CN117123712B - Forging control methods for consistent performance and weight of non-quenched and tempered steel connecting rod blanks - Google Patents
Forging control methods for consistent performance and weight of non-quenched and tempered steel connecting rod blanksInfo
- Publication number
- CN117123712B CN117123712B CN202310908881.6A CN202310908881A CN117123712B CN 117123712 B CN117123712 B CN 117123712B CN 202310908881 A CN202310908881 A CN 202310908881A CN 117123712 B CN117123712 B CN 117123712B
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21J—FORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES
- B21J5/00—Methods for forging, hammering, or pressing; Special equipment or accessories therefor
- B21J5/02—Die forging; Trimming by making use of special dies ; Punching during forging
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21J—FORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES
- B21J1/00—Preparing metal stock or similar ancillary operations prior, during or post forging, e.g. heating or cooling
- B21J1/06—Heating or cooling methods or arrangements specially adapted for performing forging or pressing operations
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21J—FORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES
- B21J5/00—Methods for forging, hammering, or pressing; Special equipment or accessories therefor
- B21J5/06—Methods for forging, hammering, or pressing; Special equipment or accessories therefor for performing particular operations
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21J—FORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES
- B21J9/00—Forging presses
- B21J9/10—Drives for forging presses
- B21J9/20—Control devices specially adapted to forging presses not restricted to one of the preceding subgroups
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21K—MAKING FORGED OR PRESSED METAL PRODUCTS, e.g. HORSE-SHOES, RIVETS, BOLTS OR WHEELS
- B21K1/00—Making machine elements
- B21K1/76—Making machine elements elements not mentioned in one of the preceding groups
- B21K1/766—Connecting rods
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21K—MAKING FORGED OR PRESSED METAL PRODUCTS, e.g. HORSE-SHOES, RIVETS, BOLTS OR WHEELS
- B21K29/00—Arrangements for heating or cooling during processing
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/25—Process efficiency
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Forging (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a forging control method for blank performance and weight consistency of a non-quenched and tempered steel connecting rod. The invention adopts 38MnVS6 non-quenched and tempered steel round bar material forging to produce a connecting rod blank, which comprises the following technical processes of sawing and blanking, induction heating, high-pressure water dephosphorization, roll forging, flattening, pre-forging, final forging, trimming/punching, correction and cooling in sequence, wherein the preheating temperature of the induction heating is controlled to 1170+/-20 ℃, the pre-forging temperature is more than or equal to 1100 ℃, and the final forging temperature is more than or equal to 1050 ℃. By accurately controlling the temperature of the bar stock in the forging process, the problems that the mechanical property of the non-quenched and tempered steel connecting rod blank is low after forging, slag is dropped from the expanded section after expanding and breaking are solved, the transverse plastic elongation of the connecting rod is improved, the impact power is reduced, the weight deviation meets the requirement of 70g of no grouping, and the machining property, the expanding and breaking property, the weight consistency and the expanding section quality of the connecting rod blank after expanding and breaking are greatly improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of automobile material forming, and particularly relates to a forging control method for blank performance and weight consistency of a non-quenched and tempered steel connecting rod.
Background
The engine connecting rod is used as an important part of engine assembly, and the performance quality of the engine connecting rod directly influences the service performance of the engine. Therefore, strict requirements are also put on the mechanical properties of the connecting rod. Namely, the longitudinal tensile strength of the connecting rod is required to be not lower than 900MPa, the elongation after the longitudinal fracture is required to be not lower than 12%, and the elongation after the transverse fracture is required to be not lower than 5%. On the other hand, in order to improve the production efficiency and reduce the grouping or non-grouping of the weight after processing, a host factory puts higher requirements on the weight tolerance of the connecting rod of a forging provider, and the weight of the connecting rod blank is required to meet the requirement of 70g non-grouping. The forging process parameters, particularly the forging temperature, are key factors influencing the quality and weight consistency of the forging, the excessive burning and overheating phenomena can be caused by the excessive forging heating temperature, and the forging operation time can be shortened, the forging temperature range can be shortened, and the forging difficulty can be increased by the excessively low forging heating temperature. Moreover, the excessive final forging temperature can enable crystal grains to continue to grow at high temperature after stopping forging, so that the crystal grains of the forging are coarse, the mechanical property of the forging is reduced, and when the excessive final forging temperature is too low, the forging is poor in plasticity, difficult to deform, and increased in internal stress, and even cracks are generated in the forging. The heating temperature range is reasonably and accurately controlled, and the influence of temperature fluctuation on the thickness of the connecting rod can be reduced, so that the weight deviation of the connecting rod is reduced. Therefore, the quality of the connecting rod can be effectively ensured by reasonably controlling the technological parameters in the forging process.
