CN117065546B - Application of industrial ammonia water and carbon dioxide storage method - Google Patents

Application of industrial ammonia water and carbon dioxide storage method Download PDF

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CN117065546B
CN117065546B CN202310991046.3A CN202310991046A CN117065546B CN 117065546 B CN117065546 B CN 117065546B CN 202310991046 A CN202310991046 A CN 202310991046A CN 117065546 B CN117065546 B CN 117065546B
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carbon dioxide
pressure
ammonia water
injection
geological
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CN117065546A (en
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陈文滨
师少桓
王硕亮
李言言
蔡晨婧
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Shandong Zhongdi Yicai Petroleum Technology Co ltd
China University of Geosciences Beijing
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Shandong Zhongdi Yicai Petroleum Technology Co ltd
China University of Geosciences Beijing
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
    • B01D53/74—General processes for purification of waste gases; Apparatus or devices specially adapted therefor
    • B01D53/77—Liquid phase processes
    • B01D53/78—Liquid phase processes with gas-liquid contact
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
    • B01D53/46—Removing components of defined structure
    • B01D53/62—Carbon oxides
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65G—TRANSPORT OR STORAGE DEVICES, e.g. CONVEYORS FOR LOADING OR TIPPING, SHOP CONVEYOR SYSTEMS OR PNEUMATIC TUBE CONVEYORS
    • B65G5/00—Storing fluids in natural or artificial cavities or chambers in the earth
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2251/00—Reactants
    • B01D2251/20—Reductants
    • B01D2251/206—Ammonium compounds
    • B01D2251/2062—Ammonia
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2258/00—Sources of waste gases
    • B01D2258/02—Other waste gases
    • B01D2258/0283—Flue gases

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Abstract

The invention provides an application of industrial ammonia water and a carbon dioxide burying method, wherein the industrial ammonia water is injected into a stratum, stratum fluid is modified to increase the burying amount of carbon dioxide, the concrete burying method is provided, the method comprises the steps of selecting a geological sealing place, forming an injection well communicated with a geological sealing layer, injecting the industrial ammonia water into the geological sealing layer through the injection well by pressure injection equipment, enabling the concentration of the industrial ammonia water and stratum fluid after mixing to reach a specified range, changing the property of stratum fluid, injecting the carbon dioxide into the geological sealing layer through the injection well by pressure injection equipment, adjusting the injection pressure and the injection amount based on a pressure monitoring feedback curve, controlling the bottom hole pressure, and finally completing the carbon dioxide sealing process. The invention can increase the absorption capacity of stratum fluid to carbon dioxide by 3-5 times by using industrial ammonia water and related processes for geological storage layers meeting the conditions, improves the storage efficiency and solves the balance problem of the carbon dioxide storage space and the storage capacity.

Description

Application of industrial ammonia water and carbon dioxide burying method
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of carbon dioxide burying, and particularly relates to application of industrial ammonia water and a carbon dioxide burying method.
Background
In the field of CCUS trapping, the carbon dioxide is usually trapped by industrial ammonia from waste gas discharged from factories, and the principle and the process are mature, but the prior art does not mention that the industrial ammonia is used for carbon dioxide sequestration.
The main sealing places comprise a deep salty water layer, a depleted oil and gas reservoir, a deep non-acquirable coal bed and the like, and the existing carbon dioxide sealing method is mainly based on the original condition of stratum fluid, so that the sealing efficiency is low.
When a plurality of carbon dioxide embedding projects are being developed in China, even though the largest sealing project of China is the China Shenhua CO 2 geological sealing project, the accumulated CO 2 injection amount is only 30 ten thousand tons, and the CO 2 emission reduction target of 10 9 t per year is equal to more than 3000 embedding scales of the project. Technical methods capable of improving the carbon dioxide storage capacity in a limited space are being explored at home and abroad.
The existing method for strengthening and embedding carbon dioxide is less, and mainly comprises a CO 2 multilayer collaborative pumping and injection technology, external electric field enhanced CO 2 geological storage and microorganism enhanced CO 2 sealing and storing. Table 1 shows the respective carbon dioxide enhanced sequestration methods.
