CN117431680A - A kind of preparation method of light and breathable fabric - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of textiles and discloses a preparation method of a light and thin breathable fabric, which is formed by spinning polyester fibers and coffee carbon fibers through a high count yarn compact spinning process and weaving through a plain weaving process, wherein the polyester fibers are prepared from polyester fiber slices, an organosilicon antibacterial finishing agent, functional chitosan and an antioxidant through a blending-granulating-spinning process, and the effects of the organosilicon antibacterial finishing agent and the functional chitosan are utilized to endow the polyester fibers with good antibacterial effect, and meanwhile, the strength of the polyester fibers can be improved to a certain extent.

Description

A kind of preparation method of light and breathable fabric

Technical field

The invention relates to the technical field of textiles, and in particular to a method for preparing light and breathable fabrics.

Background technique

Polyester, also known as polyester fiber, is a fiber-forming polymer made from polyethylene terephthalate or dimethyl terephthalate and ethylene glycol through esterification or transesterification and polycondensation reaction. , has many advantages such as good light resistance, corrosion resistance, easy to wash and dry, and high elasticity. It is deeply loved by the market and consumers and occupies an important position in the field of textiles. However, polyester fabrics also have prominent shortcomings, such as poor air permeability and poor antibacterial performance. If the clothing is not breathable, sweat stains will be difficult to evaporate, which will not only cause great discomfort, but may also breed bacteria and cause itchy skin. and other problems, which has resulted in polyester fabrics being severely restricted in the field of clothing. In addition, as a synthetic polymer material, polyester has a limiting oxygen index of only about 20, which makes it flammable. Polyester fabrics will also melt and drip when burned, which can easily cause the fire to expand, so it is a potential fire hazard.

At present, physical modification and chemical modification can be used to solve the above technical problems. For example, the invention patent application number CN202110900542.4 discloses a modified polyester fiber and its preparation method and antibacterial polyester fabric. By incorporating nanosilver The powder, carrier and polyethylene terephthalate are mixed, and then undergo granulation and spinning processes to produce modified polyester fiber. The excellent antibacterial properties of nanosilver are used to give the polyester fiber a good antibacterial effect. Therefore, the present invention prepares silicone antibacterial finishing agent and functional chitosan as additives, mixes them with polyester fiber slices to prepare functional polyester fiber, and uses it as the main raw material to produce fabrics with excellent antibacterial and flame-resistant properties.

Contents of the invention

The purpose of the present invention is to provide a method for preparing light and breathable fabrics, which solves the problems of polyester fabrics being easy to burn, having poor air permeability and poor antibacterial performance.

The object of the present invention can be achieved through the following technical solutions:

A method for preparing a light and breathable fabric. The light and breathable fabric is composed of polyester fiber and coffee carbon fiber with a mass ratio of 6-7:1; the polyester fiber includes the following parts by weight of raw materials: 80-95 parts of polyester fiber slices, 1-3 parts of silicone antibacterial finishing agent, 2-4.5 parts of functional chitosan, 0.5-1 part of antioxidant;

The preparation method includes the following steps:

The first step: using a high-count yarn compact spinning process to combine polyester fiber and coffee carbon fiber to prepare compact yarn;

Step 2: Use plain weaving technology to weave tight yarns to obtain light and breathable fabrics;

The silicone antibacterial finishing agent is prepared by using 1,3-bis(chloromethyl)-1,1,3,3-tetramethyldisiloxane and a double-terminated tertiary amine compound as raw materials;

The functional chitosan is prepared by using chitosan and flame retardant DDP as raw materials.

Further preferably, the preparation method of the polyester fiber is:

Step (1): Place the formula amount of polyester fiber slices, silicone antibacterial finishing agent, functional chitosan and antioxidant in a high-speed mixer, stir and mix evenly, then pour into the extruder, and control the temperature to 240-260℃, screw speed is 120-150rpm, perform extrusion granulation, melt and spin the obtained masterbatch, control the spinning temperature to 280-300℃, the spinning speed to 500-1000m/min, and the pulling multiple is 2.7-3.0 times, and virgin polyester fiber is obtained;

Step (2): The virgin polyester fiber is drafted and spun. After winding, forming, bundled drafting and heat setting processes, the polyester fiber can be obtained.