At present, although research on the expansion and breaking process of the connecting rod is carried out in China, main equipment and materials are imported from abroad, the technology is still immature, a plurality of problems such as tearing, expanding, slag falling, fracture surface deformation and the like exist in actual production, the stability of the product quality is influenced, the influence mechanism of various factors on the expansion and breaking quality of the connecting rod is not clear, the selection of the expansion and breaking process parameters is mainly dependent on experience, and no theoretical support exists, so that the research on the localization of a blank of the connecting rod and the expansion and breaking technology of the connecting rod is urgent.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems, the invention provides a forging control method for blank performance and weight consistency of a non-quenched and tempered steel connecting rod. On the premise of ensuring the implementation of the existing production line, the technical process and forging temperature range of the 38MnVS6 non-quenched and tempered steel forging connecting rod blank are defined, the problems of material defects, insufficient mechanical properties and the like caused by too high or too low forging temperature are solved, and the requirement that the weight deviation is 70g and no grouping is met. On the premise of ensuring that the performance and weight consistency of the forging blank meet the requirements, the problems of slag falling/sharp steps and the like of the expanded section after the connecting rod is expanded are solved.
Aiming at the problems that the forging process of a non-quenched and tempered steel connecting rod blank is undefined, the blank performance and weight after forging are unstable and defects exist in the expansion breaking process in the prior art, the invention provides a forging control method for the non-quenched and tempered steel connecting rod blank performance and weight consistency, and the process for producing the connecting rod blank by forging a 38MnVS6 non-quenched and tempered steel round bar material sequentially comprises (see figure 1) sawing and blanking, induction heating, high-pressure water dephosphorization, roll forging, flattening, pre-forging, finish forging, trimming/punching, correction and cooling, and finally, the qualified expansion breaking connecting rod blank is obtained. By accurately controlling the temperature of the material in the forging process, the problems of low mechanical property and large weight deviation of the non-quenched and tempered steel connecting rod blank after forging are solved, and the machining property, weight consistency and the quality of the expanded section of the connecting rod blank after expanding are greatly improved.
According to the forging control method for the blank performance and weight consistency of the non-quenched and tempered steel connecting rod, a strict temperature control range (see figure 2) is set in each forging process, and the process steps and the temperature control are as follows:
s1, sawing and blanking, wherein the end face angle of a material section is less than or equal to 2 degrees;
s2, induction heating, wherein the tapping temperature of a material section is controlled to 1170+/-20 ℃, and the blank is not heated for the second time before the whole forging is completed;
s3, dephosphorizing with high-pressure water to ensure that the oxide skin removal rate of the surface of the heated bar is more than or equal to 90 percent;
s4, roll forging a blank, and drawing out a rod part;
s5, flattening;
S6, pre-forging, wherein the pre-forging temperature is more than or equal to 1100 ℃, and the temperature of a die cavity is controlled to be 120-300 ℃;
S7, final forging, wherein the final forging temperature is equal to or higher than 1050 ℃, and the temperature of a die cavity is controlled to be 120-300 ℃;
s8, trimming/punching, wherein the trimming temperature is more than or equal to 1000 ℃;
S9, correcting, namely correcting the temperature to be more than or equal to 950 ℃ to ensure the symmetry, straightness and geometric dimension requirements of the connecting rod, and then cooling to obtain a finished product.