TABLE 1 parameters related to carbon dioxide enhanced sequestration methods
As can be seen from Table 1, the above-mentioned various carbon dioxide enhanced sequestration methods can increase the CO 2 injection amount and have a certain enhanced sequestration effect. However, in the CO 2 multilayer collaborative pumping and injecting method, for sealing and storing a carbon dioxide salty water layer, a production well is required to be drilled for producing salty water and the cost is high, and CO 2 is buried in a reservoir space after salty water is discharged in a molecular state, CO 2 in the molecular state is extremely easy to flow, and the risk of leakage of CO 2 is increased. In the external electric field enhanced CO 2 geological storage method, the geological storage of CO 2 is usually below the ground surface of 800m, so that the magnetic field is accurately vertical to the CO 2 storage layer, and the expected magnetic field strength can be achieved, which is a difficulty in practical application. In the microorganism reinforced CO 2 sealing method, the underground microorganism has higher culture cost and higher survival difficulty, and under the action of microorganisms, the CO 2 sealing quantity can be increased by one fifth, and the reinforced sealing effect is general.
Therefore, the current carbon dioxide strengthening and burying method has great implementation difficulty in the technical aspect, almost all water bodies in the carbon dioxide sealing layer need to be treated, burying cost is increased, and a proper method for strengthening and burying carbon dioxide by using compatible water bodies is lacked.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides an application of industrial ammonia water and a carbon dioxide burying method, which are used for solving the problem that the existing burying method lacks of water body strengthening carbon dioxide sealing in a compatible sealing layer.
In a first aspect of the invention, there is provided the use of industrial aqueous ammonia to inject industrial aqueous ammonia into a formation fluid to enhance carbon dioxide sequestration.
Further, a high water-bearing layer or a deep salty water layer is selected as a geological storage layer, an upper cover layer of the geological storage layer is various rock strata, and formation fluid in the geological storage layer is combined to strengthen carbon dioxide storage based on industrial ammonia water.
Further, the carbon dioxide is in a supercritical state, and the absorption or blocking of the carbon dioxide is realized based on whether the temperature and the pressure of a reaction site of the carbon dioxide and the industrial ammonia water exceed the critical temperature and the pressure of the carbon dioxide.
In a second aspect of the present invention, there is also provided a carbon dioxide sequestration method comprising the steps of:
Step 100, selecting a geological storage site, and forming an injection well on the geological storage site until reaching a geological storage layer;
step 200, injecting industrial ammonia water into the geological storage layer through the injection well by pressure injection equipment, so that the concentration of the industrial ammonia water and the stratum fluid after mixing reaches a specified range, and changing the property of the stratum fluid;
and 300, injecting carbon dioxide into the geological storage layer through the injection well again by using pressure injection equipment, and adjusting the injection pressure and the injection quantity based on a pressure monitoring feedback curve when the carbon dioxide is injected until the bottom hole pressure is stable so as to complete the whole storage process.
Further, the concentration of the fluid after the industrial ammonia water and the formation fluid are mixed is 4% -8%, and after the industrial ammonia water injection is completed, the industrial ammonia water left at the shaft and the bottom of the well is flushed by a small amount of water.
Further, in step 300, carbon dioxide is always in a continuous injection state when carbon dioxide is injected through the pressure injection device.
Further, in the carbon dioxide injection process, the temperature and the pressure of the geological storage layer are higher than the critical temperature and the critical pressure of the carbon dioxide, so that the injected carbon dioxide is in a supercritical state;
wherein, the carbon dioxide in the supercritical state and the industrial ammonia water are subjected to chemical reaction, and the specific reaction is as follows:
and the ratio of the reactant industrial ammonia water to the carbon dioxide to the resultant ammonium bicarbonate is 1:1:1.
Further, the geological storage layer is a high-water-bearing layer or a deep salty water layer, and an upper covering layer of the geological storage layer is various rock strata;
Wherein the temperature of the geological storage layer is a high-temperature and high-pressure environment with the temperature of more than 60 ℃.