Further preferably, the preparation method of the silicone antibacterial finishing agent is:

Add 1,3-bis(chloromethyl)-1,1,3,3-tetramethyldisiloxane and toluene solvent to the reactor, start stirring, and wait until a uniform solution is formed, then add nitrogen and remove the air , turn on heating, raise the temperature to 60-70°C, control the addition speed, slowly add the double-ended tertiary amine compound into the reactor, complete the addition, stir at constant temperature for 12-18 hours, evaporate the solvent, and separate the product. Get Silicone Antimicrobial Finish.

By adopting the above technical solution, the structure of 1,3-bis(chloromethyl)-1,1,3,3-tetramethyldisiloxane has halogen groups at both ends, and can be combined with the double-terminated tertiary siloxane under high temperature conditions. The tertiary amine groups at both ends of the amine compound structure undergo a quaternization reaction. By controlling the dropping speed, the molecular chain of the product is continuously extended to form a long-chain polymeric silicone antibacterial finishing agent. The structure of this organosilicon antibacterial finishing agent contains a large amount of quaternary ammonium. The ammonium salt antibacterial functional group and silicon-oxygen bond not only exhibit strong antibacterial properties, but also have excellent stability.

Further preferably, the molar ratio of the 1,3-bis(chloromethyl)-1,1,3,3-tetramethyldisiloxane and the double-ended tertiary amine compound is 1:1.

Further preferably, the addition speed is 1-2 mL/min.

Further preferably, the double-ended tertiary amine compound is N,N,N',N'-tetramethyl-1,3-propanediamine or N,N,N',N'-tetramethyl-1, Any of 6-hexanediamine.

Further preferably, the preparation method of the functional chitosan is:

Step A: Stir and mix the flame retardant DDP and the activator, add it to dimethyl sulfoxide, and stir in the dark for 1-3 hours to obtain an active reaction solution;

Step B: Stir chitosan and an acetic acid aqueous solution with a volume fraction of 1% until a uniform solution is formed. Add the active reaction solution dropwise to the solution. After the dropwise addition, stir for 8-12 hours at room temperature in the dark. Move it into a dialysis bag, dialyze in distilled water for 2-3 days, change the water every 4-6 hours, and then undergo freeze-coagulation and freeze-drying to obtain functional chitosan.

By adopting the above technical solution, the carboxyl group in the DDP structure of the flame retardant, after being activated by the activator, can undergo a condensation reaction with the amino group in the chitosan structure and gradually cross-link to form functional chitosan with a cross-linked structure. The cross-linked structure of chitosan has a higher carbonization degree as a carbon source. Using it as a carbon source and a gas source, and using the flame retardant DDP as an acid source, an intumescent flame retardant system can be formed to achieve instant results with a small amount of addition. It has a good flame retardant modification effect.

Further preferably, in step A, the activator is N,N-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide or 1-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-3-ethylcarbodiimide hydrochloride. Any kind.

Further preferably, in step B, the weight average molecular weight of the chitosan is 20-30KDa, and the deacetylation degree is 90%.

Further preferably, the antioxidant is any one of antioxidant 1010, antioxidant 168 or antioxidant 1076 or a mixture of two or more in any proportion.

Beneficial effects of the present invention:

1) The present invention uses a polymeric silicone antibacterial finishing agent and mixes it with polyester fiber slices, and utilizes a large number of quaternary ammonium salt functional groups in the structure of the silicone antibacterial finishing agent to give the polyester fiber good antibacterial properties. Moreover, due to the silicone antibacterial finishing The agent has good stability, so it can maintain good antibacterial activity for a long time, and the polymeric silicone antibacterial finishing agent can avoid the problem of easy migration of small molecule antibacterial agents, maintain the long-term antibacterial effect of polyester fibers, and make the prepared fabrics have long-term Effective antibacterial properties.