The invention further discloses a final cooling treatment process, which is to realize quick cooling and slow cooling treatment by controlling air quantity in a box-type furnace, and particularly comprises the steps that the temperature of a connecting rod blank before cooling is more than or equal to 830 ℃, the connecting rod blank is sequentially subjected to quick cooling in the box-type furnace, slow cooling of air outside the furnace and stacking cooling in a heat-preserving material frame. The box-type furnace internal rapid cooling is carried out from 830 ℃ to 710+/-20 ℃ at a cooling speed of 1.5-2.5 ℃ per second, the box-type furnace internal slow cooling is carried out from 710+/-20 ℃ to 580+/-20 ℃ at a cooling speed of 0.4-1.3 ℃ per second, the furnace external air slow cooling is carried out from 580+/-20 ℃ to 480+/-20 ℃ at a cooling speed of 0.13-0.20 ℃ per second, and the heat preservation material frame is piled and cooled from 480+/-20 ℃ to room temperature.
The end face angle of the material section in the step S1 is smaller than or equal to 2 degrees, and the purpose of the invention is to ensure that the weight meets the requirement, reduce weight deviation, ensure the consistency of the weight of a final blank, ensure the accurate positioning in the subsequent roll forging process, ensure the metal flow meets the requirement in the material deformation process and also be the basis of the accurate positioning of the blank in a die in the subsequent forging process.
The tapping temperature of the material section in the step S2 is controlled to 1170+/-20 ℃, which is the optimal temperature for experimental finding of the applicant, and when the tapping temperature of the material section is too high, the mechanical property after forging is low. This is because the high temperature of the billet during the entire forging process can cause grain growth during the forging process, and the size of the forged grains is relatively large, thereby resulting in lower strength and poorer plasticity. In addition, the higher the temperature, the more obvious the volume expansion of the material is, and the volume of the cavity of the forging die is certain, so that the volume of a blank is smaller after forging and cooling, the weight is out of tolerance, and the weight consistency of a product is affected. And the plasticity of the material can be reduced due to the too low temperature, the metal flow is affected, the metal filling in the die cavity in the forging forming process is not facilitated, and defects such as material shortage or folding and the like can be generated.
The pre-forging temperature in the step S6 is more than or equal to 1100 ℃, the temperature of the die cavity is controlled to be 120-300 ℃, the pre-forging temperature cannot be too low, the plasticity of the material is affected due to the fact that the pre-forging temperature is too low, the material forming in the whole forging process is affected, the production takt can be effectively controlled through the control of the temperature, and the excessive temperature reduction caused by the overlong production takt is avoided. And controlling the temperature of the die cavity, namely obviously reducing the temperature of the blank when the die contacts the blank due to lower temperature of the die, so that the plasticity of the blank is reduced, and the molding performance of metal is affected, and therefore, the die cavity needs to be preheated. The natural gas flame baking mode is adopted, and the temperature rising speed is high, so that the operation is convenient. However, as the material generates heat in the forging deformation process, the preheating temperature of the die is not required to be too high, and the preheating temperature of the die cavity is controlled to be 120-300 ℃ by comprehensively considering the efficiency and the influence on the temperature of the blank.
The control principle of the final forging temperature in the step S7 is the same as that in the step S6. Too low a finish forging temperature can affect the plasticity of the material, thereby affecting the performance of the blank, and too high a temperature change can also affect the weight consistency of the product.
The temperature control principle of the steps S8 and S9 is the same as that of the step S6. Is set for ensuring the continuous performance of the material, and considers the temperature drop caused by the natural cooling of the blank in the production beat.
In conclusion, the accurate control of the forging temperature can ensure the forming performance of the material and avoid forging defects, the structure after the crystal grains are deformed is uniform at the temperature, the crystal grain size is relatively smaller, the mechanical property of the forged blank is ensured, the expansion rate and the fluidity of the metal material are restrained by restraining the temperature range, the weight consistency of the forged blank can be ensured, and the overlarge difference of the external dimensions after forging and cooling caused by overlarge temperature difference is avoided.
The invention has the technical effects that through accurately controlling the temperature of the bar stock in the forging process, the problems of low mechanical property of the non-quenched and tempered steel connecting rod blank after forging, slag falling of the expanded section after expanding and breaking and the like are solved, the transverse plastic elongation (more than or equal to 5 percent) of the connecting rod is improved, the impact energy is reduced (the requirement of 6-14J is met), and the weight deviation is met, wherein the requirement of 70g of non-grouping is met. Greatly improves the machining performance, the fracture expanding performance, the weight consistency and the fracture expanding quality of the connecting rod blank after fracture expanding.