Further, after the carbon dioxide is injected into the geological storage layer through an injection well, a concentration gradient is formed around the injection well from near to far, and a diffusion zone is formed from near to far under the action of injection pressure;
Wherein:
The carbon dioxide reacts with the industrial ammonia water to form sodium bicarbonate solution after injection, in the process of migration, the carbon dioxide and the sodium bicarbonate solution are gradually separated from the critical temperature and pressure of the carbon dioxide during synchronous migration, at the moment, the ambient temperature and pressure of the carbon dioxide and the sodium bicarbonate solution are lower than the critical temperature and pressure of the carbon dioxide, and the ammonium bicarbonate solution is gradually separated out and crystallized to block the migration channel.
Further, the diffusion zone extends outwardly within the geological formation along the concentration gradient with the injected amount of carbon dioxide.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. The invention uses industrial ammonia for carbon dioxide burying based on the chemical reaction of ammonia and carbon dioxide, and the industrial ammonia is injected into stratum fluid of geological storage layer, so that the water in the storage layer can be utilized, and the cost for treating and discharging the water is reduced. Meanwhile, by utilizing the characteristic of supercritical state of carbon dioxide in the sealing layer, the embedding amount of the carbon dioxide can be increased by 3-5 times based on industrial ammonia water.
2. According to the invention, by combining the environmental characteristics of the geological storage layer, industrial ammonia water and carbon dioxide (the stratum pressure is basically unchanged when the water body is enough) can be sequentially injected by using the injection well, and the carbon dioxide is mainly buried in the storage layer in the form of the compound ammonium bicarbonate by combining the fluid in the storage layer, so that the safety of the storage layer can be enhanced. Even if carbon dioxide leakage occurs, the ammonium bicarbonate solution moves upwards along with the migration channel, the temperature and the pressure are further reduced along with the increase of the upwards moving distance of the migration channel, and the ammonium bicarbonate can gradually separate out crystals to block the migration channel, so that the sealing layer is stable and safe.
3. Based on the principle of absorbing carbon dioxide by ammonia water, the method is not limited to the burying of high-purity carbon dioxide, can also be used for burying industrial flue gas, does not need a complex process for purifying carbon dioxide from the flue gas, is used for directly burying the industrial flue gas, and saves the high cost of a CCUS trapping link while increasing the burying amount of the industrial flue gas.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below. It will be apparent to those skilled in the art from this disclosure that the drawings described below are merely exemplary and that other embodiments may be derived from the drawings provided without undue effort.
Fig. 1 is a schematic flow chart of a carbon dioxide sequestration method according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present invention will be made clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which it is apparent that the embodiments described are only some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
In the carbon dioxide capturing field, carbon dioxide is captured mainly by industrial ammonia in the plant exhaust gas, but industrial ammonia can be applied to the carbon dioxide sequestration field based on chemical reaction of ammonia and carbon dioxide.
The present invention therefore provides for the use of industrial ammonia to be injected into formation fluids to enhance carbon dioxide sequestration. Wherein, the carbon dioxide is in a supercritical state, and the absorption or the blocking of the carbon dioxide is realized based on the temperature and the pressure change of a reaction place of the carbon dioxide and the industrial ammonia water, namely, according to whether the temperature and the pressure of the reaction place exceed the critical temperature and the pressure of the carbon dioxide. The carbon dioxide in the supercritical state can improve the chemical reaction absorption capacity of the industrial ammonia, and along with the reduction of the temperature, the carbon dioxide and the reactant ammonium bicarbonate of the industrial ammonia can be separated out for crystallization, so that an migration channel can be plugged to prevent the solution from continuing to migrate and the carbon dioxide from escaping.
With respect to the carbon dioxide burying place, a high-water-bearing layer or a deep salty water layer can be selected as a geological storage layer, an upper cover layer of the geological storage layer is various rock strata, the property of fluid in the geological storage layer can be changed based on industrial ammonia water, and the carbon dioxide storage can be enhanced while the fluid in the storage layer is comprehensively utilized.
Because 80% of crude oil yield in China comes from water flooding development, part of oil fields enter an extra-high water content later development stage with water content more than 95%, and a large amount of water bodies such as deep salty water layers, high water-bearing layers such as water flooding later development or abandoned high water-bearing oil and gas reservoirs or deep salty water layers are selected as geological storage layers, and the water bodies can be fully utilized by adopting a storage method based on industrial ammonia water, so that the dissolution and storage of carbon dioxide in a storage layer can be increased, and the total storage quantity and storage safety are improved.
