CN117123795A - A preparation method for laser directed energy deposition of homogeneous titanium carbide reinforced titanium matrix composite materials - Google Patents
A preparation method for laser directed energy deposition of homogeneous titanium carbide reinforced titanium matrix composite materials Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开一种激光定向能量沉积均质碳化钛增强钛基复合材料的制备方法，属于复合材料制备技术领域。包括以下内容：建立三维构件模型，将三维构建模型进行切片分层并生成激光扫描路径；分层之间的路径采用交叉打印，偏转角度30°‑90°，每层打印间隔1‑20秒，从而提升冷却效果，降低成分偏析和应力集中；将钛合金粉、碳化钛粉末混合均匀，得到均匀的混合粉；两种方法得到的混合粉经分粉器到达激光同轴送粉喷头分四路送出,四路粉末汇聚于激光焦点，经激光扫描快速熔化和快速凝固成形均质复合材料；其中碳化钛含量和粒径大小可控，提高了材料的可设计性。
The invention discloses a preparation method for laser directed energy deposition of homogeneous titanium carbide reinforced titanium-based composite materials, and belongs to the technical field of composite material preparation. It includes the following content: establishing a three-dimensional component model, slicing and layering the three-dimensional construction model and generating a laser scanning path; the path between layers is cross-printed, with a deflection angle of 30°-90°, and the printing interval of each layer is 1-20 seconds. Thereby improving the cooling effect, reducing component segregation and stress concentration; mixing titanium alloy powder and titanium carbide powder evenly to obtain uniform mixed powder; the mixed powder obtained by the two methods passes through the powder separator and reaches the laser coaxial powder feeding nozzle and is divided into four paths After being sent out, the four-way powder converges at the laser focus, and is quickly melted and solidified by laser scanning to form a homogeneous composite material; the titanium carbide content and particle size are controllable, which improves the designability of the material.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of composite material preparation, and particularly relates to a preparation method of a laser directional energy deposition homogeneous titanium carbide reinforced titanium matrix composite material.
Background
Particle-reinforced titanium-based composites are receiving increasing attention due to their isotropy and low cost, and hard TiC, which has a density close to that of titanium, higher thermal stability and good biocompatibility, is a preferred reinforcement for particle-reinforced titanium-based composites. With the rapid development of the fields of aerospace and the like, the rapid preparation of light-weight and high-performance complex structural parts is urgent. Conventional methods for preparing particle-reinforced titanium-based composite materials include a casting method, a powder metallurgy method, and the like, which rely on a die and processing, or have uneven distribution of a reinforcing phase in the composite material due to macrosegregation and microsegregation, or have long forming period due to die opening, or have high resistance to deformation and cutting caused by the titanium-based composite material, so that the conventional manufacturing technology is difficult and expensive to prepare the titanium-based composite material part, and the production application of the composite material is limited to a great extent.
Additive Manufacturing (AM) is an emerging and promising manufacturing technology featuring a unique layer-by-layer manufacturing process. The advent and rapid development of metal additive manufacturing technology has provided new ways to shape composite materials, shortens product design and development time, and enables the production of near net shape parts directly from computer aided design files without the reworking costs associated with conventional manufacturing processes. The component with a complex structure can be manufactured, the utilization efficiency of raw materials is improved, and the energy consumption is reduced. However, the existing additive manufacturing composite material technology mainly adopts selective laser melting, and the method has the problem that the size of a part is increased to cause the volume effect of single-time exponential increase of the raw material consumption, so that the powder cost is greatly increased. The Directional Energy Deposition (DED) technology is used as one of additive manufacturing technologies, has small powder loss, is an efficient and rapid additive manufacturing technology, and has wide application prospect in preparing composite materials.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems of long forming period, high cost and dependence on a die and machining in the prior art for preparing the homogeneous composite material, the invention provides a preparation method for preparing the homogeneous composite material by laser directional energy deposition additive, namely under the control of a program, mixed powder is quickly melted and quickly solidified under the action of a laser beam and is piled layer by layer to generate a composite material component with a ceramic reinforcing phase.
A preparation method of a homogeneous composite material manufactured by laser directional energy deposition additive material comprises the following specific steps:
(1) And designing a three-dimensional composite material member by using modeling software, setting an initial layer thickness and a layering layer thickness, slicing and layering the three-dimensional data model by using slicing software, setting a printing mode as cross printing, setting layering printing interval time, and outputting a laser scanning path.
(2) The titanium alloy powder and the titanium carbide powder are firstly placed in a vacuum drying oven for full drying, and then placed in a ball milling tank filled with high-purity argon for low-energy ball milling or vibrated by a vibration disperser to obtain uniform mixed powder; or respectively placing the titanium alloy powder and the titanium carbide powder into two powder barrels of the powder feeder, controlling the rotating speeds of the two powder feeders to control the mixing proportion, and uniformly mixing the two paths of powder by the powder mixer to obtain uniform mixed powder.