2) The present invention uses functional chitosan as an intumescent flame retardant to perform flame retardant modification on the polyester fiber. When the fabric burns, an expanded carbon layer is quickly formed. At the same time, it is combined with the silicon element in the silicone antibacterial finishing agent. A silicon-deposited expanded carbon layer is formed. The expanded carbon layer has good heat and oxygen insulation and high strength, and can prevent burning. Moreover, chitosan has a certain plasticizing effect and can improve the strength of the polyester fiber.

3) The present invention combines polyester fiber and coffee carbon fiber to make a compact yarn, and then weaves it into fabric. It takes advantage of the light weight and porous structure of coffee carbon fiber to improve the air permeability of the fabric and make the fabric light and thin. Breathable, comfortable wall.

Of course, any product implementing the present invention does not necessarily need to achieve all the above-mentioned advantages at the same time.

Description of the drawings

In order to explain the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention more clearly, the drawings needed to describe the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those of ordinary skill in the art, other drawings can also be obtained based on these drawings without exerting creative efforts.

Figure 1 is an infrared characterization diagram of the silicone antibacterial finishing agent used in the examples and comparative examples of the present invention.

Detailed ways

The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative efforts fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Example 1

1. Preparation of silicone antibacterial finishing agent

Add 1 mol of 1,3-bis(chloromethyl)-1,1,3,3-tetramethyldisiloxane and toluene solvent into the reactor, start stirring, and wait until a uniform solution is formed, then add nitrogen. Remove the air, turn on heating, raise the temperature to 70°C, control the addition speed to 1mL/min, and slowly add 1 mol of N,N,N',N'-tetramethyl-1,6-hexanediamine to the reactor After the addition is completed, stir at constant temperature for 16 hours, evaporate the solvent, and separate the product to obtain the silicone antibacterial finishing agent.

Take an appropriate amount of silicone antibacterial finishing agent, mix it with potassium bromide, and press into tablets. Conduct an infrared absorption spectrum test. The wave number range is 4000-500cm ^-1 . The test results are shown in Figure 1, where 2880-2945cm ^-1 is -CH. ₃ /-CH ₂ -Stretching characteristic absorption peak, 1398~1485cm ^-1 is the CN characteristic absorption peak in the quaternary ammonium salt functional group; 1046cm ^-1 is the Si-O-Si characteristic absorption peak.

2. Preparation of functional chitosan

Step A: Stir and mix 1.2g of flame retardant DDP and 0.5g of 1-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-3-ethylcarbodiimide hydrochloride, and add it to 20mL of dimethyl sulfoxide. Stir in the dark for 2 hours to obtain active reaction solution;

Step B: Stir and mix 2g of chitosan with a weight average molecular weight of 20KDa and a deacetylation degree of 90% with 240mL of acetic acid aqueous solution with a volume fraction of 1% until a uniform solution is formed. Add the active reaction solution dropwise to the solution. After the addition is completed, stir for 9 hours at room temperature in the dark, then move to a dialysis bag and dialyze in distilled water for 3 days. Change the water every 6 hours. Afterwards, the functional chitosan can be obtained by freeze-solidification and freeze-drying.

Mix 10 mL of concentrated nitric acid and 0.5 mL of concentrated hydrochloric acid solution to form a mixed solution. Add 0.5 g of functional chitosan sample to the mixed solution, heat to 80°C, stir for 2 hours, stop heating, wait for it to cool naturally, and pour into the volume. Set the volume in the bottle, transfer 30 mL of the constant solution, mix with deionized water, and boil. Refer to the national standard GB/T 10512-2008 to prepare the quinolinone solution. Pour 100 mL of the quinolinone solution into the cooled boiling liquid. in, heat it again to a slight boil, stop heating, wait for it to cool naturally, filter to separate the solid, dry to constant weight, weigh, record as M ₁ (g), and do a blank control test at the same time, record the filter cake after drying Weight, recorded as M ₂ (g), use the formula {[(M ₁ -M ₂ )×0.0145×5]/m}×100% to calculate the phosphorus content, where m is the sample mass, g; the test results show that the phosphorus in the sample The content is 12.31%.