The invention discloses a specific carbon dioxide burying method, which is shown in figure 1 and comprises the following steps:
and 100, selecting a geological storage site, and forming injection wells on the geological storage site until the geological storage layer.
The geological storage layer is a high-water-bearing layer or a deep salty water layer, and the upper cover layer of the geological storage layer is various rock layers, generally shale, mudstone, slate and other compact, complete, continuous and low-permeability rock layers. The method is suitable for deep salty water layers or oil reservoirs containing more water bodies in the later development stage or abandoned water flooding stage, and the water bodies in the sealing layer are beneficial to geological burying of CO 2.
And 200, injecting industrial ammonia water into the geological storage layer through the injection well by pressure injection equipment, so that the concentration of the industrial ammonia water and the stratum fluid after mixing reaches a specified range, and changing the property of the stratum fluid.
The concentration of the fluid after the industrial ammonia water and the stratum fluid are mixed is 4% -8%, the concentration of the fluid after the industrial ammonia water is mixed is 6% generally preferably, the amount of the industrial ammonia water required for reaching the 6% concentration ammonia water can be calculated according to the volume of the water body in the sealing layer, and the industrial ammonia water is injected into the sealing layer through the injection well by the pressure injection equipment. Wherein the pressure in the injection well needs to be higher than the formation pressure.
After the industrial ammonia water injection is completed, the shaft and the residual industrial ammonia water at the bottom of the shaft are washed by a small amount of water to prevent CO 2 from reacting with the residual ammonia water in the shaft, and ammonium bicarbonate crystals are separated out at a lower temperature to block or even destroy the shaft. So after the ammonia water is injected into the sealing layer, a small amount of water is injected first, the residual ammonia water in the shaft is washed, and then CO 2 injection is carried out.
And 300, injecting carbon dioxide into the geological storage layer through the injection well again by using pressure injection equipment, and adjusting the injection pressure and the injection quantity based on a pressure monitoring feedback curve when the carbon dioxide is injected until the bottom hole pressure is stable so as to complete the whole storage process.
When the pressure injection equipment is used for injecting carbon dioxide, the underground reservoir space is utilized to the maximum extent in order to increase the carbon dioxide storage quantity, and the carbon dioxide is in a continuous injection state.
In the carbon dioxide injection process, the temperature and the pressure of the geological storage layer are respectively greater than the critical temperature and the critical pressure of the carbon dioxide, so that the injected carbon dioxide is in a supercritical state.
It should be noted that, the internal environment of the geological storage layer is complex, part of pore roar radius is small, obvious pressure gradient exists, part of small amount of carbon dioxide is not necessarily in supercritical state, but the carbon dioxide dissolution of pore roar is negligible compared with the dissolution of the whole storage layer, so the carbon dioxide is in supercritical state.
The density of the supercritical CO 2 is close to that of the liquid, the diffusion coefficient is close to that of the gas, when ammonia water reacts with the supercritical CO 2, the ammonia water and CO 2 are firstly mixed and are easier to contact, so that the reaction degree of the ammonia water and CO 2 under the reservoir condition is higher than that under the normal temperature and normal pressure condition.
Wherein, the carbon dioxide in the supercritical state and the industrial ammonia water are subjected to chemical reaction, and the specific reaction is as follows:
and the ratio of the reactant industrial ammonia water to the carbon dioxide to the resultant ammonium bicarbonate is 1:1:1.
After carbon dioxide is injected into the geological storage layer through the injection well, a concentration gradient is formed from near to far around the injection well, and a diffusion zone is formed from near to far under the action of injection pressure, and the diffusion zone extends outwards along the concentration gradient in the geological storage layer along with the injection of the carbon dioxide. When CO 2 is continuously injected, formation pressure is raised, and when the formation pressure reaches a safe pressure P1 (less than formation fracture pressure), CO 2 is stopped to be injected, CO 2 and ammonia water react, so that the formation pressure is lowered, and CO 2 is continuously injected until the formation pressure is stabilized at P1.
The carbon dioxide and the sodium bicarbonate solution are gradually separated from a supercritical environment during synchronous transportation, and the temperature and the pressure of the carbon dioxide and the sodium bicarbonate solution are lower than those of the supercritical environment at the moment, so that the ammonium bicarbonate solution gradually separates out crystals to block a transportation channel. Based on the environmental parameters of the geological storage layer, the industrial ammonia water and carbon dioxide can automatically block the migration channel along with the change of temperature and pressure.