(3) The mixed powder is placed in a powder cylinder of laser directional energy deposition equipment, the mixed powder is conveyed to a laser coaxial powder conveying spray head through high-purity argon gas to be conveyed out in four ways, meanwhile, the laser directional energy deposition equipment links a laser and a powder conveying device according to a program, the mixed powder is scanned according to a set path, intersection points of the four ways of mixed powder coincide with laser focuses, meanwhile, the laser directional energy deposition equipment scans the mixed powder according to a set laser scanning path, and the powder is melted and solidified rapidly by the energy of laser to form a homogeneous composite material.
Preferably, the deflection angle degree of the cross printing in the step (1) is 30-90 degrees, and the layering printing interval time is 1-20s.
Preferably, the particle size of the titanium alloy powder in the step (2) is 50-200 mu m, and the particle size of the ceramic powder is 0.8-50 mu m.
Preferably, the titanium alloy powder in the step (2) is TA1, TA4, TA10 or Ti6Al4V; the ceramic powder is TiC powder.
Preferably, the purity of the titanium alloy powder is more than or equal to 99.9 percent, and the purity of the ceramic powder is more than or equal to 99.9 percent.
Further, the TiC ceramic powder is less than 50wt% of the total powder mass.
Preferably, the laser wavelength of the step (3) is 1068-1080 nm, the laser power is 300-1200W, the laser scanning speed is 200-1600 mm/min, and the light spot size is 1.6-3mm; the protective atmosphere is one or two of argon and helium.
The flow rate of the protective atmosphere is 9-20L/h.
The powder feeder in the step (2) is a carrier gas type coaxial powder feeder, and the spray head is provided with four paths of powder outlets, is arranged below the laser head and is driven by the laser head.
In the invention, the titanium carbide reinforced phase relates to melting and unmelting because the titanium carbide has higher absorptivity to laser.
Principle of laser directed energy deposition of homogeneous composite: in the forming process, the mixed powder of titanium and ceramic is utilized to generate transient heat by reaction under the action of laser, so that the heat input in the forming process can be improved, the effective melting of the powder in the laser forming process is realized, the defects of unfused powder, pores and the like are reduced, and the interface bonding performance between the reinforcing phase and the matrix is improved, so that the composite material has excellent mechanical properties and good surface quality; meanwhile, melting and solidification in the forming process are rapid, and element segregation phenomenon in the solidification process of a molten pool is avoided to the greatest extent along with rapid cooling, so that the homogeneous composite material is formed.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows:
(1) The method for manufacturing the homogeneous composite material by laser fixed energy deposition utilizes the transient heat generated by the mixed powder of titanium and ceramic under the action of laser, improves the heat input of a molten pool in the laser preparation and forming process, ensures that ceramic particles and metal particles are instantly solidified and melted, ensures that the temperature field distribution in the molten pool is more uniform, and reduces the generation of defects of the composite material.
(2) The invention solves the problems of macrosegregation and microsegregation in the traditional composite material preparation and forming process, and the comprehensive performance of the formed composite material is obviously improved.
(3) The invention forms the titanium-based composite material under the rapid forming and cooling piece, avoids element segregation phenomenon in the solidification process of a molten pool to the maximum extent, and forms the homogeneous composite material.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a laser scanning path diagram of example 1, example 2 and example 3 for laser directed energy deposition additive manufacturing to produce a homogeneous composite material, where (a) is an n-layer laser scanning schematic, (b) is an (n+1) layer (n >0 and is a natural number) laser scanning schematic, and (c) is a composite cross-printing laser path schematic.
Fig. 2 is a process flow diagram for example 1 and example 2 laser directed energy deposition additive manufacturing of homogeneous composite materials.
FIG. 3 is a graph of the microstructure of different deposited layers of the homogeneous titanium matrix composite of example 1, showing (a) a first layer of the composite and (b) a sixth layer of the composite.
Fig. 4 is a process flow diagram for example 2 and 3 laser directed energy deposition additive manufacturing of homogeneous composite materials.
FIG. 5 is a graph of the microstructure of different regions of the homogeneous titanium-based composite of example 2, showing (a) a first layer of the composite and (b) a fifth layer of the composite.
FIG. 6 is a graph of the microstructure of different regions of the homogeneous titanium-based composite of example 3, showing (a) a first layer of the composite and (b) an eighth layer of the composite.
Fig. 7 is a scanning electron microscope image of the homogeneous titanium-based composite material of example 1 and the titanium-based composite material of comparative example 1, in which (a) the scanning electron microscope image of the homogeneous titanium-based composite material of example 1 and (b) the scanning electron microscope image of the titanium-based composite material of comparative example 1 are shown.