3. Preparation of polyester fiber

Step (1): Place 80 parts of polyester fiber slices, 1 part of silicone antibacterial finishing agent, 2 parts of functional chitosan and 0.5 part of antioxidant 1010 in a high-speed mixer, stir and mix evenly, then pour and extrusion In the machine, the temperature is controlled to 240°C, the screw speed is 120rpm, extrusion granulation is performed, and the obtained masterbatch is melt-spun. The spinning temperature is controlled to 280°C, the spinning speed is 500m/min, and the pulling multiple is 3.0 times to obtain virgin polyester fiber;

Step (2): The virgin polyester fiber is drafted and spun. After winding, forming, bundled drafting and heat setting processes, the polyester fiber can be obtained.

Example 2

Preparation of polyester fiber

Step (1): Place 90 parts of polyester fiber slices, 2.5 parts of silicone antibacterial finishing agent, 4 parts of functional chitosan and 0.6 parts of antioxidant 1010 in a high-speed mixer, stir and mix evenly, then pour into the extruder In the machine, the temperature is controlled to 250°C, the screw speed is 150rpm, extrusion granulation is performed, and the obtained masterbatch is melt-spun. The spinning temperature is controlled to 300°C, the spinning speed is 800m/min, and the pulling factor is 3.0 times to obtain virgin polyester fiber;

Step (2): The virgin polyester fiber is drafted and spun. After winding, forming, bundled drafting and heat setting processes, the polyester fiber can be obtained.

The preparation method of the silicone antibacterial finishing agent and functional chitosan is shown in Example 1.

Example 3

Preparation of polyester fiber

Step (1): Place 95 parts of polyester fiber slices, 3 parts of silicone antibacterial finishing agent, 4.5 parts of functional chitosan and 1 part of antioxidant 1010 in a high-speed mixer, stir and mix evenly, then pour into the extruder In the machine, the temperature is controlled to 260°C, the screw speed is 150rpm, extrusion granulation is performed, and the obtained masterbatch is melt-spun. The spinning temperature is controlled to 300°C, the spinning speed is 1000m/min, and the pulling factor is 3.0 times to obtain virgin polyester fiber;

Step (2): The virgin polyester fiber is drafted and spun. After winding, forming, bundled drafting and heat setting processes, the polyester fiber can be obtained.

The preparation method of the silicone antibacterial finishing agent and functional chitosan is shown in Example 1.

Comparative example 1

Preparation of polyester fiber

Step (1): Place 90 parts of polyester fiber slices, 4 parts of functional chitosan and 0.6 parts of antioxidant 1010 in a high-speed mixer, stir and mix evenly, then pour into the extruder, and control the temperature to 250°C , the screw speed is 150rpm, extrusion granulation is performed, and the obtained masterbatch is melt-spun. Control the spinning temperature to 300°C, the spinning speed to 800m/min, and the pulling multiple to 3.0 times to obtain virgin polyester fiber;

Step (2): The virgin polyester fiber is drafted and spun. After winding, forming, bundled drafting and heat setting processes, the polyester fiber can be obtained.

The preparation method of the functional chitosan is shown in Example 1.

Comparative example 2

Preparation of polyester fiber

Step (1): Place 90 parts of polyester fiber slices, 2.5 parts of silicone antibacterial finishing agent, 4 parts of chitosan and 0.6 parts of antioxidant 1010 in a high-speed mixer, mix evenly, and then pour into the extruder. , control the temperature to 250°C, the screw speed to 150rpm, perform extrusion granulation, and perform melt spinning on the obtained masterbatch. Control the spinning temperature to 300°C, the spinning speed to 800m/min, and the traction multiple to 3.0 times. Obtain virgin polyester fiber;

Step (2): The virgin polyester fiber is drafted and spun. After winding, forming, bundled drafting and heat setting processes, the polyester fiber can be obtained.

The preparation method of the silicone antibacterial finishing agent is shown in Example 1.