The working principle of the carbon dioxide embedding method is as follows:
Ammonia water, i.e. an aqueous solution of ammonia, mainly contains NH 3·H2 O, belonging to weak base. The concentration of the common industrial ammonia water is 25% -28%, which means that the mass fraction of the ammonia is 25% -28%. The chemical equation for the reaction of ammonia with CO 2 is mainly the following two equations:
Ammonia water has strong volatility and is easy to volatilize ammonia gas. Ammonia gas also reacts with carbon dioxide to form ammonium carbamate, as shown in equation (3), which is a reversible reaction. Ammonium carbamate is heated to form uric acid and water, as shown in chemical reaction formula (4), which is used industrially to prepare urea.
The reaction of ammonia water with CO 2 belongs to chemical reaction, and the main parameters affecting the reaction are reactant concentration and reaction temperature. However, the research is mainly aimed at the field of CO 2 trapping, and the ammonia method for trapping CO 2 is more in a normal temperature and pressure state.
And the CO 2 is stored in a geological environment at high temperature and high pressure. When the pressure is higher than 7.38MPa and the temperature is higher than 31.1 ℃, CO 2 enters a supercritical state, and the gas-liquid interface disappears. The depth of underground burial of CO 2 is typically greater than 800m, where the temperature and pressure of the reservoir are typically greater than the critical temperature and pressure of CO 2, so CO 2 is in a supercritical state. Unlike gaseous CO 2, supercritical CO 2 has a density close to liquid and a diffusion coefficient close to gas. When ammonia reacts with supercritical CO 2, similar to crude oil and CO 2, the ammonia is firstly mixed and dissolved, and ammonia and CO 2 are easier to contact, so that the reaction degree of ammonia and CO 2 is higher under the reservoir condition than under the normal temperature and pressure condition.
TABLE 2 comparison of gas, liquid and supercritical fluid properties
Physical characteristics Gas (Normal temperature, normal pressure) Liquid (normal temperature, normal pressure) Supercritical fluid
Density (g/cm 3) 0.0006-0.02 0.6-1.6 0.2-0.9
Viscosity (mPa. S) 10-2 0.2-3.0 0.03-0.1
Diffusion coefficient (cm 3/s) 10-1 10-3 10-1
Under the geological sequestration condition of CO 2, the solubility of CO 2 in water is about 30:1, and 1ml of 6% ammonia water can absorb about 100-160ml of CO 2, namely, the sequestration of CO 2 by the ammonia water can be improved by 3-5 times. Based on the principle, the invention utilizes the stratum fluid of the geological storage layer to improve the carbon dioxide storage efficiency so as to solve the balance problem of the carbon dioxide storage space and the storage quantity.
At 80 ℃, the saturated vapor pressure of ammonia is 4.078MPa, the saturated vapor pressure of water is 0.027MPa, and according to Raoult or Henry's law, the saturated vapor pressure of ammonia water with different concentrations can be calculated, but the saturated vapor pressure of ammonia water is not larger than that of pure ammonia, and the lower the temperature is, the smaller the saturated vapor pressure is, and as long as the pressure is larger than 4MPa, the ammonia water basically does not volatilize gaseous ammonia. In general, the oil reservoir meets this condition, so that the formulas (3) and (4) of the reaction of ammonia and carbon dioxide can be omitted.
In CO 2 geological storage, CO 2 is in excess near the two-phase interface when CO 2 is injected. And to maximize the use of subsurface reservoir space, increasing the CO 2 sequestration would continue to inject CO 2 into the reservoir. Therefore, in CO 2 embedding, the formula (2) is mainly considered, the reaction product is ammonium bicarbonate, and the ratio of the amounts of reactant ammonia, CO 2 and the ammonium bicarbonate substance of the reaction product is 1:1:1.