Fig. 8 is a graph of compressive stress strain for the materials of example 1, example 1 and comparative example 1.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described in connection with the following examples, but the scope of the invention is not limited to the description.
Example 1
A preparation method of a homogeneous composite material manufactured by laser directional energy deposition (see figure 2), which comprises the following specific steps:
(1) And (3) establishing a three-dimensional data model of the TiC reinforced titanium-based homogeneous composite material component, slicing and layering the three-dimensional data model by using slicing software, establishing a base coordinate, setting a cross printing angle to be 90 degrees, layering interval time to be 8s, planning a laser scanning path (see figure 1), and generating a laser scanning program.
(2) Ball milling and uniformly mixing titanium alloy powder and titanium carbide powder to obtain mixed powder; the mixed powder is placed in a carrier gas type powder feeder of a laser directional energy deposition device, wherein the purity of titanium alloy powder (TC 4) is more than or equal to 99.9%, the purity of ceramic powder (TiC ceramic powder) is more than or equal to 99.9%, and the mass of the ceramic powder (TiC) accounts for 5wt% of the total mass of the mixed powder.
(3) Starting a powder feeder, a laser and a mechanical arm, feeding mixed powder through a powder divider and through an annular laser coaxial powder feeding spray nozzle, and simultaneously scanning the mixed powder by a laser directional energy deposition device according to a laser scanning program of a laser scanning path, wherein titanium alloy powder (Ti) and titanium carbide powder generate transient heat and quickly melt in a limited space in a micro molten pool under the action of laser, a large amount of emitted heat is generated, ceramic powder and a matrix are quickly combined to form and quickly solidify, so that segregation of a reinforcing phase is avoided, and a titanium-based homogeneous composite material containing TiC reinforcing phase is formed; the laser wavelength is 1068-1080 nm, the laser power is 0.6KW, the laser scanning speed is 600mm/min, the light spot size is 1.6mm, the protective atmosphere is argon, and the protective gas flow is 13L/h.
In this embodiment, the microstructure morphology of different regions of the titanium-based homogeneous composite material is shown in fig. 3, and as can be seen from fig. 3, the microstructure morphology obtained by randomly sampling different regions of the composite material is consistent in the first layer and the fourth layer, and the reinforcing phases are fine TiC granular reinforcing phases. The compressive yield strength of this example was 2164.18MPa and the compressive strain was 26.14%.
Example 2
A method for manufacturing TiC reinforced titanium-based homogeneous composite material by laser directional energy deposition additive material (see figure 2), which comprises the following specific steps:
(1) And (3) establishing a three-dimensional data model of the TiC reinforced homogeneous titanium-based composite material, slicing and layering the three-dimensional data model by using slicing software, establishing a base coordinate, setting a cross printing angle to be 60 degrees, layering interval time to be 6s, planning a laser scanning path, and generating a laser scanning program.
(2) Ball milling and uniformly mixing titanium alloy powder and titanium carbide powder to obtain mixed powder; the mixed powder is placed in a carrier gas type powder feeder of a laser directional energy deposition device, wherein the purity of titanium alloy powder (TC 4) is more than or equal to 99.9%, the purity of ceramic powder (TiC ceramic powder) is more than or equal to 99.9%, and the TiC powder accounts for 5wt% of the total mass of the powder.
(3) Starting a powder feeder, a laser and a mechanical arm, feeding mixed powder through a powder divider and through an annular laser coaxial powder feeding spray head, and simultaneously scanning the mixed powder by a laser directional energy deposition device according to a laser scanning program of a laser scanning path, wherein titanium alloy powder (TC 4) and titanium carbide powder generate transient heat and quickly melt in a limited space in a micro molten pool under the action of laser, a large amount of emitted heat is generated, ceramic powder and a matrix are quickly combined to form and quickly solidify, so that segregation of a reinforcing phase is avoided, and a titanium-based homogeneous composite material containing TiC reinforcing phase is formed; the laser wavelength is 1068-1080 nm, the laser power is 0.7KW, the laser scanning speed is 600mm/min, the light spot size is 1.6mm, the protective atmosphere is helium, and the protective gas flow is 13L/h.
The microstructure morphology graphs of different areas of the titanium carbide reinforced titanium-based homogeneous composite material in the embodiment are shown in fig. 5, and as can be seen from fig. 5, the microstructure morphologies obtained by randomly sampling different areas of the composite material, namely the first layer and the fifth layer, are consistent, and the reinforced phases are uniformly distributed. The compressive yield strength of this example was 2078.11MPa and the compressive strain was 22.64%.