Comparative example 3

Preparation of polyester fiber

Step (1): Place 90 parts of polyester fiber slices, 2.5 parts of silicone antibacterial finishing agent and 0.6 parts of antioxidant 1010 in a high-speed mixer, stir and mix evenly, then pour into the extruder, and control the temperature to 250°C , the screw speed is 150rpm, extrusion granulation is performed, and the obtained masterbatch is melt-spun. Control the spinning temperature to 300°C, the spinning speed to 800m/min, and the pulling multiple to 3.0 times to obtain virgin polyester fiber;

Step (2): The virgin polyester fiber is drafted and spun. After winding, forming, bundled drafting and heat setting processes, the polyester fiber can be obtained.

The preparation method of the silicone antibacterial finishing agent is shown in Example 1.

Comparative example 4

Preparation of polyester fiber

Step (1): Place 90 parts of polyester fiber slices and 0.6 parts of antioxidant 1010 in a high-speed mixer, stir and mix evenly, then pour into the extruder, control the temperature to 250°C, and the screw speed to 150rpm, and perform extrusion. After granulation, the obtained masterbatch is melt-spun, and the spinning temperature is controlled to 300°C, the spinning speed is 800m/min, and the pulling multiple is 3.0 times to obtain virgin polyester fiber;

Step (2): The virgin polyester fiber is drafted and spun. After winding, forming, bundled drafting and heat setting processes, the polyester fiber can be obtained.

Performance testing

With reference to the national standard GB/T 3923.1-2003, the polyester fibers prepared in Examples 1 to 3 and Comparative Examples 1 to 4 of the present invention were tested for breaking strength. The test results are as shown in the following table:

Analyzing the test results shows that the breaking strength of polyester fibers prepared by adding chitosan to the components is significantly higher.

The polyester fibers prepared in Examples 1 to 3 and Comparative Examples 1 to 4 of the present invention are used to prepare fabrics. The specific method is as follows:

The first step: using a high-count yarn compact spinning process, combine 60g polyester fiber and 10g coffee carbon fiber to prepare compact yarn;

Step 2: Use plain weaving technology to weave tight yarns to form fabric;

Conduct the following performance tests on fabrics:

Referring to the national standard GB/T 20944.2-2007, cut the fabric into 10cm×10cm sample cloth, test the antibacterial performance of the fabric, and select E. coli as the test strain;

Referring to the national standard GB/T 5453-1997, cut the fabric into a sample with an area of ^20cm2 to test the breathability;

Refer to the national standard GB/T 5454-1997 to test the limiting oxygen index of fabrics;

The test results are shown in the table below:

Analysis of the test results in the above table shows that the fabric made by combining the polyester fabrics prepared in Examples 1 to 3 of the present invention and coffee carbon fiber has good antibacterial and flame retardant effects and good air permeability, while the polyester fiber prepared in Comparative Example 1 is The antibacterial and flame retardant properties of fabrics made from the main raw materials have declined to varying degrees. It is speculated that this is due to the fact that no silicone antibacterial finishing agent is added and the polyester fiber does not contain quaternary ammonium salt antibacterial functional groups and silicon elements. Conventional chitosan was added to the polyester fiber prepared in Comparative Example 2, so it did not contain organophosphorus flame retardant, resulting in a significant decrease in the flame retardant performance of the fabric. Chitosan was not added to the polyester fiber prepared in Comparative Example 3, so the flame retardant properties of the fabric were further reduced. The polyester fiber prepared in Comparative Example 4 did not add silicone antibacterial finishing agent and organophosphorus flame retardant, so the flame retardant and antibacterial properties were the worst.

In the description of this specification, reference to the terms "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "an example," "specific examples," or "some examples" or the like means that specific features are described in connection with the embodiment or example. , structures, materials or features are included in at least one embodiment or example of the invention. In this specification, the schematic expressions of the above terms are not necessarily directed to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the specific features, structures, materials or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples. Furthermore, those skilled in the art may combine and combine different embodiments or examples and features of different embodiments or examples described in this specification unless they are inconsistent with each other.