In the process of burying the ammonia water reinforced CO 2, when CO 2 is injected into a geological sealing layer through an injection well by using pressure injection equipment, supercritical CO 2 is contacted with the ammonia water of a stratum nearby the bottom of the well to react, so that ammonium bicarbonate is generated. When the local ammonium bicarbonate of the stratum near the bottom of the well reaches supersaturation, ammonium bicarbonate crystals cannot be generated due to the fact that the temperature of the reservoir is high, but at the moment, reinjected CO 2 cannot react with ammonia water of the stratum near the bottom of the well, and the stratum pressure is increased.
So that the injection of CO 2 is stopped at this time, and the formation or the well wall is prevented from being broken due to the excessively high formation pressure. Unreacted CO 2 in the stratum near the bottom of the well can move along the diffusion zone along with the pressure reduction in the reverse direction to the depth of the sealing layer, and after the CO 2 is separated from the supersaturated area of ammonium bicarbonate, the CO 2 contacts and reacts with ammonia water in the depth of the sealing layer. At the same time, the formation near the bottom of the well may continue to inject CO 2, and so on, due to the migration of CO 2, the pressure drops. After the injection of CO 2 is stopped, the bottom hole pressure is kept unchanged, which indicates that the ammonia water in the sealing layer is basically reacted with CO 2, and the ammonium bicarbonate is in a near-saturation state, so that the whole sealing process can be stopped.
Assuming that the cover layer on the sealing layer is broken, CO 2 in the sealing layer leaks, the nearly saturated ammonium bicarbonate solution in the sealing layer also leaks upwards, and as the upwards leakage distance increases, the temperature of the stratum decreases, the ammonium bicarbonate solution gradually precipitates out crystals, and a leakage path is blocked, so that CO2 is prevented from continuing to leak.
Because the ammonium bicarbonate can be completely dissolved in the mixed solution in the environment with the temperature of more than 60 ℃, the high-temperature and high-pressure environment with the temperature of more than 60 ℃ can be optimized in the temperature environment of the geological storage layer, and the selectable range of the geological storage layer is further defined on the basis of ensuring the reinforcement of carbon dioxide embedding.
The above embodiments are only exemplary embodiments of the present application and are not intended to limit the present application, the scope of which is defined by the claims. Various modifications and equivalent arrangements of this application will occur to those skilled in the art, and are intended to be within the spirit and scope of the application.

Claims (6)

1.一种工业氨水的应用，其特征在于，将工业氨水注入地层流体中以加强二氧化碳的埋存量，选择高含水层或深部咸水层为地质封存层，且所述地质封存层的上覆盖层为各种岩层，基于工业氨水，结合所述地质封存层中的地层流体以强化二氧化碳封存；1. An application of industrial ammonia water, characterized in that the industrial ammonia water is injected into formation fluid to enhance the storage of carbon dioxide, a high aquifer or a deep saline layer is selected as a geological storage layer, and the upper covering layer of the geological storage layer is various rock formations, based on the industrial ammonia water, combined with the formation fluid in the geological storage layer to enhance the storage of carbon dioxide; 所述二氧化碳处于超临界态，并基于二氧化碳与工业氨水的反应场所的温度压力是否超过二氧化碳的临界温度和压力来实现二氧化碳的吸收或封堵。The carbon dioxide is in a supercritical state, and the absorption or blocking of carbon dioxide is achieved based on whether the temperature and pressure of the reaction site of carbon dioxide and industrial ammonia water exceeds the critical temperature and pressure of carbon dioxide. 2.