionized water in the narrow rectangular channel through the quartz glass (4);
a data acquisition end (812) is matched with signal express software to acquire a plurality of temperature and pressure data on the experimental device (83); and collect mass flow Q using Bronkhorst software F Thereby acquiring characteristic data of the electroplating heating surface;
s6: and (3) replacing different electroplating heating surfaces on the experimental device (83), and repeating the steps S2-S5 to perform experiments to obtain surface characteristic data of the different electroplating heating surfaces.
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| CN119915865A (en) * | 2025-04-07 | 2025-05-02 | 领奥(天津)科学技术应用研究有限公司 | Visualization test device for flow boiling in microchannels |
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