The above contents are only examples and explanations of the concept of the invention. Those skilled in the art may make various modifications or additions to the described specific embodiments or substitute them in similar ways, as long as they do not deviate from the concept of the invention. or beyond the scope defined by the claims, shall belong to the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. The preparation method of the light and thin breathable fabric is characterized in that the light and thin breathable fabric consists of polyester fibers and coffee carbon fibers in a mass ratio of 6-7:1; the polyester fiber comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 80-95 parts of polyester fiber slice, 1-3 parts of organic silicon antibacterial finishing agent, 2-4.5 parts of functional chitosan and 0.5-1 part of antioxidant;

the preparation method comprises the following steps:

the first step: adopting a high count yarn compact spinning process to combine polyester fiber and coffee carbon fiber to prepare compact yarn;

and a second step of: weaving the compact yarns by using a plain weaving process to obtain a light and thin breathable fabric;

the organosilicon antibacterial finishing agent is prepared from 1, 3-bis (chloromethyl) -1, 3-tetramethyl disiloxane and double-end tertiary amine compounds serving as raw materials;

the functional chitosan is prepared from chitosan and a flame retardant DDP.

2. The method for preparing the light and thin breathable fabric according to claim 1, wherein the method for preparing the polyester fiber is as follows:

step (1): placing polyester fiber slices, an organosilicon antibacterial finishing agent, functional chitosan and an antioxidant in a formula amount into a high-speed mixer, uniformly stirring and mixing, pouring into an extruder, controlling the temperature to be 240-260 ℃, extruding and granulating at the screw speed of 120-150rpm, performing melt spinning on the obtained master batch, controlling the spinning temperature to be 280-300 ℃, and the spinning speed to be 500-1000m/min, wherein the traction multiple is 2.7-3.0 times, thus obtaining the nascent polyester fiber;

step (2): drawing and spinning the nascent polyester fiber, and obtaining the polyester fiber through winding, forming, bundling and drawing and heat setting processes.

3. The method for preparing the light and thin breathable fabric according to claim 1, wherein the method for preparing the organosilicon antibacterial finishing agent is as follows:

adding 1, 3-bis (chloromethyl) -1, 3-tetramethyl disiloxane and toluene solvent into a reactor, starting stirring, introducing nitrogen after forming a uniform solution, removing air, starting heating, raising the temperature to 60-70 ℃, controlling the adding speed, slowly adding a double-end tertiary amine compound into the reactor, stirring at constant temperature for 12-18h after adding, evaporating the solvent, and separating out a product to obtain the organosilicon antibacterial finishing agent.

4. The method for preparing a light and thin breathable fabric according to claim 3, wherein the molar ratio of the 1, 3-bis (chloromethyl) -1, 3-tetramethyldisiloxane to the double-ended tertiary amine compound is 1:1.

5. The method for preparing the light and thin breathable fabric according to claim 3, wherein the adding speed is 1-2mL/min.

6. The method for producing a light and thin breathable fabric according to claim 3, wherein the double-ended tertiary amine compound is any one of N, N '-tetramethyl-1, 3-propanediamine or N, N' -tetramethyl-1, 6-hexanediamine.

7. The method for preparing the light and thin breathable fabric according to claim 1, wherein the method for preparing the functional chitosan is as follows:

step A: stirring and mixing a flame retardant DDP and an activator, adding the mixture into dimethyl sulfoxide, and stirring the mixture for 1 to 3 hours in a dark place to obtain an active reaction solution;

and (B) step (B): stirring chitosan and acetic acid aqueous solution with volume fraction of 1% to form uniform solution, dropwise adding active reaction solution into the solution, stirring at room temperature for 8-12h under dark condition, transferring into dialysis bag, dialyzing in distilled water for 2-3 days, changing water every 4-6h, and freeze-solidifying and freeze-drying to obtain functional chitosan.

8. The method for preparing a light and thin breathable fabric according to claim 7, wherein in the step a, the activator is any one of N, N-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide or 1- (3-dimethylaminopropyl) -3-ethylcarbodiimide hydrochloride.

9. The method for preparing a light and thin breathable fabric according to claim 7, wherein in the step B, the weight average molecular weight of the chitosan is 20-30KDa, and the deacetylation degree is 90%.

10. The method for preparing the light and thin breathable fabric according to claim 1, wherein the antioxidant is any one or a mixture of more than two of antioxidant 1010, antioxidant 168 and antioxidant 1076 in any proportion.