一种二氧化碳埋存方法，其特征在于，包括如下步骤：2. A method for storing carbon dioxide, characterized in that it comprises the following steps: 步骤100、选定地质封存场地，并在所述地质封存场地上形成注入井直至地质封存层；Step 100: selecting a geological storage site, and forming an injection well on the geological storage site until the geological storage layer; 步骤200、通过压力注入设备将工业氨水通过所述注入井注入所述地质封存层，使得工业氨水和地层流体混合后的浓度达到指定范围改变地层流体性质；Step 200, injecting industrial ammonia water into the geological storage layer through the injection well by means of pressure injection equipment, so that the concentration of the industrial ammonia water and the formation fluid after mixing reaches a specified range to change the properties of the formation fluid; 步骤300、再次通过压力注入设备将二氧化碳通过所述注入井注入所述地质封存层，所述二氧化碳在注入时基于压力监控反馈曲线调整注入压力和注入量直至井底压力稳定以完成整个封存过程；Step 300, injecting carbon dioxide into the geological storage layer through the injection well again by means of pressure injection equipment, wherein the injection pressure and injection amount of the carbon dioxide are adjusted based on the pressure monitoring feedback curve during injection until the bottom hole pressure is stable to complete the entire storage process; 在二氧化碳注入的过程中，所述地质封存层的温度和压力大于二氧化碳的临界温度和临界压力，使得注入的二氧化碳处于超临界态；During the injection of carbon dioxide, the temperature and pressure of the geological storage layer are greater than the critical temperature and critical pressure of carbon dioxide, so that the injected carbon dioxide is in a supercritical state; 其中，处于超临界态的二氧化碳与所述工业氨水发生化学反应，具体反应为：；The supercritical carbon dioxide reacts chemically with the industrial ammonia water, and the specific reaction is: ; 且反应物工业氨水和二氧化碳与生成物碳酸氢铵的物质的量之比为1：1：1；The molar ratio of the reactants, industrial ammonia and carbon dioxide, to the product, ammonium bicarbonate, is 1:1:1; 所述地质封存层为高含水层或深部咸水层，且所述地质封存层的上覆盖层为各种岩层；The geological sealing layer is a high aquifer or a deep saline layer, and the overlying layer of the geological sealing layer is various rock formations; 其中，所述地质封存层的温度为大于60℃的高温高压环境。Wherein, the temperature of the geological sealing layer is a high temperature and high pressure environment greater than 60°C. 3.根据权利要求2所述的一种二氧化碳埋存方法，其特征在于，所述工业氨水和地层流体混合后的流体浓度为4%~8%，且在完成工业氨水注入后通过少量水冲洗井筒和井底残留的工业氨水。3. A carbon dioxide storage method according to claim 2, characterized in that the fluid concentration after the industrial ammonia water and the formation fluid are mixed is 4% to 8%, and after the industrial ammonia water injection is completed, a small amount of water is used to flush the industrial ammonia water remaining in the wellbore and the bottom of the well. 4.根据权利要求2所述的一种二氧化碳埋存方法，其特征在于，在步骤300中，通过所述压力注入设备注入二氧化碳时，二氧化碳始终处于持续注入状态。4. A carbon dioxide storage method according to claim 2, characterized in that, in step 300, when carbon dioxide is injected through the pressure injection equipment, the carbon dioxide is always in a continuous injection state. 5.根据权利要求4所述的一种二氧化碳埋存方法，其特征在于，所述二氧化碳通过注入井注入所述地质封存层后围绕所述注入井由近至远形成浓度梯度，且在注入压力作用下由近至远形成扩散带；5. A carbon dioxide storage method according to claim 4, characterized in that after the carbon dioxide is injected into the geological storage layer through an injection well, a concentration gradient is formed from near to far around the injection well, and a diffusion zone is formed from near to far under the action of the injection pressure; 其中：in: 所述二氧化碳在注入后先与所述工业氨水反应形成碳酸氢钠溶液，在运移的过程中，所述二氧化碳和所述碳酸氢钠溶液同步运移时逐步脱离二氧化碳的临界温度和压力，此时所述二氧化碳和所述碳酸氢钠溶液所处的环境温度和压力均低于二氧化碳的临界温度和压力，所述碳酸氢铵溶液逐渐析出结晶以堵塞运移通道。After being injected, the carbon dioxide first reacts with the industrial ammonia water to form a sodium bicarbonate solution. During the migration process, the carbon dioxide and the sodium bicarbonate solution migrate synchronously and gradually leave the critical temperature and pressure of the carbon dioxide. At this time, the ambient temperature and pressure of the carbon dioxide and the sodium bicarbonate solution are lower than the critical temperature and pressure of the carbon dioxide, and the ammonium bicarbonate solution gradually precipitates crystals to block the migration channel. 6.根据权利要求5所述的一种二氧化碳埋存方法，其特征在于，所述扩散带随着二氧化碳的注入量在所述地质封存层内顺着所述浓度梯度向外延伸。6. A carbon dioxide storage method according to claim 5, characterized in that the diffusion zone extends outward along the concentration gradient in the geological storage layer as the amount of carbon dioxide injected increases.
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