Example 3
A method for manufacturing TiC reinforced titanium-based homogeneous composite material by laser directional energy deposition additive material (see figure 4), which comprises the following specific steps:
(1) And (3) establishing a three-dimensional data model of the titanium-based homogeneous composite material component, slicing and layering the three-dimensional data model by using slicing software to form a two-dimensional data model, establishing a base coordinate, setting a cross printing angle to be 60 degrees, layering interval time to be 4s, planning a laser scanning path, and generating a laser scanning program.
(2) Placing titanium alloy powder into powder barrels A of a powder feeder, placing titanium carbide ceramic powder into powder barrels of the powder feeder respectively, setting the powder feeding speed of the powder barrels A to be 20r/min, setting the powder feeding speed of the powder barrels B to be 4r/min, and conveying the two paths of powder to a powder mixer through pipelines to be uniformly mixed to obtain uniform mixed powder, wherein the purity of the titanium alloy powder (TC 4) is more than or equal to 99.9%, and the purity of the ceramic powder (TiC ceramic powder) is more than or equal to 99.9%.
(3) Starting a powder feeder, a laser and a mechanical arm, feeding mixed powder through a powder divider and through an annular laser coaxial powder feeding spray nozzle, and simultaneously scanning the mixed powder by a laser near-net forming device according to a laser scanning program of a laser scanning path, wherein titanium alloy powder (TC 4) and titanium carbide powder generate transient heat and quickly melt in a limited space in a micro molten pool under the action of laser, a large amount of emitted heat is generated, ceramic powder and a matrix are quickly combined and formed and quickly solidified, so that segregation of a reinforcing phase is avoided, and a titanium-based homogeneous composite material containing TiC reinforcing phase is formed; the laser wavelength is 1068-1080 nm, the laser power is 0.7KW, the laser scanning speed is 700mm/min, the light spot size is 1.6mm, the protective atmosphere is the mixed protective gas of helium and argon, and the mixed protective gas flow is 13L/h.
In this embodiment, the microstructure morphology of different regions of the titanium-based homogeneous composite material is shown in fig. 6, and as can be seen from fig. 6, the microstructure morphology obtained by the first layer and the fifth layer is consistent and the reinforced phase is uniformly distributed when the different regions of the composite material are randomly sampled.
The compressive yield strength of this example was 2092.18MPa and the compressive strain was 16.93%.
Comparative example 1
All parameters and steps of this example are the same as in example 1, except that: the layer-by-layer printing path does not adopt cross printing and only carries out unidirectional reciprocating printing. Scanning electron microscopy images of the materials of example 1 and comparative example 1 figure 7 compression experiments were carried out on the materials prepared by the two printing modes, the compressed sample being a cylinder with a diameter of 2mm and a height of 4 mm. The compressive stress strain curves for example 1 and comparative example 1 are shown in fig. 8.
From fig. 7, it can be seen that the reinforcing phases of the titanium carbide reinforced titanium matrix composite material using the cross printing are uniformly distributed, while the composite material using the unidirectional reciprocating printing has a remarkable phenomenon of reinforced phase segregation in the reciprocating direction.
From FIG. 8, it is clear that the homogeneous composite compressive yield strength using cross printing can reach 2164.18MPa, far exceeding cast titanium alloy, compressive strain can reach 26.14%, while the composite material using unidirectional reciprocating printing has compressive yield strength only reaching 1749.66MPa, and compressive strain 12.24%, and poor plasticity due to enhanced phase segregation.
As can be seen by comparison, the titanium carbide reinforced titanium matrix composite material which adopts cross printing has more uniform reinforced phase distribution and more excellent performance.
The foregoing is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and it should be noted that it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that numerous changes and modifications can be made without departing from the principles of the invention, which is also intended to be regarded as the scope of the invention.
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| CN119973139A (en) * | 2025-03-17 | 2025-05-13 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | A method for preparing high-strength and high-corrosion-resistant TA10 titanium alloy by selective laser melting |
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Cited By (7)
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN118123039A (en) * | 2024-02-26 | 2024-06-04 | 南京工业大学 | Preparation method of particle reinforced titanium matrix composite material based on laser melting deposition and laser air scanning |
| CN118404099A (en) * | 2024-06-27 | 2024-07-30 | 山东雷石智能制造股份有限公司 | A process for printing large titanium alloy structural parts by directed energy deposition |
| DE102024128168A1 (en) * | 2024-09-30 | 2026-04-02 | MTU Aero Engines AG | METHOD FOR ASSEMBLING OR REPAIRING A COMPONENT PART IN PART |
| CN119973139A (en) * | 2025-03-17 | 2025-05-13 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | A method for preparing high-strength and high-corrosion-resistant TA10 titanium alloy by selective laser melting |
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