Drawings
Other features, objects and advantages of the present invention will become more apparent from the detailed description of non-limiting embodiments, which is to be read in connection with the accompanying drawings, in which:
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a forging process for a non-quenched and tempered steel connecting rod of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a temperature control diagram of the forging process stages of the non-quenched and tempered steel connecting rod of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a graph showing the appearance of a fracture with a bulge defect in a connecting rod blank prepared in comparative example 1;
FIG. 4 is a profile of an expanded section fracture of a connecting rod blank prepared in example 1 of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail with reference to specific examples. The following examples will assist those skilled in the art in further understanding the present invention, but are not intended to limit the invention in any way. It should be noted that variations and modifications could be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the inventive concept. These are all within the scope of the present invention.
The tensile test of the embodiment of the invention is based on the reference standard that the metal material tensile test part 1 is the room temperature test method GB/T228.2-2015, and the impact test standard generally adopts the GB/T229-2007 Charpy pendulum impact test method for metal materials.
Example 1:
the invention discloses a 38MnVS6 connecting rod blank forging process control, which specifically comprises the following steps:
s1, sawing and blanking by using a sawing machine, wherein the end face angle of a material section is less than or equal to 2 degrees;
And S2, induction heating, namely rapidly heating the bar stock to a set temperature (1170 ℃) by using an induction heating mode and preserving heat. The tapping temperature of the material section is controlled at 1172 ℃, and the blank is not heated for the second time before the whole forging is completed;
s3, dephosphorizing with high-pressure water to ensure that the oxide skin removal rate of the surface of the heated bar is more than or equal to 90 percent;
s4, roll forging a blank, and drawing out a rod part;
s5, flattening, namely flattening and deforming the blank after the rod part is pulled out;
s6, pre-forging, namely grabbing and placing the flattened blank into a pre-heated pre-forging die cavity, wherein the pre-forging temperature of the blank is 1108 ℃, and the die cavity temperature is controlled to be 120-300 ℃ for pre-forging deformation;
s7, final forging, namely grabbing and placing the pre-forged blank into a preheated final forging die cavity, wherein the final forging temperature of the blank is 1060 ℃, and the die cavity temperature is controlled to be 120-300 ℃ to perform final forging deformation;
s8, trimming/punching, namely placing the final forging piece into a trimming die, cutting off the forging flash, and trimming at the temperature of 1012 ℃;
And S9, correcting the temperature to 962 ℃ to ensure the symmetry, straightness and geometric dimension requirements of the connecting rod, and then cooling (the off-line temperature before cooling is 904 ℃) to finally obtain the connecting rod blank.
The cooling treatment process is to realize quick cooling and slow cooling treatment by controlling the air quantity in the box type furnace, and specifically comprises the steps of carrying out quick cooling in the box type furnace, slow cooling in air outside the furnace and stacking cooling in a heat preservation material frame in sequence. The box-type furnace internal rapid cooling is carried out from more than or equal to 830 ℃ to 710+/-20 ℃ with the cooling speed of 1.5-2.5 ℃ per second, the box-type furnace internal slow cooling is carried out from 710+/-20 ℃ to 580+/-20 ℃ with the cooling speed of 0.4-1.3 ℃ per second, the furnace external air slow cooling is carried out from 580+/-20 ℃ to 480+/-20 ℃ with the cooling speed of 0.13-0.20 ℃ per second, and the heat preservation material frame is stacked and cooled from 480+/-20 ℃ to room temperature.
The performance of the continuous casting blank is detected, the weight of the connecting rod blank meets 70g, the connecting rod blank is not grouped, and other detection indexes are shown in Table 3.
Comparative example 1 (high temperature):
The forging process control of the 38MnVS6 connecting rod blank is shown in Table 1, and the rest is the same as example 1. The weight of the connecting rod blank partially does not meet the requirement, the fluctuation range exceeds 70g, and other detection indexes are shown in Table 2.
Table 1 temperature settings for example 1 and comparative example 1
Tables 2 and 3 show the strength, elongation and impact performance of the blanks obtained at the forging temperature of comparative examples and 1 example 1, respectively. Machining and expanding fracture treatment are carried out on a forged connecting rod blank (the technological process mainly comprises the steps of oil hole drilling, laser marking, large and small head hole rough boring, end face grinding, drilling and tapping, cooling, laser grooving, expanding fracture, bolt screwing, small head hole bushing pressing, large and small head hole fine boring, end face grinding, deburring, flaw detection, cleaning, finished product weighing and expanding fracture detection), the appearance of an expanding fracture defect fracture after the connecting rod is expanded at the forging temperature of comparative example 1 is shown in fig. 3, and the appearance of an expanding fracture after the connecting rod is expanded at the forging temperature of example 1 is shown in fig. 4.
In example 1 and comparative example 1, the round bar induction heating temperature was different, and comparative example 1 was higher than example 1. Accordingly, the temperatures of the pre-forging, finish forging, trimming and correction of comparative example 1 were also higher than those of example 1. As can be seen from comparison of comparative example 1 and example 1, when the temperature is too high, the strength of the connecting rod blank in both the transverse direction and the longitudinal direction is relatively low, and the transverse elongation rate is less than 5%. According to the invention, the improvement and effective control of the performance of the connecting rod blank can be realized by controlling the temperature in the forging process of the 38MnVS6 connecting rod blank. In addition, the connecting rod obtained in example 1 shown in fig. 3 to 4 has better quality of the expanded section than that of comparative example 1 after the expanded section is machined and broken, and no slag or sharp steps are generated.
TABLE 2 results of testing the properties of the connecting rod blanks prepared in comparative example 1 of the present invention
TABLE 3 results of testing the properties of the connecting rod blanks prepared in example 1 of the present invention
The foregoing description is only illustrative of the present invention and is not intended to limit the scope of the invention, and all equivalent structures or equivalent processes or direct or indirect application in other related technical fields are included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (4)
1. A forging control method for the performance and weight consistency of a non-quenched and tempered steel connecting rod blank is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
s1, sawing and blanking, wherein the end face angle of a material section is less than or equal to 2 degrees;
s2, induction heating, wherein the tapping temperature of the material section is controlled to 1170+/-20 ℃;
s3, dephosphorizing with high-pressure water to ensure that the oxide skin removal rate of the surface of the heated bar is more than or equal to 90 percent;
s4, roll forging a blank, and drawing out a rod part;
s5, flattening;
S6, pre-forging, wherein the pre-forging temperature is more than or equal to 1100 ℃;
s7, final forging, wherein the final forging temperature is equal to or higher than 1050 ℃;
s8, trimming/punching, wherein the trimming temperature is more than or equal to 1000 ℃;
S9, correcting, namely correcting the temperature to be more than or equal to 950 ℃ and ensuring the symmetry, straightness and geometric dimension requirements of the connecting rod;
The cooling treatment is that the temperature of the connecting rod blank before cooling is more than or equal to 830 ℃, the connecting rod blank is cooled by rapid cooling in a box type furnace, slow cooling in the box type furnace, slow cooling of air outside the furnace and stacking cooling in a heat preservation material frame in sequence;
The rapid cooling in the box-type furnace is that the temperature is more than or equal to 830 ℃ and is cooled to 710+/-20 ℃, and the cooling speed is 1.5-2.5 ℃ per second;
The internal slow cooling of the box-type furnace is that the temperature is cooled from 710+/-20 ℃ to 580+/-20 ℃ and the cooling speed is 0.4-1.3 ℃ per second;
the air outside the furnace is cooled slowly from 580+/-20 ℃ to 480+/-20 ℃ at the cooling speed of 0.13-0.20 ℃ per second;
and stacking and cooling the heat-insulating material frame from 480+/-20 ℃ to room temperature.
2. The forging control method as recited in claim 1, wherein the blank is not secondarily heated until the entire forging is completed.
3. The forging control method as set forth in claim 1, wherein the die cavity temperature of the pre-forging in step S6 is controlled to be 120-300 ℃.
4. The forging control method as set forth in claim 1, wherein the die cavity temperature of the final forging in step S7 is controlled to be 120-300 ℃.
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| CN105290743A (en) * | 2015-12-01 | 2016-02-03 | 吉林大学 | Method for cracking hardened and tempered forged steel connection rods |
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